1
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Abouelnaga AM, El Nahrawy AM. Spectroscopic investigation, dielectric and antimicrobial properties of chitin-cellulose@ZnO/CuO conductive nanocomposites. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124646. [PMID: 38875926 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In this research, we fabricated a functional conductive nanocomposite with valuable properties through a chitin (CH) and cellulose (CE) polymerization process, incorporating ZnO/(0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mol.%) CuO bioactive nanoparticles. These bioactive nanoparticles, synthesized through sol-gel and polymerization interactions, greatly enhanced the structural, dielectric, and antimicrobial characteristics of CH-CE@ZnO/CuO conductive nanocomposites. The morphological analysis revealed that these nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 11-25 nm, formed covalent bonds with the membrane matrix, bolstering the conductive nanocomposites ' structural integrity and dielectric performance. The dielectric properties of the conductive nanocomposites were significantly enhanced by the even distribution of ZnO/CuO nanoparticles within the CH-CE composite. Additionally, antimicrobial assessments demonstrated that the CH-CE@ZnO/CuO conductive nanocomposites displayed significant antibacterial properties against the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showcasing their potential as active packaging materials for electronic, biosensors, and sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany M El Nahrawy
- Solid State Physics Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Ramesh M, Ravikanth D, Selvan MT, Sahayaraj AF, Saravanakumar A. Extraction and characterization of Bougainvillea glabra fibers: A study on chemical, physical, mechanical and morphological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133787. [PMID: 38992535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Bougainvillea glabra fibers (BGFs) present a promising avenue for sustainable material development owing to their abundance and favorable properties. This study entails a thorough investigation into the composition, physical characteristics, mechanical behavior, structural properties, thermal stability, and hydrothermal absorption behavior of BGFs. Chemical analysis reveals the predominant presence of cellulose (68.92 %), accompanied by notable proportions of hemicellulose (12.64 %), lignin (9.56 %), wax (3.72 %), moisture (11.78 %), and ash (1.75 %). Physical measurements ascertain a mean fiber diameter of approximately 232.63 ± 8.59 μm, while tensile testing demonstrates exceptional strength, with stress values ranging from 120 ± 18.26 MPa to a maximum of 770 ± 23.19 MPa at varying strains. X-ray diffraction (XRD) elucidates a crystalline index (CI) of 68.17 % and a crystallite size (CS) of 9.42 nm, indicative of a well-defined crystalline structure within the fibers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the presence of characteristic functional groups associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, wax, and water content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) delineates distinct thermal degradation stages, with onset temperatures ranging from 102.76 °C for water loss to 567.55 °C for ash formation. Furthermore, hydrothermal absorption behavior exhibits temperature and time-dependent trends, with absorption percentages ranging from 15.26 % to 32.19 % at temperatures between 30 °C and 108 °C and varying exposure durations. These comprehensive findings provide essential insights into the properties and potential applications of BGFs in diverse fields such as bio-composites, textiles, and environmentally friendly packaging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641402, India
| | - D Ravikanth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KSRM College of Engineering, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516003, India
| | - M Tamil Selvan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641105, India
| | - A Felix Sahayaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641402, India.
| | - A Saravanakumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641105, India
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3
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Abd Manaf M, Harun S, Md. Jahim J, Sajab MS, Ibrahim Z. Synergistic sequential oxidative extraction for nanofibrillated cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299312. [PMID: 38843202 PMCID: PMC11156338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive study of sequential oxidative extraction (SOE) consisting of alkaline and acidic oxidation processes to extract nanocellulose from plant biomass. This proposed process is advantageous as its operation requires a minimum process with mild solvents, and yet successfully isolated high-quality nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from raw OPEFB. The SOE involved ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 2.6 M) and formic acid (HCOOH, 5.3 M) catalyzed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 3.2 M). This approach was used to efficiently solubilize the lignin and hemicellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) at the temperature of 100°C and 1 h extraction time, which managed to retain fibrous NFC. The extracted solid and liquor at each stage were studied extensively through physiochemical analysis. The finding indicated that approximately 75.3%dwb of hemicellulose, 68.9%dwb of lignin, and 42.0%dwb of extractive were solubilized in the first SOE cycle, while the second SOE cycle resulted in 92.3%dwb, 99.6%dwb and 99.8%dwb of solubilized hemicellulose, lignin, and extractive/ash, respectively. High-quality NFC (75.52%dwb) was obtained for the final extracted solid with 76.4% crystallinity, which is near the crystallinity of standard commercial NFC. The proposed process possesses an effective synergy in producing NFC from raw OPEFB with less cellulose degradation, and most of the degraded hemicellulose and lignin are solubilized in the liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Abd Manaf
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaida Harun
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Chemical Engineering Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah Md. Jahim
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Chemical Engineering Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Chemical Engineering Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Electrical Engineering Technology Department, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
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4
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Ramli NA, Adam F, Ries ME, Ibrahim SF. DES-ultrasonication treatment of cellulose nanocrystals and the reinforcement in carrageenan biocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132385. [PMID: 38754668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CNCs are intensively studied to reinforce biocomposites. However, it remains a challenge to homogeneously disperse the CNC in biocomposites for a smooth film surface. Mechanochemical treatment via ultrasonication in deep eutectic solvent (DES) generated a stable dispersion of CNC before incorporation into carrageenan biocomposite. Shifted peaks of choline chloride (ChCl) methylene groups to 3.95-3.98 ppm in 1H NMR indicated a formation of eutectic mixture between the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at the functional group of CH3···OH. The swelling of CNC in the DES was proven by the formation of intermolecular H-bond at a length of 2.46 Å. The use of DES contributed to a good dispersion of CNC in the solution which increased zeta potential by 43.2 % compared to CNC in deionized water. The ultrasonication amplitude and feed concentration were varied for the best parameters of a stable dispersion of CNC. The crystallinity of 1 wt% of CNC at 20 % sonication amplitude improved from 76 to 81 %. The high crystallinity of CNCDES resulted in an increase in film tensile and capsule loop strength of Carra-CNCDES by 20.7 and 19.4 %, respectively. Improved dispersion of CNCDES reduced the surface roughness of the biocomposite by 21.8 %. H-bond network in CNCDES improved the biocomposite properties for an ingenious reinforcement material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amalina Ramli
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Fatmawati Adam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Michael E Ries
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - S Fatimah Ibrahim
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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5
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Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Abral H, Zainudin ES, Aziz FA. An examination of recent research of water absorption behavior of natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131845. [PMID: 38677695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have begun focusing on developing biodegradable materials, such as natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPC), since the growing of environmental concerns related to waste management. One crucial aspect that must be established in the development of these composites is their water-absorption behavior. This paper examines the water absorption (WA) behavior of NFPC, with a specific emphasis on natural fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites. It discusses processes and numerous aspects related to this behavior, based on recent published research. This review analyzes the influence of several factors, such as the loading of natural fiber, the combination of different natural fibers, the methods used in manufacturing, and the temperature of the water, on the WA behavior of natural fiber/PLA composites. It also explores how WA affects the properties of these composites. In addition, this review also presented techniques for improving the WA resistance of the composites. This review paper provides researchers with insights into the WA behavior of the composites, aiming to facilitate the development of a versatile and eco-friendly material that may effectively address waste disposal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adlan Azka
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - E S Zainudin
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faieza Abdul Aziz
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Phumma R, Phamonpon W, Rodthongkum N, Ummartyotin S. Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticle Loaded into Nanocellulose Derived from Hemp and Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Composite as an Electrode for Electrochemical Sensors for Lactate Determination. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10371-10379. [PMID: 38463284 PMCID: PMC10918782 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose derived from hemp (HNC) with the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is utilized for improving the electrochemical sensing performances for lactate detection. Initially, HNC is chemically extracted and purified by using alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis. Then, AgNPs are nucleated in situ by the self-reduction process prior to forming a composite with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). This nanocomposite significantly improves the electrochemical properties of the electrode, including electrochemical conductivity and electrocatalysis. The morphologies and chemical alterations of the HNC/AgNPs-PVA nanocomposite are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. It demonstrates a three-dimensional network with random orientation of the nanocellulose fiber. The AgNPs are well-dispersed in the nanocomposite. Moreover, the nanocomposite provides high thermal stability up to 450 °C. Then, it is remarkably noted that 10 wt % HNC/AgNPs-PVA modified on the electrode provides the highest current responses, with a standard redox couple [(Fe(CN)6]3-/4-]. For lactate detection, this modified screen-printed graphene electrode with nonimmobilized lactate oxidase exhibits an increase in the current signal with the increment of lactate concentration and offered a linear range of 0-25 mM, covering a cutoff value (12.5 mM) for muscle fatigue indication. Eventually, this sensor is successfully applied for lactate detection with high potential for a wearable lactate sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Phumma
- Department
of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wisarttra Phamonpon
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nadnudda Rodthongkum
- Metallurgy
