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Tan YL, Wong YJ, Ong NWX, Leow Y, Wong JHM, Boo YJ, Goh R, Loh XJ. Adhesion Evolution: Designing Smart Polymeric Adhesive Systems with On-Demand Reversible Switchability. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24682-24704. [PMID: 39185924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Smart polymeric switchable adhesives represent a rapidly emerging class of advanced materials, exhibiting the ability to undergo on-demand transitioning between "On" and "Off" adhesion states. By selectively tuning external stimuli triggers (including temperature, light, electricity, magnetism, and chemical agents), we can engineer these materials to undergo reversible changes in their bonding capabilities. The strategic design selection of stimuli is a pivotal factor in the design of switchable adhesive systems. This review outlines recent advancements in the field of smart switchable polymeric adhesives over the past decade with a focus on the selection of stimulus triggers. These systems are further categorized into one of four adhesion switching mechanisms upon initiation by a specific stimuli-trigger: (i) interfacial adhesion, (ii) stiffness, (iii) contact area, or (iv) suction-based switching. Evaluation of adhesion switching performance across systems is primarily made based on three key metrics: (i) maximum adhesion strength, (ii) switch ratio, and (iii) switch time. Different stimuli and mechanisms offer distinct advantages and limitations, influencing the performance characteristics and applicability of these materials across domains such as detachable biomedical devices, robotic grippers, and climbing robots. This review thus offers a perspective on the present advancements and challenges in this emerging field, along with insights into future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Jing Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicholas Wei Xun Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joey Hui Min Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rubayn Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Doostmohammadi H, Kashmarizad K, Baniassadi M, Bodaghi M, Baghani M. 4D printing and optimization of biocompatible poly lactic acid/poly methyl methacrylate blends for enhanced shape memory and mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106719. [PMID: 39244990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel approach to 4D printing of biocompatible Poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) blends using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The goal is to optimize PMMA content, nozzle temperature, raster angle, and printing speed to enhance shape memory properties and mechanical strength. The materials, PLA and PMMA, are melt-blended and 4D printed using a pellet-based 3D printer. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) assess the thermal behavior and compatibility of the blends. The ANN model demonstrates superior prediction accuracy and generalization capability compared to the RSM model. Experimental results show a shape recovery ratio of 100% and an ultimate tensile strength of 65.2 MPa, significantly higher than pure PLA. A bio-screw, 4D printed with optimized parameters, demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and shape memory behavior, suitable for biomedical applications such as orthopaedics and dental implants. This research presents an innovative method for 4D printing PLA/PMMA blends, highlighting their potential in creating advanced, high-performance biocompatible materials for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Doostmohammadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyab Kashmarizad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Mostafa Baghani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Gigola F, Morini F, Libro G, Morabito A, Grimaldi C. Congenital hepatoblastoma: Expanding knowledge, improving outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31132. [PMID: 38952263 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare liver tumour, and its congenital counterpart (CHB) is even less frequent. CHB has a clinically challenging management and a generally perceived worse outcome. This study aims to review the literature on CHB to better define presentation, diagnosis, available treatments and management options. The analysis of outcomes suggests that a significant portion of mortality is unrelated to the malignant nature of the tumour. Key factors influencing overall outcomes were identified: mortality linked to the 'mass effect' during both the prenatal (22%) and perinatal (32%) stages, as well as 'oncological' mortality encompassing tumour and/or treatment-related factors (46%). Overall, after birth, CHB does not seem to confer a worse oncological prognosis per se, and should be managed similarly to older children, if patients are stable enough to undergo proper staging and treatment. A deeper knowledge and better outcomes would come from a large, homogeneous, collection of data possibly allowing a global protocol, focusing on a comprehensive management of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gigola
- School of Pediatric Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Morini
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgia Libro
- School of Pediatric Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Grimaldi
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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4
