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Tang Z, Dai J, Yu A, Li P, Liu C, Shen X. 3D-printed zirconia orthodontic brackets: Effect of printing method on dimensional accuracy. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39169632 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of additive manufacturing (AM) methods on the slot height dimensions and accuracy of 3D-printed orthodontic brackets. METHODS A 3D model of a standard Mclaughlin Bennett Trevisi bracket was used as a reference to print the ceramic bracket in a 90° orientation using two representative AM methods: digital light processing (DLP) and material jetting (MJ). The dimensional accuracy and slot heights were determined using a scanning electron microscope and an optical scanner. Also, all specimens were analysed using the Geomagic Control X 3D inspection software. The root mean square (RMS) values were used for trueness and precision assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using an independent sample t-test. RESULTS Slot height dimensions, trueness RMS, and precision RMS were statistically affected by different AM methods (p < .01). There was a significant difference between the different printing methods, with DLP meeting the tolerance requirements (mean slot height = 0.557 ± 0.018 mm) and MJ being slightly below them (mean slot height = 0.544 ± 0.021 mm). However, MJ significantly outperformed DLP in terms of accuracy. Among the two printing methods, MJ was associated with higher trueness (RMS = 0.025 ± 0.004 mm) and precision (RMS = 0.038 ± 0.005 mm). CONCLUSIONS Both tested AM methods yielded clinically acceptable outcomes, with the RMS range set to ±100 μm and the slot height tolerance established at 0.549-0.569 mm. The MJ technology achieved the highest accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anlan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Nasiri-Tabrizi B, Basirun WJ, Walvekar R, Yeong CH, Phang SW. Exploring the potential of intermetallic alloys as implantable biomaterials: A comprehensive review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213854. [PMID: 38703541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the utilization of intermetallic alloys (IMAs) as advanced biomaterials for medical implants, scrutinizing their conceptual framework, fabrication challenges, and diverse manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, and additive manufacturing. Manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and injection molding are discussed, with specific emphasis on achieving optimal grain sizes, surface roughness, and mechanical properties. Post-treatment methods aimed at refining surface quality, dimensional precision, and mechanical properties of IMAs are explored, including the use of heat treatments to enhance biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The review presents an in-depth examination of IMAs-based implantable biomaterials, covering lab-scale developments and commercial-scale implants. Specific IMAs such as Nickel Titanium, Titanium Aluminides, Iron Aluminides, Magnesium-based IMAs, Zirconium-based IMAs, and High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are highlighted, with detailed discussions on their mechanical properties, including strength, elastic modulus, and corrosion resistance. Future directions are outlined, with an emphasis on the anticipated growth in the orthopedic devices market and the role of IMAs in meeting this demand. The potential of porous IMAs in orthopedics is explored, with emphasis on achieving optimal pore sizes and distributions for enhanced osseointegration. The review concludes by highlighting the ongoing need for research and development efforts in IMAs technologies, including advancements in design and fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Jefrey Basirun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Siew Wei Phang
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khan MA, Khan N, Ullah M, Hamayun S, Makhmudov NI, Mbbs R, Safdar M, Bibi A, Wahab A, Naeem M, Hasan N. 3D printing technology and its revolutionary role in stent implementation in cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102568. [PMID: 38599562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), exemplified by coronary artery disease (CAD), is a global health concern, escalating in prevalence and burden. The etiology of CAD is intricate, involving different risk factors. CVD remains a significant cause of mortality, driving the need for innovative interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular stents. These stents aim to minimize restenosis, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia while providing mechanical support. Notably, the challenges of achieving ideal stent characteristics persist. An emerging avenue to address this involves enhancing the mechanical performance of polymeric bioresorbable stents using additive manufacturing techniques And Three-dimensional (3D) printing, encompassing various manufacturing technologies, has transcended its initial concept to become a tangible reality in the medical field. The technology's evolution presents a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical and medical industries, enabling the creation of targeted drugs and swift production of medical implants. It revolutionizes medical procedures, transforming the strategies of doctors and surgeons. Patient-specific 3D-printed anatomical models are now pivotal in precision medicine and personalized treatment approaches. Despite its ongoing development, additive manufacturing in healthcare is already integrated into various medical applications, offering substantial benefits to a sector under pressure for performance and cost reduction. In this review primarily emphasizes stent technology, different types of stents, highlighting its application with some potential complications. Here we also address their benefits, potential issues, effectiveness, indications, and contraindications. In future it can potentially reduce complications and help in improving patients' outcomes. 3DP technology offers the promise to customize solutions for complex CVD conditions and help or fostering a new era of precision medicine in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Khan
- Department of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
| | - Niyamat Khan
- Department of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Punjab 04485, Pakistan
| | - Nurullo Ismoilovich Makhmudov
- Department of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
| | - Raziya Mbbs
- Department of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
| | - Mishal Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayisha Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Aronne M, Bertana V, Schimmenti F, Roppolo I, Chiappone A, Cocuzza M, Marasso SL, Scaltrito L, Ferrero S. 3D-Printed MEMS in Italy. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:678. [PMID: 38930648 PMCID: PMC11205654 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
MEMS devices are more and more commonly used as sensors, actuators, and microfluidic devices in different fields like electronics, opto-electronics, and biomedical engineering. Traditional fabrication technologies cannot meet the growing demand for device miniaturisation and fabrication time reduction, especially when customised devices are required. That is why additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly applied to MEMS. In this review, attention is focused on the Italian scenario in regard to 3D-printed MEMS, studying the techniques and materials used for their fabrication. To this aim, research has been conducted as follows: first, the commonly applied 3D-printing technologies for MEMS manufacturing have been illustrated, then some examples of 3D-printed MEMS have been reported. After that, the typical materials for these technologies have been presented, and finally, some examples of their application in MEMS fabrication have been described. In conclusion, the application of 3D-printing techniques, instead of traditional processes, is a growing trend in Italy, where some exciting and promising results have already been obtained, due to these new selected technologies and the new materials involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Aronne
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Valentina Bertana
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Francesco Schimmenti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Blocco D, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
- CNR-IMEM, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Scaltrito
