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Biagi F, Giubilini A, Veronesi P, Nigro G, Messori M. Valorization of Winery By-Products as Bio-Fillers for Biopolymer-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1344. [PMID: 38794538 PMCID: PMC11125358 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Grape seeds (GS), wine lees (WL), and grape pomace (GP) are common winery by-products, used as bio-fillers in this research with two distinct biopolymer matrices-poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS)-to create fully bio-based composite materials. Each composite included at least 30 v% bio-filler, with a sample reaching 40 v%, as we sought to determine a composition that could be economically and environmentally effective as a substitute for a pure biopolymer matrix. The compounding process employed a twin-screw extruder followed by an injection molding procedure to fabricate the specimens. An acetylation treatment assessed the specimen's efficacy in enhancing matrix-bio-filler affinity, particularly for WL and GS. The fabricated bio-composites underwent an accurate characterization, revealing no alteration in thermal properties after compounding with bio-fillers. Moreover, hygroscopic measurements indicated increased water-affinity in bio-composites compared to neat biopolymer, most significantly with GP, which exhibited a 7-fold increase. Both tensile and dynamic mechanical tests demonstrated that bio-fillers not only preserved, but significantly enhanced, the stiffness of the neat biopolymer across all samples. In this regard, the most promising results were achieved with the PBAT and acetylated GS sample, showing a 162% relative increase in Young's modulus, and the PBS and WL sample, which exhibited the highest absolute values of Young's modulus and storage modulus, even at high temperatures. These findings underscore the scientific importance of exploring the interaction between bio-fillers derived from winery by-products and three different biopolymer matrices, showcasing their potential for sustainable material development, and advancing polymer science and bio-sourced material processing. From a practical standpoint, the study highlighted the tangible benefits of using by-product bio-fillers, including cost savings, waste reduction, and environmental advantages, thus paving the way for greener and more economically viable material production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Biagi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alberto Giubilini
- Department of Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Nigro
- Ri.Nova—Filiera Vitivinicola ed Olivo-Oleicola, Via Tebano 45, 48018 Faenza, Italy;
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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2
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An Q, Zhen Z, Zhong N, Qiu D, Xie Y, Yan C. Effects of biodegradable microplastics on arsenic migration and transformation in paddy soils: a comparative analysis with conventional microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134053. [PMID: 38508111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) in paddy soils has attracted more attention worldwide. However, there are few comparative studies on the effects of biodegradable and conventional MPs on As migration and transformation. Therefore, conventional (polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride) and biodegradable (polybutadiene styrene, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate) MPs were selected to explore and demonstrate their influences and mechanism on As migration from paddy soils to overlying water and As speciation transformation through microcosmic experiment with measuring the changes of As chemical distribution, physicochemical indexes and microbial community in paddy soils. The results showed that biodegradable MPs enhanced As migration and transformation more effective than conventional MPs during 60 d. Biodegradable MPs indirectly increased the content of As(Ⅲ) and bioavailable As by changing the microbial community structure and affecting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron in soils, and promoted the As migration and transformation. PBS showed the strongest promoting effect, transforming to more As(Ⅲ) (11.43%) and bioavailable As (4.28%) than control. This helps to a better understanding of the effects of MPs on As biogeochemical cycle and to clarify the ecological and food safety risks of their combined pollution in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nijing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Donghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhe Xie
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agro, Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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3
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Santos CM, Santos TF, Aquino MS, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S, Suyambulingam I. Era of bast fibers-based polymer composites for replacement of man-made fibers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29761. [PMID: 38681634 PMCID: PMC11053226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bast fibers are defined as those obtained from the outer cell layers of the bast of various plant families. They are finding use in textile applications and are widely used as reinforcements for green composites, as bast fibers are perceived as "sustainable". There is a growing demand for bast fibers across the world due to their renewable and biodegradable nature. The bast fibers are mainly composed of cellulose, which potentially considers the growing techniques, harvesting and extraction processes of bast fibers most used to produce fibers with appropriate quality to apply in the daily lives of modern men and women in contemporary society. This review paper looks at many aspects of natural fibers, with a focus on plant bast fibers, including their impact on prehistoric and historical society. This review shows that bast fibers are competitive compared to man-made fibers in many applications, but variability in mechanical properties and low tenacity may limit their use in high-strengthh composites and extend to, particularly in aerospace, automotive, packaging, building industries, insulation, E-composites (Eco composites), geotextiles and many other applications are currently being explored. Considering, important characteristics of bast fibers include physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This makes bast fibers one of the most important classes of plant fibers to use as reinforcing agents in thermosetting/thermoplastic polymer matrices. And the effect of bast fibers as reinforcement in the properties of ECO-composites, GREEN-composites, BIO-composites, lightweight composites. Bast fibers play an important role in sustainability, the preservation of the health of the environment, the well-being of the next generation, and even the daily lives of men and women in the contemporary world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroliny M. Santos