and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department
of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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7
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Mehrabianfar P, Momeni M, Razzaghi-Koolaee F, Eslahati M, Malmir P, Soltani Soulgani B. Introduction of a novel mathematical model for the prediction of the preformed particle gel's swelling in the presence of monovalent and divalent ions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3243. [PMID: 38332039 PMCID: PMC10853511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess water production is one of the challenges that can cause several operational and economic problems. In this work, a comprehensive study of the PPG swelling in the presence of monovalent and divalent ions was conducted. Then, a comprehensive and practical mathematical modified fractal grow (MFG) model that can calculate the amount of PPG swelling in different salinities overtime was introduced. The output of the model was compared with the experimental data and showed a matching of about 80%. The viscosity of the PPGs at various shear rates was studied and matched with the cross-viscosity model. To assess the thermal stability of the particle gels. The TGA result represented the 10% of weight loss up to the reservoir temperature. In the following, core flooding tests with different injection scenarios were conducted. The oil recovery for the water and water/PPG/water scenarios were 39.5% and 71.5%, respectively. Eventually, the relative permeability curves were plotted using the Corey approach, and the effect of the PPG injection on the relative permeability curves was shown. The PPG injection increased oil production and reduced the excess water production by reducing water mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Mehrabianfar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Momeni
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Research and Development, Farasakou Asaluyeh Company, Asaluyeh, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farnam Razzaghi-Koolaee
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslahati
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourya Malmir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
- Upstream Petroleum Industry Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Soltani Soulgani
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Lin SY, Ahmad N, Jeffrey Kuo CF. Study of Synthesis of Dual-Curing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive and Optimization by Using Gray Relational Analysis to Apply in Fabric Industry to Solve Seamless Bonding Issues. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:467. [PMID: 38399845 PMCID: PMC10892432 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
People wear clothes for warmth, survival and necessity in modern life, but in the modern era, eco-friendliness, shortened production times, design and intelligence also matter. To determine the relationship between data series and verify the proximity of each data series, a gray relational analysis, or GRA, is applied to textiles, where seamless bonding technology enhances the bond between components. In this study, a polyurethane prepolymer, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as an end-capping agent and n-octyl acrylate (ODA) as a photoinitiator were used to synthesize a dual-curing polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. Taguchi quality engineering and a gray relational analysis were used to discuss the influence of different mole ratios of NCO:OH and the effect of the molar ratio of the addition of octyl decyl acrylate on the mechanical strength. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed the termination of the prepolymer's polymerization reaction and the C=O peak intensity at 1730 cm-1, indicating efficient bonding to the main chain. Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) was used to investigate the high-molecular-weight (20,000-30,000) polyurethane polymer bonded with octyl decyl acrylate to achieve a photothermosetting effect. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive also increased, and they showed the highest pyrolysis temperature (349.89 °C) for the polyhydric alcohols. Furthermore, high peel strength (1.68 kg/cm) and shear strength (34.94 kg/cm2) values were detected with the dual-cure photothermosetting polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The signal-to-noise ratio was also used to generate the gray relational degree. It was observed that the best parameter ratio of NCO:OH was 4:1 with five moles of monomer. The Taguchi quality engineering method was used to find the parameters of single-quality optimization, and then the gray relation calculation was used to obtain the parameter combination of multi-quality optimization for thermosetting the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The study aims to meet the requirements of seamless bonding in textile factories and optimize experimental parameter design by setting target values that can effectively increase production speed and reduce processing time and costs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (N.A.)
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9
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Ismayati M, Fatah NAN, Ernawati EE, Juliandri, Kusumaningrum WB, Lubis MAR, Fatriasari W, Solihat NN, Sari FP, Halim A, Cholilie IA, Tobimatsu Y. Antioxidant and UV-blocking activity of PVA/tannin-based bioplastics in food packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128332. [PMID: 38043664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bioplastics with antioxidant and UV protection properties based on tannin and PVA were created for packaging uses. Using a hot water extraction method at various extraction temperatures (60-100 °C), tannins were removed from the bark of Acacia mangium. Tannins with the best antioxidant activity were extracted at 80 °C. In order to create bioplastic formulations (PVA/Tannins), the extract is then employed. The non-heating bioplastic method's preparation (M3) stage produced the highest levels of antioxidant activity. Therefore, subsequent tests were conducted using the non-heating method (M3). On the opacity, UV protective activity, antioxidant capacity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and water vapor permeability of the resultant bioplastics, the impact of tannin concentration (0.1-0.5 g) was examined. The findings of the experiments demonstrate that PVA/Tannin bioplastics are less transparent than pure PVA. The PVA/tannin bioplastics that are formed, on the whole, show strong antioxidant and UV protection action. Comparing PVA/Tannin bioplastics to pure PVA also revealed a small improvement in thermal stability and tensile strength. In PVA bioplastics with resistant tannins, moisture content was marginally greater even at low tannin concentrations (0.1 g). Based on the findings, bioplastics made from PVA and the tannin A. mangium have the potential to be used to create packaging that is UV and active antioxidant resistant. It can be applied as the second (inner) layer of the primary packaging to protect food freshness and nutrition due to their antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ismayati
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Netha Amelia Nur Fatah
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Engela Evy Ernawati
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Juliandri
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Wida Banar Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Adly R Lubis
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
| | - Fahriya Puspita Sari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Halim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia, Gresik 61122, Indonesia
| | - Irvan Adhin Cholilie
- Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia, Gresik 61122, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Mashhadi E, Safaei-Ghomi J. Sulfonated magnetic spirulina nanobiomaterial as a novel and environmentally friendly catalyst for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in aqueous medium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2296. [PMID: 38280917 PMCID: PMC10821933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirulina algae is an excellent candidate for catalyst preparation due to its reactive functional groups, cost-effectiveness, widespread commercial accessibility, and biodegradability. In this study, magnetized Spirulina was used for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones (DHQZs) as catalyst. Magnetized Spirulina was produced by CoFe2O4 and sulfonation method using chlorosulfonic acid to create the catalyst [CoFe2O4-Sp-SO3H]. It was affirmed by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and elemental mapping techniques. DHQZs synthesis was accomplished through a concise one-pot, three-component reaction involving a range of diverse aldehydes, isatoic anhydride, and primary aromatic amine, within an aqueous medium. The method offers several advantages, including using green conditions, the generation of several new 2-furan-quinazolinone derivatives, chromatography-free purification, short reaction times, appropriate yield of product (75-96%), and catalyst recyclability. The proposed catalyst and water as solvent demonstrated a strong synergistic effect, leading to the prosperous synthesis of various novel dihydroquinazolinones at 60 °C. These numerous benefits make our approach highly attractive for academic research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mashhadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javad Safaei-Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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11
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Eluu SC, Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Yiporo D, Oko AO, Aina T, Oparah JC, Ezeala CC, Etinosa PO, Ugwu CM, Esimone CO, Soboyejo WO. In-vivo studies of targeted and localized cancer drug release from microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31. [PMID: 38167999 PMCID: PMC10761815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging and frequently characterized by an aggressive phenotype and low prognosis in comparison to other subtypes. This paper presents fabricated implantable drug-loaded microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the delivery of targeted therapeutic agents [Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated paclitaxel (PTX-LHRH) and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated prodigiosin (PG-LHRH)] for the treatment and possible prevention of triple-negative cancer recurrence. In vitro assessment using the Alamar blue assay demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in percentage of cell growth in a time-dependent manner in the groups treated with PG, PG-LHRH, PTX, and PTX-LHRH. Subcutaneous triple-negative xenograft breast tumors were then induced in athymic female nude mice that were four weeks old. Two weeks later, the tumors were surgically but partially removed, and the device implanted. Mice were observed for tumor regrowth and organ toxicity. The animal study revealed that there was no tumor regrowth, six weeks post-treatment, when the LHRH targeted drugs (LHRH-PTX and LHRH-PGS) were used for the treatment. The possible cytotoxic effects of the released drugs on the liver, kidney, and lung are assessed using quantitative biochemical assay from blood samples of the treatment groups. Ex vivo histopathological results from organ tissues showed that the targeted cancer drugs released from the implantable drug-loaded device did not induce any adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, or lungs, based on the results of qualitative toxicity studies. The implications of the results are discussed for the targeted and localized treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Eluu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Engineering, Morrissey College of Arts and Science, Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - D Yiporo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana
| | - A O Oko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal, University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Nigeria
| | - T Aina
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J C Oparah
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C C Ezeala
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - P O Etinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - C M Ugwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C O Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 100 Seymour Rd, Utica, NY, 13502, USA.
