1
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Şen M, Oğuz M, Avcı İ. Non-toxic flexible screen-printed MWCNT-based electrodes for non-invasive biomedical applications. Talanta 2024; 268:125341. [PMID: 37931570 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, a non-toxic, flexible, low-cost, and disposable multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based screen-printed electrode (SPE) was developed for non-invasive health monitoring applications. A novel MWCNT-based conductive paste formulation was prepared and optimized for printing SPEs using a computer numerical control (CNC)-made stencil. The electrodes were electrochemically characterized and subjected to physical stress to investigate their mechanical durability in extreme situations such as heavy exercise. The reproducibility of the fabrication approach and the stability of the electrodes were also demonstrated. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was tested with first dopamine (DA) and then glucose. The SPE displayed a linear response in the DA concentration range of 5-500 μM with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 0.87 μM. Detection of glucose was carried out based on electrochemical-enzymatic redox cycling in artificial sweat; wherein the flexible SPE-based biosensor exhibited a linear response, particularly up to 1 mM with an LOD of 31.7 μM. It is likely that the high sensitivity was achieved due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of MWCNTs and micro/nanoporous network morphology of the electrode surface which was observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity tests confirmed that the flexible MWCNT-SPEs are non-toxic and therefore safe for non-invasive health monitoring. As a result, the electrodes displayed excellent electrochemical behavior and are expected to contribute to wearable sensor technology due to features such as high stability, sensitivity, flexibility, and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Merve Oğuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İpek Avcı
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Sun W, Liu J, Zha X, Sun G, Wang Y. Triple microenvironment modulation of zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanocages for boosting dopamine electrocatalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:1-12. [PMID: 37832230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple microenvironmental modulation of zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) is expected to solve the long-term intractable problem of low sensitivity in electrochemical sensing. Herein, the metal phthalocyanines with different central ions (PcM, M = Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) were introduced into ZIF-8 by in-situ synthesis method. Then, the hollow composite nanomaterials, HZIF-8/PcFe and HZIF-8@PcFe (HZIF-8, i.e., hollow ZIF-8) with different TA (tannic acid) coating thicknesses (∼11 nm and ∼33 nm) were successfully fabricated by carefully designed polyphenol-mediated modulation (PMM) strategy. Next, the HZIF-8@PcFe electrochemical sensor was constructed for selective and sensitive analysis by selecting dopamine (DA) as the analyte. The TA coating (superhydrophilic state), PcFe (redox properties) and hollow MOF cavity (faster mass transfer) was used as the triple microenvironment modulation of ZIF-8 to enhance the electrocatalytic performance. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 8.0), the linear correlations of 0.3 to 200 μmol/L was obtained for the peak current response, with a detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L (S/N = 3, i.e., Signal/Noise = 3). Meanwhile, the HZIF-8@PcFe electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent interference selectivity, reproducibility and stability, which enabled it to detect low abundance DA in real samples. And the F-test (homogeneity test of variance) and t-test (student's t test) statistical analyses were employed to enhance the accuracy of the actual samples' detection. This work will enlighten researchers working in the field of porous framework composites and open up new paths for the development of hollow MOFs hybrid materials in electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Guorong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
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3
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Wang ZY, Tsai ZY, Chang HW, Tsai YC. Enhancing Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Dopamine Sensing Based on Bimetallic Nickel/Cobalt Phosphide Nanosheets. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38258224 PMCID: PMC10820133 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the successful synthesis of bimetallic nickel/cobalt phosphide nanosheets (Ni-Co-P NSs) via the hydrothermal method and the subsequent high-temperature phosphorization process were both confirmed. Ni-Co-P NSs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing. The surface morphologies and physicochemical properties of Ni-Co-P NSs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning (FESEM), field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The metallic nature of phosphide and the synergistic effect of Ni/Co atoms in Ni-Co-P NSs provided abundant catalytic active sites for the electrochemical redox reaction of DA, which exhibited a remarkable consequence with a wide linear range from 0.3~50 μM, a high sensitivity of 2.033 µA µM-1 cm-2, a low limit of detection of 0.016 µM, and anti-interference ability. As a result, the proposed Ni-Co-P NSs can be considered an ideal electrode material for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Zong-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
- Pesticide Analysis Center, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
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4
