1
|
Horikawa S, Yang S, Tanaka T, Aoki T, Kato S. High-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator in a portable storage container. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073103. [PMID: 39007679 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
We present characterization and storage methods for a high-finesse nanofiber Fabry-Pérot resonator. Reflection spectroscopy from both ends of the resonator allows for the evaluation of the mirror transmittances and optical loss inside the resonator. To maintain the quality of the nanofiber resonator after the fabrication, we have developed a portable storage container. By filling the container with dry, clean nitrogen gas, we can prevent contamination of the nanofiber during storage. This approach allows us to minimize the additional optical loss to less than 0.08% over a week. The portable container facilitates both the fabrication and subsequent experimentation with the resonator in different locations. This flexibility expands the range of applications, including quantum optics, communication, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Horikawa
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Yang
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - T Aoki
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Inc., 1-22-3 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bae J, Yoo C, Yoon SY, Seol SK, Pyo J. Emission Directionality of 3D-Printed Photonic Nanowires. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16265-16273. [PMID: 38864726 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Photonic devices can be advanced by increasing the density of the integrated optical components. As the integration density increases, the potential for signal interference between adjacent components, optical crosstalk, becomes a concern. To address the crosstalk issue, it is crucial to identify the emission directionality of the integrated optical components. In this study, we investigate the emission directionality of 3D printed light-emitting nano/microwires. We experimentally and numerically showed that when the diameter is reduced below the single-mode cutoff, the emission becomes noticeably directional. In addition, our demonstrations on pairs of closely positioned wires show that optical crosstalk can be effectively avoided by reducing the diameter to the nanoscale to exploit the strong directionality of its emission. We expect that our study can be applied to various fundamental research and applications in the fields of photonics, optical communication, sensing, and imaging, where the directionality of the emissions is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheon Bae
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Chanbin Yoo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea
- Electric Energy & Materials Engineering, KERI School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon 51543, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang F, Lu Y, Chen Y. Active control of an electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in a coupled dual bound states in the continuum system integrated with graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9568-9577. [PMID: 38456630 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Electronically induced transparency (EIT) is a coherent optical phenomenon that induces interference within atoms, allowing certain specific frequencies of light to pass through atomic media without being absorbed. However, EIT systems face challenges related to narrow transparency windows and precise control of slow light. We propose an interference structure based on a coupled dual bound states in the continuum (BIC) system to emulate the EIT-like effect. By integrating quasi-BIC (bright mode) with BIC (dark mode), our design successfully achieves an EIT-like effect in a narrow bright mode with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 1 nm. Its notable features are the bright mode's wide tunability achieved through structural parameter adjustment and a significant group delay of up to 14.43 ps. Additionally, integrating graphene into the BIC structure introduced a form of active tunability akin to the EIT-like effect. We numerically calculate the coupling structure, and its intrinsic mechanism is analyzed. Analysis based on coupled-mode theory confirms that this active modulation primarily stems from changes in the BIC structure's loss. Due to its special frequency selectivity and insensitivity to the polarization of the light source, this narrow-band EIT-like structure is particularly suitable for high-precision optical sensing and spectroscopy. The significant group delay of this structure enhances the interaction between light and matter, improving the accuracy and efficiency of optical signal control and data transmission, opening up new avenues for slow light applications and making significant progress in the development of active tunable optical switches and modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng CH, Han B, Cheng L, Zheng W, Xia F, Zhao Y, Zhang YN. Highly sensitive ammonia sensor based on a PMMA/PANI microwire structure. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:959-966. [PMID: 38437392 DOI: 10.1364/ao.501901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive ammonia (N H 3) sensor based on a polymethyl methacrylate/polyaniline (PMMA/PANI) microwire structure is designed and implemented. First, a micron-sized PMMA microwire was fabricated and connected with two tapered single-mode fibers to form a coupling structure; thus, the Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interference was successfully excited due to the good light conductivity of the PMMA. It was demonstrated that the coupling structure behaved with a high refractive index detection sensitivity of 3044 nm/RIU. To make it sensitive to N H 3, the PANI was selected to mix with PMMA and then formed a micron-level PMMA/PANI fiber. The experimental results showed that the PMMA/PANI fiber can selectively sense N H 3 with a high sensitivity of 65.3 pm/ppm. This proposed N H 3 sensor not only solves the problem of sensitive film shedding, but also possesses the advantages of good integration, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and short response time.
