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Del Corpo D, Coculo D, Greco M, De Lorenzo G, Lionetti V. Pull the fuzes: Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100931. [PMID: 38689495 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane encountered by phytopathogenic microbes in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants have developed sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to sense danger events at the cell surface and promptly activate immunity. However, a fine tuning of the activation of immune pathways is necessary to mount a robust and effective defense response. Several endogenous proteins and enzymes are synthesized as inactive precursors, and their post-translational processing has emerged as a critical mechanism for triggering alarms in the apoplast. In this review, we focus on the precursors of phytocytokines, cell wall remodeling enzymes, and proteases. The physiological events that convert inactive precursors into immunomodulatory active peptides or enzymes are described. This review also explores the functional synergies among phytocytokines, cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns, and remodeling, highlighting their roles in boosting extracellular immunity and reinforcing defenses against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Corpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Coculo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Greco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Bhandari DD, Brandizzi F. Logistics of defense: The contribution of endomembranes to plant innate immunity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307066. [PMID: 38551496 PMCID: PMC10982075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens cause plant diseases that threaten food security. Unlike mammals, plants lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens. Plant response to a pathogen attack requires precise coordination of intracellular traffic and signaling. Spatial and/or temporal defects in coordinating signals and cargo can lead to detrimental effects on cell development. The role of intracellular traffic comes into a critical focus when the cell sustains biotic stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the post-immune activation logistics of plant defense. Specifically, we focus on packaging and shipping of defense-related cargo, rerouting of intracellular traffic, the players enabling defense-related traffic, and pathogen-mediated subversion of these pathways. We highlight the roles of the cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton-organelle bridging proteins, and secretory vesicles in maintaining pathways of exocytic defense, acting as sentinels during pathogen attack, and the necessary elements for building the cell wall as a barrier to pathogens. We also identify points of convergence between mammalian and plant trafficking pathways during defense and highlight plant unique responses to illustrate evolutionary adaptations that plants have undergone to resist biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak D. Bhandari
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Cheng SY, Chu PK, Chen YJ, Wu YH, Huang MD. Exploring the extensin gene family: an updated genome-wide survey in plants and algae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:152-167. [PMID: 37769205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensins (EXTs), a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein with multiple Ser-Pro3-5 motifs, are known to play roles in cell wall reinforcement and environmental responses. EXTs with repetitive Tyr-X-Tyr (YXY) motifs for crosslinking are referred as crosslinking EXTs. Our comprehensive study spanned 194 algal and plant species, categorizing EXTs into seven subfamilies: classical extensins (EXT I and II), arabinogalactan-protein extensins (AGP-EXTs), proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs), leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRX I and II), formin homology (FH) domain-containing extensins (FH-EXTs), proline-rich, arabinogalactan proteins, conserved cysteines (PAC) domain-containing extensins (PAC I and II), and eight-cysteine motif (8CM)-containing extensins (8CM-EXTs). In the examined dataset, EXTs were detected ubiquitously in plants but infrequently in algae, except for one Coccomyxa and four Chlamydomonadales species. No crosslinking EXTs were found in Poales or certain Zingiberales species. Notably, the previously uncharacterized EXT II, PAC II, and liverwort-specific 8CM-EXTs were found to be crosslinking EXTs. EXT II, featuring repetitive YY motifs instead of the conventional YXY motif, was exclusively identified in Solanaceae. Furthermore, tandem genes encoding distinctive 8CM-EXTs specifically expressed in the germinating spores of Marchantia polymorpha. This updated classification of EXT types allows us to propose a plausible evolutionary history of EXT genes during the course of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kuan Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Lu H, Niu X, Fan Y, Yuan Y, Huang L, Zhao B, Liu Y, Xiao F. The extensin protein SAE1 plays a role in leaf senescence and is targeted by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4 in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5635-5652. [PMID: 37368909 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensins are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and generally play a structural role in cell wall integrity. In this study, we determined a novel role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED EXTENSIN1 (SAE1) in leaf senescence. Both gain- and loss-of-function analyses suggest that SAE1 plays a positive role in leaf senescence in tomato. Transgenic plants overexpressing SAE1 (SAE1-OX) exhibited premature leaf senescence and enhanced dark-induced senescence, whereas SAE1 knockout (SAE1-KO) plants displayed delayed development-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. Heterologous overexpression of SlSAE1 in Arabidopsis also led to premature leaf senescence and enhanced dark-induced senescence. In addition, the SAE1 protein was found to interact with the tomato ubiquitin ligase SlSINA4, and SlSINA4 promoted SAE1 degradation in a ligase-dependent manner when co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, suggesting that SlSINA4 controls SAE1 protein levels via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Introduction of an SlSINA4-overexpression construct into the SAE1-OX tomato plants consistently completely eliminated accumulation of the SAE1 protein and suppressed the phenotypes conferred by overexpression of SAE1. Taken together, our results suggest that the tomato extensin SAE1 plays a positive role in leaf senescence and is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Xiangli Niu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Youhong Fan
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
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5
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Panter PE, Seifert J, Dale M, Pridgeon AJ, Hulme R, Ramsay N, Contera S, Knight H. Cell wall fucosylation in Arabidopsis influences control of leaf water loss and alters stomatal development and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2680-2691. [PMID: 36715637 PMCID: PMC10112686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis sensitive-to-freezing8 (sfr8) mutant exhibits reduced cell wall (CW) fucose levels and compromised freezing tolerance. To examine whether CW fucosylation also affects the response to desiccation, we tested the effect of leaf excision in sfr8 and the allelic mutant mur1-1. Leaf water loss was strikingly higher than in the wild type in these, but not other, fucosylation mutants. We hypothesized that reduced fucosylation in guard cell (GC) walls might limit stomatal closure through altering mechanical properties. Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed a reduced elastic modulus (E'), representing reduced stiffness, in sfr8 GC walls. Interestingly, however, we discovered a compensatory mechanism whereby a concomitant reduction in the storage modulus (E'') maintained a wild-type viscoelastic time response (tau) in sfr8. Stomata in intact leaf discs of sfr8 responded normally to a closure stimulus, abscisic acid, suggesting that the time response may relate more to closure properties than stiffness does. sfr8 stomatal pore complexes were larger than those of the wild type, and GCs lacked a fully developed cuticular ledge, both potential contributors to the greater leaf water loss in sfr8. We present data that indicate that fucosylation-dependent dimerization of the CW pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan-II may be essential for normal cuticular ledge development and leaf water retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Panter