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Zilinskaite N, Shukla RP, Baradoke A. Use of 3D Printing Techniques to Fabricate Implantable Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:315-336. [PMID: 37868357 PMCID: PMC10588936 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing techniques to fabricate implantable microelectrodes for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare systems' burden. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of these diseases, and implantable microelectrodes offer a promising tool for their electrochemical detection. Here, we discuss various 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and two-photon polymerization (2PP), highlighting their advantages and limitations in microelectrode fabrication. We also explore the materials used in constructing implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. The principles of electrochemical detection and the types of sensors utilized are examined, with a focus on their applications in detecting biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of 3D-printed implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their potential for improving early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemira Zilinskaite
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rajendra P. Shukla
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
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5
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Sipuka D, Olorundare FOG, Makaluza S, Midzi N, Sebokolodi TI, Arotiba OA, Nkosi D. Dendrimer-Gold Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Dopamine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33403-33411. [PMID: 37744816 PMCID: PMC10515171 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter and biomarker that plays a vital role in our neurological system and body. Thus, it is important to monitor the concentration levels of dopamine in our bodies. We report an aptamer-based sensor fabricated through an electro-co-deposition of a generation 3 poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Through self-assembly, a single-stranded thiolated dopamine aptamer was immobilized on the GC/PPI/AuNPs electrode to prepare an aptasensor. Voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the modified electrodes. The readout for the biorecognition event between the aptamer and various dopamine concentrations was attained from square wave voltammetry and EIS. The aptasensor detected dopamine from the range of 10-200 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.26 and 0.011 nM from SWV and EIS, respectively. The aptasensor was selective toward dopamine when different amounts of epinephrine and ascorbic acid were present. The aptasensor was applicable in a more complex matrix of human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpo
S. Sipuka
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Foluke O. G. Olorundare
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sesethu Makaluza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nyasha Midzi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I. Sebokolodi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Leau SA, Lete C, Matei C, Lupu S. Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Metal Nanoparticles for Epinephrine and Serotonin. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:781. [PMID: 37622867 PMCID: PMC10452149 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A sensing platform based on nanocomposite materials composed of gold metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) and conducting polymer (CP) matrix has been developed for serotonin and epinephrine detection. The CP-AuNPs nanocomposite materials have been synthesized onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) by using novel electrochemical procedures based on sinusoidal currents (SC). The SC procedures ensured good control of the metal nanoparticles distribution, increased electrochemical surface area, and enhanced analytical performance. The proposed sensing platform displayed good analytical performance toward serotonin and epinephrine detection. A wide linear analytical response toward epinephrine in the range from 10 to 640 μM and a low detection limit of 1.4 μM epinephrine has been obtained. The sensing platform has also displayed a linear response toward serotonin in the range from 10 to 320 μM, with a detection limit of 5.7 μM serotonin. The sensing platform has been successfully applied in the analysis of epinephrine and serotonin in real samples of tap water and urine with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Alexandra Leau
- Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Gheorghe, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lete
- Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Matei
- Department of Inorganic, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Gheorghe, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stelian Lupu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Gheorghe, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Carbon Inks-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes for Qualitative Analysis of Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021129. [PMID: 36674641 PMCID: PMC9864027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the great significance of amino acids, a substantial number of research studies has been directed toward the development of effective and reliable platforms for their evaluation, detection, and identification. In order to support these studies, a new electrochemical platform based on PANI/ZnO nanowires' modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes was developed for qualitative analysis of electroactive amino acids, with emphasis on tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp). A comparative investigation of the carbon ink before and after modification with the PANI/ZnO was performed by scanning electron microscopy and by Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of PANI and ZnO nanowires. Electrochemical investigations by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have shown a higher charge-transfer rate constant, which is reflected into lower charge-transfer resistance and higher capacitance values for the PANI/ZnO modified ink when compared to the simple carbon screen-printed electrode. In order to demonstrate the electrochemical performances of the PANI/ZnO nanowires' modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes for amino acids analysis, differential pulse voltammograms were obtained in individual and mixed solutions of electroactive amino acids. It has been shown that the PANI/ZnO nanowires' modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes allowed for tyrosine and tryptophan a peak separation of more than 100 mV, enabling their screening and identification in mixed solutions, which is essential for the electrochemical analysis of proteins within the proteomics research field.