- Textiles Technologies Study Group (GETTEX), Laboratory of Knitting, Department of Textile Engineering (DET), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thiago F. Santos
- Textiles Technologies Study Group (GETTEX), Laboratory of Knitting, Department of Textile Engineering (DET), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Ecobrasil Industry and Export of Sisal Eireli (ECOBRASIL), Sisaltec Sisal Fiber Industry (SISALTEC), Rodovia Br 101 Norte 10500, Zip code: 59115-00, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Marcos S. Aquino
- Textiles Technologies Study Group (GETTEX), Laboratory of Knitting, Department of Textile Engineering (DET), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Indran Suyambulingam
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Wongphan P, Promhuad K, Srisa A, Laorenza Y, Oushapjalaunchai C, Harnkarnsujarit N. Unveiling the Future of Meat Packaging: Functional Biodegradable Packaging Preserving Meat Quality and Safety. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1232. [PMID: 38732702 PMCID: PMC11085279 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat quality and shelf life are important parameters affecting consumer perception and safety. Several factors contribute to the deterioration and spoilage of meat products, including microbial growth, chemical reactions in the food's constituents, protein denaturation, lipid oxidation, and discoloration. This study reviewed the development of functional packaging biomaterials that interact with food and the environment to improve food's sensory properties and consumer safety. Bioactive packaging incorporates additive compounds such as essential oils, natural extracts, and chemical substances to produce composite polymers and polymer blends. The findings showed that the incorporation of additive compounds enhanced the packaging's functionality and improved the compatibility of the polymer-polymer matrices and that between the polymers and active compounds. Food preservatives are alternative substances for food packaging that prevent food spoilage and preserve quality. The safety of food contact materials, especially the flavor/odor contamination from the packaging to the food and the mass transfer from the food to the packaging, was also assessed. Flavor is a key factor in consumer purchasing decisions and also determines the quality and safety of meat products. Novel functional packaging can be used to preserve the quality and safety of packaged meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanwipa Wongphan
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Khwanchat Promhuad
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Atcharawan Srisa
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Yeyen Laorenza
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Chayut Oushapjalaunchai
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (Y.L.); (C.O.)
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Sasimowski E, Majewski Ł, Grochowicz M. Study on the Biodegradation of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Wheat Bran Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6843. [PMID: 37959440 PMCID: PMC10647723 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study investigating the biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/wheat bran (WB) biocomposites. Injection mouldings were subjected to biodegradation in compost-filled bioreactors under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. The effects of composting time (14, 42 and 70 days) and WB mass content (10%, 30% and 50% wt.) on the structural and thermal properties of the samples were investigated. Measurements were made by infrared spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. Results demonstrated that both the thermal and structural properties of the samples depended greatly on the biodegradation time. Specifically, their crystallinity degree increased significantly while molecular mass sharply decreased with biodegradation time, whereas their thermal resistance only showed a slight increase. This resulted from enzymatic hydrolysis that led to the breakdown of ester bonds in polymer chains. It was also found that a higher WB content led to a higher mass loss in the biocomposite samples during biodegradation and affected their post-biodegradation properties. A higher bran content increased the degree of crystallinity of the biocomposite samples but reduced their thermal resistance and molecular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sasimowski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Grochowicz
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