Collapse
|
5
|
Song L, Wang C, Hu Y, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Zou CL, Li G, Zhang P, Zhang T. Measurement of Nanofiber Mechanical Flexural Modes Based on Near-Field Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033801. [PMID: 38307075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We systematically investigated the intrinsic mechanical flexural modes of tapered optical fibers (TOFs) with a high aspect ratio up to 3×10^{4}. Based on the near-field scattering of the hemispherical microfiber tip to the vibrating TOF evanescent field, we detected more than 320 ordered intrinsic mechanical modes through the TOF transmission spectra which was enhanced by 72 dB compared to without near-field scattering. The trend of the vibration amplitude with the mode order was similar to pendulum waves. Our results open a pathway to study the mechanical modes of photonic microstructures-nanostructures that are expected to be used in waveguide QED, cavity optomechanical, and optical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu N, Yao N, Wang S, Zhang Z, Ren T, Gao Y, Zhou X, Tong L, Zhang L. An optical nanofibre-enabled on-chip single-nanoparticle sensor. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4901-4908. [PMID: 37874569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle detection has received tremendous interest due to its significance in fundamental physics and biological applications. Here, we demonstrate an optical nanofibre-enabled microfluidic sensor for the detection and sizing of nanoparticles. Benefitting from the strong evanescent field outside the nanofibre, a nanoparticle close to the nanofibre can scatter a portion of the field energy to the environment, resulting in a decrease in the transmitted intensity of the nanofibre. On the other hand, the narrow and shallow microfluidic channel provides a femtoliter-scale detection region, making nanoparticles flow through the detection region one by one. By real-time monitoring of the transmitted intensity of the nanofibre, the detection of a single polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle as small as 100 nm in diameter and exosomes in solution is realised. Based on a statistical analysis, the mean scattering signal is related to the size of the nanoparticle. Experimentally, a mixture of nanoparticles of different diameters (200, 500, and 1000 nm) in solution is identified. To demonstrate its potential in biological applications, high-throughput counting of yeasts using a pair of microchannels and dual-wavelength detection of fluorescently labelled nanoparticles are realised. We believe that the developed nanoparticle sensor holds great potential for the multiplexed and rapid sensing of diverse viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Robotics, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao W, Cheng Y, Chen M, Deng S, Liu H, Teng C, Yang H, Deng H, Yuan L. SPP excitation and coupling mechanism based on micro/nano fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:7199-7204. [PMID: 37855575 DOI: 10.1364/ao.498398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A hot trend in the development of optoelectronic devices is how to use the principle of surface plasmon resonance to enhance the performance of integrated photonics devices and achieve miniaturization. This paper proposes an accompanying waveguide coupling structure of micro/nano fibers, which consists of two parallel-placed micro/nano fibers (MNFs) coated with a silver film in the waist region and infused with a refractive index matching oil. In the overlapping region, there exists a segment of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) coupling area. The excitation and coupling characteristics of SPPs are studied through numerical simulation. Optimal coupling enhancement configuration is obtained by studying variables such as spacing distance, coupling length, and metal film thickness. A comparison is made with the SPP intensity of a single MNF, showing a 220% increase in electric field intensity, demonstrating its excellent coupling effect. By using this coupling structure, exploration of SPPs excitation and coupling mechanisms is enhanced, and structures resembling interferometric devices can be designed, providing new insights for high-performance miniaturized devices.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang Y, Wang C, Wang X, Jiang M, Lao J, Wang D. Dispersion Turning Attenuation Microfiber for Flowrate Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7279. [PMID: 37631816 PMCID: PMC10459682 DOI: 10.3390/s23167279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a new optical fiber modal interferometer (MI) for airflow sensing; the novelty of the proposed structure is that an MI is fabricated based on a piece of HAF, which makes the sensitive MI itself also a hotwire. The interferometer is made by applying arc-discharge tapering and then flame tapering on a 10 mm length high attenuation fiber (HAF, 2 dB/cm) with both ends spliced to a normal single mode fiber. When the diameter of the fiber in the processing region is reduced to about 2 μm, the near-infrared dispersion turning point (DTP) can be observed in the interferometer's transmission spectrum. Due to the absorption of the HAF, the interferometer will have a large temperature increase under the action of a pump laser. At the same time, the spectrum of the interferometer with a DTP is very sensitive to the change in ambient temperature. Since airflow will significantly affect the temperature around the fiber, this thermosensitive interferometer with an integrated heat source is suitable for airflow sensing. Such an airflow sensor sample with a 31.2 mm length was made and pumped by a 980 nm laser with power up to 200 mW. In the comparative experiment with an electrical anemometer, this sensor exhibits a very high air-flow sensitivity of -2.69 nm/(m/s) at a flowrate of about 1.0 m/s. The sensitivity can be further improved by enlarging the waist length, increasing the pump power, etc. The optical anemometer with an extremely high sensitivity and a compact size has the potential to measure a low flowrate in constrained microfluidic channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Tang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Institute of Beijing Aerospace Control Devices, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Institute of Beijing Aerospace Control Devices, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Junda Lao
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Dongning Wang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park W, Chun H, Nguyen P, Lee C. A differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor for positioning control of a long-range flexure stage. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:075003. [PMID: 37449896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel positioning feedback sensor using a pair of Hall effect elements on a long-range flexure stage. The proposed Hall effect positioning feedback sensor eliminates error and uncertainty by measuring the center of the flexure stage, where a machine tool or measurement probes would take place in the industrial application. A pair of Hall effect elements were amplified in a differential configuration as the cylindrical permanent magnet enclosed in the center of the shuttle in the flexure stage that moves back and forth, generating a uniform gradient magnetic flux intensity. Nonlinear magnetic flux characteristics of a single Hall effect element were eliminated, and high-quality sensor sensitivity was achieved by differential amplification of the two Hall effect elements. The magnetic field analysis to characterize the linearity of the proposed displacement sensor was simulated using the finite element method to prove that the non-linearity of a single hall effect element may be mitigated by employing the differential amplification technique. The flexure stage was additively manufactured into a monolithic structure, and the permanent magnet was fitted into the shuttle of the flexure stage. Each Hall effect element was placed on either side of the magnet at a certain distance on the axis of shuttle movement. The proposed sensor was characterized by performing dynamic system identification of the flexure stage: open-loop response and closed-loop response. The Laser Displacement Sensor (LDS) with the 10 nm resolution was used for baseline comparison and datum line with respect to the proposed sensor. The proposed sensor responses agreed well with LDS in various dynamic inputs. The sensor response was analyzed with two differential amplification signal processing techniques. The maximum sensitivity of the two signal processing techniques was determined to be 16.55 mV/μm, and the resolution was observed as 2.5 μm. In sum, the differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor achieved positioning feedback with high sensitivity and linearity and minimized the sensor placement error while maintaining low cost and simple configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Park
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Heebum Chun
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Phuc Nguyen
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Chabum Lee
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang R, Yan M, Jiang M, Li Y, Kang X, Hu M, Liu B, He Z, Kong D. Label-free and selective cholesterol detection based on multilayer functional structure coated fiber fabry-perot interferometer probe. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341051. [PMID: 36935139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A reflective fiber-optic Fabry-Perot cavity probe sensor is proposed to selectively measure cholesterol concentration by insert single mode fiber into ceramic tube and immobilize epoxy resin (ER)/graphene oxide (GO)/beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) multi-layer film onto end face of ceramic tube. EDC/NHS activated GO is selected to form chemical binding with β-CD, and β-CD is the sensitive materials to bind with cholesterol molecules. With multi-layer film assisted, the sensitivity of sensor to cholesterol concentration can reach 3.92 nm/mM and the limit of detection reaches 3.48 μ M. In addition, 4 mM hemoglobin, glucose and ascorbic acid are doped into a set cholesterol sample and verified the highly selectivity of sensing cholesterol. Furthermore, the reproducibility was proved by measure the spectrum of four sensors with same fabrication process, and the reusability was also proved by repeated measurements. Overall, the sensor features with high mechanical strength, ease of fabrication, real-time monitoring, low cost and ease for measurement that given by probe structure. Therefore, the sensor provides a remarkable analytical platform for biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, School of Physics, Institute of Photonics&Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, School of Physics, Institute of Photonics&Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, School of Physics, Institute of Photonics&Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aperture Array and Space Application, 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, HeFei, 230000, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Mingxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, School of Physics, Institute of Photonics&Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, School of Physics, Institute of Photonics&Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan He
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Depeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Markom AM, Ghafar NAMA, Batumalay M, Yusof Y, Rosol AHA, Zulkipli NF, Muhammad AR, Haris H, Saad I, Harun SW. Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Nb 2AlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 36903689 PMCID: PMC10005740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (Nb2AlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial. A peak pulse energy of 7.43 nJ was measured at 175.87 mW pump power. In addition to providing some useful design suggestions for manufacturing SAs based on MAX phase materials, this work shows the MAX phase materials' immense potential for making ultra-short laser pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arni Munira Markom
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Malathy Batumalay
- Faculty of Data Science and IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusrina Yusof
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haziq Aiman Rosol
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhanah Zulkipli
- Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) Penang Branch Campus, Tanjong Bungah 11200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazlihan Haris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Saad
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang H, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang S. Review of Optical Fiber Sensors for Temperature, Salinity, and Pressure Sensing and Measurement in Seawater. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22145363. [PMID: 35891043 PMCID: PMC9325297 DOI: 10.3390/s22145363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature, salinity, and pressure (TSP) are essential parameters for the ocean. Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have rapidly come into focus as an ocean detection technology in recent years due to their advantages of electromagnetic interference, light weight, low cost, and no waterproof requirement. In this paper, the most recently developed TSP sensors for single parameter and multi-parameter TSP sensing and measurement based on different OFSs are reviewed. In addition, from the practical point of view, encapsulation methods that protect fibers and maintain the normal operation of OFSs in seawater, and the response time of the OFS, are addressed. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of OFSs used in marine environments and provide some clues for future work.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Lu H, Deng S, Wen X, Li M. Refractive index sensitivity of Brillouin acoustic modes in single-mode subwavelength-diameter fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5055-5061. [PMID: 36256183 DOI: 10.1364/ao.456455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The acousto-optic interaction is strongly modified and different in subwavelength confinement. Here, the optical propagation and acoustic propagation in a subwavelength-diameter fiber (SDF) have been investigated through adopting a two-layer fiber model of air-coated silica rod. Theoretical investigation indicates that SDF with a diameter below 1.2 µm supports the single mode of light propagation, and various Brillouin acoustic modes with well-spaced spectral distribution can be also excited. Due to the light propagation with the outer environment as the cladding layer, the surrounding medium will greatly affect Brillouin scattering of SDFs. Both the simulation and experiment results indicate a relatively good linear relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift of the lower acoustic modes and surrounding environmental refractive index (RI), and the higher RI sensitivity in finer SDFs can be obtained. In addition, hybrid acoustic waves have shown higher sensitivity and stability than surface acoustic modes. A RI sensitivity of about 5.1 GHz/RIU has been achieved in a 1.1 µm SDF, demonstrating its potential application in RI sensing.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao X, Yao N, Zhang X, Zhang L, Tao G, Li Z, Liu Q, Zhao X, Xu Y. Optimizing Evanescent Efficiency of Chalcogenide Tapered Fiber. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113834. [PMID: 35683134 PMCID: PMC9181228 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Evanescent wave absorption-based mid-infrared chalcogenide fiber sensors have prominent advantages in multicomponent liquid and gas detection. In this work, a new approach of tapered-fiber geometry optimization was proposed, and the evanescent efficiency was also theoretically calculated to evaluate sensing performance. The influence of fiber geometry (waist radius (Rw), taper length (Lt), waist deformation) on the mode distribution, light transmittance (T), evanescent proportion (TO) and evanescent efficiency (τ) is discussed. Remarkably, the calculated results show that the evanescent efficiency can be over 10% via optimizing the waist radius and taper length. Generally, a better sensing performance based on tapered fiber can be achieved if the proportion of the LP11-like mode becomes higher or Rw becomes smaller. Furthermore, the radius of the waist boundary (RL) was introduced to analyze the waist deformation. Mode proportion is almost unchanged as the RL increases, while τ is halved. In addition, the larger the micro taper is, the easier the taper process is. Herein, a longer waist can be obtained, resulting in larger sensing area which increases sensitivity greatly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
- Laboratoire des Verres et Céramiques, UMR-CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Zijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu L, Zhao T, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou Z, Ren X. The influence of single layer MoS 2flake on the propagated surface plasmons of silver nanowire. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:155401. [PMID: 34911045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate enhancing the excitation and transmission efficiency of the propagated surface plasmon (SP) of an Ag nanowire (Ag NW) in hybrid Ag-MoS2structures by contrasting the SP propagation of the Ag NW on different substrates, including SiO2and monolayer MoS2, or partially overlapping the Ag NW on MoS2flakes. The simulation results show that the leaky radiation of the hybrid plasmonic modes H1and H2can be prominently suppressed due to the high refractive index dielectric layer of MoS2, which provides an optical barrier for blocking the leaky radiation, resulting in reduced propagation loss. This paper provides a feasible and effective method to improve the SP propagation length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Godet A, Chretien J, Huy KP, Beugnot JC. Micronewton nanofiber force sensor using Brillouin scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:815-824. [PMID: 35209263 DOI: 10.1364/oe.443594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a new class of force sensor based on Brillouin scattering in an optical nanofiber. The sensor is a silica nanofiber of a few centimeters with a submicron transverse dimension. This extreme form factor enables one to measure forces ranging from 10 μN to 0.2N. The linearity of the sensor can be ensured using the multimode character of the Brillouin spectrum in optical nanofibers. We also demonstrated non-static operation and a competitive signal-to-noise ratio as compared to commercial force sensor resistor.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiang S, You H, Miao X, Niu L, Yao C, Jiang Y, Zhou G. An Ultra-Sensitive Multi-Functional Optical Micro/Nanofiber Based on Stretchable Encapsulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7437. [PMID: 34833512 PMCID: PMC8618424 DOI: 10.3390/s21227437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable optical fiber sensors (SOFSs), which are promising and ultra-sensitive next-generation sensors, have achieved prominent success in applications including health monitoring, robotics, and biological-electronic interfaces. Here, we report an ultra-sensitive multi-functional optical micro/nanofiber embedded with a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which is compatible with wearable optical sensors. Based on the effect of a strong evanescent field, the as-fabricated SOFS is highly sensitive to strain, achieving high sensitivity with a peak gauge factor of 450. In addition, considering the large negative thermo-optic coefficient of PDMS, temperature measurements in the range of 30 to 60 °C were realized, resulting in a 0.02 dBm/°C response. In addition, wide-range detection of humidity was demonstrated by a peak sensitivity of 0.5 dB/% RH, with less than 10% variation at each humidity stage. The robust sensing performance, together with the flexibility, enables the real-time monitoring of pulse, body temperature, and respiration. This as-fabricated SOFS provides significant potential for the practical application of wearable healthcare sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guorui Zhou
- Department of Engineering Optics, Research Center of Laser Fusion CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China; (S.X.); (H.Y.); (X.M.); (L.N.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taha BA, Ali N, Sapiee NM, Fadhel MM, Mat Yeh RM, Bachok NN, Al Mashhadany Y, Arsad N. Comprehensive Review Tapered Optical Fiber Configurations for Sensing Application: Trend and Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11080253. [PMID: 34436055 PMCID: PMC8391612 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding environmental information is necessary for functions correlated with human activities to improve healthcare quality and reduce ecological risk. Tapered optical fibers reduce some limitations of such devices and can be considerably more responsive to fluorescence and absorption properties changes. Data have been collected from reliable sources such as Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this narrative review, we have summarized and analyzed eight classes of tapered-fiber forms: fiber Bragg grating (FBG), long-period fiber grating (LPFG), Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), photonic crystals fiber (PCF), surface plasmonic resonance (SPR), multi-taper devices, fiber loop ring-down technology, and optical tweezers. We evaluated many issues to make an informed judgement about the viability of employing the best of these methods in optical sensors. The analysis of performance for tapered optical fibers depends on four mean parameters: taper length, sensitivity, wavelength scale, and waist diameter. Finally, we assess the most potent strategy that has the potential for medical and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Norazida Ali
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Nurfarhana Mohamad Sapiee
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Muhanad Fadhel
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Ros Maria Mat Yeh
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Nur Nadia Bachok
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Ramadi 00964, Anbar, Iraq;