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Ziegler K, Schlichter L, Post Y, Gröschel AH, Ravoo BJ. Photoresponsive Block Copolymer Nanostructures through Implementation of Arylazopyrazoles. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1065-1071. [PMID: 39094101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Responsive nanomaterials that can undergo reversible changes in morphology are interesting for the development of functional materials that interact with and respond to their environment. Amphiphilic block copolymers are well-known for their ability to create a wide range of supramolecular nanostructures in solution. Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are versatile molecular photoswitches, which change their configuration and hydrophobicity upon irradiation with UV light (365 nm, Z isomer, less hydrophobic) and green light (520 nm, E isomer, more hydrophobic). In this work, photoswitchable block copolymers containing arylazopyrazole tetraethylene glycol methacrylate (AAPMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) forming amphiphilic POEGMA-b-PAAPMA with varying block lengths are prepared by RAFT polymerization. The photochemical properties of AAP persist in the polymers. Due to their amphiphilic structure, the polymers self-assemble into supramolecular morphologies in water. Remarkably, photoisomerization results in a reversible change in the self-assembly behavior. Specifically, spherical and cylindrical micelles are observed for POEGMA33-b-PAAPMA47 when illuminated with green or UV light during assembly. Furthermore, the morphology of assembled structures can be reversibly switched by subsequent irradiation with UV and green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Schlichter
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yorick Post
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Chen Q, Kalpoe T, Jovanova J. Design of mechanically intelligent structures: Review of modelling stimuli-responsive materials for adaptive structures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34026. [PMID: 39113988 PMCID: PMC11304024 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Smart materials are upcoming in many industries due to their unique properties and wide range of applicability. These materials have the potential to transform traditional engineering practices by enabling the development of more efficient, adaptive, and responsive systems. However, smart materials are characterized by nonlinear behaviour and complex constitutive models, posing challenges in modelling and simulation. Therefore, understanding their mechanical properties is crucial for model-based design. This review aims for advancements in numerically implementing various smart materials, especially focusing on their nonlinear deformation behaviours. Different mechanisms and functionalities, classification, constitutive models and applications of smart materials were analyzed. In addition, different numerical approaches for modelling across scales were investigated. This review also explored the strategies and implementations for mechanically intelligent structures using smart materials. In conclusion, the potential model-based design methodology for the multiple smart material-based structures is proposed, which provides guidance for the future development of mechanically intelligent structures in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Chen
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Tarish Kalpoe
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Jovana Jovanova
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
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Staszczak M, Urbański L, Gradys A, Cristea M, Pieczyska EA. Nucleation, Development and Healing of Micro-Cracks in Shape Memory Polyurethane Subjected to Subsequent Tension Cycles. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1930. [PMID: 39000785 PMCID: PMC11244466 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) have garnered increasing interest for their exceptional ability to retain a temporary shape and recover the original configuration through temperature changes, making them promising in various applications. The SMP shape change and recovery that happen due to a combination of mechanical loading and appropriate temperatures are related to its particular microstructure. The deformation process leads to the formation and growth of micro-cracks in the SMP structure, whereas the subsequent heating over its glass transition temperature Tg leads to the recovery of its original shape and properties. These processes also affect the SMP microstructure. In addition to the observed macroscopic shape recovery, the healing of micro-crazes and micro-cracks that have nucleated and developed during the loading occurs. Therefore, our study delves into the microscopic aspect, specifically addressing the healing of micro-cracks in the cyclic loading process. The proposed research concerns a thermoplastic polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU-SMP) MM4520 with a Tg of 45 °C. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the number of tensile loading-unloading cycles and thermal shape recovery on the evolution of the PU-SMP microstructure. To this end, comprehensive research starting from structural characterization of the initial state and at various stages of the PU-SMP mechanical loading was conducted. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Moreover, the shape memory behavior in the thermomechanical loading program was investigated. The obtained average shape fixity value was 99%, while the shape recovery was 92%, which confirmed good shape memory properties of the PU-SMP. Our findings reveal that even during a single loading-unloading tension cycle, crazes and cracks nucleate on the surface of the PU-SMP specimen, whereas the subsequent temperature-induced shape recovery process carried out at the temperature above Tg enables the healing of micro-cracks. Interestingly, the surface of the specimen after three and five loading-unloading cycles did not exhibit crazes and cracks, although some traces of cracks were visible. The traces disappeared after exposing the material to heating at Tg + 20 °C (65 °C) for 30 min. The crack closure phenomenon during deformation, even without heating over Tg, occurred within three and five subsequent cycles of loading-unloading. Notably, in the case of eight loading-unloading cycles, cracks appeared on the surface of the PU-SMP and were healed only after thermal recovery at the particular temperature over Tg. Upon reaching a critical number of cycles, the proper amount of energy required for crack propagation was attained, resulting in wide-open cracks on the material's surface. It is worth noting that WAXS analysis did not indicate strong signs of typical highly ordered structures in the PU-SMP specimens in their initial state and after the loading history; however, some orientation after the cyclic deformation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Staszczak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Urbański