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Beghetto V, Gatto V, Samiolo R, Scolaro C, Brahimi S, Facchin M, Visco A. Plastics today: Key challenges and EU strategies towards carbon neutrality: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122102. [PMID: 37414120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Never as today the need for collaborative interactions between industry, the scientific community, NGOs, policy makers and citizens has become crucial for the development of shared political choices and protection of the environment, for the safeguard of future generations. The complex socio-economic and environmental interconnections that underlie the EU strategy of the last years, within the framework of the Agenda 2030 and the green deal, often create perplexity and confusion that make difficult to outline the definition of a common path to achieve carbon neutrality and "net zero emissions" by 2050. Scope of this work is to give a general overview of EU policies, directives, regulations, and laws concerning polymers and plastic manufacturing, aiming to reduce plastic pollution, allowing for a better understanding of the implications that environmental concern and protection may generate from a social-economical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e La Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Samiolo
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Cristina Scolaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salim Brahimi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela Facchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Annamaria Visco
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy; Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - CNR IPCB, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 9-95126, Catania, Italy
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7
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Amornsakchai T, Duangsuwan S, Mougin K, Goh KL. Comparative Study of Flax and Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Poly(butylene succinate): Effect of Fiber Content on Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3691. [PMID: 37765545 PMCID: PMC10537419 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compare the reinforcing efficiency of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and cultivated flax fiber in unidirectional poly(butylene succinate) composites. Flax, known for robust mechanical properties, is contrasted with PALF, a less studied but potentially sustainable alternative. Short fibers (6 mm) were incorporated at 10 and 20% wt. levels. After two-roll mill mixing, uniaxially aligned prepreg sheets were compression molded into composites. At 10 wt.%, PALF and flax exhibited virtually the same stress-strain curve. Interestingly, PALF excelled at 20 wt.%, defying its inherently lower tensile properties compared to flax. PALF/PBS reached 70.7 MPa flexural strength, 2.0 GPa flexural modulus, and 107.3 °C heat distortion temperature. Comparable values for flax/PBS were 57.8 MPa, 1.7 GPa, and 103.7 °C. X-ray pole figures indicated similar matrix orientations in both composites. An analysis of extracted fibers revealed differences in breakage behavior. This study highlights the potential of PALF as a sustainable reinforcement option. Encouraging the use of PALF in high-performance bio-composites aligns with environmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweechai Amornsakchai
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- TEAnity Team Co., Ltd., 40/494 Soi Navamintra 111, Khet Bueng Kum, Bangkok 10230, Thailand
| | - Sorn Duangsuwan
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Karine Mougin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-CNRS-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, B.P.2488, 68057 Mulhouse, CEDEX, France
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8 #05-01, SIT@NYP Building, Singapore 567739, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Qian Y, Shang Y, Zheng Y, Jia Y, Wang F. Temporal and spatial variation of microplastics in Baotou section of Yellow River, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117803. [PMID: 37027953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater rivers play the key role in providing drinking water sources and building the bridge of oceans and lands. Hence, environmental pollutants can be transferred into drinking water through a water treatment process and transported land-based microplastics into the ocean. Microplastics are considered a new pollutant that is becoming a threat to freshwater ecosystems. The present study investigated the temporal and spatial variation of microplastics abundance and their characteristics of occurrence in surface water, sediment and soil samples of Baotou section of Yellow River in China in March 2021 and September 2021. According to the LDIR analysis, the average abundances of microplastics in wet season (surface water 2510.83 ± 2971.27n/L, sediment 6166.67 ± 2914.56n/kg) were higher than that in dry season(surface water 432.5 ± 240.54n/L, sediment 3766.67 ± 1625.63n/kg), particularly being significant difference in the dry and wet seasons of surface water. The predominant polymer types in surface water (PBS and PET during the dry season, PP during the wet season) demonstrated that the temporal variation of microplastics abundance in surface water could be attributed to the combined effect of the regional precipitation, fishing activities and improper disposal of plastic waste. And the results of spatial abundances of microplastics showed that the microplastics abundance of soil and sediment was higher than that in river water and microplastics abundance in the river of the south side was the higher than other water sampling sites, revealing the differences of microplastics burden at the different sampling sites. Moreover, it is worth noting that a large amount of PAM was detected in sediments and soil, but not in water, and the biodegradable plastics PBS and PLA were also detected in the Yellow River. It was a very useful information for evaluating environmental impacts and ecological effects of degradable plastics compared to the traditional plastics after the implementation of a new environmental policy in the future. Thus, this study provided insights into the temporal-spatial characteristics of microplastics in an urban river and raised environmental management awareness of the long-term threat to drinking water safety by microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Qian
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014040, China
| | - Yunxu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
| | - Yuqiao Jia
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014040, China.
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China.