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (B.A.T.); (N.A.); (N.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.Y.); (N.N.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim S, Brady J, Al-Badani F, Yu S, Hart J, Jung S, Tran TT, Myung NV. Nanoengineering Approaches Toward Artificial Nose. Front Chem 2021; 9:629329. [PMID: 33681147 PMCID: PMC7935515 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Faraj Al-Badani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sooyoun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hao Z, Jiang B, Hou Y, Li C, Yi R, Ji Y, Li J, Li A, Gan X, Zhao J. Continuous-wave pumped frequency upconversions in an InSe-integrated microfiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:733-736. [PMID: 33577501 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the achievement of continuous-wave (CW)-pumped second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) in a layered indium selenide (InSe)-integrated microfiber. As a result of the strong interaction between the InSe nanosheets and the evanescent field, the second-order nonlinear processes are greatly enhanced in the InSe-integrated microfiber pumped by a few milliwatt CW lasers. The experimental results reveal that the intensities of SHG and SFG are quadratic and linear dependencies with the incident pump power, respectively, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. Additionally, the SHG intensity is strongly polarization-dependent on the nonaxisymmetrical distribution of the InSe nanosheets around the microfiber, providing the possibility of the SHG-polarized manipulation. The proposed device has the potential to be integrable into all-fiber systems for nonlinear applications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang Y, Liu H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Yao N, Zhang L, Tong L. Optical Micro/Nanofiber-Enabled Compact Tactile Sensor for Hardness Discrimination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4560-4566. [PMID: 33435667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical micro/nanofibers (MNFs) can be applied for ultrasensitive tactile sensing with fast response and compact size, which are attractive for restoring tactile information in minimally invasive robotic surgery and tissue palpation. Herein, we present a compact tactile sensor (CTS) with a diameter of 1.5 mm enabled by an optical MNF. The CTS provides continuous readouts for high-fidelity transduction of touch and pressure stimuli into interpretable optical signals, which permit instantaneous sensing of contact and pressure with pressure-sensing sensitivity as high as 0.108 mN-1 and a resolution of 0.031 mN. Working in pressing mode, the CTS can discriminate the difference in the hardness of two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) slats (with shore A of 36 and 40) directly, a hardness resolving ability even beyond the human hands. Benefitting from the fast response feature, the CTS can also be operated in either scanning or tapping mode, making it feasible for hardness identification by analyzing the shape of the response curve. As a proof of concept, the hardness discrimination of a pork liver and an adductor muscle was experimentally demonstrated. Such MNF-enabled compact tactile sensors may pave the way for hardness sensing in tissue palpation, surgical robotics, and object identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Li M, Lin Z, Zhang X, Dai H, Liu J, Yu H, Wu Z, Pu J. Backpropagation neural network assisted concentration prediction of biconical microfiber sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37566-37576. [PMID: 33379589 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response of the optical microfiber sensor has a big difference due to the slight change in fiber structure, which greatly reduces the reliability of microfiber sensors and limits its practical applications. To avoid the nonlinear influences of microfiber deformation and individual differences on sensing performance, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed for concentration prediction based on biconical microfiber (BMF) sensors. Microfiber diameter, cone angle, and relative intensity are the key input parameters for detecting the concentration of chlorophyll-a (from ∼0.03 mg/g to ∼0.10 mg/g). Hundreds of relative intensity-concentration data pairs acquired from 32 BMF sensors are used for the network training. The prediction ability of the model is evaluated by the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the fitness value (F). The prediction performance of BPNN is compared with the traditional linear-fitting line method. After training, BPNN could adapt to the BMF sensors with different structural parameters and predict the nonlinear response caused by the small structural changes of microfiber. The concentration prediction given by BPNN is much closer to the actual measured value than the one obtained by the linear fitting curve (RMSE 1.84×10-3 mg/g vs. 4.6×10-3 mg/g). The numbers of training data and hidden layers of the BPNN are discussed respectively. The prediction results indicate that the one-hidden-layer network trained by more training data provides the best performance (RMSE and fitness values are 1.63×10-3 mg/g and 97.91%, respectively) in our experiments. With the help of BPNN, the performance of the BMF sensor is acceptable to the geometric deformation and fabrication error of microfiber, which provides an opportunity for the practical application of sensors based on micro/nanofibers.
Collapse
|
23
|
State-of-the-Art Optical Microfiber Coupler Sensors for Physical and Biochemical Sensing Applications. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10110179. [PMID: 33218037 PMCID: PMC7698761 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An optical fiber coupler is a simple and fundamental component for fiber optic technologies that works by reducing the fiber diameter to hundred nanometers or several micrometers. The microfiber coupler (MFC) has regained interest in optical fiber sensing in recent years. The subwavelength diameter rationales vast refractive index (RI) contrast between microfiber “core” and surrounding “cladding”, a large portion of energy transmits in the form of an evanescent wave over the fiber surface that determines the MFC ultrasensitive to local environmental changes. Consequently, MFC has the potential to develop as a sensor. With the merits of easy fabrication, low cost and compact size, numerous researches have been carried out on different microfiber coupler configurations for various sensing applications, such as refractive index (RI), temperature, humidity, magnetic field, gas, biomolecule, and so on. In this manuscript, the fabrication and operation principle of an MFC are elaborated and recent advances of MFC-based sensors for scientific and technological applications are comprehensively reviewed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Moś JE, Stasiewicz KA, Matras-Postołek K, Jaroszewicz LR. Thermo-Optical Switching Effect Based on a Tapered Optical Fiber and Higher Alkanes Doped with ZnS:Mn. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13215044. [PMID: 33182417 PMCID: PMC7664860 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The paper investigates the effect of thermo-optic switching resulting from the hybrid combination of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with alkanes doped with nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn NP). Presented measurements focused on controlling losses in an optical fiber by modification of a TOF cladding by the alkanes used, characterized by phase change. Temperature changes cause power transmission changes creating a switcher or a sensor working in an ON-OFF mode. Phase change temperatures and changes in the refractive index of the alkane used directly affected power switching. Alkanes were doped with ZnS:Mn NPs to change the hysteresis observed between ON-OFF modes in pure alkanes. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the difference between phase changes due to improved thermal conductivity and introduces extra nucleating agents. Results are presented in the wide optical range of 550-1200 nm. In this investigation, hexadecane and heptadecane were a new cladding for TOF. The higher alkanes were doped with ZnS: Mn NPs in an alkane volume of 1 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The thermo-optic effect can be applied to manufacture a thermo-optic switcher or a temperature threshold sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Moś
- Faculty of New Technology and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Karol A. Stasiewicz
- Faculty of New Technology and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Matras-Postołek