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gradys
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariana Cristea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iași, Romania
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Jain H, Ghosh S. Imprinting reversible deformations on a compressed soft rod network. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5053-5059. [PMID: 38874537 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We present emergent behaviour of storing mechanical deformation in compressed soft cellular materials (a network of soft polymeric rods). Under an applied compressive strain field, the soft cellular material transits from an elastic regime to a 'pseudo-plastic' regime (not to be confused with pseudoplasticity in fluids). In the elastic phase, it is capable of forgetting (or relaxing) any applied indentation once the applied indentation is removed. This relaxation will be determined by the visco-elasticity and internal relaxation timescales in polymeric hyperelastic cellular materials. In the pseudo-plastic phase, however, the material is capable of storing local indentation (or deformation) indefinitely. This deformation can be erased via removal of the external strain field and is therefore reversible. We characterise this behaviour experimentally and present a simple model that makes use of friction for understanding this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Jain
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Center for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, India.
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, India
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Shi CY, Qin WY, Qu DH. Semi-crystalline polymers with supramolecular synergistic interactions: from mechanical toughening to dynamic smart materials. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8295-8310. [PMID: 38846397 PMCID: PMC11151828 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Semi-crystalline polymers (SCPs) with anisotropic amorphous and crystalline domains as the basic skeleton are ubiquitous from natural products to synthetic polymers. The combination of chemically incompatible hard and soft phases contributes to unique thermal and mechanical properties. The further introduction of supramolecular interactions as noncovalently interacting crystal phases and soft dynamic crosslinking sites can synergize with covalent polymer chains, thereby enabling effective energy dissipation and dynamic rearrangement in hierarchical superstructures. Therefore, this review will focus on the design principles of SCPs by discussing supramolecular construction strategies and state-of-the-art functional applications from mechanical toughening to sophisticated functions such as dynamic adaptivity, shape memory, ion transport, etc. Current challenges and further opportunities are discussed to provide an overview of possible future directions and potential material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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9
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Chalissery D, Pretsch T. 4D-Printed Tool for Compressing a Shape Memory Polyurethane Foam during Programming. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1393. [PMID: 38794586 PMCID: PMC11124973 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several force application concepts are known that can be used to deform shape memory polymers (SMPs) within the scope of programming, controlled deformation is challenging in the case of samples with a cylinder-like shape, which need to be homogeneously compressed starting from the lateral surface. To solve this problem, this contribution follows a material approach that takes advantage of four-dimensional (4D) printing. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) was used as an additive manufacturing (AM) technique to produce a thermoresponsive tool in a cylindrical shape from a polyether urethane (PEU) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) close to 55 °C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Once it was 4D-printed, a sample of laser cut polyester urethane urea (PEUU) foam with a cylindrical wall was placed inside of it. Subsequent heating to 75 °C and keeping that temperature constant for 15 min resulted in the compression of the foam, because the internal stresses of the PEU were transferred to the PEUU, whose soft segments were completely molten at 65 °C as verified by DSC. Upon cooling to -15 °C and thus below the offset temperature of the soft segment crystallization transition of the PEUU, the foam was fixed in its new shape. After 900 days of storage at temperatures close to 23 °C, the foam recovered its original shape upon reheating to 75 °C. In another experiment, a 4D-printed cylinder was put into hibernation for 900 days before its thermoresponsiveness was investigated. In the future, 4D-printed tools may be produced in many geometries, which fit well to the shapes of the SMPs to be programmed. Beyond programming SMP foams, transferring the forces released by 4D-printed tools to other programmable materials can further expand technical possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorsten Pretsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