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Papadopoulou K, Tarani E, Ainali NM, Chrissafis K, Wurzer C, Mašek O, Bikiaris DN. The Effect of Biochar Addition on Thermal Stability and Decomposition Mechanism of Poly(butylene succinate) Bionanocomposites. Molecules 2023; 28:5330. [PMID: 37513203 PMCID: PMC10384878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) and its bionanocomposites containing 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.% biochar (MSP700) were prepared via in situ melt polycondensation in order to investigate the thermal stability and decomposition mechanism of the materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out to analyze the surface area of a biochar sample and PBSu/biochar nanocomposites. From XPS, it was found that only physical interactions were taking place between PBSu matrix and biochar nanoadditive. Thermal stability, decomposition kinetics, and the decomposition mechanism of the pristine PBSu and PBSu/biochar nanocomposites were thoroughly studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). TGA thermograms depicted that all materials had high thermal stability, since their decomposition started at around 300 °C. However, results indicated a slight reduction in the thermal stability of the PBSu biochar nanocomposites because of the potential catalytic impact of biochar. Py-GC/MS analysis was employed to examine, in more detail, the thermal degradation mechanism of PBSu nanocomposites filled with biochar. From the decomposition products identified by Py-GC/MS after pyrolysis at 450 °C, it was found that the decomposition pathway of the PBSu/biochar nanocomposites took place mainly via β-hydrogen bond scission, which is similar to that which took place for neat PBSu. However, at higher biochar content (5 wt.%), some localized differences in the intensity of the peaks of some specific thermal degradation products could be recognized, indicating that α-hydrogen bond scission was also taking place. A study of the thermal stability and decomposition pathway of PBSu/biochar bionanocomposites is crucial to examine if the new materials fulfill the requirements for further investigation for mulch films in agriculture or in electronics as possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tarani
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian Wurzer
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dönitz A, Köllner A, Richter T, Löschke O, Auhl D, Völlmecke C. Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Hemp-Reinforced Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) and Its Mechanical Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102271. [PMID: 37242845 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of natural fibre-reinforced polymers is a pivotal method in developing sustainable engineering solutions. Using the fused filament fabrication method, the current study investigates the additive manufacturing of hemp-reinforced polybutylene succinate (PBS) alongside its mechanical characterization. Two types of hemp reinforcement are considered: short fibres (max. length smaller than 2 mm) and long fibres (max. length smaller than 10 mm), which are compared against non-reinforced (pure) PBS. A detailed analysis is performed regarding the determination of suitable 3D printing parameters (overlap, temperature, nozzle diameter). In a comprehensive experimental study, additionally to general analyses regarding the influence of hemp reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour, the effect of printing parameters is determined and discussed. Introducing an overlap in the additive manufacturing of the specimens results in improved mechanical performance. The study highlights that the Young's modulus of PBS can be improved by 63% by introducing hemp fibres in conjunction with overlap. In contrast, hemp fibre reinforcement reduces the tensile strength of PBS, while this effect is less pronounced considering overlap in the additive manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Dönitz
- Stability and Failure of Functionally Optimized Structures, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Köllner
- Stability and Failure of Functionally Optimized Structures, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Richter
- Stability and Failure of Functionally Optimized Structures, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Löschke
- Polymer Materials and Technologies, Institute of Material Science and Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Auhl
- Polymer Materials and Technologies, Institute of Material Science and Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Völlmecke
- Stability and Failure of Functionally Optimized Structures, Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 5, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Savitha KS, Senthil Kumar M, Jagadish RL. Stannous Chloride Redefined: A Mild and an Efficient Catalyst System for Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Savitha
- Department of Polymer Science Sir M. Visvesvaraya Postgraduate Centre Tubinakere Mandya India
| | - M. Senthil Kumar
- Alumnus, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - R. L. Jagadish
- Department of Polymer Science Sir M. Visvesvaraya Postgraduate Centre Tubinakere Mandya India
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12
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Strangis G, Rossi D, Cinelli P, Seggiani M. Seawater Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate- co-adipate)-Wheat Bran Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2593. [PMID: 37048886 PMCID: PMC10095215 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on the development and characterization of biocomposites based on a fully bio-based polyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), and wheat bran derived by flour milling. PBSA-bran composites containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of wheat bran were produced via melt extrusion and processed by injection molding. Their thermal, rheological, morphological, and tensile properties were investigated. In addition, a biodegradation test in a natural marine environment was conducted on composite dog-bones to assess the capacity of the used filler to increase the PBSA biodegradation rate. The composites maintained similar melt processability and mechanical properties to virgin PBSA with up to 15 wt.% bran content. This result was also supported by morphological investigation, which showed good filler dispersion within the polymer matrix at low-mid bran content, whereas poor polymer-filler dispersion occurred at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the biodegradation tests showed bran's capacity to improve the PBSA biodegradation rate, probably due to the hygroscopic bran swelling, which induced the fragmentation of the dog-bone with a consequent increase in the polymeric matrix-seawater interfacial area, accelerating the degradation mechanisms. These results encourage the use of wheat bran, an abundant and low-cost agri-food by-product, as a filler in PBSA-based composites to develop products with good processability, mechanical properties, and controlled biodegradability in marine environments.