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8
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Luo Q, Su Y, Zhang H. Sensitive dopamine sensor based on electrodeposited gold nanoparticles and electro-modulated MoS2 nanoflakes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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MnFe2O4/MoS2 nanocomposite as Oxidase-like for electrochemical simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Electronic properties and chemical reactivity of biogenic amine neurotransmitters in gas and solution phase: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Carvalho da Silva VN, Farias EADO, Araújo AR, Xavier Magalhães FE, Neves Fernandes JR, Teles Souza JM, Eiras C, Alves da Silva D, Hugo do Vale Bastos V, Teixeira SS. Rapid and selective detection of dopamine in human serum using an electrochemical sensor based on zinc oxide nanoparticles, nickel phthalocyanines, and carbon nanotubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114211. [PMID: 35468419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials have gained significant attention owing to the synergistic effects of their constituent materials, thereby facilitating their utilization in new applications or in improving the existing ones. In this study, a composite based on nickel phthalocyanine (NiTsPc), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) was developed and subsequently immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE). The PGE/NiTsPc-ZnONPs-CNT was identified as a selective catalytic hybrid system for detection of neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). The electrochemical and morphological characterizations were conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to detect DA and detection limits of 24 nM and 7.0 nM was found, respectively. In addition, the effects of some possible DA interferents, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and serotonin, on DA response were evaluated. Their presence did not show significant variations in the DA electrochemical response. The high specificity and sensitivity of PGE/NiTsPc-ZnONPs-CNT for DA enabled its direct detection in human serum without sample pretreatment as well as in DA-enriched serum samples, whose recovery levels were close to 100%, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. In general, PGE/NiTsPc-ZnONPs-CNT is a promising candidate for future applications in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valécia Natália Carvalho da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroinovação Tecnológica & Mapeamento Cerebral - NITLAB, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel Airton de O Farias
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Alyne R Araújo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Francisco Elezier Xavier Magalhães
- Laboratório de Neuroinovação Tecnológica & Mapeamento Cerebral - NITLAB, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Jacks Renan Neves Fernandes
- Laboratório de Neuroinovação Tecnológica & Mapeamento Cerebral - NITLAB, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Maria Teles Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Carla Eiras
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Novos Materiais e Sistemas Sensores - MATSENS, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo do Vale Bastos
- Laboratório de Mapeamento e Funcionalidade Cerebral - LAMCEF, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Silmar Silva Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroinovação Tecnológica & Mapeamento Cerebral - NITLAB, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
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12
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Teleanu RI, Niculescu AG, Roza E, Vladâcenco O, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu DM. Neurotransmitters-Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5954. [PMID: 35682631 PMCID: PMC9180936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of such chemicals have been discovered in the last century, continuing to be identified and studied concerning their action on brain health. These substances have been observed to influence numerous functions, including emotions, thoughts, memories, learning, and movements. Thus, disturbances in neurotransmitters' homeostasis started being correlated with a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In this respect, the present paper aims to describe the most important neurotransmitters, broadly classified into canonical (e.g., amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine, purines, soluble gases, neuropeptides) and noncanonical neurotransmitters (e.g., exosomes, steroids, D-aspartic acid), and explain their link with some of the most relevant neurological conditions. Moreover, a brief overview of the recently developed neurotransmitters' detection methods is offered, followed by several considerations on the modulation of these substances towards restoring homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Roza
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Vladâcenco