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Cecen B, Hassan S, Li X, Zhang YS. Smart Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications: Current Advances and Possible Future Directions. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2200550. [PMID: 37728061 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Smart biomaterials with the capacity to alter their properties in response to an outside stimulus or from within the environment around them have picked up significant attention in the biomedical community. This is primarily due to the interest in their biomedical applications that may be anticipated from them in a considerable number of dynamic structures and devices. Shape-memory materials are some of these materials that have been exclusively used for these applications. They exhibit unique structural reconfiguration features they adapt as per the provided environmental conditions and can be designed for their enhanced biocompatibility. Numerous research initiatives have focused on these smart biocompatible materials over the last few decades to enhance their biomedical applications. Shape-memory materials play a significant role in this regard to meet new surgical and medical devices' requirements for special features and utility cases. Because of the favorable design variety, different biomedical shape-memory materials can be developed by modifying their chemical and physical behaviors to accommodate the desired requirements. In this review, recent advances and characteristics of smart biomaterials for biomedical applications are described. The authors also discuss about their clinical translations in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berivan Cecen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, 08028, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, 08028, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Department of Biology, Khalifa University, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Zhang L, Chai W, Zhang J, Chen Z, Yue Z, Wang J, Yu J. Switchable surface and loading/release of target molecules in hierarchically porous PLA nonwovens based on shape memory effect. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6199-6204. [PMID: 38375019 PMCID: PMC10875605 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, hierarchically porous PLA (polylactic acid) shape memory nonwovens were prepared by electrospinning its blend solution with PEO (polyethylene oxide) and subsequent water etching. Based on shape memory effect resulting from tiny crystals and the amorphous matrix of PLA, the switch between compact and porous surfaces has been achieved via cyclical hot-pressing and recovery in a hot water bath. After hot-pressing, the disappearance of hierarchical pores contributes to compact surface, enabling embedding of the target molecule in PLA nonwoven (i.e., CLOSE state). Upon exposure to heat, PLA nonwoven recovers to its permanent shape and exhibits a porous surface, providing a penetrative diffusion pathway for small molecules (i.e., OPEN state). The hierarchically porous structure and shape memory effect endow PLA nonwoven with the capability of rapid release. Our results provide a good candidate for some potential applications, such as temperature-controlled quick-release of catalysts and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuo Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University Huludao 125105 China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Wenqiang Chai
- Tongxiang Jianmin Filter Material Product Co. LTD. 314511 Jiaxing China
| | - Jiaru Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Zhouli Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Hangzhou 311203 China
| | - Ziyang Yue
- College of Science, Liaoning Technical University Fuxin 123000 China
| | - Jiayao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Jiankang Yu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University Huludao 125105 China
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Beshkoofe S, Baniassadi M, Mahdavi Nejad A, Sheidaei A, Baghani M. Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Shape Memory Polymers: Designing a Minichannel Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:500. [PMID: 38399878 PMCID: PMC10892316 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This research proposes a numerical approach to improve the thermal performance of shape memory polymers (SMPs) while their mechanical properties remain intact. Sixteen different 3D minichannel structures were numerically designed to investigate the impact of embedded water flow in microchannel networks on the thermal response and shape recovery of SMPs. This work employs two approaches, each with different physics: approach A focuses on solid mechanics analysis and, accordingly, thermal analysis in solids without considering the fluid. approach B tackles solid and fluid mechanics analysis and thermal analysis in both solid and fluid subdomains, which inherently calls for fluid-structure coupling in a uniform procedure. Finally, the results of these two approaches are compared to predict the SMP's thermal and mechanical behavior. The structural designs are then analyzed in terms of their shape recovery speed, recovery ratio, and recovery parameters. The results indicate that isotropic structures thermally outperform their anisotropic counterparts, exhibiting improved thermal characteristics and faster shape recovery. Additionally, it was observed that polymeric structures with a low volume fraction of embedded branches thermally perform efficiently. The findings of this study predict that the geometrical angle between the main branch and sub-branches of SMP favorably impacts the enhancement of thermal characteristics of the structure, accelerating its shape recovery. Approach B accelerates the shape recovery rate in SMPs due to fluid flow and uniform heat transfer within the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saed Beshkoofe
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439814151, Iran
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439814151, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Sheidaei
- Aerospace Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mostafa Baghani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439814151, Iran
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13