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Papadopoulou K, Tarani E, Chrissafis K, Mašek O, Bikiaris DN. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of PBSu/Biochar Composites Studied by Isoconversional and Model Fitting Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071603. [PMID: 37050217 PMCID: PMC10096745 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-isothermal crystallization of Poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu)/biochar composites was studied at various constant cooling rates using differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis of the kinetics data revealed that the overall crystallization rate and activation energy of the PBSu polymer were significantly influenced by the addition of biochar. Specifically, the PBSu/5% biochar composite with a higher filler content was more effective as a nucleation agent in the polymer matrix, as indicated by the nucleation activity (ψ) value of 0.45. The activation energy of the PBSu/5% biochar composite was found to be higher than that of the other compositions, while the nucleation activity of the PBSu/biochar composites decreased as the biochar content increased. The Avrami equation, which is commonly used to describe the kinetics of crystallization, was found to be limited in accurately predicting the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PBSu and PBSu/biochar composites. Although the Nakamura/Hoffman-Lauritzen model performed well overall, it may not have accurately predicted the crystallization rate at the end of the process due to the possibility of secondary crystallization. Finally, the combination of the Šesták-Berggren model with the Hoffman-Lauritzen theory was found to accurately predict the crystallization behavior of the PBSu/biochar composites, indicating a complex crystallization mechanism involving both nucleation and growth. The Kg parameter of neat PBSu was found to be 0.7099 K2, while the melting temperature and glass transition temperature of neat PBSu were found to be 114.91 °C and 35 °C, respectively, very close to the measured values. The Avrami nucleation dimension n was found to 2.65 for PBSu/5% biochar composite indicating that the crystallization process is complex in the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tarani
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Papadopoulou K, Klonos PA, Kyritsis A, Mašek O, Wurzer C, Tsachouridis K, Anastasiou AD, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and Study of Fully Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Biochar. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041049. [PMID: 36850331 PMCID: PMC9960386 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers offer a promising alternative to the global plastic problems and especially in the last decade, to the microplastics problems. For the first time, samples of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) biocomposites containing 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% biochar (BC) were prepared by in situ polymerization via the two-stage melt polycondensation procedure. BC was used as a filler for the PBSu to improve its mechanical properties, thermal transitions, and biodegradability. The structure of the synthesized polymers was examined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) along with an estimation of the molecular weights, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and light flash analysis (LFA) were also employed to record the thermal transitions and evaluate the thermal conductivity, respectively. It was found that the amount of BC does not affect the molecular weight of PBSu biocomposites. The fine dispersion of BC, as well as the increase in BC content in the polymeric matrix, significantly improves the tensile and impact strengths. The DSC analysis results showed that BC facilitates the crystallization of PBSu biocomposites. Due to the latter, a mild and systematic increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity was recorded indicating that BC is a conductive material. The molecular mobility of PBSu, local and segmental, does not change significantly in the biocomposites, whereas the BC seems to cause an increase in the overall dielectric permittivity. Finally, it was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis degradation rate of biocomposites increased with the increasing BC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.A.K.); (D.N.B.); Tel.: +30-2310997812 (D.N.B.)
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK BC Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Christian Wurzer
- UK BC Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | | | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.A.K.); (D.N.B.); Tel.: +30-2310997812 (D.N.B.)
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15
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Freitas PA, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Antioxidant starch composite films containing rice straw extract and cellulose fibres. Food Chem 2023; 400:134073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Improved Bone Regeneration Using Biodegradable Polybutylene Succinate Artificial Scaffold in a Rabbit Model. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010022. [PMID: 36662069 PMCID: PMC9865108 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of extensive bone loss represents a great challenge for orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery. Most of the time, those treatments consist of multiple-stage surgeries over a prolonged period, pose significant infectious risks and carry the possibility of rejection. In this study, we investigated if the use of a polybutylene succinate (PBS) micro-fibrillar scaffold may improve bone regeneration in these procedures. In an in vivo rabbit model, the healing of two calvarial bone defects was studied. One defect was left to heal spontaneously while the other was treated with a PBS scaffold. Computed tomography (CT) scans, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. CT examination showed a significantly larger area of mineralised tissue in the treated defect. Histological examination confirmed a greater presence of active osteoblasts and mineralised tissue in the scaffold-treated defect, with no evidence of inflammatory infiltrates around it. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CD56 at the transition point between healthy bone and the fracture zone. This study demonstrates that the use of a PBS microfibrillar scaffold in critical bone defects on a rabbit model is a potentially effective technique to improve bone regeneration.