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12
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Ren Y, Ling Z, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Layer-by-layer assembly induced strong, hydrophobic and anti-bacterial TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils films for highly efficient UV-shielding and oil-water separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126486. [PMID: 37633559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-ultraviolet material with cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and multifunction is urgently needed to address the serious problem of ultraviolet radiation. However, traditional anti-ultraviolet products based on plastics are unsustainable and harmful to the environment. Herein, the cellulose films with a sandwich structure using a surface assembly technique were reported. Natural L-phenylalanine was grafted onto cellulose nanofibrils via amidation to enhance their UV-shielding property. To address the hydrophilic nature and limited mechanical strength of cellulose films, we employed octadecyltrichlorosilane and 4ARM-PEG-NH2 for hydrophobic coating and mechanical reinforcement, respectively. In addition to providing complete UV resistance in the wavelength range of 200-320 nm, sample OPT5 exhibited significantly improved tensile stress, Young's modulus, and toughness, measuring 174.09 MPa, 71.11 MPa, and 295.33 MJ/m3, respectively. Furthermore, due to the presence of antibacterial amine groups, the modified film demonstrated a satisfactory inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Compared to natural cellulose films, the hydrophobically modified material achieved a contact angle of up to 121.1°, which enabled efficient separation of oil-water mixtures with a maximum separation efficiency of 93.87 %. In summary, the proposed TOCNF-based UV-shielding film with multifunctionality holds great potential for replacing petrochemical-derived plastics and serving as an applicable and sustainable membrane material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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13
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Wang Z, Huang H, Wang Y, Zhou M, Zhai W. A Review of the Preparation of Porous Fibers and Porous Parts by a Novel Micro-Extrusion Foaming Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:172. [PMID: 38204024 PMCID: PMC10779666 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review introduces an innovative technology termed "Micro-Extrusion Foaming (MEF)", which amalgamates the merits of physical foaming and 3D printing. It presents a groundbreaking approach to producing porous polymer fibers and parts. Conventional methods for creating porous materials often encounter obstacles such as the extensive use of organic solvents, intricate processing, and suboptimal production efficiency. The MEF technique surmounts these challenges by initially saturating a polymer filament with compressed CO2 or N2, followed by cell nucleation and growth during the molten extrusion process. This technology offers manifold advantages, encompassing an adjustable pore size and porosity, environmental friendliness, high processing efficiency, and compatibility with diverse polymer materials. The review meticulously elucidates the principles and fabrication process integral to MEF, encompassing the creation of porous fibers through the elongational behavior of foamed melts and the generation of porous parts through the stacking of foamed melts. Furthermore, the review explores the varied applications of this technology across diverse fields and imparts insights for future directions and challenges. These include augmenting material performance, refining fabrication processes, and broadening the scope of applications. MEF technology holds immense potential in the realm of porous material preparation, heralding noteworthy advancements and innovations in manufacturing and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Z.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.)
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14
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Cheng X, Luo T, Chu F, Feng B, Zhong S, Chen F, Dong J, Zeng W. Simultaneous detection and removal of mercury (II) using multifunctional fluorescent materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167070. [PMID: 37714350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by mercury ions are increasing due to growing industrialization, poor enforcement, and inefficient pollutant treatment. Therefore, detecting and removing mercury from the ecological chain is of utmost significance. Currently, a wide range of small molecules and nanomaterials have made remarkable progress in the detection, detoxification, adsorption, and removal of mercury. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the design and construction of multifunctional materials, detailed their sensing and removing mechanisms, and discussed with emphasis the advantages and disadvantages of different types of sensors. Finally, we elucidated the problems and challenges of current multifunctional materials and further pointed out the direction for the future development of related materials. This review is expected to provide a guideline for researchers to establish a robust strategy for the detection and removal of mercury ionsin the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Feiyi Chu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shibo Zhong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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15
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Şen Ö, Emanet M, Mazzuferi M, Bartolucci M, Catalano F, Prato M, Moscato S, Marino A, De Pasquale D, Pugliese G, Bonaccorso F, Pellegrini V, Castillo AEDR, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Microglia Polarization and Antiglioma Effects Fostered by Dual Cell Membrane-Coated Doxorubicin-Loaded Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58260-58273. [PMID: 38051559 PMCID: PMC10739601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells play a critical role in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression, which is considered a highly malignant brain cancer. The activation of microglia can either promote or inhibit GBM growth depending on the stage of the tumor development and on the microenvironment conditions. The current treatments for GBM have limited efficacy; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel and efficient strategies for drug delivery and targeting: in this context, a promising strategy consists of using nanoplatforms. This study investigates the microglial response and the therapeutic efficacy of dual-cell membrane-coated and doxorubicin-loaded hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes tested on human microglia and GBM cells. Obtained results show promising therapeutic effects on glioma cells and an M2 microglia polarization, which refers to a specific phenotype or activation state that is associated with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair functions, highlighted through proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Şen
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Melis Emanet
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzuferi
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
- Department
of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core
Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Giammarino Pugliese
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
SPA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, Genova 16163, Italy
- Graphene
Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- BeDimensional
SPA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, Genova 16163, Italy
- Graphene
Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Petretto
- Core
Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
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16
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Camillo MDO, Gonçalves BMM, Candido VS, Dias LDC, Moulin JC, Monteiro SN, Oliveira MP. Assessment of Hydrothermal Treatment Effects on Coir Fibers for Incorporation into Polyurethane Matrix Biocomposites Derived from Castor Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4614. [PMID: 38232049 PMCID: PMC10708770 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of natural lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcements in polymer composites has witnessed significant growth due to their biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and mechanical properties. This study aims to evaluate castor-oil-based polyurethane (COPU), incorporating different contents of coconut coir fibers, 5, 10, and 15 wt%. The investigation includes analysis of the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of these composites. Additionally, this study evaluates the influence of hydrothermal treatment on the fibers, conducted at 120 °C and 98 kPa for 30 min, on the biocomposites' properties. Both coir fibers (CFs) and hydrothermal-treated coir fibers (HTCFs) were subjected to comprehensive characterization, including lignocellulosic composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biocomposites were subjected to water absorption analysis, bending tests, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The results indicate that the 30 min hydrothermal treatment reduces the extractive content, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, as evidenced by SEM. Notably, the composite containing 5 wt% CF exhibits a reduced water absorption, approaching the level observed in pure COPU. The inclusion of 15 wt% HTCF results in a remarkable improvement in the composite's flexural strength (100%), elastic modulus (98%), and toughness (280%) compared to neat COPU. TGA highlights that incorporating CFs into the COPU matrix enhances the material's thermal stability, allowing it to withstand temperatures of up to 500 °C. These findings underscore the potential of CFs as a ductile, lightweight, and cost-effective reinforcement in COPU matrix biocomposites, particularly for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara de Oliveira Camillo
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil; (M.d.O.C.); (B.M.M.G.); (L.D.C.D.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Bárbara Maria Mateus Gonçalves
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil; (M.d.O.C.); (B.M.M.G.); (L.D.C.D.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Veronica Scarpini Candido
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará, Ananindeua 67140-709, PA, Brazil;
| | - Luciano Da Costa Dias
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil; (M.d.O.C.); (B.M.M.G.); (L.D.C.D.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jordão Cabral Moulin
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil; (M.d.O.C.); (B.M.M.G.); (L.D.C.D.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Materials Science Program, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michel Picanço Oliveira
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil; (M.d.O.C.); (B.M.M.G.); (L.D.C.D.); (J.C.M.)