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Sanaka R, Sahu SK. Experimental investigation into mechanical, thermal, and shape memory behavior of thermoresponsive PU/MXene shape memory polymer nanocomposite. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24014. [PMID: 38293526 PMCID: PMC10825426 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This research presents an experimental investigation into the mechanical, thermal, and shape memory behavior of a thermos-responsive polyurethane (PU) reinforced with 0-1.0 wt % of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanofiller. The PU/MXene nanocomposites were fabricated using sonication and injection molding route. The 0.5 wt % PU/MXene nanocomposite showed the optimum mechanical properties i.e. tensile modulus, tensile strength, and hardness value, which are improved by 22, 281, and 19 %, respectively, compared to pure PU. The improvement is observed in melting temperature (Tm), the heat of melting (hm), crystallization temperature (Tc), and the heat of crystallization (hc) results. The percentage of crystallinity revealed enhancements of 6 %, 18 %, 24 %, and 34 % for 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt % PU/MXene samples respectively compared to pure PU. The findings from the shape recovery experiments demonstrated that the inclusion of MXene has no impact on both the shape fixity and shape recovery performance. The PU/MXene nanocomposite with improved mechanical and thermal properties can find potential applications in robotics actuators, medical devices, sensors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajita Sanaka
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT-AP University, Besides A.P. Secretariat, Amaravati 522237, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT-AP University, Besides A.P. Secretariat, Amaravati 522237, Andhra Pradesh, India
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14
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Zhen X, Cui X, Al-Haimi AANM, Wang X, Liang H, Xu Z, Wang Z. Fully bio-based epoxy resins from lignin and epoxidized soybean oil: Rigid-flexible, tunable properties and high lignin content. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127760. [PMID: 37926316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) in thermosetting polymers is impeded by its unsatisfactory thermomechanical properties. Here, in order to address the limitation, technical lignin was modified by tung oil anhydride and then used as the hardener to compensate for the inherent flexibility defects of ESO thermosets (TLs). As the lignin content increased, a notable improvement in the activation energy of TLs was observed, attributed to the restraining effect of lignin's rigid structure on segmental relaxation. Concurrently, the tensile strength of TLs increased from 2.8 MPa to 34.0 MPa, concomitant with a decrease in elongation at break from 32.9 % to 8.0 %. Comparative analysis with TL-0 (devoid of lignin) demonstrated substantial enhancements in glass transition temperature, shape fixation ratio, and shape recovery ratio for TL-50 (comprising 50 wt% of lignin), elevating from 16.9 °C, 89.1 %, and 89.5 % to 118.6 °C, 94.0 %, and 99.3 %, respectively. These results unequivocally highlight the favorable dynamic mechanical and shape memory properties conferred upon TLs by lignin addition. While the introduction of lignin adversely affected thermal stability, a notable improvement in char yield (800 °C) was observed. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of technical lignin as a promising bio-based curing agent for ESO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Xuelu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor Al-Haimi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Huijun Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Zhongbin Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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15
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Tiell SM, Chennoju M, Davis BL, Owusu-Danquah J. Effects of ultrasound settings on temperature changes in NiTi implants. Med Eng Phys 2024; 123:104081. [PMID: 38365335 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are well-known for their unique ability to undergo a shape change in response to a thermal stimulus. A frequently-used SMA for biomedical devices is NiTi, although its superelastic features tend to be emphasized more than the ability to change shape. Minimally invasive NiTi implants which can reconfigure or adjust their shape across several temperature points could provide desirable surgical outcomes. For decades, therapeutic ultrasound has been used medically as a non-invasive method for tissue thermal therapy. Ultrasound's ability to quickly raise temperatures, and transcutaneously activate shape changes in NiTi implants is a novel approach for eliciting the martensitic thermoelastic transformation. METHODS The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of therapeutic ultrasound that correspond with temperature changes in different NiTi specimens. For this purpose, ultrasound was applied to two NiTi specimens for two minutes each at varying low- and high-frequency and power settings using a Sonicator 740 and a Dynatron 150. FINDINGS The baseline temperature for all 32 trials was room temperature (23.0 ± 1.7°C). This study successfully increased the specimen temperature with the application of Sonicator 740 and Dynatron 150 therapeutic ultrasound machines (2.2 ± 2.4°C and 1.5 ± 1.15°C, respectively). From the statistical analyses of the experimental data, it was clear that there is a significant difference between low- and high-power settings on mean temperature change using the Dynatron 150 (ANCOVA; p = 0.013). Interpretation Of clinical relevance, NiTi implants can quickly and easily increase in temperature when applying therapeutic ultrasound. Ultrasound power causes temperature changes and should be accounted for when designing orthopedic implants for applications where dimensional changes are desirable.