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- ChiLab Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino (PoliTo), Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.L.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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Zhen C, Shi Y, Wang W, Zhou G, Li H, Lin G, Wang F, Tang B, Li X. Advancements in gradient bone scaffolds: enhancing bone regeneration in the treatment of various bone disorders. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032004. [PMID: 38688259 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds are widely employed for treating various bone disorders, including defects, fractures, and accidents. Gradient bone scaffolds present a promising approach by incorporating gradients in shape, porosity, density, and other properties, mimicking the natural human body structure. This design offers several advantages over traditional scaffolds. A key advantage is the enhanced matching of human tissue properties, facilitating cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, the gradient structure fosters a smooth transition between scaffold and surrounding tissue, minimizing the risk of inflammation or rejection. Mechanical stability is also improved, providing better support for bone regeneration. Additionally, gradient bone scaffolds can integrate drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release of drugs or growth factors to promote specific cellular activities during the healing process. This comprehensive review examines the design aspects of gradient bone scaffolds, encompassing structure and drug delivery capabilities. By optimizing the scaffold's inherent advantages through gradient design, bone regeneration outcomes can be improved. The insights presented in this article contribute to the academic understanding of gradient bone scaffolds and their applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Zhen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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Lee D, Ruf M, Karadimitriou N, Steeb H, Manousidaki M, Varouchakis EA, Tzortzakis S, Yiotis A. Development of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels using additive manufacturing: numerical and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9375. [PMID: 38654100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose an integrated methodology for the design and fabrication of 3D micromodels that are suitable for the pore-scale study of transport processes in macroporous materials. The micromodels, that bear the pore-scale characteristics of sandstone, such as porosity, mean pore size, etc, are designed following a stochastic reconstruction algorithm that allows for fine-tuning the porosity and the correlation length of the spatial distribution of the solid material. We then construct a series of 3D micromodels at very fine resolution (i.e. 16 μ m) using a state-of-the-art 3D printing infrastructure, specifically a ProJet MJP3600 3D printer, that utilizes the Material Jetting technology. Within the technical constraints of the 3D printer resolution, the fabricated micromodels represent scaled-up replicas of natural sandstones, that are suitable for the study of the scaling between the permeability, the porosity and the mean pore size. The REV- and pore-scale characteristics of the resulting physical micromodels are recovered using a combination of X-ray micro-CT and microfluidic studies. The experimental results are then compared with single-phase flow simulations at pore-scale and geostatistic models in order to determine the effects of the design parameters on the intrinsic permeability and the spatial correlation of the velocity profile. Our numerical and experimental measurements reveal an excellent match between the properties of the designed and fabricated 3D domains, thus demonstrating the robustness of the proposed methodology for the construction of 3D micromodels with fine-tuned and well-controlled pore-scale characteristics. Furthermore, a pore-scale numerical study over a wider range of 3D digital domain realizations reveals a very good match of the measured permeabilities with the predictions of the Kozeny-Carman formulation based on a single control parameter, k 0 , that is found to have a practically constant value for porosities ϕ ≥ 0.2 . This, in turn, enables us to customize the sample size to meet REV constraints, including enlarging pore morphology while considering the Reynolds number. It is also found that at lower porosities there is a significant increase in the fraction of the non-percolating pores, thus leading to different k 0 , as the porosity approaches a numerically determined critical porosity value, ϕ c , where the domain is no longer percolating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Lee
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Matthias Ruf
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Karadimitriou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Steeb
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- SC SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mary Manousidaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil A Varouchakis
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Stelios Tzortzakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas Yiotis
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
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展 新, 曹 露, 项 东, 汤 皓, 夏 丹, 林 红. [Effect of printing orientation on physical and mechanical properties of 3D printing prosthodontic base resin materials]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:345-351. [PMID: 38595256 PMCID: PMC11004970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of forming direction on the surface characteristics, elastic modulus, bending strength and fracture toughness of printed parts and the relationship between forming direction and force direction, and to provide scientific basis and guidance for the clinical application of oral denture base resin materials. METHODS The 3D printing technology was used to print denture base resin samples. The shape and size of the samples referred to the current standard for testing conventional denture base materials. The samples used for physical performance testing were cylindrical (with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm) and printed at different angles along the Z axis (0°, 45°, 90°). Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microscopic topography of the different samples. The color stability of different samples was observed by color stabilizer. The surface roughness of the samples was analyzed by using surface roughness tester. The Vickers hardness was measured to analyze the hardness of the samples. The samples used for mechanical performance testing were rectangular (elastic modulus and bending strength: A length of 64 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a height of 3.3 mm; fracture toughness: A length of 39 mm, a width of 8 mm, and a height of 4 mm), divided into two groups: W group and H group. The W group was printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × width as the bottom surface parallel to the X, Y axis plane, while the H group printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × height as the bottom surface parallel to the X, Y axis plane. The forming angles of both groups were equally divided into 0°, 45°, and 90°. The elastic modulus, bending strength and fracture toughness of different samples were studied through universal mechanical testing machine. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The microscopic topography and roughness of different samples were closely related to the printing direction, with significant differences between the 0°, 45°, and 90° specimens. The 0° specimens had the smoothest surface (roughness < 1 μm). The surface of the 45° specimen was the roughest (roughness>3 μm). The microhardness of the 0° sample was the best [(196.13±0.20) MPa], with a significant difference compared with the 90° sample [(186.62±4.81) MPa, P < 0.05]. The mechanical properties of different samples were also closely related to the printing direction. The elastic modulus, bending strength, and fracture toughness of the 45° samples in the W group were the highest compared with the other groups. The results of elastic modulus showed that in the H group, the 45° specimens had the highest elastic mo-dulus, which was significantly different from the 0° and 90° specimens (P < 0.05). The elastic modulus of 0° and 45° specimens in the W group were higher than those in 90° specimens (P < 0.05). The bending strength results showed that there was no significant difference between the specimens from dif-ferent angles in the H group. The bending strength of the 90° specimens in the W group was the smallest, and there was a significant difference between 90° and the 0° and 45° specimens (P < 0.05); And the bendind strength of the 0° and 45° specimens in the W group was significantly higher than that of the 0° and 45° specimens in the H group (P < 0.05). The fracture toughness results showed that the fracture toughness of the H group specimens was lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2, which was specified in the denture base standard. The 45° samples in the W group were the highest, with significant differences compared with the 0° and 90° samples (P < 0.05). And the 90° samples of the W group specimens were lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2. And the fracture toughness of the 45° specimen in the W group was significantly higher than that of all the specimens in the H group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The 0° samples had relatively better physical properties. The 45° samples had the best mechanical properties. But the fracture toughness of specimens (H group and 90° samples of W group) did not yet meet clinical requirements. That indicated that the characteristics of the 3D printing denture base resin were affected by the printing direction. Only when the performance of the printed samples in all directions met the minimum requirements of the standard, they could be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 新新 展