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Lv X, Lin H, Wang Z, Niu R, Liu Y, Wei Y, Zheng L. Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyester-Polyether with Enhanced Hydrophilicity, Thermal Stability, Toughness, and Degradation Rate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224895. [PMID: 36433022 PMCID: PMC9698034 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel poly(butylene succinate-butylene furandicarboxylate/polyethylene glycol succinate) (PBSF-PEG) was synthesized using two-step transesterification and polycondensation in the melt. There are characterized by intrinsic viscosity, GPC, 1H NMR, DSC, TGA, tensile, water absorption tests, and water degradation at different pH. GPC analysis showed that PBSF-PEG had high molecular weight with average molecular weight (Mw) up to 13.68 × 104 g/mol. Tensile tests showed that these polymers possessed good mechanical properties with a tensile strength as high as 30 MPa and elongation at break reaching 1500%. It should be noted that the increase of PEG units improved the toughness of the polyester material. In addition, the introduction of PEG promoted the water degradation properties of PBSF, and the copolymer showed a significantly faster water degradation rate when the PEG unit content was 20%. This suggests that the amount of PEG introduced could be applied to regulate the water degradation rate of the copolymers. Hence, these new polymers have great potential for application as environmentally friendly and sustainable plastic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Lv
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haitao Lin
- China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Corp, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- School of 2011, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruixue Niu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liuchun Zheng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (L.Z.)
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18
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Scalable Manufacturing Process and Multifunctional Performance of Cotton Fibre-Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Bio-Composites Coated by Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193946. [PMID: 36235892 PMCID: PMC9573032 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural fibre biopolymer composites with both fibres and matrix being derived from biomaterials are increasingly used in demanding applications, such as sensing, packaging, building, and transport, and require good electrical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. Herein, an investigation of the effectiveness of functionalising nonwoven cotton/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibre mats with graphene oxide nanosheets has been reported by using a facile dip-coating method followed by thermal reduction for enhancing the electric, thermal, and abrasion-resistance properties. The manufacturing processes for preparing biocomposites and introducing functionality are readily scalable. Experimental results reveal that with the addition of less than 0.5 wt% graphene nanoplatelets, the biocomposites showed significant improvements in abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity. Furthermore, the composite shows excellent piezo-resistivity to act as strain sensors with a gauge factor of 2.59 at strains up to 1%.
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19
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Chen M, Cai C, Bao J, Du Y, Gao H, Liu X. Effect of aliphatic segment length and content on crystallization and biodegradation properties of aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Morphology and crystallization behaviour of polyhydroxyalkanoates-based blends and composites: A review. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Guo C, Guo H. Progress in the Degradability of Biodegradable Film Materials for Packaging. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050500. [PMID: 35629826 PMCID: PMC9143987 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In today’s world, the problem of “white pollution” is becoming more and more serious, and many countries have paid special attention to this problem, and it has become one of the most important tasks to reduce polymer waste and to protect the environment. Due to the degradability, safety, economy and practicality of biodegradable packaging film materials, biodegradable packaging film materials have become a major trend in the packaging industry to replace traditional packaging film materials, provided that the packaging performance requirements are met. This paper reviews the degradation mechanisms and performance characteristics of biodegradable packaging film materials, such as photodegradation, hydrodegradation, thermo-oxidative degradation and biodegradation, focuses on the research progress of the modification of biodegradable packaging film materials, and summarizes some challenges and bottlenecks of current biodegradable packaging film materials.