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.T.); (E.R.); (O.V.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Zeynaloo E, Zahran EM, Yang YP, Dikici E, Head T, Bachas LG, Daunert S. Reagentless electrochemical biosensors through incorporation of unnatural amino acids on the protein structure. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 200:113861. [PMID: 34986438 PMCID: PMC9404255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Typical protein biosensors employ chemical or genetic labeling of the protein, thus introducing an extraneous molecule to the wild-type parent protein, often changing the overall structure and properties of the protein. While these labeling methods have proven successful in many cases, they also have a series of disadvantages associated with their preparation and function. An alternative route for labeling proteins is the incorporation of unnatural amino acid (UAA) analogues, capable of acting as a label, into the structure of a protein. Such an approach, while changing the local microenvironment, poses less of a burden on the overall structure of the protein. L-DOPA is an analog of phenylalanine and contains a catechol moiety that participates in a quasi-reversible, two-electron redox process, thus making it suitable as an electrochemical label/reporter. The periplasmic glucose/galactose binding protein (GBP) was chosen to demonstrate this detection principle. Upon glucose binding, GBP undergoes a significant conformational change that is manifested as a change in the electrochemistry of L-DOPA. The electroactive GBP was immobilized onto gold nanoparticle-modified, polymerized caffeic acid, screen-printed carbon electrodes (GBP-LDOPA/AuNP/PCA/SPCE) for the purpose of direct measurement of glucose levels and serves as a proof-of-concept of the use of electrochemically-active unnatural amino acids as the label. The resulting reagentless GBP biosensors exhibited a highly selective and sensitive binding affinity for glucose in the micromolar range, laying the foundation for a new biosensing methodology based on global incorporation of an electroactive amino acid into the protein's primary sequence for highly selective electrochemical detection of compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zeynaloo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33134, United States
| | - Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Trajen Head
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Leonidas G Bachas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33134, United States; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
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14
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Iwata T, Okumura Y, Okumura K, Horio T, Doi H, Takahashi K, Sawada K. Redox Sensor Array with 23.5-μm Resolution for Real-Time Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutamate Based on Charge-Transfer-Type Potentiometric Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7682. [PMID: 34833757 PMCID: PMC8618362 DOI: 10.3390/s21227682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Towards clarifying the spatio-temporal neurotransmitter distribution, potentiometric redox sensor arrays with 23.5-µm resolution were fabricated. The sensor array based on a charge-transfer-type potentiometric sensor comprises 128×128 pixels with gold electrodes deposited on the surface of pixels. The sensor output corresponding to the interfacial potential of the electrode changed logarithmically with the mixture ratio of K3Fe(CN)6 and K4Fe(CN)6, where the redox sensitivity reached 49.9 mV/dec. By employing hydrogen peroxidase as an enzyme and ferrocene as an electron mediator, the sensing characteristics for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated. The analyses of the sensing characteristics revealed that the sensitivity was about 44.7 mV/dec., comparable to the redox sensitivity, while the limit of detection (LOD) was achieved to be 1 µM. Furthermore, the oxidation state of the electron mediator can be the key to further lowering the LOD. Then, by immobilizing oxidizing enzyme for H2O2 and glutamate oxidase, glutamate (Glu) measurements were conducted. As a result, similar sensitivity and LOD to those of H2O2 were obtained. Finally, the real-time distribution of 1 µM Glu was visualized, demonstrating the feasibility of our device as a high-resolution bioimaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Iwata
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 9390398, Japan
| | - Yuki Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoko Horio
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Doi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
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15
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Mahalakshmi S, Sridevi V. In Situ Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles on Polyaniline-Modified Electrode Surface for the Detection of Dopamine in Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Tian Y, Zhao J, Han D, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Cui G. Study of a novel fabrication method of 3D Ag-based nanoporous structures for electrochemical detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Comparative Studies of CPEs Modified with Distinctive Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Electroactive Polyimide for the Detection of UA. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020252. [PMID: 33451036 PMCID: PMC7828535 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this present work, an electrochemical sensor was developed for the sensing of uric acid (UA). The sensor was based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with electroactive polyimide (EPI) synthesized using aniline tetramer (ACAT) decorated with reduced nanoparticles (NPs) of Au, Pt, and Ag. The initial step involved the preparation and characterization of ACAT. Subsequently, the ACAT-based EPI synthesis was performed by chemical imidization of its precursors 4,4′-(4.4′-isopropylidene-diphenoxy) bis (phthalic anhydride) BPADA and ACAT. Then, EPI was doped with distinctive particles of Ag, Pt and Au, and the doped EPIs were abbreviated as EPIS, EPIP and EPIG, respectively. Their structures were characterized by XRD, XPS, and TEM, and the electrochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Among these evaluated sensors, EPI with Au NPs turned out the best with a sensitivity of 1.53 uA uM−1 UA, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.78 uM, and a linear detection range (LDR) of 5–50 uM UA at a low potential value of 310 mV. Additionally, differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) analysis showed that the EPIG sensor showed the best selectivity for a tertiary mixture of UA, dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) as compared to EPIP and EPIS.