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Jacob Seifert
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Maeve Dale
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Rachel Hulme
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Nathan Ramsay
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
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6
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Natale R, Coppola M, D'Agostino N, Zhang Y, Fernie AR, Castaldi V, Rao R. In silico and in vitro approaches allow the identification of the Prosystemin molecular network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:212-223. [PMID: 36544481 PMCID: PMC9755248 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato Prosystemin (ProSys), the precursor of Systemin, a small peptidic hormone, is produced at very low concentration in unchallenged plants, while its expression greatly increases in response to several different stressors triggering an array of defence responses. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such a wide array of defence barriers are not fully understood and are likely correlated with the intrinsically disordered (ID) structure of the protein. ID proteins interact with different protein partners forming complexes involved in the modulation of different biological mechanisms. Here we describe the ProSys-protein network that shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning ProSys associated defence responses. Three different approaches were used. In silico prediction resulted in 98 direct interactors, most clustering in phytohormone biosynthesis, transcription factors and signal transduction gene classes. The network shows the central role of ProSys during defence responses, that reflects its role as central hub. In vitro ProSys interactors, identified by Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry (AP-MS), revealed over three hundred protein partners, while Bimolecular Fluorescent Complementation (BiFC) experiments validated in vivo some interactors predicted in silico and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that ProSys interacts with several proteins and reveal new key molecular events in the ProSys-dependent defence response of tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Natale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Valeria Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
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7
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Guzha A, McGee R, Scholz P, Hartken D, Lüdke D, Bauer K, Wenig M, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Vlot AC, Wiermer M, Haughn G, Ischebeck T. Cell wall-localized BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 contributes to immunity of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1794-1813. [PMID: 35485198 PMCID: PMC9237713 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls constitute physical barriers that restrict access of microbial pathogens to the contents of plant cells. The primary cell wall of multicellular plants predominantly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, and its composition can change upon stress. BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 (BXL4) belongs to a seven-member gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of which encodes a protein (BXL1) involved in cell wall remodeling. We assayed the influence of BXL4 on plant immunity and investigated the subcellular localization and enzymatic activity of BXL4, making use of mutant and overexpression lines. BXL4 localized to the apoplast and was induced upon infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in a jasmonoyl isoleucine-dependent manner. The bxl4 mutants showed a reduced resistance to B. cinerea, while resistance was increased in conditional overexpression lines. Ectopic expression of BXL4 in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells rescued a bxl1 mutant phenotype, suggesting that, like BXL1, BXL4 has both xylosidase and arabinosidase activity. We conclude that BXL4 is a xylosidase/arabinosidase that is secreted to the apoplast and its expression is upregulated under pathogen attack, contributing to immunity against B. cinerea, possibly by removal of arabinose and xylose side-chains of polysaccharides in the primary cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Denise Hartken
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen Germany
| | | | - Kornelia Bauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- UMK Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Biochemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - George Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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San Clemente H, Kolkas H, Canut H, Jamet E. Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: The Core of Conserved Protein Families and the Case of Non-Canonical Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084273. [PMID: 35457091 PMCID: PMC9029284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical roles during plant development and in response to stresses. Proteomics has revealed their great diversity. With nearly 1000 identified CWPs, the Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall proteome is the best described to date and it covers the main plant organs and cell suspension cultures. Other monocot and dicot plants have been studied as well as bryophytes, such as Physcomitrella patens and Marchantia polymorpha. Although these proteomes were obtained using various flowcharts, they can be searched for the presence of members of a given protein family. Thereby, a core cell wall proteome which does not pretend to be exhaustive, yet could be defined. It comprises: (i) glycoside hydrolases and pectin methyl esterases, (ii) class III peroxidases, (iii) Asp, Ser and Cys proteases, (iv) non-specific lipid transfer proteins, (v) fasciclin arabinogalactan proteins, (vi) purple acid phosphatases and (vii) thaumatins. All the conserved CWP families could represent a set of house-keeping CWPs critical for either the maintenance of the basic cell wall functions, allowing immediate response to environmental stresses or both. Besides, the presence of non-canonical proteins devoid of a predicted signal peptide in cell wall proteomes is discussed in relation to the possible existence of alternative secretion pathways.
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Wei W, Peng H, Xie Y, Wang X, Huang R, Chen H, Ji X. The role of silicon in cadmium alleviation by rice root cell wall retention and vacuole compartmentalization under different durations of Cd exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112810. [PMID: 34571424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) plays a pivotal role in mitigating phytotoxicity caused by cadmium (Cd). However, few former reports focused on the internal mechanism how Si assisted in alleviating Cd stress in rice under different durations of Cd exposure. Herein, the effects of Si on subcellular distribution of Cd in rice roots under short-term (12 h) and long-term (20 d) Cd exposure were explored. Results showed that Si decreased shoot Cd concentration but had little impact on root Cd levels. Under short-term Cd exposure, subcellular distribution analysis showed that Si increased the ratio of Cd in root cell wall by 23.2~24.0%, and decreased the ratio of Cd in root soluble fraction by 20.6~21.5%. This suggested that Si supply improved root retention of Cd by fixing it on the cell wall and thus restricted intracellular transportation of Cd. Further analysis unraveled that pectin (especially ionic-soluble pectin) of the cell wall was the main binding component, and Si supply induced more Cd accumulation in covalent-soluble pectin and hemicellulose. Moreover, the overexpression of germin-like proteins (GLPs) proved the role of cell wall in moderating Cd toxicity. Under long-term Cd exposure, Si promoted phytochelatin 2 (PC2) and phytochelatin 3 (PC3) synthesis in cytosol, at the same time, Si down-regulated the expression of the Cd efflux-related protein multidrug resistance-associated protein-like ATP-binding cassette transporters (MRP-like ABC transporters) and limited Cd transportation from vacuole to cytosol. Taken together, Si rather predominates in limiting Cd translocation by the cell wall of root under short-term Cd exposure and promoting vacuole compartmentalization to mitigate the Cd toxicity under long-term exposure, instead of reducing the absorption of Cd in rice roots, thereby decreasing Cd delivery into shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural, Science (HAAS), Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yunhe Xie
- Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural, Science (HAAS), Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural, Science (HAAS), Changsha 410125, China.
