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Guo X, Xu H, Seo JE. Application of HepaRG cells for genotoxicity assessment: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:214-237. [PMID: 38566478 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2331956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the use of human-derived metabolically competent cells for genotoxicity testing. The HepaRG cell line is considered one of the most promising cell models because it is TP53-proficient and retains many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes. In recent years, HepaRG cells, cultured in both a traditional two-dimensional (2D) format and as more advanced in-vivo-like 3D spheroids, have been employed in assays that measure different types of genetic toxicity endpoints, including DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal damage. This review summarizes published studies that have used HepaRG cells for genotoxicity assessment, including cell model evaluation studies and risk assessment for various compounds. Both 2D and 3D HepaRG models can be adapted to several high-throughput genotoxicity assays, generating a large number of data points that facilitate quantitative benchmark concentration modeling. With further validation, HepaRG cells could serve as a unique, human-based new alternative methodology for in vitro genotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Hannah Xu
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Carpi D, Liska R, Malinowska JM, Palosaari T, Bouhifd M, Whelan M. Investigating the dependency of in vitro benchmark concentrations on exposure time in transcriptomics experiments. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105761. [PMID: 38081393 PMCID: PMC10879918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest to employ in vitro transcriptomics experiments in toxicological testing, for example to determine a point-of-departure (PoD) for chemical safety assessment. However current practices to derive PoD tend to utilise a single exposure time despite the importance of exposure time on the manifestation of toxicity caused by a chemical. Therefore it is important to investigate both concentration and exposure time to determine how these factors affect biological responses, and as a consequence, the derivation of PoDs. In this study, metabolically competent HepaRG cells were exposed to five known toxicants over a range of concentrations and time points for subsequent gene expression analysis, using a targeted RNA expression assay (TempO-Seq). A non-parametric factor-modelling approach was used to model the collective response of all significant genes, which exploited the interdependence of differentially expressed gene responses. This in turn allowed the determination of an isobenchmark response (isoBMR) curve for each chemical in a reproducible manner. For 2 of the 5 chemicals tested, the PoD was observed to vary by 0.5-1 log-order within the 48-h timeframe of the experiment. The approach and findings presented here clearly demonstrate the need to take both concentration and exposure time into account when designing in vitro toxicogenomics experiments to determine PoD. Doing so also provides a means to use concentration-time-response modelling as a basis to extrapolate a PoD from shorter to longer exposure durations, and to identify chemicals of concern that can cause cumulative effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Liska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Petitjean K, Verres Y, Bristeau S, Ribault C, Aninat C, Olivier C, Leroyer P, Ropert M, Loréal O, Herault O, Amalric L, Baran N, Fromenty B, Corlu A, Loyer P. Low concentrations of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides maneb and mancozeb impair manganese and zinc homeostasis to induce oxidative stress and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140535. [PMID: 37923018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide and intensive use of phytosanitary compounds results in environmental and food contamination by chemical residues. Human exposure to multiple pesticide residues is a major health issue. Considering that the liver is not only the main organ for metabolizing pesticides but also a major target of toxicities induced by xenobiotics, we studied the effects of a mixture of 7 pesticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, dimethoate, diazinon, iprodione, imazalil, maneb, mancozeb) often detected in food samples. Effects of the mixture was investigated using metabolically competent HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes in primary culture. We report the strong cytotoxicity of the pesticide mixture towards hepatocytes-like HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes upon acute and chronic exposures at low concentrations extrapolated from the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of each compound. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated that the manganese (Mn)-containing dithiocarbamates (DTCs) maneb and mancozeb were solely responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by the mixture. The mechanism of cell death involved the induction of oxidative stress, which led to cell death by intrinsic apoptosis involving caspases 3 and 9. Importantly, this cytotoxic effect was found only in cells metabolizing these pesticides. Herein, we unveil a novel mechanism of toxicity of the Mn-containing DTCs maneb and mancozeb through their metabolization in hepatocytes generating the main metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU) and the release of Mn leading to intracellular Mn overload and depletion in zinc (Zn). Alteration of the Mn and Zn homeostasis provokes the oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis, which can be prevented by Zn supplementation. Our data demonstrate the hepatotoxicity of Mn-containing fungicides at very low doses and unveil their adverse effect in disrupting Mn and Zn homeostasis and triggering oxidative stress in human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Petitjean
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Verres
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Catherine Ribault
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Aninat
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Olivier
- Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1232 CRCINA, 44000 Nantes-Angers, France; Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Leroyer
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; AEM2 Platform, CHU Pontchaillou, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Herault
- Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France; Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France; CNRS ERL 7001 LNOx, EA 7501, Tours University, 37000 Tours, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Tours, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicole Baran
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France.