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16
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Lu J, Jiang G. Guarding skin under PPE: Mechanistic insights and technological innovations. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13520. [PMID: 38009022 PMCID: PMC10626285 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact, healthcare workers (HCWs) necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). For optimal safety, PPE should securely conform to the skin during extended wear. However, conventional PPE often lacks adequate air permeability and hygroscopicity, trapping heat and moisture emitted by the body within the enclosure. Such a hot and humid internal environment can induce skin damage, such as erythema, rash, pruritus, and itching among others, leading to microbial growth on the skin surface, the production of inflammatory mediators at the wound site and an increased risk of infection. This review strives to comprehensively elucidate the fundamental mechanisms triggering adverse skin reactions and their resultant manifestations. Furthermore, we explore recent advancements aimed at inhibiting these mechanisms to effectively mitigate the occurrence of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Lu
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
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17
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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18
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Muchlis AMG, Yang C, Tsai YT, Ummartyotin S, Lin CC. Multiresponsive Self-Healing Lanthanide Fluorescent Hydrogel for Smart Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46085-46097. [PMID: 37732796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide organometallic complexes exhibit strong luminescence characteristics, owing to their antenna effects. The f-d energy level transition causes this phenomenon, which occurs when ligands and the external electrons of lanthanide metals coordinate. Based on this phenomenon, we used two lanthanide metals, europium (Eu) and terbium (Tb), in the present study as the metal center for iminodiacetic acid ligands. Further, we developed the resulting fluorescent organometallic complex as a smart material. The ligand-metal bond in the material functioned as a metal chelating agent and a cross-linking agent in a dynamically coordinated form, thereby prompting the material to self-heal. Temperature-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide was incorporated into the material as the polymer backbone. Afterward, we combined it with water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) and an additional ligand from poly(acrylic acid) to fabricate a high-performance hydrogel composite material. The shrinkage and expansion of the polymer form a grid between the materials. Because of the different coordination stabilities of Eu3+ and Tb3+, the corresponding material exhibits environmental responses toward excitation wavelength, temperature, and pH, thus generating different colors. When used in fabrics, the cross-linking mechanism of the material effectively looped the material between fabric fibers; furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the polymer adjusted the size of pores between fabric fibers. At relatively higher temperatures (>32 °C), the polymer structure shrank, fiber pores expanded, and air permeability improved. Thus, this material appears to be promising for use in smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Yang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chun Che Lin
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106334, Taiwan
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19
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Zhou Z, Tang W, Yang J, Fan C. Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6403-6420. [PMID: 37599608 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have remained the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years. The current clinical therapeutic measures, including bypass surgery, stent implantation and pharmacotherapy, are not enough to repair the massive loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial ischemia. Timely replenishment with functional myocardial tissue via biomedical engineering is the most direct and effective means to improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients. It is widely recognized that 4D printing technology introduces an additional dimension of time in comparison with traditional 3D printing. Additionally, in the context of 4D bioprinting, both the printed material and the resulting product are designed to be biocompatible, which will be the mainstream of bioprinting in the future. Thus, this review focuses on the application of 4D bioprinting in cardiovascular diseases, discusses the bottleneck of the development of 4D bioprinting, and finally looks forward to the future direction and prospect of this revolutionary technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
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20
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Bhandari S, Yadav V, Ishaq A, Sanipini S, Ekhator C, Khleif R, Beheshtaein A, Jhajj LK, Khan AW, Al Khalifa A, Naseem MA, Bellegarde SB, Nadeem MA. Trends and Challenges in the Development of 3D-Printed Heart Valves and Other Cardiac Implants: A Review of Current Advances. Cureus 2023; 15:e43204. [PMID: 37565179 PMCID: PMC10411854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the current trends and challenges in the development of 3D-printed heart valves and other cardiac implants. By providing personalized solutions and pushing the limits of regenerative medicine, 3D printing technology has revolutionized the field of cardiac healthcare. The use of several organic and synthetic polymers in 3D printing heart valves is explored in this article, with emphasis on both their benefits and drawbacks. In cardiac tissue engineering, stem cells are essential, and their potential to lessen immunological rejection and thrombogenic consequences is highlighted. In the clinical applications section, the article emphasizes the importance of 3D printing in preoperative planning. Surgery results are enhanced when surgeons can visualize and assess the size and placement of implants using patient-specific anatomical models. Customized implants that are designed to match the anatomy of a particular patient reduce the likelihood of complications and enhance postoperative results. The development of physiologically active cardiac implants, made possible by 3D bioprinting, shows promise by eliminating the need for artificial valves. In conclusion, this paper highlights cutting-edge research and the promise of 3D-printed cardiac implants to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize cardiac treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Aqsa Ishaq