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11
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Pinski A, Roujol D, Pouzet C, Bordes L, San Clemente H, Hoffmann L, Jamet E. Comparison of mass spectrometry data and bioinformatics predictions to assess the bona fide localization of proteins identified in cell wall proteomics studies. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110979. [PMID: 34315595 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls have complex architectures made of polysaccharides among which cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and cell wall proteins (CWPs). Some CWPs are anchored in the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. The secretion pathway is the classical route to reach the extracellular space. Based on experimental data, a canonical signal peptide (SP) has been defined, and bioinformatics tools allowing the prediction of the sub-cellular localization of proteins have been designed. In the same way, the presence of GPI-anchor attachment sites can be predicted using bioinformatics programs. This article aims at comparing the bioinformatics predictions of the sub-cellular localization of proteins assumed to be CWPs to mass spectrometry (MS) data. The sub-cellular localization of a few CWPs exhibiting particular features has been checked by cell biology approaches. Although the prediction of SP length is confirmed in most cases, it is less conclusive for GPI-anchors. Three main observations were done: (i) the variability observed at the N-terminus of a few mature CWPs could play a role in the regulation of their biological activity; (ii) one protein was shown to have a double sub-cellular localization in the cell wall and the chloroplasts; and (iii) peptides were found to be located at the C-terminus of several CWPs previously identified in GPI-anchored proteomes, thus raising the issue of their actual anchoring to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville Tolosane, France; Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- FR AIB-TRI Imaging Platform Facilities, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Luc Bordes
- FR AIB-TRI Imaging Platform Facilities, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Laurent Hoffmann
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville Tolosane, France.
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Fan S, Lin X. Current Advances in the Development of Decellularized Plant Extracellular Matrix. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:712262. [PMID: 34368105 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.712262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance exists between the supply of organs for transplantation and the number of patients in the donor transplant waiting lists. Current use of autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts for tissue replacement is limited by the low availability, poor biocompatibility, and high cost. Decellularized plant scaffolds with remarkable physical similarities to human organs have recently emerged and have been found to present favorable characteristics that make them suitable as an alternative biomaterial, such as a superficial surface area, excellent water transport and retention, pre-existing vascular networks, interconnected porosity, and a wide range of mechanical properties. In addition to their unique and superior biocompatibility, plant-derived scaffolds present the advantages of low production cost, no ethical or supply constraints, simple operation and suitability for large-scale production and research. However, there are still some problems and deficiencies in this field, such as immature decellularization standards and methods, insufficient research on the biocompatibility of plant extracellular matrix. At present, research on decellularized plant extracellular matrix is still in its infancy, and its applicability to tissue engineering needs to be further improved. In this review, the current research progress on decellularized plant scaffolds is reviewed, the problems to be solved and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Pinski A, Betekhtin A, Skupien-Rabian B, Jankowska U, Jamet E, Hasterok R. Changes in the Cell Wall Proteome of Leaves in Response to High Temperature Stress in Brachypodium distachyon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6750. [PMID: 34201710 PMCID: PMC8267952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress leads to complex changes to plant functionality, which affects, i.a., the cell wall structure and the cell wall protein composition. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative changes in the cell wall proteome of Brachypodium distachyon leaves in response to high (40 °C) temperature stress were characterised. Using a proteomic analysis, 1533 non-redundant proteins were identified from which 338 cell wall proteins were distinguished. At a high temperature, we identified 46 differentially abundant proteins, and of these, 4 were over-accumulated and 42 were under-accumulated. The most significant changes were observed in the proteins acting on the cell wall polysaccharides, specifically, 2 over- and 12 under-accumulated proteins. Based on the qualitative analysis, one cell wall protein was identified that was uniquely present at 40 °C but was absent in the control and 24 proteins that were present in the control but were absent at 40 °C. Overall, the changes in the cell wall proteome at 40 °C suggest a lower protease activity, lignification and an expansion of the cell wall. These results offer a new insight into the changes in the cell wall proteome in response to high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Alexander Betekhtin
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland; (B.S.-R.); (U.J.)
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland; (B.S.-R.); (U.J.)
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326 Auzeville Tolosane, France;
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
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Abstract
In recent years; the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with plants has been intensively studied. Therefore, more and more aspects related to both the positive and negative impact of NP on plants are well described. This article focuses on two aspects of NP interaction with plants. The first is a summary of the current knowledge on NP migration through the roots into the plant body, in particular, the role of the cell wall. The second aspect summarizes the current knowledge of the participation of the symplast, including the plasmodesmata (PD), in the movement of NP within the plant body. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the plant–NP interactions; paying attention to the need for future studies to explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of the cell wall and the functioning of the PD under the influence of NP.
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15
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DeVree BT, Steiner LM, Głazowska S, Ruhnow F, Herburger K, Persson S, Mravec J. Current and future advances in fluorescence-based visualization of plant cell wall components and cell wall biosynthetic machineries. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33781321 PMCID: PMC8008654 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall-derived biomass serves as a renewable source of energy and materials with increasing importance. The cell walls are biomacromolecular assemblies defined by a fine arrangement of different classes of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and aromatic polymers and are one of the most complex structures in Nature. One of the most challenging tasks of cell biology and biomass biotechnology research is to image the structure and organization of this complex matrix, as well as to visualize the compartmentalized, multiplayer biosynthetic machineries that build the elaborate cell wall architecture. Better knowledge of the plant cells, cell walls, and whole tissue is essential for bioengineering efforts and for designing efficient strategies of industrial deconstruction of the cell wall-derived biomass and its saccharification. Cell wall-directed molecular probes and analysis by light microscopy, which is capable of imaging with a high level of specificity, little sample processing, and often in real time, are important tools to understand cell wall assemblies. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the possibilities for fluorescence label-based imaging techniques and a variety of probing methods, discussing both well-established and emerging tools. Examples of applications of these tools are provided. We also list and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods. Specifically, we elaborate on what are the most important considerations when applying a particular technique for plants, the potential for future development, and how the plant cell wall field might be inspired by advances in the biomedical and general cell biology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T DeVree