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22
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Wang Y, Huang J, Liang X, Wei M, Liang F, Feng D, Xu C, Xian M, Zou H. Production and waste treatment of polyesters: application of bioresources and biotechniques. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:503-520. [PMID: 35430940 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2039590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical resources and techniques have long been used in the history of bulk polyester production and still dominate today's chemical industry. The sustainable development of the polyester industry demands more renewable resources and environmentally benign polyester products. Accordingly, the rapid development of biotechnology has enabled the production of an extensive range of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters from renewable bio-feedstocks. This review addresses the production of representative commercial polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactic acid, poly ε-caprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene furandicarboxylate, polypropylene furandicarboxylate, and polybutylene furandicarboxylate) or their monomers (lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid) from renewable bioresources. In addition, this review summarizes advanced biotechniques in the treatment of polyester wastes, representing the near-term trends and future opportunities for waste-to-value recycling and the remediation of polyester wastes under sustainable models. For future prospects, it is essential to further expand: non-food bioresources, optimize bioprocesses and biotechniques in the preparation of bioderived or biodegradable polyesters with promising: material performance, biodegradability, and low production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Manman Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengbing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dexin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071479. [PMID: 35406351 PMCID: PMC9014816 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated rice straw fiber (RS)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biocomposites were prepared by injection molding with different TiO2 powder loadings. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 demonstrated the best mechanical properties, where the flexural strength and modulus increased by 30.34% and 28.39%, respectively, compared with RS/PBS. The non-isothermal crystallization of neat PBS, RS/PBS composites, and titanium-dioxide-incorporated RS/PBS composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The non-isothermal crystallization data were analyzed using several theoretical models. The Avrami and Mo kinetic models described the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PBS and the composites; however, the Ozawa model was inapplicable. The crystallization temperature (Tc), half-time of crystallization (t1/2), and kinetic parameters (FT) showed that the crystallizability followed the order: TiO2-incorporated RS/PBS composites > RS/PBS > PBS. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 showed the best crystallization properties. The Friedman model was used to evaluate the effective activation energy of the non-isothermal crystallization of PBS and its composites. Rice straw fiber and TiO2 acted as nucleating agents for PBS. The XRD results showed that the addition of rice straw fiber and TiO2 did not substantially affect the crystal parameters of the PBS matrix. Overall, this study shows that RS and TiO2 can significantly improve the crystallization and mechanical properties of PBS composites.
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Stepanova M, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071477. [PMID: 35406349 PMCID: PMC9003142 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters/cellulose composites have attracted a lot attention due to the perspectives of their application in biomedicine and the production of disposable materials, food packaging, etc. Both aliphatic polyesters and cellulose are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which makes them highly promising for the production of “green” composite materials. However, the main challenge in obtaining composites with favorable properties is the poor compatibility of these polymers. Unlike cellulose, which is very hydrophilic, aliphatic polyesters exhibit strong hydrophobic properties. In recent times, the modification of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials is widely considered as a tool to enhance interfacial biocompatibility with aliphatic polyesters and, consequently, improve the properties of composites. This review summarizes the main types and properties of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials as well as aliphatic polyesters used to produce composites with cellulose. In addition, the methods for noncovalent and covalent modification of cellulose materials with small molecules, polymers and nanoparticles have been comprehensively overviewed and discussed. Composite fabrication techniques, as well as the effect of cellulose modification on the mechanical and thermal properties, rate of degradation, and biological compatibility have been also analyzed.
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25
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Aliotta L, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. A Brief Review of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Main Copolymers: Synthesis, Blends, Composites, Biodegradability, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040844. [PMID: 35215757 PMCID: PMC8963078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PBS, an acronym for poly (butylene succinate), is an aliphatic polyester that is attracting increasing attention due to the possibility of bio-based production, as well as its balanced properties, enhanced processability, and excellent biodegradability. This brief review has the aim to provide the status concerning the synthesis, production, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties underlying biodegradation ability, and major applications of PBS and its principal copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
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K S S, Ravji Paghadar B, Kumar SP, R L J. Polybutylene Succinate, A potential bio-degradable polymer: Synthesis, copolymerization And Bio-degradation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) is one of the emerging bio-degradable polymer, which has huge potential to be employed in a wide range of applications. Further, it is also recognized as one of...
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Analysis of Selected Properties of Injection Moulded Sustainable Biocomposites from Poly(butylene succinate) and Wheat Bran. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227049. [PMID: 34832449 PMCID: PMC8623204 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a procedure of the manufacturing and complex analysis of the properties of injection mouldings made of polymeric composites based on the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix with the addition of a natural filler in the form of wheat bran (WB). The scope of the research included measurements of processing shrinkage and density, analysis of the chemical structure, measurements of the thermal and thermo-mechanical properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and Vicat Softening Temperature (VST)), and measurements of the mechanical properties (hardness, impact strength, and static tensile test). The measurements were performed using design of experiment (DOE) methods, which made it possible to determine the investigated relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The mass content of the filler and the extruder screw speed during the production of the biocomposite granulate, which was used for the injection moulding of the test samples, constituted the variable factors adopted in the DOE. The study showed significant differences in the processing, thermal, and mechanical properties studied for individual systems of the DOE.