- Internal Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, PAK
| | | | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Rafeef Khleif
- Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba, ABW
| | - Alee Beheshtaein
- Internal Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Loveleen K Jhajj
- Internal Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | | | - Ahmed Al Khalifa
- Medicine, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, SAU
| | | | - Sophia B Bellegarde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG
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21
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Mejía-Manzano LA, Vázquez-Villegas P, Prado-Cervantes LV, Franco-Gómez KX, Carbajal-Ocaña S, Sotelo-Cortés DL, Atehortúa-Benítez V, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Membrillo-Hernández J. Advances in Material Modification with Smart Functional Polymers for Combating Biofilms in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3021. [PMID: 37514410 PMCID: PMC10383963 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms as living microorganism communities are found anywhere, and for the healthcare sector, these constitute a threat and allied mechanism for health-associated or nosocomial infections. This review states the basis of biofilms and their formation. It focuses on their relevance for the biomedical sector, generalities, and the major advances in modified or new synthesized materials to prevent or control biofilm formation in biomedicine. Biofilm is conceptualized as an aggregate of cells highly communicated in an extracellular matrix, which the formation obeys to molecular and genetic basis. The biofilm offers protection to microorganisms from unfavorable environmental conditions. The most frequent genera of microorganisms forming biofilms and reported in infections are Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., and Candida spp. in implants, heart valves, catheters, medical devices, and prostheses. During the last decade, biofilms have been most commonly related to health-associated infections and deaths in Europe, the United States, and Mexico. Smart, functional polymers are materials capable of responding to diverse stimuli. These represent a strategy to fight against biofilms through the modification or synthesis of new materials. Polypropylene and poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide were used enough in the literature analysis performed. Even smart polymers serve as delivery systems for other substances, such as antibiotics, for biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Mejía-Manzano
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | - Patricia Vázquez-Villegas
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | | | | | - Susana Carbajal-Ocaña
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Membrillo-Hernández
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
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22
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Filippova OV, Maksimkin AV, Dayyoub T, Larionov DI, Telyshev DV. Sustainable Elastomers for Actuators: "Green" Synthetic Approaches and Material Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2755. [PMID: 37376401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric materials have great application potential in actuator design and soft robot development. The most common elastomers used for these purposes are polyurethanes, silicones, and acrylic elastomers due to their outstanding physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Currently, these types of polymers are produced by traditional synthetic methods, which may be harmful to the environment and hazardous to human health. The development of new synthetic routes using green chemistry principles is an important step to reduce the ecological footprint and create more sustainable biocompatible materials. Another promising trend is the synthesis of other types of elastomers from renewable bioresources, such as terpenes, lignin, chitin, various bio-oils, etc. The aim of this review is to address existing approaches to the synthesis of elastomers using "green" chemistry methods, compare the properties of sustainable elastomers with the properties of materials produced by traditional methods, and analyze the feasibility of said sustainable elastomers for the development of actuators. Finally, the advantages and challenges of existing "green" methods of elastomer synthesis will be summarized, along with an estimation of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Filippova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Maksimkin
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tarek Dayyoub
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Larionov
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Telyshev