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Vlach M, Coppens-Exandier H, Jamin A, Berchel M, Scaviner J, Chesné C, Montier T, Jaffrès PA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer in Differentiated HepaRG™ Cells: Expression of Liver Specific Functions and Application to the Cytochrome P450 2D6 Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233904. [PMID: 36497165 PMCID: PMC9737581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish a procedure for gene delivery mediated by cationic liposomes in quiescent differentiated HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. We first identified several cationic lipids promoting efficient gene transfer with low toxicity in actively dividing HepG2, HuH7, BC2 and progenitor HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. The lipophosphoramidate Syn1-based nanovector, which allowed the highest transfection efficiencies of progenitor HepaRG™ cells, was next used to transfect differentiated HepaRG™ cells. Lipofection of these cells using Syn1-based liposome was poorly efficient most likely because the differentiated HepaRG™ cells are highly quiescent. Thus, we engineered the differentiated HepaRG™ Mitogenic medium supplement (ADD1001) that triggered robust proliferation of differentiated cells. Importantly, we characterized the phenotypical changes occurring during proliferation of differentiated HepaRG™ cells and demonstrated that mitogenic stimulation induced a partial and transient decrease in the expression levels of some liver specific functions followed by a fast recovery of the full differentiation status upon removal of the mitogens. Taking advantage of the proliferation of HepaRG™ cells, we defined lipofection conditions using Syn1-based liposomes allowing transient expression of the cytochrome P450 2D6, a phase I enzyme poorly expressed in HepaRG cells, which opens new means for drug metabolism studies in HepaRG™ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut AGRO Rennes-Angers, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Coppens-Exandier
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Agnès Jamin
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Scaviner
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | | | - Tristan Montier
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
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Jacobs MN, Kubickova B, Boshoff E. Candidate Proficiency Test Chemicals to Address Industrial Chemical Applicability Domains for in vitro Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:880818. [PMID: 35795225 PMCID: PMC9252529 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.880818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a key role in the metabolism of both xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals, and the activity of some CYP isoforms are susceptible to induction and/or inhibition by certain chemicals. As CYP induction/inhibition can bring about significant alterations in the level of in vivo exposure to CYP substrates and metabolites, CYP induction/inhibition data is needed for regulatory chemical toxicity hazard assessment. On the basis of available human in vivo pharmaceutical data, a draft Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline (TG) for an in vitro CYP HepaRG test method that is capable of detecting the induction of four human CYPs (CYP1A1/1A2, 2B6, and 3A4), has been developed and validated for a set of pharmaceutical proficiency chemicals. However to support TG adoption, further validation data was requested to demonstrate the ability of the test method to also accurately detect CYP induction mediated by industrial and pesticidal chemicals, together with an indication on regulatory uses of the test method. As part of "GOLIATH", a European Union Horizon-2020 funded research project on metabolic disrupting chemical testing approaches, work is underway to generate supplemental validated data for an additional set of chemicals with sufficient diversity to allow for the approval of the guideline. Here we report on the process of proficiency chemical selection based on a targeted literature review, the selection criteria and considerations required for acceptance of proficiency chemical selection for OECD TG development (i.e. structural diversity, range of activity, relevant chemical sectors, global restrictions etc). The following 13 proposed proficiency chemicals were reviewed and selected as a suitable set for use in the additional validation experiments: tebuconazole, benfuracarb, atrazine, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, perfluorooctanoic acid, bisphenol A, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzo-[a]-pyrene, fludioxonil, malathion, triclosan, and caffeine. Illustrations of applications of the test method in relation to endocrine disruption and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Naomi Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kubickova
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Boshoff
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Department of Toxicology, Public Health England (PHE), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, United Kingdom