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 露露 曹
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 东 项
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 皓 汤
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 丹丹 夏
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 红 林
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院材料研究室, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 北京大学口腔医学院口腔医疗器械检验中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14. [PMID: 38569493 PMCID: PMC11164598 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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9
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Tan H, Othman MHD, Chong WT, Kek HY, Wong SL, Nyakuma BB, Mong GR, Wahab RA, Wong KY. Turning plastics/microplastics into valuable resources? Current and potential research for future applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120644. [PMID: 38522274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials, mainly consisting of polymers. The use of plastics has increased to over 300 million metric tonnes in recent years, and by 2050, it is expected to grow to 800 million. Presently, a mere 10% of plastic waste is recycled, with approximately 75% ended up in landfills. Inappropriate disposal of plastic waste into the environment poses a threat to human lives and marine species. Therefore, this review article highlights potential routes for converting plastic/microplastic waste into valuable resources to promote a greener and more sustainable environment. The literature review revealed that plastics/microplastics (P/MP) could be recycled or upcycled into various products or materials via several innovative processes. For example, P/MP are recycled and utilized as anodes in lithium-ion (Li-ion) and sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. The anode in Na-ion batteries comprising PP carbon powder exhibits a high reversible capacity of ∼340 mAh/g at 0.01 A/g current state. In contrast, integrating Fe3O4 and PE into a Li-ion battery yielded an excellent capacity of 1123 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g current state. Additionally, recycled Nylon displayed high physical and mechanical properties necessary for excellent application as 3D printing material. Induction heating is considered a revolutionary pyrolysis technique with improved yield, efficiency, and lower energy utilization. Overall, P/MPs are highlighted as abundant resources for the sustainable production of valuable products and materials such as batteries, nanomaterials, graphene, and membranes for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknlogi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Syie Luing Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, Pen Resource University, P. M. B. 08, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Guo Ren Mong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Keng Yinn Wong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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10
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Foresti R, Fornasari A, Bianchini Massoni C, Mersanne A, Martini C, Cabrini E, Freyrie A, Perini P. Surgical Medical Education via 3D Bioprinting: Modular System for Endovascular Training. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:197. [PMID: 38391683 PMCID: PMC10886183 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently a shift in surgical training from traditional methods to simulation-based approaches, recognizing the necessity of more effective and controlled learning environments. This study introduces a completely new 3D-printed modular system for endovascular surgery training (M-SET), developed to allow various difficulty levels. Its design was based on computed tomography angiographies from real patient data with femoro-popliteal lesions. The study aimed to explore the integration of simulation training via a 3D model into the surgical training curriculum and its effect on their performance. Our preliminary study included 12 volunteer trainees randomized 1:1 into the standard simulation (SS) group (3 stepwise difficulty training sessions) and the random simulation (RS) group (random difficulty of the M-SET). A senior surgeon evaluated and timed the final training session. Feedback reports were assessed through the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale. The SS group completed the training sessions in about half time (23.13 ± 9.2 min vs. 44.6 ± 12.8 min). Trainees expressed high satisfaction with the training program supported by the M-SET. Our 3D-printed modular training model meets the current need for new endovascular training approaches, offering a customizable, accessible, and effective simulation-based educational program with the aim of reducing the time required to reach a high level of practical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Foresti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research (CERT), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Fornasari
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Bianchini Massoni
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Mersanne
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Martini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Diagnostic Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Cabrini
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Freyrie
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Perini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University-Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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11
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Valvez S, Oliveira-Santos M, Gonçalves L, Amaro AM, Piedade AP. Preprocedural Planning of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Review of the Use of Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:333-346. [PMID: 38389681 PMCID: PMC10880654 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a significant public health problem, with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) being one of its main causes. This cardiovascular arrhythmia predisposes to the production of intracardiac thrombi, mostly formed in the left atrial appendage (LAA). When there are contraindications to treatment with oral anticoagulants, another therapeutic option to reduce the possibility of thrombus formation in the LAA is the implantation of an occlusion device by cardiac catheterization. The effectiveness of LAA occlusion is dependent on accurate preprocedural device sizing and proper device positioning at the LAA ostium, to ensure sufficient device anchoring and avoid peri-device leaks. Additive manufacturing, commonly known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), of LAA models is beginning to emerge in the scientific literature to address these challenges through procedural simulation. This review aims at clarifying the impact of 3DP on preprocedural planning of LAA occlusion, specifically in the training of cardiac surgeons and in the assessment of the perfect adjustment between the LAA and the biomedical implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valvez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Lino Gonçalves
- CBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Amaro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Piedade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Koltsaki M, Mavri M. A Comprehensive Overview of Additive Manufacturing Processes Through a Time-Based Classification Model. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:363-382. [PMID: 38389694 PMCID: PMC10880673 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic produced major reshuffles on the world map, bringing imbalance, uncertainty, and accumulated stress. Due to supply chain disruptions, the need for innovation has emerged both as a priority and a necessity and three-dimensional printing (3DP) proved to be a primary, smart, effective, and innovative additive manufacturing (AM) method. AM refers to the direct fabrication of complex geometries, using a computer-aided design (CAD) model or a three-dimensional scanner output. This article presents a literature review of AM technologies, chronologically sorted, and proposes a multilevel classification model. The suggested research approach appears a triangular methodology that encompasses the current ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 report. The first objective of this article is to form two double-level classification models of AM processes, depending on the technology and material factors. The second objective is to clarify in which of the proposed categories each AM process is included; and the third one is to investigate if the proposed taxonomy is related to the time spot, in which AM processes were invented. The contribution of this article lies in determining the factors that are crucial for the growth of AM ecosystem. The novelty of the proposed classification lies in the definition of an optimal option for each industrial application based on the different AM processes, the variety of materials, and the evolution of technology over the years. In this way, investing in AM is more systematic and less risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koltsaki
- Department of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece
| | - Maria Mavri
- Department of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece
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Udroiu R. Quality Analysis of Micro-Holes Made by Polymer Jetting Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 38201698 PMCID: PMC10780597 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Material jetting technology is gaining popularity, especially in polymer science, because of their high accuracy for additive manufacturing (AM) products. This paper aims to investigate the quality of micro-holes that are oriented in three basic directions, and manufactured by the material jetting AM process. This paper proposes a novel methodology to evaluate the accuracy of micro-holes features by using a transparent artifact. A test artifact with horizontal and vertical micro-holes in it, with industrial applications, was designed. Micro-holes were placed on planar and curve surfaces. Samples were manufactured by PolyJet technology from a translucent photopolymer resin which allows a facile investigation (by microscopy) of the inner structure of the micro-holes. The features of ten micro-holes printed in matte and glossy finish type, with diameters in coarse and medium options, according to ISO/ASTM 52902, were analyzed. Quality analysis of the micro-holes features was performed by microscopy investigations. The effects of main factors on the deviation of the micro-hole diameter were investigated by using the statistical design of experiments, and four control factors were considered. The best results were obtained for sample printed in matte finishing with the micro-holes oriented along the x-axis and z-axis. The smallest diameter of the micro-holes obtained by PolyJet technology on an EDEN 350 machine was 0.5 mm, but in industrial applications for a facile post-processing, a higher diameter is recommended to be used. A confirmatory experiment on a wing sample, with a number of micro-holes of the same diameter and a large length to diameter ratio of the micro-holes, was performed, and the repeatability of the results was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Udroiu
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Boulevard, 500036 Brasov, Romania
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14
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Alfaraj A, Lin WS. Color reproduction trueness of 3D-printed full-color dental casts with scans derived from an intraoral scanner. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 38112239 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of shade tab color variations (tooth-colored vs. gingiva-colored) and surface treatment (application of mineral oil) on the trueness of color reproduction from dental shade tabs to 3D-printed full-color dental casts, using digital scans obtained from an intraoral scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pristine tooth-colored (with 16 shade tabs) and gingiva-colored (with five shade tabs) shade guides were digitally scanned using an intraoral scanner, and subsequently, 3D-printed replicas were created using a full-color material jetting 3D printer. Three color measurements using a contact type digital spectrophotometer were recorded, including actual shade tabs (R0), dried 3D-printed study samples (RP1 ), and study samples with mineral oil application (RP2 ), in this study to calculate color differences between the actual shade tabs and 3D-printed ones. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color differences (color reproduction trueness) between reference shade tabs and 3D-printed full-color study samples-without and with mineral oil, ∆E00 (RP1 ), and ∆E00 (RP2 ). ∆E00 (RP1 ) and ∆E00 (RP2 ) were compared with a 50:50% accessibility threshold (AT) and a 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT). A grading system, based on the relative ranges of AT and PT, was employed. The percentage of samples falling into each color-matching category was then recorded. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, utilizing a mixed model ANOVA to evaluate the effects of shade tab color and mineral oil application on color differences, α = 0.05. RESULTS The application of mineral oil significantly affected the ∆E00 [F(1, 378) = 19.1, p = < 0.0001]. However, this effect was only significant for the gingiva-colored study samples; the mineral oil application significantly decreased color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.55 ± 2.14 (p < 0.0001). For the tooth-colored groups, the mineral oil application did not yield any color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 7.05 ± 2.35 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.94 ± 2.35 (p = 0.497). In the absence of mineral oil, gingiva-colored samples revealed a significantly larger ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 compared to tooth-colored samples at 7.05 ± 2.35 (p = 0.017). Conversely, mineral oil application rendered comparable ∆E00 (RP2 ) values between gingiva-colored (6.55 ± 2.14) and tooth-colored (6.94 ± 2.35) samples (p = 0.558). All 3D-printed full-color samples showed Grade 1 (extremely unacceptable mismatch) and Grade 2 (clearly unacceptable mismatch), regardless of the shades or the presence of mineral oil. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing an intraoral scanner to gather digital color data, along with an MJ 3D printer, offers the potential for producing 3D-printed full-color dental casts for prosthesis characterization in the dental laboratory. While mineral oil improves the color reproduction trueness of gingiva-colored objects, all 3D-printed full-color samples exhibited unacceptable mismatches when compared to their target objects. This underscores the need for future improvement in the digital color data acquisition process and color optimization protocols in 3D printing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alfaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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15