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17
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Yahya A, Adeleke AA, Nzerem P, Ikubanni PP, Ayuba S, Rasheed HA, Gimba A, Okafor I, Okolie JA, Paramasivam P. Comprehensive Characterization of Some Selected Biomass for Bioenergy Production. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43771-43791. [PMID: 38027312 PMCID: PMC10666240 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of information about the detailed characterization of biomass of Nigerian origin. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of six biomass, groundnut shells, corncob, cashew leaves, Ixora coccinea (flame of the woods), sawdust, and lemongrass, to aid appropriate selection for bio-oil production. The proximate, ultimate, calorific value and compositional analyses were carried out following the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence were employed in this study for functional group analyses, thermal stability, and structural analyses. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios, fuel ratio, ignitability index, and combustibility index of the biomass samples were evaluated. Groundnut shells, cashew leaves, and lemongrass were identified as promising feedstocks for bio-oil production based on their calorific values (>20 MJ/kg). Sawdust exhibited favorable characteristics for bio-oil production as indicated by its higher volatile matter (79.28%), low ash content (1.53%), low moisture content (6.18%), and high fixed carbon content (13.01%). Also, all samples showed favorable ignition and flammability properties. The low nitrogen (<0.12%) and sulfur (<0.04%) contents in the samples make them environmentally benign fuels as a lower percentage of NOx and SOx will be released during the production of the bio-oil. These results are contributions to the advancement of a sustainable and efficient carbon-neutral energy mix, promoting biomass resource utilization for the generation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmau
M. Yahya
- Department
of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A. Adeleke
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Petrus Nzerem
- Department
of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Peter P. Ikubanni
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran 251103, Nigeria
| | - Salihu Ayuba
- Department
of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Hauwa A. Rasheed
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Gimba
- Department
of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Okafor
- Department
of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Nile University
of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
| | - Jude A. Okolie
- Gallogly
College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Prabhu Paramasivam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mattu University, Mettu 318, Ethiopia
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18
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Wu Q, Lis MJ, Hinestroza JP. Fire Performance of Cotton Fabrics Coated with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-xa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ) Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4379. [PMID: 38006103 PMCID: PMC10675809 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the performance of cotton fabrics coated with DOPO-HQ and Zr-based Metal-organic Frameworks when exposed to fire. The chemical structure of the cotton fabrics before and after the coating was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, and the surface morphology of cotton and their combustion residues was probed via scanning electron microscopy. In our experiments, we used flammability tests and thermogravimetric methods to understand the burning behavior of the coated fibers, as well as their thermal stability. The cotton fabrics coated with DOPO-HQ and Zr MOFs exhibited shorter combustion times, had better thermal degradation properties, promoted the creation of heat-insulating layers, and exhibited improved smoke suppression behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wu
- Institute of Textile Research and Industrial Cooperation of Terrassa (INTEXTER), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Colón 15, 08222 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manuel José Lis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Colón 15, 08222 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P. Hinestroza
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Schreiner TG, Menéndez-González M, Adam M, Popescu BO, Szilagyi A, Stanciu GD, Tamba BI, Ciobanu RC. A Nanostructured Protein Filtration Device for Possible Use in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease-Concept and Feasibility after In Vivo Tests. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1303. [PMID: 38002427 PMCID: PMC10669467 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with other neurodegenerative disorders, remains a challenge for clinicians, mainly because of the incomplete knowledge surrounding its etiology and inefficient therapeutic options. Considering the central role of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the onset and evolution of AD, Aβ-targeted therapies are among the most promising research directions. In the context of decreased Aβ elimination from the central nervous system in the AD patient, the authors propose a novel therapeutic approach based on the "Cerebrospinal Fluid Sink Therapeutic Strategy" presented in previous works. This article aims to demonstrate the laborious process of the development and testing of an effective nanoporous ceramic filter, which is the main component of an experimental device capable of filtrating Aβ from the cerebrospinal fluid in an AD mouse model. METHODS First, the authors present the main steps needed to create a functional filtrating nanoporous ceramic filter, which represents the central part of the experimental filtration device. This process included synthesis, functionalization, and quality control of the functionalization, which were performed via various spectroscopy methods and thermal analysis, selectivity measurements, and a biocompatibility assessment. Subsequently, the prototype was implanted in APP/PS1 mice for four weeks, then removed, and the nanoporous ceramic filter was tested for its filtration capacity and potential structural damages. RESULTS In applying the multi-step protocol, the authors developed a functional Aβ-selective filtration nanoporous ceramic filter that was used within the prototype. All animal models survived the implantation procedure and had no significant adverse effects during the 4-week trial period. Post-treatment analysis of the nanoporous ceramic filter showed significant protein loading, but no complete clogging of the pores. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a nanoporous ceramic filter-based system that filtrates Aβ from the cerebrospinal fluid is a feasible and safe treatment modality in the AD mouse model. The presented prototype has a functional lifespan of around four weeks, highlighting the need to develop advanced nanoporous ceramic filters with anti-biofouling properties to ensure the long-term action of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maricel Adam
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Szilagyi
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str., No. 16, 700155 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str., No. 16, 700155 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str., No. 16, 700155 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Cristian Ciobanu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Raja T, Devarajan Y, Thanappan S. Studies on the mechanical and thermal stability of Calotropis gigantea fibre-reinforced bran nano particulates epoxy composite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16291. [PMID: 37770492 PMCID: PMC10539299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent trends, the usage of synthetic materials has been reduced by introducing natural fibres for lightweight applications. In this study, Madar (Calotropis gigantea) fibre is selected for the reinforcement phase (40%), and the epoxy polymer is blended with bran filler selected as a matrix material. To calculate hybrid composite mechanical characteristics, five composite laminates with different fibre/filler weight ratios were made. The results show that when the weight ratio of madar fibre increased, the superior mechanical properties were observed in the composite laminate sample (A), such as tensile strength (20.85 MPa), flexural strength (24.14 MPa), impact energy absorption (23 J) compared with an increasing the weight ratio of bran nanofiller to this composite material. At the same time, increasing bran nanofillers can improve thermal stability up to 445 °C of degrading temperature. To analyse the surface interaction between the madar fibres, bran nanofillers, and epoxy matrix by conducting the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis before subjecting to the mechanical test and also to identify the failure mode by conducting the SEM test after the laminates are broken during the mechanical tests of the hybrid composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandavamoorthy Raja
- Material Science Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Yuvarajan Devarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subash Thanappan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
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21
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Hussain A, Podgursky V, Goljandin D, Antonov M, Sergejev F, Krasnou I. Circular Production, Designing, and Mechanical Testing of Polypropylene-Based Reinforced Composite Materials: Statistical Analysis for Potential Automotive and Nuclear Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3410. [PMID: 37631467 PMCID: PMC10458085 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The circularity of polymer waste is an emerging field of research in Europe. In the present research, the thermal, surface, mechanical, and tribological properties of polypropylene (PP)-based composite produced by injection molding were studied. The pure PP matrix was reinforced with 10, 30, and 40% wt. of pure cotton, synthetic polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate post-consumer fibers using a combination of direct extrusion and injection molding techniques. Results indicate that PP-PCPESF-10% wt. exhibits the highest value of tensile strength (29 MPa). However, the values of tensile and flexural strain were lowered with an increase in fiber content due to the presence of micro-defects. Similarly, the values of modulus of elasticity, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact energy were enhanced due to an increase in the amount of fiber. The PP-PCCF-40% wt. shows the highest values of flexural constant (2780 MPa) and strength (57 MPa). Additionally, the increase in fiber loadings is directly proportional to the creation of micro-defects, surface roughness, abrasive wear, coefficient of friction, and erosive wear. The lowest average absolute arithmetic surface roughness value (Ra) of PP and PP-PCCF, 10% wt., were 0.19 µm and 0.28 µm. The lowest abrasive wear value of 3.09 × 10-6 mm3/Nm was found for pure PP. The erosive wear value (35 mm3/kg) of PP-PCCF 40% wt. composite material was 2 to 17 times higher than all other composite materials. Finally, the single-step analysis of variance predicts reasonable results in terms of the p-values of each composite material for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.P.); (M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Vitali Podgursky