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Brossard C, Vlach M, Jacquet L, Vène E, Dorcet V, Loyer P, Cammas-Marion S, Lepareur N. Hepatotropic Peptides Grafted onto Maleimide-Decorated Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Uptake by Human HepaRG Hepatoma Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2447. [PMID: 35746020 PMCID: PMC9229302 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated the strong tropism of George Baker (GB) Virus A (GBVA10-9) and Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CPB) derived synthetic peptides towards hepatoma cells. In a first approach, these peptides were covalently bound to poly(benzyl malate) (PMLABe73) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-PMLABe73 (PEG62-b-PMLABe73) (co)polymers, and corresponding peptide-decorated nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation. We showed that peptide enhanced NPs internalization by hepatoma cells. In the present work, we set up a second strategy to functionalize NPs prepared from PMLABe73 derivates. First, maleimide-functionalized PMLABe73 (Mal-PMLABe73) and PEG62-b-PMLABe73 (Mal-PEG62-b-PMLABe73) were synthesized and corresponding NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Then, peptides (GBVA10-9, CPB and their scramble controls GBVA10-9scr and CPBscr) with a thiol group were engrafted onto the NPs' maleimide groups using the Michael addition to obtain peptide functionalized NPs by post-formulation procedure. These peptide-modified NPs varied in diameter and dispersity depending on the considered peptides and/or (co)polymers but kept their spherical shape. The peptide-functionalized NPs were more efficiently internalized by HepaRG hepatoma cells than native and maleimide-NPs with various levels relying on the peptide's nature and the presence of PEG. We also observed important differences in internalization of NPs functionalized by the maleimide-thiol-peptide reaction compared to that of NPs prepared from peptide-functionalized PMLABe73 derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Brossard
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT, UMS2001, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.B.); (L.J.); (V.D.)
| | - Manuel Vlach
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (E.V.)
- Institut Agro, INRAE, PEGASE, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lucas Jacquet
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT, UMS2001, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.B.); (L.J.); (V.D.)
| | - Elise Vène
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (E.V.)
- Pôle Pharmacie, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacie, CHU Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT, UMS2001, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.B.); (L.J.); (V.D.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT, UMS2001, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.B.); (L.J.); (V.D.)
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (E.V.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, 35000 Rennes, France
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Meirinho S, Rodrigues M, Fortuna A, Falcão A, Alves G. Study of the metabolic stability profiles of perampanel, rufinamide and stiripentol and prediction of drug interactions using HepaRG cells as an in vitro human model. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105389. [PMID: 35597399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New-generation antiepileptic drugs as perampanel, rufinamide and stiripentol emerged as alternatives in chronic epilepsy polytherapy. Hence, their metabolic stability and potential involvement in relevant drug-drug interactions (DDI) are of great clinical interest, being HepaRG cells herein used as an in vitro human model. To characterize their metabolic stability profiles, HepaRG cells were incubated with perampanel (1 μM), rufinamide (100 μM) or stiripentol (5 μM) for 12-h. HepaRG cells, pretreated with known CYP450 isoenzymes inducers (rifampicin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, omeprazole and carbamazepine), were also incubated with perampanel, rufinamide or stiripentol to assess possible DDI mediated by CYP induction. Results suggest a considerable decrease in perampanel and stiripentol concentrations over 12-h; contrary, rufinamide concentrations did not variated. Cells pretreatment with all inducers significantly decreased stiripentol concentrations (between 20.3% and 31.9%), suggesting a considerable potential for DDI. Rufinamide concentrations only decreased when preincubated with rifampicin and with the highest tested concentrations of the remaining inducers. Perampanel levels decreased with rifampicin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital, supporting the involvement of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. Besides relevant information concerning the metabolic stability profile and potential DDIs of the new antiepileptics here studied, it was also reinforced the HepaRG cells suitability as a reliable in vitro model to foresee in vivo metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meirinho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-UDI-IPG - Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências e da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências e da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168591. [PMID: 34444340 PMCID: PMC8392283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ) and zoxamide (ZOX) are fungicides commonly used in pest control programs to protect vineyards. Their toxic and genotoxic potential were investigated in vitro on HepG2 and A549 cell lines at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), comet assay and a micronucleus test with CREST immunofluorescence were used. The expression of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis/necrosis (BAX/BCL2), oxidative stress (NRF2), drug metabolism (CYP1A1) and DNA repair (ERCC1/OGG1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Both fungicides were cytotoxic at the highest tested concentrations (295.7 and 463.4 µM, respectively); MZ induced necrosis, ZOX did not increase apoptosis but modulated BAX and BCL2 expression, suggesting a different mechanism. Both compounds did not increase ROS, but the induction of CYP1A1 and NRF2 expression supported a pro-oxidant mechanism. The comet assay evidenced MZ genotoxicity, whereas no DNA damage due to ZOX treatment was observed. Positive micronuclei were increased in both cell lines treated with MZ and ZOX, supporting their aneugenic potential. ERCC1 and OGG1 were differently modulated, indicating the efficient activation of the nucleotide excision repair system by both fungicides and the inhibition of the base excision repair system by MZ. Overall, MZ confirmed its toxicity and new ZOX-relevant effects were highlighted.