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Slavin BV, Ehlen QT, Costello JP, Nayak VV, Bonfante EA, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Runyan CM, Witek L, Coelho PG. 3D Printing Applications for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction: A Sweeping Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6586-6609. [PMID: 37982644 PMCID: PMC11229092 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The field of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery is rich in pathological diversity and broad in the ages that it treats. Moreover, the CMF skeleton is a complex confluence of sensory organs and hard and soft tissue with load-bearing demands that can change within millimeters. Computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing (AM) create extraordinary opportunities to repair the infinite array of craniomaxillofacial defects that exist because of the aforementioned circumstances. 3D printed scaffolds have the potential to serve as a comparable if not superior alternative to the "gold standard" autologous graft. In vitro and in vivo studies continue to investigate the optimal 3D printed scaffold design and composition to foster bone regeneration that is suited to the unique biological and mechanical environment of each CMF defect. Furthermore, 3D printed fixation devices serve as a patient-specific alternative to those that are available off-the-shelf with an opportunity to reduce operative time and optimize fit. Similar benefits have been found to apply to 3D printed anatomical models and surgical guides for preoperative or intraoperative use. Creation and implementation of these devices requires extensive preclinical and clinical research, novel manufacturing capabilities, and strict regulatory oversight. Researchers, manufacturers, CMF surgeons, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are working in tandem to further the development of such technology within their respective domains, all with a mutual goal to deliver safe, effective, cost-efficient, and patient-specific CMF care. This manuscript reviews FDA regulatory status, 3D printing techniques, biomaterials, and sterilization procedures suitable for 3D printed devices of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. It also seeks to discuss recent clinical applications, economic feasibility, and future directions of this novel technology. By reviewing the current state of 3D printing in CMF surgery, we hope to gain a better understanding of its impact and in turn identify opportunities to further the development of patient-specific surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaire V Slavin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Quinn T Ehlen
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Joseph P Costello
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Estavam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Quadra 9 - Jardim Brasil, Bauru São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Quadra 9 - Jardim Brasil, Bauru São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Runyan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, 345 E. 24th St., New York, New York 10010, United States
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, 222 E 41st St., New York, New York 10017, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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16
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Antezana PE, Municoy S, Ostapchuk G, Catalano PN, Hardy JG, Evelson PA, Orive G, Desimone MF. 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 38140084 PMCID: PMC10747900 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriel Ostapchuk
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolás Catalano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Junín 954, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - John G. Hardy
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;
- Department of Chemistry, Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Pablo Andrés Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
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Batu T, Lemu HG, Shimels H. Application of Artificial Intelligence for Surface Roughness Prediction of Additively Manufactured Components. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6266. [PMID: 37763543 PMCID: PMC10532807 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has gained significant popularity from a manufacturing perspective due to its potential for improving production efficiency. However, ensuring consistent product quality within predetermined equipment, cost, and time constraints remains a persistent challenge. Surface roughness, a crucial quality parameter, presents difficulties in meeting the required standards, posing significant challenges in industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices, energy, optics, and electronics manufacturing, where surface quality directly impacts performance and functionality. As a result, researchers have given great attention to improving the quality of manufactured parts, particularly by predicting surface roughness using different parameters related to the manufactured parts. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the methods used by researchers to predict the surface quality of additively fabricated parts. Numerous research studies have developed models utilizing AI methods, including recent deep learning and machine learning approaches, which are effective in cost reduction and saving time, and are emerging as a promising technique. This paper presents the recent advancements in machine learning and AI deep learning techniques employed by researchers. Additionally, the paper discusses the limitations, challenges, and future directions for applying AI in surface roughness prediction for additively manufactured components. Through this review paper, it becomes evident that integrating AI methodologies holds great potential to improve the productivity and competitiveness of the additive manufacturing process. This integration minimizes the need for re-processing machined components and ensures compliance with technical specifications. By leveraging AI, the industry can enhance efficiency and overcome the challenges associated with achieving consistent product quality in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Batu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 33679, Ethiopia;
- Center of Armament and High Energy Materials, Institute of Research and Development, Ethiopian Defence University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 1041, Ethiopia
| | - Hirpa G. Lemu
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science, University of Stavanger (UiS), 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hailu Shimels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia;
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Tamir TS, Xiong G, Shen Z, Leng J, Fang Q, Yang Y, Jiang J, Lodhi E, Wang FY. 3D printing in materials manufacturing industry: A realm of Industry 4.0. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19689. [PMID: 37809506 PMCID: PMC10558948 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a new manufacturing trend showing promising progress over time in the era of Industry 4.0. So far, various research has been done for increasing the reliability and productivity of a 3D printing process. In this regard, reviewing the existing concepts and forwarding novel research directions are important. This paper reviews and summarizes the process flow, technologies, configurations, and monitoring of AM. It started with the general AM process flow, followed by the definitions and the working principles of various AM technologies and the possible AM configurations, such as traditional and robot-assisted AM. Then, defect detection, fault diagnosis, and open-loop and closed-loop control systems in AM are discussed. It is noted that introducing robots into the assisting mechanism of AM increases the reliability and productivity of the manufacturing process. Moreover, integrating machine learning and conventional control algorithms ensures a closed-loop control in AM, a promising control strategy. Lastly, the paper addresses the challenges and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Sinshaw Tamir
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Technology, Debremarkos University, Debremarkos, 269, Ethiopia
| | - Gang Xiong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing, Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Intelligent Manufacturing Center, Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiewu Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qihang Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Jingchao Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ehtisham Lodhi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fei-Yue Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing, Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Grassia V, Ronsivalle V, Isola G, Nucci L, Leonardi R, Lo Giudice A. Accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D printed orthodontic models finalized to clear aligners production, testing crowded and spaced dentition. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:352. [PMID: 37268910 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study's objective was to assess the accuracy (trueness and precision) of orthodontic models obtained from crowded and spaced dentition finalized for the production of clear aligners. Four 3D printers featuring different technologies and market segments were used for this purpose. METHODS Two digital master models were obtained from two patients featuring respectively crowded dentition (CM group) and diastema/edentulous spaces (DEM group). The 3D printers tested were: Form 3B (SLA technology, medium-professional segment), Vector 3SP (SLA technology, industrial segment), Asiga Pro 4K65 (DLP technology, high-professional segment), and Anycubic Photon M3 (LCD technology, entry-level segment). Each 3D printed model was scanned and superimposed onto the reference master model and digital deviation analysis was performed to assess the trueness and precision calculated as root mean square (RMS). All data were statistically examined to obtain intra-group and inter-groups comparisons(p 0.05). RESULTS In both CM and DEM groups, SLA 3D printers (Vector 3SP and Form 3B) showed lower trueness error compared to DLP/LCD technologies (Asiga Pro 4K65, Anycubic Photon M3) (p < 0.001). In general, the entry-level printer (Anycubic Photon M3) showed the greatest trueness error (p < 0.001). Comparing CM and DEM models generated with the same 3D printer, statistically significant differences were found only for Asiga Pro 4k65 and Anycubic Photon M3 printers (p > 0.05). Concerning data of precision, the DLP technology (Asiga Pro 4k65) showed lower error compared to the other 3D printers tested. The trueness and precision errors were within the accepted clinical error for clear aligner manufacturing (< 0.25 mm), with the entry-level 3D printer nearly reaching this value. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of orthodontic models generated for clear aligners can be affected by different 3D printer technologies and anatomical characteristics of dental arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grassia
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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20
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Tee YL, Nguyen-Xuan H, Tran P. Flexural properties of porcupine quill-inspired sandwich panels. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18. [PMID: 37158291 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acd096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the bending behaviour of the porcupine quill and bioinspired Voronoi sandwich panels, aiming to explore the effect of geometrical design on the bending performance of the inspired structures. Through the x-ray micro-computed tomography, the internal morphology of the quill is explored. The longitudinal cross-section of the porcupine quill revealed a functionally graded design in the foam structure. Based on this observation, Voronoi sandwich panels are designed by incorporating the Voronoi seed distribution strategy and gradient transition design configurations. Porcupine-inspired sandwich panels with various core designs are fabricated via material jetting technique and tested under three-point bending condition. Results show that the sample failed at the bottom face panels for uniform sandwich panels, whereas graded samples failed in the core panel. The bending behaviour developed via simulation software shows a good agreement with the experimental results. The parametric study provides insights into structural designs for engineering applications, particularly in the aerospace and automobile industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu Tee
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Nguyen-Xuan
- CIRTech Institute, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Tran
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Pragya A, Ghosh TK. Soft Functionally Gradient Materials and Structures - Natural and Manmade: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300912. [PMID: 37031358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have gradual variations in their properties along one or more dimensions due to local compositional or structural distinctions by design. Traditionally, hard materials (e.g., metals, ceramics) are used to design and fabricate FGMs; however, there is increasing interest in polymer-based soft and compliant FGMs mainly because of their potential application in the human environment. Soft FGMs are ideally suitable to manage interfacial problems in dissimilar materials used in many emerging devices and systems for human interaction, such as soft robotics and electronic textiles and beyond. Soft systems are ubiquitous in everyday lives; they are resilient and can easily deform, absorb energy, and adapt to changing environments. Here, the basic design and functional principles of biological FGMs and their manmade counterparts are discussed using representative examples. The remarkable multifunctional properties of natural FGMs resulting from their sophisticated hierarchical structures, built from a relatively limited choice of materials, offer a rich source of new design paradigms and manufacturing strategies for manmade materials and systems for emerging technological needs. Finally, the challenges and potential pathways are highlighted to leverage soft materials' facile processability and unique properties toward functional FGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pragya
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Tushar K Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Hassan A, Pedapati SR, Awang M, Soomro IA. A Comprehensive Review of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) of Non-Ferrous Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2723. [PMID: 37049016 PMCID: PMC10095819 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a key component of the fourth industrial revolution (IR4.0) that has received increased attention over the last three decades. Metal additive manufacturing is broadly classified into two types: melting-based additive manufacturing and solid-state additive manufacturing. Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) is a subset of solid-state additive manufacturing that produces big area multi-layered components through plate addition fashion using the friction stir welding (FSW) concept. Because of the solid-state process in nature, the part produced has equiaxed grain structure, which leads to better mechanical properties with less residual stresses and solidification defects when compared to existing melting-based additive manufacturing processes. The current review article intends to highlight the working principle and previous research conducted by various research groups using FSAM as an emerging material synthesizing technique. The summary of affecting process parameters and defects claimed for different research materials is discussed in detail based on open access experimental data. Mechanical properties such as microhardness and tensile strength, as well as microstructural properties such as grain refinement and morphology, are summarized in comparison to the base material. Furthermore, the viability and potential application of FSAM, as well as its current academic research status with technology readiness level and future recommendations are discussed meticulously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Rao Pedapati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mokhtar Awang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Imtiaz Ali Soomro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
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Dai J, Li P, Spintzyk S, Liu C, Xu S. Influence of additive manufacturing method and build angle on the accuracy of 3D-printed palatal plates. J Dent 2023; 132:104449. [PMID: 36773740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this in vitro study, the effects of additive manufacturing (AM) methods and build angles on the trueness and precision of 3D-printed palatal plate orthodontic appliances for newborns and infants were examined. METHODS Specimens were fabricated by different representative AM methods, including digital light processing (DLP), fused filament fabrication (FFF), and MultiJet printing (MJP). Three build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) were used. After scanning, all specimens were analyzed using the 3D inspection software. The root mean square values were measured for trueness and precision. Color maps were created to detect deviations in samples. The data were statistically analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS The trueness and precision were statistically influenced by both AM methods and build angles (p < 0.05). Moreover, the root mean square values of the 45° DLP (0.0221 ± 0.0017 μm) and the 0° MJP (0.0217 ± 0.0014 μm) were significantly lower compared to those in other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AM methods (DLP, FFF, and MJP) and build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) significantly impacted the dimensional accuracy of additively manufactured palatal plate orthodontic appliances. Also, the 45° DLP and the 0° MJP were associated with the highest trueness and precision. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE All tested AM methods with different build angles yielded clinically acceptable outcomes (within an acceptance range of ±300 μm for trueness), achieving the highest accuracy with a technology-specific suitable build angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- ADMiRE Reseach Center - Additive Manufacturing, intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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AlRawi A, Basha T, Elmeligy AO, Mousa NA, Mohammed G. The Role of Three-dimensional Printed Models in Women's Health. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231199040. [PMID: 37688305 PMCID: PMC10493061 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231199040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is an innovative technology that has gained prominence in recent years due to its attractive features such as affordability, efficiency, and quick production. The technology is used to produce a three-dimensional model by depositing materials in layers using specific printers. In the medical field, it has been increasingly used in various specialties, including neurosurgery, cardiology, and orthopedics, most commonly for the pre-planning of complex surgeries. In addition, it has been applied in therapeutic treatments, patient education, and training wof medical professionals. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, there is a limited number of studies in which three-dimensional printed models were applied. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of three-dimensional printing applications in the medical field, highlighting the few reported applications in obstetrics and gynecology. We also review all relevant studies and discuss the current challenges and limitations of adopting the technology in routine clinical practice. The technology has the potential to expand for wider applications related to women's health, including patient counseling, surgical training, and medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan AlRawi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tasneem Basha
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed O Elmeligy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noha A Mousa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Accuracy of orthodontic models prototyped for clear aligners therapy: a 3D Imaging analysis comparing different market segments 3D printing protocols. J Dent 2022; 124:104212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Shaukat U, Rossegger E, Schlögl S. A Review of Multi-Material 3D Printing of Functional Materials via Vat Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122449. [PMID: 35746024 PMCID: PMC9227803 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing of materials is a prominent process technology which involves the fabrication of materials layer-by-layer or point-by-point in a subsequent manner. With recent advancements in additive manufacturing, the technology has excited a great potential for extension of simple designs to complex multi-material geometries. Vat photopolymerization is a subdivision of additive manufacturing which possesses many attractive features, including excellent printing resolution, high dimensional accuracy, low-cost manufacturing, and the ability to spatially control the material properties. However, the technology is currently limited by design strategies, material chemistries, and equipment limitations. This review aims to provide readers with a comprehensive comparison of different additive manufacturing technologies along with detailed knowledge on advances in multi-material vat photopolymerization technologies. Furthermore, we describe popular material chemistries both from the past and more recently, along with future prospects to address the material-related limitations of vat photopolymerization. Examples of the impressive multi-material capabilities inspired by nature which are applicable today in multiple areas of life are briefly presented in the applications section. Finally, we describe our point of view on the future prospects of 3D printed multi-material structures as well as on the way forward towards promising further advancements in vat photopolymerization.
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27
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Sing SL, Yeong WY. Recent Progress in Research of Additive Manufacturing for Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112267. [PMID: 35683939 PMCID: PMC9183186 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swee Leong Sing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Correspondence: or
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
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28
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Rajakaruna RADNV, Subeshan B, Asmatulu E. Fabrication of hydrophobic PLA filaments for additive manufacturing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 57:8987-9001. [PMID: 35527806 PMCID: PMC9053124 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-022-07217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever-greater need for self-cleaning and water-repelling properties of hydrophobic materials at this time in history, mainly due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the fabrication processes used to create hydrophobic materials are typically time-consuming and costly. Thus, this study aims to create hydrophobic materials based on low-cost manufacturing. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) was mixed with various concentrations of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the aid of solvents, chloroform, and acetone, through the solvent casting and melt extrusion process, which is capable of producing hydrophobic PLA filaments suitable for additive manufacturing (AM). Water contact angle (WCA) measurements were performed to verify the improved hydrophobicity of PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filaments. According to the results, it was discovered that the best filament WCAs were achieved with 2 g (10 wt%) of PLA, 0.2 ml of HDTMS, and 1 ml of PTFE (2 g PLA + 0.2 ml HDTMS + 1 ml PTFE), producing an average WCA of 131.6° and the highest WCA of 132.7°. These results indicate that adding HDTMS and PTFE to PLA significantly enhances filament hydrophobicity. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were utilized to characterize the surface morphology, molecular interactions, and thermal decompositions of the prepared PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filaments. This study revealed that compared to 2 g of pure PLA filament, HDTMS and PTFE altered the microstructure of the filament. Its thermal degradation temperature was impacted, but the melting temperature was not. Therefore, the PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filament is good enough to be printed by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) AM process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balakrishnan Subeshan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - Eylem Asmatulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Hussain M, Wang M. Additive Manufacturing in Orthopedics: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1367-1380. [PMID: 35266709 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing manner that seems like the industrial revolution. It has the inborn benefit of producing complex formations, which are distinct from traditional machining technology. Its manufacturing strategy is flexible, including a wide range of materials, and its manufacturing cycle is short. Additive manufacturing techniques are progressively used in bone research and orthopedic operation as more innovative materials are developed. This Review lists the recent research results, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of diverse three-dimensional printing strategies in orthopedics, and sums up the use of varying 3D printing strategies in surgical guides, surgical implants, surgical predictive models, and bone tissue engineering. Moreover, various postprocessing methods for additive manufacturing for orthopedics are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No.172 Yinpenling Street, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No.172 Yinpenling Street, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Mubashir Hussain
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No.4089 Shahe West Road, Xinwei Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Medical 3D Printing with a focus on Point-of-Care in Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery. A systematic review of literature. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Elliott T, Hamilton A, Griseto N, Gallucci GO. Additively Manufactured Surgical Implant Guides: A Review. J Prosthodont 2022; 31:38-46. [PMID: 35313020 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Static computer assisted implant surgery (s-CAIS) is an integral part of the digital workflow in implant dentistry and provides the link between the virtual planning environment and surgical field. The accuracy of s-CAIS is influenced by many cumulative factors including the fit of the template which is related to the manufacturing process. This critical review provides an overview of the current research on additively manufactured surgical implant guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Elliott