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.P.); (M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Dmitri Goljandin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.P.); (M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Maksim Antonov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.P.); (M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Fjodor Sergejev
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.P.); (M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Illia Krasnou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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22
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Francolini I, Galantini L, Rea F, Di Cosimo C, Di Cosimo P. Polymeric Wet-Strength Agents in the Paper Industry: An Overview of Mechanisms and Current Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119268. [PMID: 37298219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric wet-strength agents are important additives used in the paper industry to improve the mechanical properties of paper products, especially when they come into contact with water. These agents play a crucial role in enhancing the durability, strength, and dimensional stability of paper products. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of wet-strength agents available and their mechanisms of action. We will also discuss the challenges associated with the use of wet-strength agents and the recent advances in the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly agents. As the demand for more sustainable and durable paper products continues to grow, the use of wet-strength agents is expected to increase in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Francolini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Rea
- Gima Water & Air s.R.l (GWA), Via Fratta Rotonda Vado Largo, 03012 Anagni, Italy
| | - Cristiano Di Cosimo
- Gima Water & Air s.R.l (GWA), Via Fratta Rotonda Vado Largo, 03012 Anagni, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Di Cosimo
- Gima Water & Air s.R.l (GWA), Via Fratta Rotonda Vado Largo, 03012 Anagni, Italy
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Fouly A, Alnaser IA, Assaifan AK, Abdo HS. Developing PMMA/Coffee Husk Green Composites to Meet the Individual Requirements of People with Disabilities: Hip Spacer Case Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040200. [PMID: 37103290 PMCID: PMC10146844 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When replacing a damaged artificial hip joint, treatment involves using antibiotic-laced bone cement as a spacer. One of the most popular materials used for spacers is PMMA; however, it has limitations in terms of mechanical and tribological properties. To overcome such limitations, the current paper proposes utilizing a natural filler, coffee husk, as a reinforcement for PMMA. The coffee husk filler was first prepared using the ball-milling technique. PMMA composites with varying weight fractions of coffee husk (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) were prepared. The hardness was measured to estimate the mechanical properties of the produced composites, and the compression test was utilized to estimate the Young modulus and compressive yield strength. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient and wear by rubbing the composite samples against stainless steel and cow bone counterparts under different normal loads. The wear mechanisms were identified via scanning electron microscopy. Finally, a finite element model for the hip joint was built to investigate the load-carrying capacity of the composites under human loading conditions. The results show that incorporating coffee husk particles can enhance both the mechanical and tribological properties of the PMMA composites. The finite element results are consistent with the experimental findings, indicating the potential of the coffee husk as a promising filler material for enhancing the performance of PMMA-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- The King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81521, Egypt
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24
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Olivito F, Algieri V, Jiritano A, Tallarida MA, Costanzo P, Maiuolo L, De Nino A. Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams for the Removal of Petroleum-Derived Pollutants: Sorption in Batch and in Continuous-Flow. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071785. [PMID: 37050399 PMCID: PMC10098679 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we evaluated the potential of two synthesized bio-based polyurethane foams, PU1 and PU2, for the removal of diesel and gasoline from water mixtures. We started the investigation with the experiment in batch. The total sorption capacity S (g/g) for the diesel/water system was slightly higher with respect to gasoline/water, with a value of 62 g/g for PU1 and 65 g/g for PU2. We found that the sorption follows a pseudo second-order kinetic model for both the materials. The experimental data showed that the best isotherm models were obtained with Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson models. In addition, to provide an idea of the process scalability for future industrial applications, we tested the sorption capacity of the foams using a continuous-flow of the same oil/water mixtures and we obtained performances even better with respect to the batch test. The regeneration can be performed up to 50 times by centrifuge, without losing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio Jiritano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Tallarida
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Alsufyani T, M'sakni NH. Part A: Biodegradable Bio-Composite Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Chaetomorpha linum into Thermoplastic Starch Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061542. [PMID: 36987321 PMCID: PMC10058665 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, macroalgae and microalgae have played a significant role in the production of organic matter, fiber, and minerals on Earth. They contribute to both technical and medicinal applications as well as being a healthy and nutritious food for humans and animals. The theme of this work concerns the development and exploitation of Chaetomorpha linum (C. linum) biomass, through the elaboration of a new starch-based composite film reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals (CL-CNC) derived from C. linum. The first step involves the chemical extraction of CL-CNC from dry C. linum algae biomass. To achieve this, three types of cyclic treatment were adopted: alkalinization (sodium hydroxide) followed by bleaching (sodium hypochlorite) and acid hydrolysis (hydrochloric acid). We then studied the optimization of the development of bio-composite films based on corn starch (CS) reinforced by CL-CNC. These polymeric films were produced using the solution-casting technique followed by the thermal evaporation process. Structure and interactions were modified by using different amounts of glycerol plasticizers (20% and 50%) and different CS:CNC ratios (7:3 and 8:2). These materials were characterized by UV visible (UV/Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) spectroscopy to understand structure-property relationships. The result revealed that the best matrix composition is 7:3 (CS: CL-CNC) with 50% glycerol, which reflects that the reinforcing effect of CL-CNC was greater in bio-composites prepared with a 50% plasticizer, revealing the formation of hydrogen bonds between CL-CNC and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Alsufyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Houda M'sakni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Science, Monastir University, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
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26
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Wheat thermoplastic starch composite films reinforced with nanocellulose. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The rising costs of non-renewable plastic and environmental concerns with their industrial usage have encouraged the study and development of renewable products. As an alternative, biological-based materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing non-renewable plastic in a variety of applications. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch is vital in the biopolymer industry. Wheat thermoplastic starch exhibits useable properties when plasticizers, elevated temperatures and shear are present. Thus, make it very suitable to be used as packaging material. However, this material suffers from low mechanical properties, which limit its applications. Several studies looked at the feasibility of using plant components which is nanocellulose as a reinforcing agent in wheat starch thermoplastic composites. Overall, the addition of nanocellulose can improve the performance of wheat thermoplastic starch, especially for its mechanical properties. It can potentially be used in several areas of packaging and biomedical. The objective of this review is to discuss several achievements regarding wheat starch/nanocellulose-based composites. Several important aspects of the mechanical performance and the thermal properties of the composites were evaluated. The discussion on wheat starch and nanocellulose was also tackled in this review.
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Ramli R, Chai AB, Kamaruddin S, Ho JH, Mohd. Rasdi FR, De Focatiis DSA, Ong SK, Bachmann RT. Effects of oil palm trunk biochar on the thermal stability and acoustic properties of specialty natural rubber latex foam. J RUBBER RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-023-00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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28
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Comparative Evaluation of the Stiffness of Abaca-Fiber-Reinforced Bio-Polyethylene and High Density Polyethylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051096. [PMID: 36904336 PMCID: PMC10006884 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bio-based matrices together with natural fibers as reinforcement is a strategy for obtaining materials with competitive mechanical properties, costs, and environmental impacts. However, bio-based matrices, unknown by the industry, can be a market entry barrier. The use of bio-polyethylene, which has properties similar to polyethylene, can overcome that barrier. In this study, composites reinforced with abaca fibers used as reinforcement for bio-polyethylene and high density polyethylene are prepared and tensile tested. A micromechanics analysis is deployed to measure the contributions of the matrices and reinforcements and to measure the evolution of these contributions regarding AF content and matrix nature. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites with bio-polyethylene as a matrix were slightly higher than those of the composites with polyethylene as a matrix. It was also found that the contribution of the fibers to the Young's moduli of the composites was susceptible to the percentage of reinforcement and the nature of the matrices. The results show that it is possible to obtain fully bio-based composites with mechanical properties similar to those of partially bio-based polyolefin or even some forms of glass fiber-reinforced polyolefin.