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18
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Development of novel paper-based electrochemical device modified with CdSe/CdS magic-sized quantum dots and application for the sensing of dopamine. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Zhang M, Wanfeng W, Chen F, Zhang W, Halder A. Amino Acid Assisted One‐Pot Green Synthesis of N‐Doped 3D Graphene for Ultrasensitive Neurochemical Sensing. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Wu Wanfeng
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
| | - Fei Chen
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology Xinjiang University 830046 Shengli Road Urumqi China
| | - Arnab Halder
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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20
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Bohari NA, Siddiquee S, Saallah S, Misson M, Arshad SE. Optimization and Analytical Behavior of Electrochemical Sensors Based on the Modification of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Using PANI/MWCNTs/AuNPs for Mercury Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6502. [PMID: 33202533 PMCID: PMC7697812 DOI: 10.3390/s20226502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as a transparent working electrode for the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of mercury (II) ions (Hg2+). The electrode was modified by direct electrodeposition of polyaniline (PANI), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) followed by optimization of the analyte and operating conditions, aiming to improve the selectivity, sensitivity and reliability of the electrode for mercury detection. Successful immobilization of the PANI and nanomaterials (MWCNTs and AuNPs) on the ITO electrode was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The optimum conditions for mercury detection using the modified ITO electrode were pH 7.0 of Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM) in the presence of 1 mM methylene blue (MB) as a redox indicator, a scan rate of 0.10 V·s-1 and a 70 s interaction time. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode under the optimized conditions indicated a high reproducibility and high sensitivity of mercury detection. It is therefore suggested that the PANI/MWCNT/AuNP-modified ITO electrode could be a promising material for the development of on-site mercury detection tools for applications in fields such as diagnostics, the environment, safety and security controls or other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Aini Bohari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (N.A.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (N.A.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Suryani Saallah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (N.A.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mailin Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (N.A.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sazmal Effendi Arshad
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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21
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Subak H, Selvolini G, Macchiagodena M, Ozkan-Ariksoysal D, Pagliai M, Procacci P, Marrazza G. Mycotoxins aptasensing: From molecular docking to electrochemical detection of deoxynivalenol. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107691. [PMID: 33232846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a voltammetric aptasensor to detect deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin. The development steps of the aptasensor were partnered for the first time to a computational study to gain insights onto the molecular mechanisms involved into the interaction between a thiol-tethered DNA aptamer (80mer-SH) and DON. The exploited docking study allowed to find the binding region of the oligonucleotide sequence and to determine DON preferred orientation. A biotinylated oligonucleotide sequence (20mer-BIO) complementary to the aptamer was chosen to carry out a competitive format. Graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) were electrochemically modified with polyaniline and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@PANI) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and worked as a scaffold for the immobilization of the DNA aptamer. Solutions containing increasing concentrations of DON and a fixed amount of 20mer-BIO were dropped onto the aptasensor surface: the resulting hybrids were labeled with an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugate to hydrolyze 1-naphthyl phosphate (1-NPP) substrate into 1-naphthol product, detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). According to its competitive format, the aptasensor response was signal-off in the range 5.0-30.0 ng·mL-1 DON. A detection limit of 3.2 ng·mL-1 was achieved within a 1-hour detection time. Preliminary experiments on maize flour samples spiked with DON yielded good recovery values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasret Subak
- Yuzuncu Yil University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 65010 Van, Turkey; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marina Macchiagodena
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Dilsat Ozkan-Ariksoysal
- Ege University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Marco Pagliai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Piero Procacci