- Division of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Adam Hamilton
- Division of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Regenerative and Implant Sciences, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Neil Griseto
- Division of Regenerative and Implant Sciences, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - German O Gallucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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Ogishi K, Osaki T, Morimoto Y, Takeuchi S. 3D printed microfluidic devices for lipid bilayer recordings. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:890-898. [PMID: 35133381 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper verifies the single-step and monolithic fabrication of 3D structural lipid bilayer devices using stereolithography. Lipid bilayer devices are utilized to host membrane proteins in vitro for biological assays or sensing applications. There is a growing demand to fabricate functional lipid bilayer devices with a short lead-time, and the monolithic fabrication of components by 3D printing is highly anticipated. However, the prerequisites of 3D printing materials which lead to reproducible lipid bilayer formation are still unknown. Here, we examined the feasibility of membrane protein measurement using lipid bilayer devices fabricated by stereolithography. The 3D printing materials were characterized and the surface smoothness and hydrophobicity were found to be the relevant factors for successful lipid bilayer formation. The devices were comparable to the ones fabricated by conventional procedures in terms of measurement performances like the amplitude of noise and the waiting time for lipid bilayer formation. We further demonstrated the extendibility of the technology for the functionalization of devices, such as incorporating microfluidic channels for solution exchangeability and arraying multiple chambers for robust measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Ogishi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Toshihisa Osaki
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yuya Morimoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-0012, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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New Methodology for Evaluating Surface Quality of Experimental Aerodynamic Models Manufactured by Polymer Jetting Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030371. [PMID: 35160361 PMCID: PMC8839252 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The additive manufacturing (AM) applications have attracted a great deal of interest with regard to experimental aerodynamic studies. There is a need for a universal roughness scale that characterizes different materials used in aerodynamic research. The main purpose of this paper is identification of the potential of a material jetting AM process to produce accurate aerodynamic surfaces. A new methodology to evaluate the roughness of aerodynamic profiles (airfoils) was proposed. A very short-span wing artifact for preliminary tests and a long-span wing model were proposed for design of experiments. Different artifacts orientations were analyzed, maintaining the same surface quality on the upper and lower surface of the wing. A translucent polymeric resin was used for samples manufacturing by polymer jetting (PolyJet) technology. The effects of main factors on the surface roughness of the wing were investigated using the statistical design of experiments. Three interest locations, meaning the leading-edge, central, and trailing-edge zones, on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil were considered. The best results were obtained for a sample oriented at XY on the build platform, in matte finish type, with a mean Ra roughness in the range of 2 to 3.5 μm. Microscopy studies were performed to analyze and characterize the surfaces of the wing samples on their different zones.
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Post-Processing Techniques to Enhance the Quality of Metallic Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes can produce three-dimensional (3D) near-net-shape parts based on computer-aided design (CAD) models. Compared to traditional manufacturing processes, AM processes can generate parts with intricate geometries, operational flexibility and reduced manufacturing time, thus saving time and money. On the other hand, AM processes face complex issues, including poor surface finish, unwanted microstructure phases, defects, wear tracks, reduced corrosion resistance and reduced fatigue life. These problems prevent AM parts from real-time operational applications. Post-processing techniques, including laser shock peening, laser polishing, conventional machining methods and thermal processes, are usually applied to resolve these issues. These processes have proved their capability to enhance the surface characteristics and physical and mechanical properties. In this study, various post-processing techniques and their implementations have been compiled. The effect of post-processing techniques on additively manufactured parts has been discussed. It was found that laser shock peening (LSP) can cause severe strain rate generation, especially in thinner components. LSP can control the surface regularities and local grain refinement, thus elevating the hardness value. Laser polishing (LP) can reduce surface roughness up to 95% and increase hardness, collectively, compared to the as-built parts. Conventional machining processes enhance surface quality; however, their influence on hardness has not been proved yet. Thermal post-processing techniques are applied to eliminate porosity up to 99.99%, increase corrosion resistance, and finally, the mechanical properties’ elevation. For future perspectives, to prescribe a particular post-processing technique for specific defects, standardization is necessary. This study provides a detailed overview of the post-processing techniques applied to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of AM-ed parts. A particular method can be chosen based on one’s requirements.
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Mustahsan VM, Anugu A, Komatsu DE, Kao I, Pentyala S. Biocompatible Customized 3D Bone Scaffolds Treated with CRFP, an Osteogenic Peptide. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120199. [PMID: 34940352 PMCID: PMC8698998 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently used synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS) are either too weak to bear the principal load or if metallic, they can support loading, but can lead to stress shielding and are unable to integrate fully. In this study, we developed biocompatible, 3D printed scaffolds derived from µCT images of the bone that can overcome these issues and support the growth of osteoblasts. METHODS Cylindrical scaffolds were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Stratasys® MED 610 (MED610) materials. The 3D-printed scaffolds were seeded with Mus musculus calvaria cells (MC3T3). After the cells attained confluence, osteogenesis was induced with and without the addition of calcitonin receptor fragment peptide (CRFP) and the bone matrix production was analyzed. Mechanical compression testing was carried out to measure compressive strength, stiffness, and elastic modulus. RESULTS For the ABS scaffolds, there was a 9.8% increase in compressive strength (p < 0.05) in the scaffolds with no pre-coating and the treatment with CRFP, compared to non-treated scaffolds. Similarly, MED610 scaffolds treated with CRFP showed an 11.9% (polylysine pre-coating) and a 20% (no pre-coating) increase (p < 0.01) in compressive strength compared to non-treated scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS MED610 scaffolds are excellent BGS as they support osteoblast growth and show enhanced bone growth with enhanced compressive strength when augmented with CRFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamiq M. Mustahsan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (V.M.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Amith Anugu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (V.M.M.); (A.A.)
| | - David E. Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Imin Kao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Srinivas Pentyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (V.M.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
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