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Dayyoub T, Maksimkin A, Larionov DI, Filippova OV, Telyshev DV, Gerasimenko AY. Preparation of Linear Actuators Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Activated by AC Voltage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2739. [PMID: 37376383 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the preparation of actuators based on ionic electroactive polymers with a fast response is considered an urgent topic. In this article, a new approach to activate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels by applying an AC voltage is proposed. The suggested approach involves an activation mechanism in which the PVA hydrogel-based actuators undergo extension/contraction (swelling/shrinking) cycles due to the local vibration of the ions. The vibration does not cause movement towards the electrodes but results in hydrogel heating, transforming the water molecules into a gaseous state and causing the actuator to swell. Two types of linear actuators based on PVA hydrogels were prepared, using two types of reinforcement for the elastomeric shell (spiral weave and fabric woven braided mesh). The extension/contraction of the actuators, activation time, and efficiency were studied, considering the PVA content, applied voltage, frequency, and load. It was found that the overall extension of the spiral weave-reinforced actuators under a load of ~20 kPa can reach more than 60%, with an activation time of ~3 s by applying an AC voltage of 200 V and a frequency of 500 Hz. Conversely, the overall contraction of the actuators reinforced by fabric woven braided mesh under the same conditions can reach more than 20%, with an activation time of ~3 s. Moreover, the activation force (swelling load) of the PVA hydrogels can reach up to 297 kPa. The developed actuators have broad applications in medicine, soft robotics, the aerospace industry, and artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Dayyoub
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Maksimkin
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Larionov
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Filippova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Telyshev
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Gerasimenko
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Zhao C, Kang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Tang X, Jiang Z. Carbon-Based Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials: Classification and Application. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0022. [PMID: 37223546 PMCID: PMC10202192 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanofibers, are becoming a research hotspot due to their unique structure and good mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and chemical properties. With the development of material synthesis technology, they can be functionalized and used in various fields such as energy, environment, and biomedicine. In particular, stimuli-responsive carbon-based nanomaterials have stood out in recent years because of their smart behavior. Researchers have applied carbon-based nanomaterials to different disease treatments based on their stimulus-response properties. In this paper, based on stimuli-responsive carbon-based nanomaterials' morphology, we categorize them into carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanofibers according to their morphology. Then, their applications in probes, bioimaging, tumor therapy, and other fields are discussed. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of carbon-based stimuli-responsive nanomaterials and discuss their future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Kang
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- School of Life Science, School of Medical Technology, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Aliphatic Polybenzimidazoles: Synthesis, Characterization and High-Temperature Shape-Memory Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061399. [PMID: 36987180 PMCID: PMC10055794 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of aliphatic polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) with methylene groups of varying length were synthesized by the high-temperature polycondensation of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and the corresponding aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in Eaton’s reagent. The influence of the length of the methylene chain on PBIs’ properties was investigated by solution viscometry, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. All PBIs exhibited high mechanical strength (up to 129.3 ± 7.1 MPa), glass transition temperature (≥200 °C) and thermal decomposition temperature (≥460 °C). Moreover, all of the synthesized aliphatic PBIs possess a shape-memory effect, which is a result of the presence of soft aliphatic segments and rigid bis-benzimidazole groups in the macromolecules, as well as strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds that serve as non-covalent crosslinks. Among the studied polymers, the PBI based on DAB and dodecanedioic acid has high adequate mechanical and thermal properties and demonstrates the highest shape-fixity ratio and shape-recovery ratio of 99.6% and 95.6%, respectively. Because of these properties, aliphatic PBIs have great potential to be used as high-temperature materials for application in different high-tech fields, including the aerospace industry and structural component industries.
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The Current Status, Prospects, and Challenges of Shape Memory Polymers Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030556. [PMID: 36771857 PMCID: PMC9920657 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects can occur after severe trauma, infection, or bone tumor resection surgery, which requires grafting to repair the defect when it reaches a critical size, as the bone's self-healing ability is insufficient to complete the bone repair. Natural bone grafts or artificial bone grafts, such as bioceramics, are currently used in bone tissue engineering, but the low availability of bone and high cost limit these treatments. Therefore, shape memory polymers (SMPs), which combine biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, shape tunability, ease of access, and minimally invasive implantation, have received attention in bone tissue engineering in recent years. Here, we reviewed the various excellent properties of SMPs and their contribution to bone formation in experiments at the cellular and animal levels, respectively, especially for the repair of defects in craniomaxillofacial (CMF) and limb bones, to provide new ideas for the application of these new SMPs in bone tissue engineering.
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