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Cagnani GR, Ibáñez-Redín G, Tirich B, Gonçalves D, Balogh DT, Oliveira ON. Fully-printed electrochemical sensors made with flexible screen-printed electrodes modified by roll-to-roll slot-die coating. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112428. [PMID: 32729544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture of sensors using large-scale production techniques, such as roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, may fulfill requirements of low-cost disposable devices. Herein, we report the fabrication of fully-printed electrochemical sensors using screen-printed carbon electrodes coated with carbon black inks through slot-die coating within an R2R process. As a proof of concept, sensors were produced to detect the neurotransmitter dopamine with high reproducibility and low limit of detection (0.09 μmol L-1). Furthermore, fully-printed biosensors made with a tyrosinase-containing ink were used to detect catechol in natural water samples. Since slot-die deposition enables printing enzymes without significant activity loss, the biosensors exhibited high stability over a period of several weeks. Even more important, R2R slot-die coating may be extended to any type of sensors and biosensors with the possibility of large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rosso Cagnani
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gisela Ibáñez-Redín
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Tirich
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonçalves
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora T Balogh
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Development of dopamine biosensor based on polyaniline/carbon quantum dots composite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Potentiostat Detection System Using PEDOT: PSS/Chitosan/Graphene Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Dopamine Detection. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102781. [PMID: 32422926 PMCID: PMC7285078 DOI: 10.3390/s20102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a smartphone-based electrochemical detection system was designed and developed for rapid and real-time detection of dopamine (DA). The system included a screen-printed electrode (SPE) used as a sensor, a hand-held electrochemical potentiostat and a smart phone with a specially designed app. During the detection period, the SPEs modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), chitosan (CS) and graphene (G) were used to convert and amplify the electrochemical reaction signals. The electrochemical potentiostat was used to generate excitation electrical signals and collect the electrical signals converted from the sensor. The smartphone—connected to the detector via Bluetooth-was used to control the detector for tests, further process the uploaded data, and plot graphs in real time. Experimental results showed that the self-designed sensing system could be employed for highly selective detection of DA in the presence of interfering substances such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). CV was carried out to characterize the electrochemical properties of the modified SPEs and the electrochemical behaviors of DA on the modified SPEs. Finally, according to the analysis of DPV responses of DA, the system could detect DA with a detection sensitivity of 0.52 ± 0.01 μA/μM and a limit of detection of 0.29 μM in the linear range of DA concentrations from 0.05 to 70 μM.
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25
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Amor-Gutiérrez O, Selvolini G, Fernández-Abedul MT, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Marrazza G. Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2349. [PMID: 32326088 PMCID: PMC7219239 DOI: 10.3390/s20082349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, food allergy is a very important health issue, causing adverse reactions of the immune system when exposed to different allergens present in food. Because of this, the development of point-of-use devices using miniaturized, user-friendly, and low-cost instrumentation has become of outstanding importance. According to this, electrochemical aptasensors have been demonstrated as useful tools to quantify a broad variety of targets. In this work, we develop a simple methodology for the determination of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in food samples using a folding-based electrochemical aptasensor built on poly-L-lysine modified graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) and an anti-β-lactoglobulin aptamer tagged with methylene blue (MB). This aptamer changes its conformation when the sample contains β-LG, and due to this, the spacing between MB and the electrode surface (and therefore the electron transfer efficiency) also changes. The response of this biosensor was linear for concentrations of β-LG within the range 0.1-10 ng·mL-1, with a limit of detection of 0.09 ng·mL-1. The biosensor was satisfactorily employed for the determination of spiked β-LG in real food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
- NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
| | - M. Teresa Fernández-Abedul
- BioNanoAnalytical Spectrometry and Electrochemistry Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
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