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Bhowmik P, Kant R, Singh H. Effect of Degumming Duration on the Behavior of Waste Filature Silk-Reinforced Wheat Gluten Composite for Sustainable Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6268-6278. [PMID: 36844546 PMCID: PMC9948187 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm silk proteins are of great importance in several fields of science owing to their outstanding properties. India generates waste silk fibers, also known as waste filature silk, in abundance. Utilizing waste filature silk as reinforcement in biopolymers enhances its physiochemical properties. However, the hydrophilic sericin layer on the surface of the fibers makes it very difficult to have proper fiber-matrix adhesion. Thus, degumming the fiber surface allows better control of the fiber properties. The present study uses filature silk (Bombyx mori) as fiber reinforcement to prepare wheat gluten-based natural composites for low-strength green applications. The fibers were degummed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution from a 0 to 12 h duration, and composites were prepared from them. The analysis exhibited optimized fiber treatment duration and its effect on the composite properties. The traces of the sericin layer were found before 6 h of fiber treatment, which interrupted homogeneous fiber-matrix adhesion in the composite. The X-ray diffraction study showed enhanced crystallinity of the degummed fibers. The FTIR study of the prepared composites with degummed fibers showed that shifted peaks toward lower wavenumbers supported better bonding among the constituents. Similarly, the tensile and impact strength of the composite made of 6 h of degummed fibers showed better mechanical properties than others. The same can be validated with the SEM analysis and TGA as well. This study also showed that prolonged exposure to alkali solution reduces the fiber properties, thus reducing composite properties too. As a green alternative, the prepared composite sheets can potentially be applied in manufacturing seedling trays and one-time nursery pots.
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Puițel AC, Suditu GD, Drăgoi EN, Danu M, Ailiesei GL, Balan CD, Chicet DL, Nechita MT. Optimization of Alkaline Extraction of Xylan-Based Hemicelluloses from Wheat Straws: Effects of Microwave, Ultrasound, and Freeze-Thaw Cycles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041038. [PMID: 36850320 PMCID: PMC9963123 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaline extraction of hemicelluloses from a mixture of three varieties of wheat straw (containing 40.1% cellulose, 20.23% xylan, and 26.2% hemicellulose) was analyzed considering the following complementary pre-treatments: freeze-thaw cycles, microwaves, and ultrasounds. The two cycles freeze-thaw approach was selected based on simplicity and energy savings for further analysis and optimization. Experiments planned with Design Expert were performed. The regression model determined through the response surface methodology based on the severity factor (defined as a function of time and temperature) and alkali concentration as variables was then used to optimize the process in a multi-objective case considering the possibility of further use for pulping. To show the properties and chemical structure of the separated hemicelluloses, several analytical methods were used: high-performance chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry analysis (TG, DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The verified experimental optimization result indicated the possibility of obtaining hemicelluloses material containing 3.40% glucan, 85.51% xylan, and 7.89% arabinan. The association of hot alkaline extraction with two freeze-thaw cycles allows the partial preservation of the hemicellulose polymeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cătălin Puițel
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Dan Suditu
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Elena Niculina Drăgoi
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Maricel Danu
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălin Dumitrel Balan
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Daniela-Lucia Chicet
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 41, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodor Nechita
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Rajesh D, Lenin N, Cep R, Anand P, Elangovan M. Enhancement of Thermal Behaviour of Flax with a Ramie Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020350. [PMID: 36679229 PMCID: PMC9864393 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived fibres, called lignocellulosic fibres, are a natural alternative to synthetic fibres in polymer composite reinforcement. Utilizing renewable resources, such as fibre-reinforced polymeric composites made from plant and animal sources, has become a crucial design requirement for developing and producing parts for all industrial goods. Natural-fibre-based composites are used for door panels, trays, glove boxes, etc. This study involves developing and thermal analysing a flax fibre reinforced with phenol-formaldehyde resin hybridization with ramie fibre by way of a vacuum infusion process. As per ASTM Standard, eight different sequences were fabricated and thermally characterized. In the present study, three stages of weight loss (%) are shown by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The sample loses less weight during the first stage, more during the second, and more during the third. The sample's overall maximum temperature was recorded at 630 °C. It was discovered that sample D (80.1 °C) had the highest heat deflection temperature, and sample B had the lowest (86.0 °C). Sample C had a low thermal expansion coefficient, while sample G had a high thermal expansion coefficient. Sample E had the highest thermal conductivity, measured at 0.213 W/mK, whereas sample A had the lowest conductivity, at 0.182 W/mK. From the present study, it was found that sample H had better thermal characteristics. The result of the present investigation would generate thermal data regarding hybrid ramie and flax composites, which would be helpful for researchers and practitioners involved in the field of biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durvasulu Rajesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi 600062, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Nagarajan Lenin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi 600062, India
| | - Robert Cep
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Palanivel Anand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi 600062, India
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Nafis ZAS, Nuzaimah M, Kudus SIA, Yusuf Y, Ilyas RA, Knight VF, Norrrahim MNF. Effect of Wood Dust Fibre Treatments Reinforcement on the Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composite (r-WoPPC) Filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:479. [PMID: 36676215 PMCID: PMC9863263 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of wood dust fibre treatment on the property of wood dust reinforced recycled polypropylene composite (r-WoPPC) filament was investigated. The wood dust fibre was treated using alkali, silane, and NaOH-silane. The treated wood fibre was incorporated with r-PP using a twin-screw extruder to produce filament. The silane treatment on wood dust fibre enhances interfacial bonding between wood fibre and recycled PP; hence, a filament has the highest wire pull strength, which is 35.2% higher compared to untreated and alkaline-treated wood dust filament. It is because silanol in silane forms a siloxane bond that acts as a coupling agent that improves interfacial bonding between wood dust fibre and recycled PP. The SEM micrograph of the fracture structure reveals that treated silane has strong interfacial bonding between wood dust fibre and recycled PP, having minimal void, gap, and good fibre adhesion. The water absorption test results indicate that filament with treated wood dust absorbs less water than filament with untreated wood because the treatment minimizes the gap between wood fibres and recycled PP. The FTIR analysis identified the presence of silane on the wood dust surface for silane-treated wood dust. The DSC studies suggest that the temperature range 167-170 °C be used in the extrusion machine to produce r-WoPPC filament. As a result, r-WoPPc filaments containing silane-treated wood dust have better mechanical properties and have a greater potential for usage in FDM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. A. S. Nafis
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - M. Nuzaimah
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - S. I. Abdul Kudus
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Y. Yusuf
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - V. F. Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - M. N. F. Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Szekalska M, Wróblewska M, Czajkowska-Kośnik A, Sosnowska K, Misiak P, Wilczewska AZ, Winnicka K. The Spray-Dried Alginate/Gelatin Microparticles with Luliconazole as Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:403. [PMID: 36614742 PMCID: PMC9822401 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic fungi, which are primary causative agents of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The cure of candidiasis is difficult, lengthy, and associated with the fungi resistivity. Therefore, the research for novel active substances and unconventional drug delivery systems providing effective and safe treatment is still an active subject. Microparticles, as multicompartment dosage forms due to larger areas, provide short passage of drug diffusion, which might improve drug therapeutic efficiency. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer from a polysaccharide group, possessing swelling, mucoadhesive, and gelling properties. Gelatin A is a natural high-molecular-weight polypeptide obtained from porcine collagen. The purpose of this study was to prepare microparticles by the spray-drying of alginate/gelatin polyelectrolyte complex mixture, with a novel antifungal drug-luliconazole. In the next stage of research, the effect of gelatin presence on pharmaceutical properties of designed formulations was assessed. Interrelations among polymers were evaluated with thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A valid aspect of this research was the in vitro antifungal activity estimation of designed microparticles using Candida species: C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis. It was shown that the gelatin addition affected the particles size, improved encapsulation efficiency and mucoadhesiveness, and prolonged the drug release. Moreover, gelatin addition to the formulations improved the antifungal effect against Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróblewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Misiak
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zofia Wilczewska
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Acosta AP, Gallio E, Cruz N, Aramburu AB, Lunkes N, Missio AL, Delucis RDA, Gatto DA. Alumina as an Antifungal Agent for Pinus elliottii Wood. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121299. [PMID: 36547632 PMCID: PMC9785303 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the durability of a Pinus elliotti wood impregnated with alumina (Al2O3) particles. The samples were impregnated at three different Al2O3 weight fractions (c.a. 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) and were then exposed to two wood-rot fungi, namely white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum). Thermal and chemical characteristics were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The wood which incorporated 0.3 wt% of Al2O3 presented a weight loss 91.5% smaller than the untreated wood after being exposed to the white-rot fungus. On the other hand, the highest effectiveness against the brown-rot fungus was reached by the wood treated with 5 wt% of Al2O3, which presented a mass loss 91.6% smaller than that of the untreated pine wood. The Al2O3-treated woods presented higher antifungal resistances than the untreated ones in a way that: the higher the Al2O3 content, the higher the thermal stability. In general, the impregnation of the Al2O3 particles seems to be a promising treatment for wood protection against both studied wood-rot fungi. Additionally, both FT-IR and TG results were valuable tools to ascertain chemical changes ascribed to fungal decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P. Acosta
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-001, RS, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Gallio
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Nidria Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur B. Aramburu
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-001, RS, Brazil
| | - Nayara Lunkes
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - André L. Missio
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55-9944-4478
| | - Rafael de A. Delucis
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Darci A. Gatto