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisa M Steiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Felix Ruhnow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Petrova N, Nazipova A, Gorshkov O, Mokshina N, Patova O, Gorshkova T. Gene Expression Patterns for Proteins With Lectin Domains in Flax Stem Tissues Are Related to Deposition of Distinct Cell Wall Types. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634594. [PMID: 33995436 PMCID: PMC8121149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of higher plants encode a variety of proteins with lectin domains that are able to specifically recognize certain carbohydrates. Plants are enriched in a variety of potentially complementary glycans, many of which are located in the cell wall. We performed a genome-wide search for flax proteins with lectin domains and compared the expression of the encoding genes in different stem tissues that have distinct cell wall types with different sets of major polysaccharides. Over 400 genes encoding proteins with lectin domains that belong to different families were revealed in the flax genome; three quarters of these genes were expressed in stem tissues. Hierarchical clustering of the data for all expressed lectins grouped the analyzed samples according to their characteristic cell wall type. Most lectins differentially expressed in tissues with primary, secondary, and tertiary cell walls were predicted to localize at the plasma membrane or cell wall. These lectins were from different families and had various architectural types. Three out of four flax genes for proteins with jacalin-like domains were highly upregulated in bast fibers at the stage of tertiary cell wall deposition. The dynamic changes in transcript level of many genes for lectins from various families were detected in stem tissue over the course of gravitropic response induced by plant gravistimulation. The data obtained in this study indicate a large number of lectin-mediated events in plants and provide insight into the proteins that take part in tissue specialization and reaction to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alsu Nazipova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Mokshina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Patova
- Institute of Physiology, FRC Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatyana Gorshkova,
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Greenfield LM, Hill PW, Paterson E, Baggs EM, Jones DL. Do plants use root-derived proteases to promote the uptake of soil organic nitrogen? PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 456:355-367. [PMID: 33087989 PMCID: PMC7567722 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The capacity of plant roots to directly acquire organic nitrogen (N) in the form of oligopeptides and amino acids from soil is well established. However, plants have poor access to protein, the central reservoir of soil organic N. Our question is: do plants actively secrete proteases to enhance the breakdown of soil protein or are they functionally reliant on soil microorganisms to undertake this role? METHODS Growing maize and wheat under sterile hydroponic conditions with and without inorganic N, we measured protease activity on the root surface (root-bound proteases) or exogenously in the solution (free proteases). We compared root protease activities to the rhizosphere microbial community to estimate the ecological significance of root-derived proteases. RESULTS We found little evidence for the secretion of free proteases, with almost all protease activity associated with the root surface. Root protease activity was not stimulated under N deficiency. Our findings suggest that cereal roots contribute one-fifth of rhizosphere protease activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that plant N uptake is only functionally significant when soil protein is in direct contact with root surfaces. The lack of protease upregulation under N deficiency suggests that root protease activity is unrelated to enhanced soil N capture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W. Hill
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW UK
| | - Eric Paterson
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Baggs
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Davey L. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW UK
- SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
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18
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Plant Cell Wall Proteomes: Bioinformatics and Cell Biology Tools to Assess the Bona Fide Cell Wall Localization of Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32617950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The purification of plant cell walls is challenging because they constitute an open compartment which is not limited by a membrane like the cell organelles. Different strategies have been established to limit the contamination by proteins of other compartments in cell wall proteomics studies. Non-destructive methods rely on washing intact cells with various types of solutions without disrupting the plasma membrane in order to elute cell wall proteins. In contrast, destructive protocols involve the purification of cell walls prior to the extraction of proteins with salt solutions. In both cases, proteins known to be intracellular have been identified by mass spectrometry in cell wall proteomes. The aim of this chapter is to provide tools to assess the subcellular localization of the proteins identified in cell wall proteomics studies, including: (1) bioinformatic predictions, (2) immunocytolocalization of proteins of interest on tissue sections and (3) in muro observation of proteins of interest fused to reporter fluorescent proteins by confocal microscopy. Finally, a qualitative assessment of the work can be performed and the strategy used to prepare the samples can be optimized if necessary.
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19
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Mehdi C, Virginie L, Audrey G, Axelle B, Colette L, Hélène R, Elisabeth J, Fabienne G, Mathilde FA. Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010239. [PMID: 31905787 PMCID: PMC6981528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall is an important compartment in grain cells that fulfills both structural and functional roles. It has a dynamic structure that is constantly modified during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Non-structural cell wall proteins (CWPs) are key players in the remodeling of the cell wall during events that punctuate the plant life. Here, a subcellular and quantitative proteomic approach was carried out to identify CWPs possibly involved in changes in cell wall metabolism at two key stages of wheat grain development: the end of the cellularization step and the beginning of storage accumulation. Endosperm and outer layers of wheat grain were analyzed separately as they have different origins (maternal and seed) and functions in grains. Altogether, 734 proteins with predicted signal peptides were identified (CWPs). Functional annotation of CWPs pointed out a large number of proteins potentially involved in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling. In the grain outer layers, numerous proteins involved in cutin formation or lignin polymerization were found, while an unexpected abundance of proteins annotated as plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitors were identified in the endosperm. In addition, numerous CWPs were accumulating in the endosperm at the grain filling stage, thus revealing strong metabolic activities in the cell wall during endosperm cell differentiation, while protein accumulation was more intense at the earlier stage of development in outer layers. Altogether, our work gives important information on cell wall metabolism during early grain development in both parts of the grain, namely the endosperm and outer layers. The wheat cell wall proteome is the largest cell wall proteome of a monocot species found so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaoui Mehdi
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Lollier Virginie
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Geairon Audrey
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Bouder Axelle
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Larré Colette
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Rogniaux Hélène
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Jamet Elisabeth
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;
| | - Guillon Fabienne
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Francin-Allami Mathilde
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; (C.M.); (L.V.); (G.A.); (B.A.); (L.C.); (R.H.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wu W, Zhu S, Chen Q, Lin Y, Tian J, Liang C. Cell Wall Proteins Play Critical Roles in Plant Adaptation to Phosphorus Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5259. [PMID: 31652783 PMCID: PMC6862644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the mineral nutrient elements essential for plant growth and development. Low phosphate (Pi) availability in soils adversely affects crop production. To cope with low P stress, remodeling of root morphology and architecture is generally observed in plants, which must be accompanied by root cell wall modifications. It has been documented that cell wall proteins (CWPs) play critical roles in shaping cell walls, transmitting signals, and protecting cells against environmental stresses. However, understanding of the functions of CWPs involved in plant adaptation to P deficiency remains fragmentary. The aim of this review was to summarize advances in identification and functional characterization of CWPs in responses to P deficiency, and to highlight the critical roles of CWPs in mediating root growth, P reutilization, and mobilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Berthold F, Roujol D, Hemmer C, Jamet E, Ritzenthaler C, Hoffmann L, Schmitt-Keichinger C. Inside or outside? A new collection of Gateway vectors allowing plant protein subcellular localization or over-expression. Plasmid 2019; 105:102436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2019.