- Faculty Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Leszek R. Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of New Technology and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (L.R.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pan J, Zhang Z, Jiang C, Zhang L, Tong L. A multifunctional skin-like wearable optical sensor based on an optical micro-/nanofibre. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17538-17544. [PMID: 32812610 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional skin-like sensors play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics. Here, we report a skin-like wearable optical sensor (SLWOS) enabled by a stretchable, flexible, and attachable patch embedded with an optical micro-/nanofibre (MNF), which is highly compatible with human skin, a curved surface, or cloth. Based on the transition from radiation modes into guided modes around the bending area of the MNF, the SLWOS embedded with a wavy MNF is highly sensitive to weak strain, achieving a gauge factor as large as 675 (strain <1%). The flexible SLWOS is also capable of monitoring the bending angle in a broad dynamic range with tunable sensitivity. In addition, temperature measurements in the range of -20 to 130 °C are realized by taking advantage of PDMS's large negative thermo-optic coefficient. The superior sensing performance together with mechanical flexibility enables the real-time monitoring of respiration, arm motion, and body temperature. This SLWOS will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from ultrasensitive sensors to photonic healthcare devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Girei SH, Lim HN, Ahmad MZ, Mahdi MA, Md Zain AR, Yaacob MH. High Sensitivity Microfiber Interferometer Sensor in Aqueous Solution. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174713. [PMID: 32825539 PMCID: PMC7506984 DOI: 10.3390/s20174713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for environmental protection and water pollution control has led to the development of different sensors for determining many kinds of pollutants in water. Ammonia nitrogen presence is an important indicator of water quality in environmental monitoring applications. In this paper, a high sensitivity sensor for monitoring ammonia nitrogen concentration in water using a tapered microfiber interferometer (MFI) as a sensor platform and a broad supercontinuum laser as the light source is realized. The MFI is fabricated to the waist diameter of 8 µm producing a strong interference pattern due to the coupling of the fundamental mode with the cladding mode. The MFI sensor is investigated for a low concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water in the wide wavelength range from 1500-1800 nm with a high-power signal provided by the supercontinuum source. The broad source allows optical sensing characteristics of the MFI to be evaluated at four different wavelengths (1505, 1605, 1705, and 1785 nm) upon exposure towards various ammonia nitrogen concentrations. The highest sensitivity of 0.099 nm/ppm that indicates the wavelength shift is observed at 1785 nm operating wavelength. The response is linear in the ammonia nitrogen range of 5-30 ppm with the best measurement resolution calculated to be 0.5 ppm. The low concentration ammonia nitrogen detected by the MFI in the unique infrared region reveals the potential application of this optical fiber-based sensor for rivers and drinking water monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hayatu Girei
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.H.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Hong Ngee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.H.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43650, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hanif Yaacob
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.H.G.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-16-3289-044
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Pan J, Zhang L, Wang P, Tong L. Bio-inspired flow rate sensor based on optical microfiber embedded soft film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21359-21367. [PMID: 32752415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by superficial neuromasts in the lateral line of fish for the sensing of flow rate, we report a bionic optical microfiber flow rate sensor by embedding a U-shaped microfiber into a thin PDMS film. When immersed into liquid, the PDMS film is deflected by the flowing liquid, resulting in a bending-dependent transmittance change of the embedded microfiber which is directly related to the flow rate of the liquid. The flow rate sensor exhibits a low detection limit (< 0.05 L/min), a high resolution (0.005 L/min), and a fast response time (12 ms). In addition, the sensitivity and working range of the sensor are tunable in a wide range via adjusting the thickness of PDMS film, the microfiber diameter, and/or the working wavelength.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Gong Y, Tong L. Optical micro/nanofibre embedded soft film enables multifunctional flow sensing in microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2572-2579. [PMID: 32573608 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have been proven to be a powerful technical platform for chemical synthesis, biomedical research, and optofluidic devices. Here, we report a smart microfluidic chip (SMC) with multiple functionality to sense the status or incidents occurring on chip. The SMC is enabled by a soft, flexible and attachable film embedded with optical micro/nanofibres (MNFs), which is highly compatible with microfluidic chips fabricated by lithography. Based on the transition from guided modes to radiation modes of the MNFs, simultaneous flow rate detection in multiple channels is demonstrated on a SMC with high sensitivity. The MNF-enabled SMC is also capable of monitoring the transportation and morphology of microfluidic droplets with fast response. In addition, real-time counting of the magnetic droplets is performed to verify the SMC's anti-electromagnetic interference ability. This SMC is unique and may play an important role in microreactors, droplet microfluidics and optofluidic sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gauglitz G. Critical assessment of relevant methods in the field of biosensors with direct optical detection based on fibers and waveguides using plasmonic, resonance, and interference effects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3317-3349. [PMID: 32313998 PMCID: PMC7214504 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct optical detection has proven to be a highly interesting tool in biomolecular interaction analysis to be used in drug discovery, ligand/receptor interactions, environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, screening of large data volumes in immunology, cancer therapy, or personalized medicine. In this review, the fundamental optical principles and applications are reviewed. Devices are based on concepts such as refractometry, evanescent field, waveguides modes, reflectometry, resonance and/or interference. They are realized in ring resonators; prism couplers; surface plasmon resonance; resonant mirror; Bragg grating; grating couplers; photonic crystals, Mach-Zehnder, Young, Hartman interferometers; backscattering; ellipsometry; or reflectance interferometry. The physical theories of various optical principles have already been reviewed in detail elsewhere and are therefore only cited. This review provides an overall survey on the application of these methods in direct optical biosensing. The "historical" development of the main principles is given to understand the various, and sometimes only slightly modified variations published as "new" methods or the use of a new acronym and commercialization by different companies. Improvement of optics is only one way to increase the quality of biosensors. Additional essential aspects are the surface modification of transducers, immobilization strategies, selection of recognition elements, the influence of non-specific interaction, selectivity, and sensitivity. Furthermore, papers use for reporting minimal amounts of detectable analyte terms such as value of mass, moles, grams, or mol/L which are difficult to compare. Both these essential aspects (i.e., biochemistry and the presentation of LOD values) can be discussed only in brief (but references are provided) in order to prevent the paper from becoming too long. The review will concentrate on a comparison of the optical methods, their application, and the resulting bioanalytical quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Fang F, Yang L, Tan S, Yan Z, Sun Q. In-situ DNA hybridization detection based on a reflective microfiber probe. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:970-979. [PMID: 32121816 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free biosensor based on a reflective microfiber probe for in-situ real-time DNA hybridization detection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The microfiber probe is simply fabricated by snapping a non-adiabatic biconical microfiber through closing the oxyhydrogen flame during fiber stretching. Assisted with the Fresnel reflection at the end of microfiber, a reflective microfiber modal interferometer is realized. The in-situ DNA hybridization relies on the surface functionalization of a monolayer of Poly-L-lysine (PLL) and synthetic DNA sequences that bind to a given target with high specificity. The detection processes of DNA hybridization in various concentration of target DNA solutions are monitored in real-time and the experimental results present a minimum detectable concentration of 10pM with good repeatability. Additionally, the detection specificity is also investigated by immersing the microfiber probe into the non-complementary ssDNA solutions and observing the spectral variation. The proposed biosensor has advantages of high sensitivity, compact size, ease of use and simple fabrication, which makes it has great potential to be applied in a lot of fields such as disease diagnosis, medicine, and environmental science.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bouhadida M, Lebrun S. Laser-induced breakdown measurements of silica nanofibers in air and immersed in water, ethanol and isopropanol. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023808010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present the first study to our knowledge of Laser-Induced Breakdown (LIB) measurements of silica nanofibers in air and in three liquids for different radii in the ns regime. The experimental protocol is described. A significant number of samples are tested and the results are highly repeatable. We showed that immerging a nanofiber in a liquid substantially enhanced the LIB, the most salient increase having been obtained for nanofibers immersed in water for which the LIB has been almost multiplied by a factor of 2 compared with air. This property offers a new degree of freedom to widen the field of applications of nanofibers, where high peaks powers are needed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Godet A, Chrétien J, Phan Huy K, Beugnot JC. Tapered optical fiber for Micro-Newton force sensor. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023808009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Brillouin scattering in silica nanofiber to demonstrate a microNewton force sensor having weak optical losses and using only one access of the nanofiber. The measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical model.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bouhadida M, Lebrun S. Long-time optical transmittance measurements of silica nanofibers. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023808011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform long-time measurements of the optical silica transmittance during several months in different environments and with different nanofiber lengths. These measurements are repeatable and give guidelines to control and to improve the lifetime and the performances of the nanofiber. The dust particles on the nanofiber surface is the fundamental reason behind its degradation. Enhancing the cleanness conditions of the nanofiber environment makes its lifetime increases significantly (from some hours to some months) and enables to avoid the dramatic decrease of its transmittance even after months. The nanofiber length does not contribute to the nanofiber transmittance degradation. Stabilizing the nanofiber transmittance after its decrease is possible by putting in in a dust free box.
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo X. Micro/Nanofiber-coupled low-dimensional structures for nanophotonic applications -INVITED. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical micro/nanofiber, with diameter close to the wavelength of the waveguided light, leaves a considerably large fractional evanescent fields for coupling with low-dimensional functional nanostructures. Here I introduce our works on 4micro/nanofiber-coupled low-dimensional structures for nanophotonic applications including gas sensing and ultrashort pulse measurement.
Collapse
|
35
|
Micro-/Nanofiber Optics: Merging Photonics and Material Science on Nanoscale for Advanced Sensing Technology. iScience 2019; 23:100810. [PMID: 31931430 PMCID: PMC6957875 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-/nanofibers (MNFs) are optical fibers with diameters close to or below the wavelength of the guided light. These tiny fibers can offer engineerable waveguiding properties including optical confinement, fractional evanescent fields, and surface intensity, which is very attractive to optical sensing on the micro-/nano scale. In this review, we first introduce the basics of MNF optics and MNF optical sensors from physical and chemical to biological applications and review the progress and current status of this field. Then, we review and discuss hybrid MNF structures for advanced optical sensing by merging MNFs with functional structures including chemical indicators, quantum dots, dye molecules, plasmonic nanoparticles, 2-D materials, and optofluidic chips. Thirdly, we introduce the emerging trends in developing MNF-based advanced sensing technology for ultrasensitive, active, and wearable sensors and discuss the future prospects and challenges in this exciting research field. Finally, we end the review with a brief conclusion.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mei H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Tong L. Coiled Optical Nanofiber for Optofluidic Absorbance Detection. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2267-2271. [PMID: 31385506 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for optofluidic absorbance detection is the high concentration limit of detection due to the short optical path length. Herein, we introduce a concept of utilizing the coiled optical nanofiber for highly sensitive and robust optofluidic absorbance detection. Investigated by measuring the absorbance of FeCl3 solutions, the sensor shows a detection limit down to 10 μM with excellent reversibility in a concentration range of 0-5 mM. The sensitivity is 10-fold higher than that of standard absorbance measurement by using a 1 cm cuvette. Also, highly sensitive chloramphenicol sensing was demonstrated by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, achieving a detection limit below 0.5 ng/L. The higher sensitivity and lower detection limit are caused by the large fractional power of evanescent field outside the nanofiber and the long detection length, which can effectively improve the absorption of the evanescent field, while the excellent reversibility is caused by the support of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar rather than by suspending the nanofiber in the microchannel. We envision that the present work may open up new opportunities for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ran Y, Long J, Xu Z, Hu D, Guan BO. Temperature monitorable refractometer of microfiber Bragg grating using a duet of harmonic resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3186-3189. [PMID: 31259917 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the temperature cross-sensitivity of the microfiber Bragg grating (m-FBG) refractometer, we propose a novel refractive-index-temperature dual-sensing paradigm involving the third harmonic Bragg resonance that presents distinctive sensing characteristics. Strong resonances are obtained in both 1060 nm and 1550 nm wavebands under the modulation of the UV Talbot pattern. Moreover, higher-order transverse mode coupled resonance is also observed at the third harmonic waveband, supplementing an independent signal for enabling a sensing trio potentially. It is believed that the proposed dual-sensing paradigm would contribute to the m-FBT-based chemoprobes/bioprobes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Terra IAA, Sanfelice RC, Scagion VP, Tomazio NB, Mendonça CR, Nunes LAO, Correa DS. Polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun nanofibers doped with Eu3+: Fabrication, characterization, and application in gas sensors. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idelma A. A. Terra
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa Instrumentação 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafaela C. Sanfelice
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto de Ciências Tecnológicas e Exatas – ICTE, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – UFTM Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Vanessa P. Scagion
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa Instrumentação 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nathalia B. Tomazio
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC)São Paulo University (USP) 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cleber R. Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC)São Paulo University (USP) 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luiz A. O. Nunes
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC)São Paulo University (USP) 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa Instrumentação 13560‐970, São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou N, Wang P, Shi ZX, Gao YX, Yang YX, Wang YP, Xie Y, Cai DW, Guo X, Zhang L, Qiu JR, Tong LM. Au nanorod-coupled microfiber optical humidity sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8180-8185. [PMID: 31052640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-sensitivity relative humidity (RH) sensor taking advantage of single-band narrow plasmon resonance of a single Au nanorod coupled to a whispering gallery cavity mode of a polyacrylamide microfiber. From the resonance peak shift, the sensor could achieve a sensitivity up to 0.51 nm/% RH with a cavity size of about 2 μm. By coupling multiple Au nanorods along the microfiber axis, we demonstrate a position-dependent microfiber optical humidity sensor with a 1.5-mm spatial resolution, which can be potentially reduced to micrometer level, paving a way toward high-resolution distributed microfiber optical sensors.
Collapse
|
40
|
Maruya H, Oe Y, Takashima H, Hattori AN, Tanaka H, Takeuchi S. Non-contact detection of nanoscale structures using optical nanofiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:367-376. [PMID: 30696124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nanoscale structure/material property in a wide observation area is becoming very important in various application fields. However, it is difficult to utilize current optical technologies. Toward the realization of novel alternative, we have investigated a new optical sensing method using an optical nanofiber. When the nanofiber vertically approached a glass prism with a partial gold film, the material differences between the glass and the gold were detected as a transmittance difference of 6% with a vertical resolution of 9.6 nm. The nanofiber was also scanned 100 nm above an artificial small protruding object with a width of 240 nm. The object was detected with a horizontal resolution of 630 nm, which was less than the wavelength of the probe light.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen JH, Tan J, Wu GX, Zhang XJ, Xu F, Lu YQ. Tunable and enhanced light emission in hybrid WS 2-optical-fiber-nanowire structures. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:8. [PMID: 30651983 PMCID: PMC6333622 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted renewed interest owing to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. Similar to that of graphene, the atomic thickness of TMDCs significantly limits their optoelectronic applications. In this study, we report a hybrid WS2-optical-fiber-nanowire (WOFN) structure for broadband enhancement of the light-matter interactions, i.e., light absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and second-harmonic generation (SHG), through evanescent field coupling. The interactions between the anisotropic light field of an optical fiber nanowire (OFN) and the anisotropic second-order susceptibility tensor of WS2 are systematically studied theoretically and experimentally. In particular, an efficient SHG in the WOFN appears to be 20 times larger than that in the same OFN before the WS2 integration under the same conditions. Moreover, we show that strain can efficiently manipulate the PL and SHG in the WOFN owing to the large configurability of the silica OFN. Our results demonstrate the potential applications of waveguide-coupled TMDCs structures for tunable high-performance photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Singh U, Mohan S, Davis F, Mitchell G. Modifying the thermomechanical properties of electrospun fibres of poly-vinyl cinnamate by photo-cross-linking. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
43
|
Yang D, Chen X, Zhang X, Lan C, Zhang Y. High-Q, low-index-contrast photonic crystal nanofiber cavity for high sensitivity refractive index sensing. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6958-6965. [PMID: 30129584 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of simultaneous high-quality (Q)-factor and high-sensitivity (S) photonic crystal nanofiber cavities (PCNFCs) made of single silica nanofiber that have a low-index contrast (ratio=1.45). By using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, two different resonant modes, dielectric mode (DM) and air mode (AM), are designed and optimized to achieve an ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM), respectively. Numerical simulations are performed to study the Q-factors and sensitivities of the proposed PCNFCs. It shows that for both DM- and AM-based PCNFCs, respectively, the Q-factors and sensitivities of Q∼1.1×107, S=563.6 nm/RIU and Q∼2.1×105, S=736.8 nm/RIU can be estimated, resulting in FOMs as high as 4.31×106 and 1.13×105, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first silica nanofiber cavity geometry that simultaneously features high Q and high S for both DM and AM in PCNFCs. Compared with the state of the art of nanofiber-based cavities, the cavity Q-factor to mode volume (V) ratio (Q/V) in this work has been improved more than two orders of magnitude. The demonstration of a high Q/V cavity in low-index-contrast nanofibers can open up versatile applications using a broad range of functional and flexible fibers. Moreover, due to the extended evanescent field and small mode volumes, the proposed PCNFCs are ideal platforms for remote ultra-sensitive refractive-index-based gas sensing without the need for complicated coupling systems.
Collapse
|