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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Saheed IO, Azeez SO, Suah FBM. Imidazolium based ionic liquids modified polysaccharides for adsorption and solid-phase extraction applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gago D, Corvo MC, Chagas R, Ferreira LM, Coelhoso I. Protein Adsorption Performance of a Novel Functionalized Cellulose-Based Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235122. [PMID: 36501515 PMCID: PMC9736165 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was synthesized and tested for protein adsorption. The prepared polymer was characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to confirm the functionalization of cellulose. This work shows that protein adsorption onto DCMC is charge dependent. The polymer adsorbs positively charged proteins, cytochrome C and lysozyme, with adsorption capacities of 851 and 571 mg g-1, respectively. In both experiments, the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics by DCMC is well described by the pseudo second-order model, and adsorption equilibrium was reached within 90 min. Moreover, DCMC was successfully reused for five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, without compromising the removal efficiency (98-99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- i3N/Cenimat, Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Chagas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Food4Sustainability—Associação para a Inovação no Alimento Sustentável, Centro Empresarial de Idanha-a-Nova, Zona Industrial, 6060-182 Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Coelhoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Nasir MHM, Taha MM, Razali N, Ilyas RA, Knight VF, Norrrahim MNF. Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15228082. [PMID: 36431566 PMCID: PMC9697409 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and rheological properties of bio-composite filament materials are crucial characteristics in the development of a bio-composite Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) filament since the printing mechanism of FDM strongly depends on the heating and extrusion process. The effect of chemical treatment on the thermal and rheological properties was investigated to develop composite filaments for FDM using natural fibres such as sugar palm fibre (SPF). SPF underwent alkaline and silane treatment processes before being reinforced with PLA for improving adhesion and removing impurities. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Melt Flow Index (MFI) analyses were conducted to identify the differences in thermal properties. Meanwhile, a rheological test was conducted to investigate the shear stress and its viscosity. The TGA test shows that the SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane showed good thermal stability at 789.5 °C with 0.4% final residue. The DSC results indicate that the melting temperature of all samples is slightly the same at 155 °C (in the range of 1 °C), showing that the treatment does not interfere with the melting temperature of the SPF/PLA composite. Thus, the untreated SPF/PLA composite showed the highest degradation temperature, which was 383.2 °C. The SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane demonstrated the highest melt flow index of 17.6 g/min. In conclusion, these findings offer a reference point for determining the filament extrusion and printability of SPF/PLA composite filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Mohd Nasir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Mastura Mohammad Taha
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.M.T.); (M.N.F.N.)
| | - Nadlene Razali
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.M.T.); (M.N.F.N.)
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38
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Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Bayraktar E. Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183778. [PMID: 36145924 PMCID: PMC9503542 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183732. [PMID: 36145875 PMCID: PMC9505226 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
"Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties and Applications" is a newly open Special Issue of Polymers, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make boundless contributions to the finding and understanding of the reinforcing effects of various synthetic and natural fibres on the performance of biopolymer composites [...]
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Kong F, Nie B, Han C, Zhao D, Hou Y, Xu Y. Flame Retardancy and Thermal Property of Environment-Friendly Poly(lactic acid) Composites Based on Banana Peel Powder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5977. [PMID: 36079358 PMCID: PMC9457241 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana peel powder (BPP) was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA) bio-based composites and the flame retardancy was enhanced by introducing silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA containing 15 wt % BPP was 22.1% and just passed the UL-94 V-2 rate. Moreover, with the introduction of 5 wt % MCAPP and 15 wt % BPP, the PLA composite had a higher LOI value of 31.5%, and reached the UL-94 V-0 rating, with self-extinguishing and anti-dripping abilities. The PLA/M5B15 also had a lower peak heat release rate (296.7 kW·m-2), which was 16% lower than that of the PLA/B15 composite. Furthermore, the synergistic effects between MCAPP and BPP impart better thermal stability to PLA composites. According to the investigation of the char residue and pyrolysis gaseous products, MCAPP with BPP addition is beneficial to the formation of a higher quality char layer in the solid phase but also plays the flame retardant effect in the gas phase. This work provides a simple and efficient method to solve the high cost and flammability issues of PLA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbei Kong
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baisheng Nie
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Bayraktar E. Current Progress in Biopolymer-Based Bionanocomposites and Hybrid Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173479. [PMID: 36080552 PMCID: PMC9460886 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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Radzi FSM, Abu Bakar A, Asyraf MA, Nik Abdullah NA, Suriani MJ. Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibres have been discovered to have a high potential for usage as fibre reinforcement in material matrix composites for a several of application. The scope for this study is to encourage widespread use of eco hybrid composite in various applications specifically in the maritime field. The purpose of this study is to look into the influence of fibre loading on manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fiberglass/kevlar hybrid composite materials used in boat construction. The hybridization of natural fibre with fiberglass/kevlar is recommended as a solution to overcome the disadvantages of natural fibre which can give balanced strength and stiffness, enhances fatigue resistance, fracture toughness and impact resistance. General conditions in green composites are proposed, along with some preliminary data on the mechanical hybrid composites. In conclusion, the percentage of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre contents that show reduces manufacturing defects and excellent interfacial adhesion will be proposed for boat construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Anuar Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
- Marine Materials Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azman Asyraf
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Nik Adib Nik Abdullah
- MSET Inflamable Composit Sdn. Bhd. PT 7976K Gong Badak Industrial Zone , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Mat Jusoh Suriani
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
- Marine Materials Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , 21030 Kuala Nerus , Terengganu , Malaysia
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Ye S, Pan F, Yao L, Fang H, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhang A. Isolation, characterization of bamboo leaf flavonoids by size exclusion chromatography and their antioxidant properties. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200506. [PMID: 35853836 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of bamboo industry exhibits varied but still needs to be improved. Bamboo leaf flavonoid (BLF) is an important resource of bamboo which has become a research focus. However, the isolation and purification techniques of four flavonoid carbon glycosides (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin) from BLF were still confronted with difficulties due to their complex and similar structures, which obstructed the development of bamboo utilization. In this paper, a purification technology of four flavonoid carbon glycosides from BLF by Sephadex LH-20 was improved. The results were evaluated by HPLC and pharmacological activity. Specifically, the eluent, flow rate, and loading amount were investigated respectively. According to the results, the eluent would dominate the isolation effect among three factors. High concentration of isoorientin and four flavonoid carbon glycosides would be obtained under the optimized condition (The eluent was 70% methanol, the loading amount was 1.5 g, and the flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1). Meanwhile, the link between flavonoid carbon glycosides content and their antioxidant activity in vitro was also revealed. Overall, the results suggested that BLF may serve as potential functional food additives and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Ye
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Fupeng Pan
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Linna Yao
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1, qianhuhou village, Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Yaqian Cheng
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, CN, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, CN, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Zhejiang Limited Company of Science and Technology ofSHENGSHI BIOLOGY, Research and Development Department, 1919 Cangshan Road, South Taihu Pharmaceutical Industrial Park, Wuxing District,, Huzhou, CHINA
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University: Zhejiang A and F University, College of Food and Health, No. 666, Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Hangzhou, CHINA
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Isolation and Characterization of Natural Cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Lowland Ethiopian Bamboo) Using Alkali Peroxide Bleaching Stages Followed by Aqueous Chlorite in Buffer Solution. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5155552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are the primary sources of cellulose. This paper is aimed at isolating cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica via chemical treatments. The thermal behavior, functional group, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of raw (ROA), dewaxed (DOA), alkali-treated (AOA), and bleached (BOA) fibers were examined. TGA, FTIR, DSC, DTA, XRD, and SEM were used for characterization techniques. The effects of chemical treatments were examined by determining the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. The cellulose content in the ROA improved from
wt% to
wt% due to the removal of noncellulose components using waxing, alkali treatment, and bleaching with alkali peroxide bleaching stages followed by aqueous chlorite in buffer solution. The highest content of cellulose and holocellulose was exhibited in the BOA samples with a yield of
wt% and
wt%, respectively. ROA had greater hemicellulose (
wt%), lignin (
wt%), and ash content (
wt%) in comparison to AOA and BOA. The XRD data showed a change in crystallinity after each treatment. Because of the high amount of crystalline cellulose, the XRD results revealed that BOA has a higher crystallinity index (CrI) (59.89%) and peak intensity than AOA, DOA, and ROA. The strength of the FTIR peaks increased in the order of ROA, DOA, AOA, and BOA, indicating that pretreatment causes hemicellulose and lignin to be gradually removed from the Oxytenanthera abyssinica fiber. The TGA, DTG, DTA, and DSC data also confirmed that BOA has the highest thermal stability due to the high content of cellulose. The SEM analysis showed a morphological change in the surface due to chemical treatment. These results confirmed that through chemical pretreatment, a high amount of cellulose was produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica. Even though Oxytenanthera abyssinica is commonly grown in Ethiopia, few studies have been done on it, and no works have been carried out to isolate and characterize cellulose from the plant. Thus, the findings in this work will encourage researchers to use Oxytenanthera abyssinica as a source of cellulose for various applications, including the manufacture of cellulose nanocrystals, polymer matrix biofilters, green biocomposite reinforcing agents, and hydrogel synthesis.