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Gutsch A, Sergeant K, Keunen E, Prinsen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Hausman JF, Cuypers A. Does long-term cadmium exposure influence the composition of pectic polysaccharides in the cell wall of Medicago sativa stems? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31226937 PMCID: PMC6588869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the environment due to anthropogenic influences. It is unessential and harmful to all life forms. The plant cell wall forms a physical barrier against environmental stress and changes in the cell wall structure have been observed upon Cd exposure. In the current study, changes in the cell wall composition and structure of Medicago sativa stems were investigated after long-term exposure to Cd. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantitative protein analysis was complemented with targeted gene expression analysis and combined with analyses of the cell wall composition. RESULTS Several proteins determining for the cell wall structure changed in abundance. Structural changes mainly appeared in the composition of pectic polysaccharides and data indicate an increased presence of xylogalacturonan in response to Cd. Although a higher abundance and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase was detected, the total pectin methylation was not affected. CONCLUSIONS An increased abundance of xylogalacturonan might hinder Cd binding in the cell wall due to the methylation of its galacturonic acid backbone. Probably, the exclusion of Cd from the cell wall and apoplast limits the entry of the heavy metal into the symplast and is an important factor during tolerance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Els Keunen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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23
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Guimarães Fonseca J, de Moraes FE, Vaz Setem L, Carmanhanis Begossi A, Labate CA. Plant Cell Wall Proteomics: A Focus on Monocot Species, Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1975. [PMID: 31018495 PMCID: PMC6514655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls mostly comprise polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of monocots' primary cell walls differs from that of dicots walls with respect to the type of hemicelluloses, the reduction of pectin abundance and the presence of aromatic molecules. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) differ among plant species, and their distribution within functional classes varies according to cell types, organs, developmental stages and/or environmental conditions. In this review, we go deeper into the findings of cell wall proteomics in monocot species and make a comparative analysis of the CWPs identified, considering their predicted functions, the organs analyzed, the plant developmental stage and their possible use as targets for biofuel production. Arabidopsis thaliana CWPs were considered as a reference to allow comparisons among different monocots, i.e., Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Altogether, 1159 CWPs have been acknowledged, and specificities and similarities are discussed. In particular, a search for A. thaliana homologs of CWPs identified so far in monocots allows the definition of monocot CWPs characteristics. Finally, the analysis of monocot CWPs appears to be a powerful tool for identifying candidate proteins of interest for tailoring cell walls to increase biomass yield of transformation for second-generation biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Guimarães Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Edgar de Moraes
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vaz Setem
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carmanhanis Begossi
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Fonseca JG, Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, de Moraes FE, Cataldi TR, Jamet E, Labate CA. Cell Wall Proteome of Sugarcane Young and Mature Leaves and Stems. Proteomics 2019; 18. [PMID: 29274249 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By characterizing the cell wall proteomes of different sugarcane organs (leaves and stems) at two developmental stages (young vs mature/apical vs basal), it is possible to address unique characteristics in each of them. Four-month-old leaves show a higher proportion of oxido-reductases and proteins related to lipid metabolism (LM), besides a lower proportion of proteins acting on polysaccharides, in comparison to 4-month-old internodes. It is possible to note that sugarcane leaves and young stems have the highest LM rate than all species, which is assumed to be linked to cuticle formation. The data generated enrich the number of cell wall proteins (CWPs) identified in sugarcane, reaching 277. To our knowledge, sugarcane has now the second higher coverage of monocot CWP in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Fonseca
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Calderan-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E de Moraes
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís R Cataldi
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Carlos A Labate
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Stoddard A, Rolland V. I see the light! Fluorescent proteins suitable for cell wall/apoplast targeting in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00112. [PMID: 31245754 PMCID: PMC6508812 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Correct subcellular targeting is crucial for protein function. Protein location can be visualized in vivo by fusion to a fluorescent protein (FP). Nevertheless, despite intense engineering efforts, most FPs are dim or completely quenched at low pH (<6). This is particularly problematic for the study of proteins targeted to acidic compartments such as vacuoles (pH ~ 3-6) or plant cell walls (pH ~ 3.5-8.3). Plant cell walls play important roles (e.g. structural/protective role, control of growth/morphogenesis), are diverse in structure and function, and are highly dynamic (e.g. during cell growth, in response to biotic/abiotic stresses). To study and engineer plant cell walls, it is therefore critical to identify robust tools which can be used to locate proteins expressed in the apoplast. Here we used a transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to test a range of FPs in vivo, and determined which ones retained strong fluorescence in the acidic environment of the apoplast. We selected 10 fluorescent proteins with a range of in vitro properties; two historical FPs and eight FPs with in vitro properties suggesting lower pH sensitivity or improved brightness, some of which had never been tested in plants prior to our study. We targeted each FP to the cytosol or the apoplast and compared the fluorescence in both compartments, before testing the in vivo pH sensitivity of FPs across a pH 8-4 gradient. Our results suggest that mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, and mCherry are suited to tracking proteins in the apoplast under dynamic pH conditions. These fluorescent proteins may also be useful in other acidic compartments such as vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stoddard
- CSIRO Agriculture & FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture & FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Pectin Demethylesterification Generates Platforms that Anchor Peroxidases to Remodel Plant Cell Wall Domains. Dev Cell 2019; 48:261-276.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hu R, Xu Y, Yu C, He K, Tang Q, Jia C, He G, Wang X, Kong Y, Zhou G. Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis in developing internodes of Miscanthus lutarioriparius. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9034. [PMID: 28831170 PMCID: PMC5567372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus is a promising lignocellulosic bioenergy crop for bioethanol production. To identify candidate genes and regulation networks involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) development in Miscanthus, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis of a developing internode. According to the histological and in-situ histochemical analysis, an elongating internode of M. lutarioriparius can be divided into three distinct segments, the upper internode (UI), middle internode (MI) and basal internode (BI), each representing a different stage of SCW development. The transcriptome analysis generated approximately 300 million clean reads, which were de novo assembled into 79,705 unigenes. Nearly 65% of unigenes was annotated in seven public databases. Comparative profiling among the UI, MI and BI revealed four distinct clusters. Moreover, detailed expression profiling was analyzed for gene families and transcription factors (TFs) involved in SCW biosynthesis, assembly and modification. Based on the co-expression patterns, putative regulatory networks between TFs and SCW-associated genes were constructed. The work provided the first transcriptome analysis of SCW development in M. lutarioriparius. The results obtained provide novel insights into the biosynthesis and regulation of SCW in Miscanthus. In addition, the genes identified represent good candidates for further functional studies to unravel their roles in SCW biosynthesis and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Kang He
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Jia
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Guo He
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- Key laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China.