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Müller M, Gerndt S, Chao YK, Zisis T, Nguyen ONP, Gerwien A, Urban N, Müller C, Gegenfurtner FA, Geisslinger F, Ortler C, Chen CC, Zahler S, Biel M, Schaefer M, Grimm C, Bracher F, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Gene editing and synthetically accessible inhibitors reveal role for TPC2 in HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1119-1131.e27. [PMID: 33626324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2), one of the few cation channels localized on endolysosomal membranes, in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we report that TPC2 knockout reduces proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, affects their energy metabolism, and successfully abrogates tumor growth in vivo. Concurrently, we have developed simplified analogs of the alkaloid tetrandrine as potent TPC2 inhibitors by screening a library of synthesized benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Removal of dispensable substructures of the lead molecule tetrandrine increases antiproliferative properties against cancer cells and impairs proangiogenic signaling of endothelial cells to a greater extent than tetrandrine. Simultaneously, toxic effects on non-cancerous cells are reduced, allowing in vivo administration and revealing a TPC2 inhibitor with antitumor efficacy in mice. Hence, our study unveils TPC2 as valid target for cancer therapy and provides easily accessible tetrandrine analogs as a promising option for effective pharmacological interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerndt
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Themistoklis Zisis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ong Nam Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aaron Gerwien
- Department of Chemistry and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian A Gegenfurtner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Geisslinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Ortler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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10
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Sonoi R, Yamakawa T, Nakatani N, Kokubo M, Hagihara Y. Noninvasive Evaluation of HepaRG Aggregates during Drug‐Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sonoi
- Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1‐8‐31 Midorigaoka Ikeda Osaka 563‐8577 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamakawa
- R&D Department 1 Screen Holdings Co., Ltd. 322 Furukawa‐cho, Hazukashi Fushimi‐ku Kyoto 612‐8486 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakatani
- R&D Department 1 Screen Holdings Co., Ltd. 322 Furukawa‐cho, Hazukashi Fushimi‐ku Kyoto 612‐8486 Japan
| | - Masahiko Kokubo
- R&D Department 1 Screen Holdings Co., Ltd. 322 Furukawa‐cho, Hazukashi Fushimi‐ku Kyoto 612‐8486 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1‐8‐31 Midorigaoka Ikeda Osaka 563‐8577 Japan
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11
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Synthesis of Poly(Dimethylmalic Acid) Homo- and Copolymers to Produce Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Cell Uptake and Biocompatibility Evaluation in Human Heparg Hepatoma Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081705. [PMID: 32751402 PMCID: PMC7464256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic and amphiphilic derivatives of the biocompatible and biodegradable poly(dimethylmalic acid) (PdiMeMLA), varying by the nature of the lateral chains and the length of each block, respectively, have been synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization (aROP) of the corresponding monomers using an initiator/base system, which allowed for very good control over the (co)polymers' characteristics (molar masses, dispersity, nature of end-chains). Hydrophobic and core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were then prepared by nanoprecipitation of hydrophobic homopolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers, respectively. Negatively charged NPs, showing hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) between 50 and 130 nm and narrow size distributions (0.08 < PDI < 0.22) depending on the (co)polymers nature, were obtained and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zetametry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the obtained NPs were evaluated in vitro using the hepatoma HepaRG cell line. Our results showed that both cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were influenced by the nature of the (co)polymer constituting the NPs.
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12
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Moins S, Loyer P, Odent J, Coulembier O. Preparation of a mimetic and degradable poly(ethylene glycol) by a non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts (NEMO) via a one-pot two-step process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40013-40016. [PMID: 35541396 PMCID: PMC9076182 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented. The full process addresses the requirements imposed by green chemistry and involves the use of a single and nontoxic non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts. The strategy relies on the polycondensation of PEG800 after its functionalization by bio-derived 5-membered γ-butyrolactone. A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Moins
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - P. Loyer
- Inserm
- INRA
- Univ Rennes
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - J. Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - O. Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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