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Ngudsuntear K, Limtrakul S, Arayapranee W. Synthesis of Hydrogenated Natural Rubber Having Epoxide Groups Using Diimide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21483-21491. [PMID: 35785283 PMCID: PMC9245146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with 50% mol of epoxide groups was synthesized using performic acid generated from the reaction of formic acid/hydrogen peroxide in latex form followed by hydrogenation using diimide generated from hydrazine (N2H4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with boric acid (H3BO3) as a catalyst. The resulting products (hydrogenated epoxidized natural rubber, HENR) were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), gel testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of reaction parameters such as N2H4 amount, H2O2 amount, H3BO3 amount, gelatin amount, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the percentage of hydrogenation degree and gel content were investigated. The transmission electron micrographs of the particles confirmed a core/shell structure consisting of a highly unsaturated concentration region as the core encapsulated by a low carbon-carbon double bond concentration region as the shell, which indicated that the rubber particle seemed to be modified from the outer layer to the center of the rubber particle. Overall, the data showed that an increase in the amount of the individual chemicals, reaction time, and temperature increased the hydrogenation degree. However, a higher level of gelatin retarded an increase in the percentage of hydrogenation degree. As the hydrogenation degree increased, the gel content increased due to the ether linkage and the crosslinking reaction triggered through hydroxyl radicals. From DSC measurements, the glass transition temperatures of hydrogenated products increased above those of original rubbers. The thermal stability of hydrogenated products was improved, demonstrated by a decomposition temperature shift to a higher temperature than ENR, as shown by the results from the thermogravimetric analysis. Therefore, the hydrogenated ENR (HENR) exhibited good thermal stability, which could extend the applications of ENR in the automotive and oil industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitnipat Ngudsuntear
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunun Limtrakul
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center
for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanvimon Arayapranee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum
Thani, 12000, Thailand
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46
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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Norfarhana A, Ilyas R, Ngadi N, Sharma S, Sayed MM, El-Shafay A, Nordin A. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic ENR/PVC Composites as Potential Membrane Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2432. [PMID: 35746008 PMCID: PMC9228183 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane separation processes are prevalent in industrial wastewater treatment because they are more effective than conventional methods at addressing global water issues. Consequently, the ideal membranes with high mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, flux, permeability, porosity, and solute removal capacity must be prepared to aid in the separation process for wastewater treatment. Rubber-based membranes have shown the potential for high mechanical properties in water separation processes to date. In addition, the excellent sustainable practice of natural fibers has attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composite membranes to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. The incorporation of natural fiber in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filler and pore former agent enhances the mechanical properties, and high separation efficiency characteristics of membrane composites are discussed. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fabrication technique of porous membranes affected the membrane's structure, and the performance of wastewater treatment applications is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Norfarhana
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh Muar 84600, Johor, Malaysia
| | - R.A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala, Kapurthala 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed
- Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - A.S. El-Shafay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.H. Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
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48
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Bahrain SHK, Masdek NRN, Mahmud J, Mohammed MN, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Mohamed A, Shamseldin MA, Abdelrahman A, Asyraf MRM. Morphological, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Sugar-Palm ( Arenga pinnata ( Wurmb) Merr.)-Reinforced Silicone Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124062. [PMID: 35744121 PMCID: PMC9228608 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally benign silicone composites from sugar palm fibre and silicone rubber was carried out in this study. The mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of the composites with sugar palm (SP) filler contents ranging from 0% to 16% by weight (wt%) were investigated. Based on the uniaxial tensile tests, it was found that the increment in filler content led to higher stiffness. Via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the viscoelastic properties of the silicone biocomposite showed that the storage modulus and loss modulus increased with the increment in filler content. The physical properties also revealed that the density and moisture absorption rate increased as the filler content increased. Inversely, the swelling effect of the highest filler content (16 wt%) revealed that its swelling ratio possessed the lowest rate as compared to the lower filler addition and pure silicone rubber. The morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the sugar palm filler was evenly dispersed and no agglomeration could be seen. Thus, it can be concluded that the addition of sugar palm filler enhanced the stiffness property of silicone rubber. These new findings could contribute positively to the employment of natural fibres as reinforcements for greener biocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Humairah Kamarul Bahrain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Nik Rozlin Nik Masdek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jamaluddin Mahmud
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - M. N. Mohammed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Abdullah Mohamed
- Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Shamseldin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - Anas Abdelrahman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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49
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Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Influence of Chemical Treatments on Its Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113852. [PMID: 35683149 PMCID: PMC9181418 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the era of globalisation, decreasing synthetic resources, especially petroleum, have encouraged global communities to apply biomass waste as a substitute material for green technology development. The development of plastic products from lignocellulosic fibre-reinforced composites has been a hot topic among material scientists and engineers due to their abundance, sustainable in nature, and less toxic towards health. For the Malaysian scenario, sugar palm is a plant found in the wild and locally planted in certain areas in Malaysia and Indonesia. Generally, sugar palm can be harvested for traditional foods, fruits, starch sugar (gula kabung), and alcohol, whereas sugar palm fibre (SPF) is used in conventional products (brushes and brooms). Various researchers are working on the characterisation of fibre and its composites for engineering and packaging products. The main drawback of SPF is its hydrophilic behaviour, which leads to high moisture uptake and inhibits a good bond between the fibre and the matrix. Thus, a solution for this problem is by implementing chemical treatments on the fibre. From the literature review, no comprehensive review paper has been published on the influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical behaviour of SPF-reinforced polymer composites. Thus, the present review examines recent studies on the mechanical properties of sugar palm lignocellulosic fibres with various chemical treatments to evaluate their potential in structural applications.
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50
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Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Residual Behavior of Concrete Containing Marble Dust and Foundry Sand. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103632. [PMID: 35629658 PMCID: PMC9145382 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is a composite material that is commonly used in the construction industry. It will certainly be exposed to fires of varying intensities when used in buildings and industries. The major goal of this article was to look into the influence of mineral additions such as foundry sand and marble dust on the residual characteristics of concrete. To examine the behavior of residual characteristics of concrete after fire exposure, marble dust was substituted for cement and fine sand was substituted for foundry sand in varying amounts ranging from 0% to 20%. It aided in the better disposal of waste material so that it might be used as an addition. The purpose of the experiment was to see how increased temperatures affected residual properties of concrete, including flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, static as well as dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, mass loss, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. At temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C, the typical fire exposure behavior of concrete was investigated. The effects of two cooling techniques, annealing and quenching, on the residual properties of concrete after exposure to high temperatures were investigated in this study. Replacement of up to 10% of the cement with marble dust and fine sand with foundry sand when concrete is exposed to temperatures up to 400 °C does not influence the behavior of concrete. At temperatures above 400 °C, however, the breakdown of concrete, which includes marble dust and foundry sand, causes a rapid deterioration in the residual properties of concrete, primarily for replacement of more than 10%.
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