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28
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Lion C, Simon C, Huss B, Blervacq AS, Tirot L, Toybou D, Spriet C, Slomianny C, Guerardel Y, Hawkins S, Biot C. BLISS: A Bioorthogonal Dual-Labeling Strategy to Unravel Lignification Dynamics in Plants. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:326-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Jacq A, Pernot C, Martinez Y, Domergue F, Payré B, Jamet E, Burlat V, Pacquit VB. The Arabidopsis Lipid Transfer Protein 2 (AtLTP2) Is Involved in Cuticle-Cell Wall Interface Integrity and in Etiolated Hypocotyl Permeability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:263. [PMID: 28289427 PMCID: PMC5326792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a complex multigenic family implicated in diverse physiological processes. However, their function and mode of action remain unclear probably because of functional redundancy. Among the different roles proposed for nsLTPs, it has long been suggested that they could transport cuticular precursor across the cell wall during the formation of the cuticle, which constitutes the first physical barrier for plant interactions with their aerial environment. Here, we took advantage of the Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated hypocotyl model in which AtLTP2 was previously identified as the unique and abundant nsLTP member in the cell wall proteome, to investigate its function. AtLTP2 expression was restricted to epidermal cells of aerial organs, in agreement with the place of cuticle deposition. Furthermore, transient AtLTP2-TagRFP over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells resulted in its localization to the cell wall, as expected, but surprisingly also to the plastids, indicating an original dual trafficking for a nsLTP. Remarkably, in etiolated hypocotyls, the atltp2-1 mutant displayed modifications in cuticle permeability together with a disorganized ultra-structure at the cuticle-cell wall interface completely recovered in complemented lines, whereas only slight differences in cuticular composition were observed. Thus, AtLTP2 may not play the historical purported nsLTP shuttling role across the cell wall, but we rather hypothesize that AtLTP2 could play a major structural role by maintaining the integrity of the adhesion between the mainly hydrophobic cuticle and the hydrophilic underlying cell wall. Altogether, these results gave new insights into nsLTP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Jacq
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clémentine Pernot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Martinez
- Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, Fédération de Recherche FR3450–Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS Université de Bordeaux–INRA Bordeaux AquitaineVillenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse III, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Valérie B. Pacquit
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie B. Pacquit,
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30
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Abstract
This chapter describes a method allowing the purification of the cell wall for studying both polysaccharides and proteins. The plant primary cell wall is mainly composed of polysaccharides (90-95 % in mass) and of proteins (5-10 %). At the end of growth, specialized cells may synthesize a lignified secondary wall composed of polysaccharides (about 65 %) and lignin (about 35 %). Due to its composition, the cell wall is the cellular compartment having the highest density and this property is used for its purification. It plays critical roles during plant development and in response to environmental constraints. It is largely used in the food and textile industries as well as for the production of bioenergy. All these characteristics and uses explain why its study as a true cell compartment is of high interest. The proposed method of purification can be used for large amount of material but can also be downscaled to 500 mg of fresh material. Tools for checking the quality of the cell wall preparation, such as protein analysis and microscopy observation, are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Canut
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet, Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet, Tolosan, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet, Tolosan, France.
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31
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Hervé V, Duruflé H, San Clemente H, Albenne C, Balliau T, Zivy M, Dunand C, Jamet E. An enlarged cell wall proteome ofArabidopsis thalianarosettes. Proteomics 2016; 16:3183-3187. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hervé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier; Laval Canada
| | - Harold Duruflé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- CNRS; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Michel Zivy
- CNRS; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS Castanet Tolosan France
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32
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Arabidopsis Regenerating Protoplast: A Powerful Model System for Combining the Proteomics of Cell Wall Proteins and the Visualization of Cell Wall Dynamics. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4040034. [PMID: 28248244 PMCID: PMC5260967 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a range of sub-proteomic approaches to the plant cell wall has identified many of the cell wall proteins. However, it remains difficult to elucidate the precise biological role of each protein and the cell wall dynamics driven by their actions. The plant protoplast provides an excellent means not only for characterizing cell wall proteins, but also for visualizing the dynamics of cell wall regeneration, during which cell wall proteins are secreted. It therefore offers a unique opportunity to investigate the de novo construction process of the cell wall. This review deals with sub-proteomic approaches to the plant cell wall through the use of protoplasts, a methodology that will provide the basis for further exploration of cell wall proteins and cell wall dynamics.
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33
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Terauchi M, Nagasato C, Inoue A, Ito T, Motomura T. Distribution of alginate and cellulose and regulatory role of calcium in the cell wall of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae). PLANTA 2016; 244:361-77. [PMID: 27072676 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This work investigated a correlation between the three-dimensional architecture and compound-components of the brown algal cell wall. Calcium greatly contributes to the cell wall integrity. Brown algae have a unique cell wall consisting of alginate, cellulose, and sulfated polysaccharides. However, the relationship between the architecture and the composition of the cell wall is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the architecture of the cell wall and the effect of extracellular calcium in the sporophyte and gametophyte of the model brown alga, Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, using transmission electron microscopy, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. The lateral cell wall of vegetative cells of the sporophyte thalli had multilayered architecture containing electron-dense and negatively stained fibrils. Electron tomographic analysis showed that the amount of the electron-dense fibrils and the junctions was different between inner and outer layers, and between the perpendicular and tangential directions of the cell wall. By immersing the gametophyte thalli in the low-calcium (one-eighth of the normal concentration) artificial seawater medium, the fibrous layers of the lateral cell wall of vegetative cells became swollen. Destruction of cell wall integrity was also induced by the addition of sorbitol. The results demonstrated that electron-dense fibrils were composed of alginate-calcium fibrous gels, and electron negatively stained fibrils were crystalline cellulose microfibrils. It was concluded that the spatial arrangement of electron-dense fibrils was different between the layers and between the directions of the cell wall, and calcium was necessary for maintaining the fibrous layers in the cell wall. This study provides insights into the design principle of the brown algal cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Terauchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan.