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Fabrication, Tensile Properties, and Photodecomposition of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Cellulose Acetate Matrix Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223944. [PMID: 34833248 PMCID: PMC8622400 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) is widely used as an alternative to conventional plastics because of the minor environmental impact of its decomposition cycle. This study synthesized five-layer environmentally friendly composites from CA bioplastic and basalt fibers (BFs) to produce a high-strength marine-biodegradable polymer. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was mixed with CA as a surface-active agent (SAA) to understand the effect of surface treatment on the mechanical properties of the composite. Tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to observe the fracture surfaces. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the BF/CA composite increased by approximately a factor of 4 after adding 11 vol.% unidirectional BF. When the SAA was added, the UTS of the composite with 11 vol.% BF was multiplied by a factor of about 7, which indicates that the surface treatment has a significant positive effect on the mechanical properties. However, the improvement is not apparent when the added BFs are in a plain weave with a vertical orientation. A photodecomposition experiment was then conducted by adding TiO2. Observing the UTS changes of the CA and BF/CA composites, the effect of the photocatalyst on the decomposition of the materials was explored.
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Farokhi Nejad A, Bin Salim MY, Rahimian Koloor SS, Petrik S, Yahya MY, Abu Hassan S, Mohd Shah MK. Hybrid and Synthetic FRP Composites under Different Strain Rates: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193400. [PMID: 34641214 PMCID: PMC8512645 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a high-demand material, polymer matrix composites are being used in many advanced industrial applications. Due to ecological issues in the past decade, some attention has been paid to the use of natural fibers. However, using only natural fibers is not desirable for advanced applications. Therefore, hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers appears to be a good solution for the next generation of polymeric composite structures. Composite structures are normally made for various harsh operational conditions, and studies on loading rate and strain-dependency are essential in the design stage of the structures. This review aimed to highlight the different materials’ content of hybrid composites in the literature, while addressing the different methods of material characterization for various ranges of strain rates. In addition, this work covers the testing methods, possible failure, and damage mechanisms of hybrid and synthetic FRP composites. Some studies about different numerical models and analytical methods that are applicable for composite structures under different strain rates are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farokhi Nejad
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Solid Mechanics, AMICI R&D Group, Tehran 1474585745, Iran
| | - Mohamad Yusuf Bin Salim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.Y.B.S.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.R.K.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Stanislav Petrik
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Mohd Yazid Yahya
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.Y.B.S.); (S.A.H.)
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.R.K.); (M.Y.Y.)
| | - Shukur Abu Hassan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.Y.B.S.); (S.A.H.)
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kamal Mohd Shah
- Advanced Composite and Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
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Beghetto V, Sole R, Buranello C, Al-Abkal M, Facchin M. Recent Advancements in Plastic Packaging Recycling: A Mini-Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4782. [PMID: 34500870 PMCID: PMC8432502 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Today, the scientific community is facing crucial challenges in delivering a healthier world for future generations. Among these, the quest for circular and sustainable approaches for plastic recycling is one of the most demanding for several reasons. Indeed, the massive use of plastic materials over the last century has generated large amounts of long-lasting waste, which, for much time, has not been object of adequate recovery and disposal politics. Most of this waste is generated by packaging materials. Nevertheless, in the last decade, a new trend imposed by environmental concerns brought this topic under the magnifying glass, as testified by the increasing number of related publications. Several methods have been proposed for the recycling of polymeric plastic materials based on chemical or mechanical methods. A panorama of the most promising studies related to the recycling of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) is given within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy; (R.S.); (C.B.); (M.A.-A.); (M.F.)
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Roberto Sole
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy; (R.S.); (C.B.); (M.A.-A.); (M.F.)
| | - Chiara Buranello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy; (R.S.); (C.B.); (M.A.-A.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Al-Abkal
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy; (R.S.); (C.B.); (M.A.-A.); (M.F.)
| | - Manuela Facchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy; (R.S.); (C.B.); (M.A.-A.); (M.F.)
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