| | - Akira Inoue
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
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Francin-Allami M, Lollier V, Pavlovic M, San Clemente H, Rogniaux H, Jamet E, Guillon F, Larré C. Understanding the Remodelling of Cell Walls during Brachypodium distachyon Grain Development through a Sub-Cellular Quantitative Proteomic Approach. Proteomes 2016; 4:E21. [PMID: 28248231 PMCID: PMC5217356 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachypodiumdistachyon is a suitable plant model for studying temperate cereal crops, such as wheat, barley or rice, and helpful in the study of the grain cell wall. Indeed, the most abundant hemicelluloses that are in the B. distachyon cell wall of grain are (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucans and arabinoxylans, in a ratio similar to those of cereals such as barley or oat. Conversely, these cell walls contain few pectins and xyloglucans. Cell walls play an important role in grain physiology. The modifications of cell wall polysaccharides that occur during grain development and filling are key in the determination of the size and weight of the cereal grains. The mechanisms required for cell wall assembly and remodelling are poorly understood, especially in cereals. To provide a better understanding of these processes, we purified the cell wall at three developmental stages of the B. distachyon grain. The proteins were then extracted, and a quantitative and comparative LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to investigate the protein profile changes during grain development. Over 466 cell wall proteins (CWPs) were identified and classified according to their predicted functions. This work highlights the different proteome profiles that we could relate to the main phases of grain development and to the reorganization of cell wall polysaccharides that occurs during these different developmental stages. These results provide a good springboard to pursue functional validation to better understand the role of CWPs in the assembly and remodelling of the grain cell wall of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginie Lollier
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, Nantes 44300, France.
| | - Marija Pavlovic
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, Nantes 44300, France.
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borderouge-Auzeville, BP42617, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France.
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, Nantes 44300, France.
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borderouge-Auzeville, BP42617, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France.
| | - Fabienne Guillon
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, Nantes 44300, France.
| | - Colette Larré
- UR1268 BIA (Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages), INRA, Nantes 44300, France.
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35
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Nguyen-Kim H, San Clemente H, Balliau T, Zivy M, Dunand C, Albenne C, Jamet E. Arabidopsis thaliana
root cell wall proteomics: Increasing the proteome coverage using a combinatorial peptide ligand library and description of unexpected Hyp in peroxidase amino acid sequences. Proteomics 2016; 16:491-503. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Nguyen-Kim
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, UPS, Université de Toulouse; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 5546; CNRS; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, UPS, Université de Toulouse; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 5546; CNRS; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- CNRS; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Quantitative et Evolution; Le Moulon Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Quantitative et Evolution; Le Moulon Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Michel Zivy
- CNRS; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Quantitative et Evolution; Le Moulon Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA; PAPPSO; UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale Quantitative et Evolution; Le Moulon Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, UPS, Université de Toulouse; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 5546; CNRS; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, UPS, Université de Toulouse; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 5546; CNRS; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, UPS, Université de Toulouse; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 5546; CNRS; BP 42617 Castanet-Tolosan France
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36
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Jamet E, Douché T, Bonassi MBR, Cataldi TR, Fonseca JG, San Clemente H, Pont-Lezica R, Labate CA. Cell wall proteome of sugarcane stems: comparison of a destructive and a non-destructive extraction method showed differences in glycoside hydrolases and peroxidases. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26754199 PMCID: PMC4709929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane has been used as the main crop for ethanol production for more than 40 years in Brazil. Recently, the production of bioethanol from bagasse and straw, also called second generation (2G) ethanol, became a reality with the first commercial plants started in the USA and Brazil. However, the industrial processes still need to be improved to generate a low cost fuel. One possibility is the remodeling of cell walls, by means of genetic improvement or transgenesis, in order to make the bagasse more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. We aimed at characterizing the cell wall proteome of young sugarcane culms, to identify proteins involved in cell wall biogenesis. Proteins were extracted from the cell walls of 2-month-old culms using two protocols, non-destructive by vacuum infiltration vs destructive. The proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. RESULTS A predicted signal peptide was found in 84 different proteins, called cell wall proteins (CWPs). As expected, the non-destructive method showed a lower percentage of proteins predicted to be intracellular than the destructive one (33% vs 44%). About 19% of CWPs were identified with both methods, whilst the infiltration protocol could lead to the identification of 75% more CWPs. In both cases, the most populated protein functional classes were those of proteins related to lipid metabolism and oxido-reductases. Curiously, a single glycoside hydrolase (GH) was identified using the non-destructive method whereas 10 GHs were found with the destructive one. Quantitative data analysis allowed the identification of the most abundant proteins. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the importance of using different protocols to extract proteins from cell walls to expand the coverage of the cell wall proteome. Ten GHs were indicated as possible targets for further studies in order to obtain cell walls less recalcitrant to deconstruction. Therefore, this work contributed to two goals: enlarge the coverage of the sugarcane cell wall proteome, and provide target proteins that could be used in future research to facilitate 2G ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CP 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Thibaut Douché
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Maria Beatriz Rodrigues Bonassi
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CP 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Regiani Cataldi
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CP 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Guimarães Fonseca
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CP 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Rafael Pont-Lezica
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CP 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Schulz M, Filary B, Kühn S, Colby T, Harzen A, Schmidt J, Sicker D, Hennig L, Hofmann D, Disko U, Anders N. Benzoxazolinone detoxification by N-Glucosylation: The multi-compartment-network of Zea mays L. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1119962. [PMID: 26645909 PMCID: PMC4871689 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1119962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The major detoxification product in maize roots after 24 h benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) exposure was identified as glucoside carbamate resulting from rearrangement of BOA-N-glucoside, but the pathway of N-glucosylation, enzymes involved and the site of synthesis were previously unknown. Assaying whole cell proteins revealed the necessity of H2O2 and Fe(2+) ions for glucoside carbamate production. Peroxidase produced BOA radicals are apparently formed within the extraplastic space of the young maize root. Radicals seem to be the preferred substrate for N-glucosylation, either by direct reaction with glucose or, more likely, the N-glucoside is released by glucanase/glucosidase catalyzed hydrolysis from cell wall components harboring fixed BOA. The processes are accompanied by alterations of cell wall polymers. Glucoside carbamate accumulation could be suppressed by the oxireductase inhibitor 2-bromo-4´-nitroacetophenone and by peroxidase inhibitor 2,3-butanedione. Alternatively, activated BOA molecules with an open heterocycle may be produced by microorganisms (e.g., endophyte Fusarium verticillioides) and channeled for enzymatic N-glucosylation. Experiments with transgenic Arabidopsis lines indicate a role of maize glucosyltransferase BX9 in BOA-N-glycosylation. Western blots with BX9 antibody demonstrate the presence of BX9 in the extraplastic space. Proteomic analyses verified a high BOA responsiveness of multiple peroxidases in the apoplast/cell wall. BOA incubations led to shifting, altered abundances and identities of the apoplast and cell wall located peroxidases, glucanases, glucosidases and glutathione transferases (GSTs). GSTs could function as glucoside carbamate transporters. The highly complex, compartment spanning and redox-regulated glucoside carbamate pathway seems to be mainly realized in Poaceae. In maize, carbamate production is independent from benzoxazinone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Schulz
- IMBIO Institut für Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Filary
- IMBIO Institut für Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Kühn
- IMBIO Institut für Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Colby
- Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9b, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmidt
- IMBIO Institut für Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Sicker
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- IBG-3: Agrossphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Disko
- IBG-3: Agrossphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nico Anders
- AVT-Enzyme Process Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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38
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Francin-Allami M, Merah K, Albenne C, Rogniaux H, Pavlovic M, Lollier V, Sibout R, Guillon F, Jamet E, Larré C. Cell wall proteomic of Brachypodium distachyon grains: A focus on cell wall remodeling proteins. Proteomics 2015; 15:2296-306. [PMID: 25787258 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls play key roles during plant development. Following their deposition into the cell wall, polysaccharides are continually remodeled according to the growth stage and stress environment to accommodate cell growth and differentiation. To date, little is known concerning the enzymes involved in cell wall remodeling, especially in gramineous and particularly in the grain during development. Here, we investigated the cell wall proteome of the grain of Brachypodium distachyon. This plant is a suitable model for temperate cereal crops. Among the 601 proteins identified, 299 were predicted to be secreted. These proteins were distributed into eight functional classes; the class of proteins that act on carbohydrates was the most highly represented. Among these proteins, numerous glycoside hydrolases were found. Expansins and peroxidases, which are assumed to be involved in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling, were also identified. Approximately half of the proteins identified in this study were newly discovered in grain and were not identified in the previous proteome analysis conducted using the culms and leaves of B. distachyon. Therefore, the data obtained from all organs of B. distachyon infer a global cell wall proteome consisting of 460 proteins. At present, this is the most extensive cell wall proteome of a monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kahina Merah
- INRA, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Albenne
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | - Richard Sibout
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Saclay Plant Science, Versailles, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Colette Larré
- INRA, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
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39
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San Clemente H, Jamet E. WallProtDB, a database resource for plant cell wall proteomics. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:2. [PMID: 25614757 PMCID: PMC4302427 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last fifteen years, cell wall proteomics has become a major research field with the publication of more than 50 articles describing plant cell wall proteomes. The WallProtDB database has been designed as a tool to facilitate the inventory, the interpretation of cell wall proteomics data and the comparisons between cell wall proteomes. RESULTS WallProtDB (http://www.polebio.lrsv.ups-tlse.fr/WallProtDB/) presently contains 2170 proteins and ESTs identified experimentally in 36 cell wall proteomics studies performed on 11 different plant species. Two criteria have to be met for entering WallProtDB. First one is related to the identification of proteins. Only proteins identified in plant with available genomic or ESTs data are considered to ensure unambiguous identification. Second criterion is related to the difficulty to obtain clean cell wall fractions. Indeed, since cell walls constitute an open compartment difficult to isolate, numerous proteins predicted to be intracellular and/or having functions inside the cell have been identified in cell wall extracts. Then, except proteins predicted to be plasma membrane proteins, only proteins having a predicted signal peptide and no known intracellular retention signal are included in the database. In addition, WallProtDB contains information about the strategies used to obtain cell wall protein extracts and to identify proteins by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Mass spectrometry data are included when available. All the proteins of WallProtDB are linked to ProtAnnDB, another database, which contains structural and functional bioinformatics annotations of proteins as well as links to other databases (Aramemnon, CAZy, Planet, Phytozome). A list of references in the cell wall proteomics field is also provided. CONCLUSIONS WallProtDB aims at becoming a cell wall proteome reference database. It can be updated at any time on request and provide a support for sharing cell wall proteomics data and literature references with researchers interested in plant cell wall biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène San Clemente
- />Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- />CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- />Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- />CNRS; UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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40
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Wei H, Brunecky R, Donohoe BS, Ding SY, Ciesielski PN, Yang S, Tucker MP, Himmel ME. Identifying the ionically bound cell wall and intracellular glycoside hydrolases in late growth stage Arabidopsis stems: implications for the genetic engineering of bioenergy crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:315. [PMID: 26029221 PMCID: PMC4429552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the cell wall-ionically bound glycoside hydrolases (GHs) in Arabidopsis stems is important for understanding the regulation of cell wall integrity. For cell wall proteomics studies, the preparation of clean cell wall fractions is a challenge since cell walls constitute an open compartment, which is more likely to contain a mixture of intracellular and extracellular proteins due to cell leakage at the late growth stage. Here, we utilize a CaCl2-extraction procedure to isolate non-structural proteins from Arabidopsis whole stems, followed by the in-solution and in-gel digestion methods coupled with Nano-LC-MS/MS, bioinformatics and literature analyses. This has led to the identification of 75 proteins identified using the in-solution method and 236 proteins identified by the in-gel method, among which about 10% of proteins predicted to be secreted. Together, eight cell wall proteins, namely AT1G75040, AT5G26000, AT3G57260, AT4G21650, AT3G52960, AT3G49120, AT5G49360, and AT3G14067, were identified by the in-solution method; among them, three were the GHs (AT5G26000, myrosinase 1, GH1; AT3G57260, β-1,3-glucanase 2, GH17; AT5G49360, bifunctional XYL 1/α-L-arabinofuranosidase, GH3). Moreover, four more GHs: AT4G30270 (xyloglucan endotransferase, GH16), AT1G68560 (bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/XYL, GH31), AT1G12240 (invertase, GH32) and AT2G28470 (β-galactosidase 8, GH35), were identified by the in-gel solution method only. Notably, more than half of above identified GHs are xylan- or hemicellulose-modifying enzymes, and will likely have an impact on cellulose accessibility, which is a critical factor for downstream enzymatic hydrolysis of plant tissues for biofuels production. The implications of these cell wall proteins identified at the late growth stage for the genetic engineering of bioenergy crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
- *Correspondence: Hui Wei and Michael E. Himmel, Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA ;
| | - Roman Brunecky
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
| | - Bryon S. Donohoe
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Shihui Yang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
| | - Melvin P. Tucker
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, CO, USA
- *Correspondence: Hui Wei and Michael E. Himmel, Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA ;
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