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Zulkepli N, Yunas J, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Dedi, Sirat MS, Johari MH, Mohd Maidin NN, Mohd Raub AA, Hamzah AA. Synthesis and Characterization of SiO 2-Based Graphene Nanoballs Using Copper-Vapor-Assisted APCVD for Thermoelectric Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:618. [PMID: 38607152 PMCID: PMC11013761 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study describes a method by which to synthesize SiO2-based graphene nanoballs (SGB) using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) with copper vapor assistance. This method should solve the contamination, damage, and high costs associated with silica-based indirect graphene synthesis. The SGB was synthesized using APCVD, which was optimized using the Taguchi method. Multiple synthesis factors were optimized and investigated to find the ideal synthesis condition to grow SGB for thermoelectric (TE) applications. Raman spectra and FESEM-EDX reveal that the graphene formed on the silicon nanoparticles (SNP) is free from copper. The prepared SGB has excellent electrical conductivity (75.0 S/cm), which shows better results than the previous report. Furthermore, the SGB nanofillers in bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanocomposites as TE materials exhibit a significant increment in Seebeck coefficients (S) compared to the pure Bi2Te3 sample from 109 to 170 μV/K at 400 K, as well as electrical resistivity decrement. This approach would offer a simple strategy to improve the TE performance of commercially available TE materials, which is critical for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhaizan Zulkepli
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil 43800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jumril Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad Haniff
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Dedi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia;
| | - Mohamad Shukri Sirat
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Hilmi Johari
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Aini Ayunni Mohd Raub
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 46300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (M.A.S.M.H.); (M.S.S.); (M.H.J.); (N.N.M.M.); (A.A.M.R.)
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2
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Xiao Y, Zhang T, Zhang H. Recent advances in the peptide-based biosensor designs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113559. [PMID: 37738870 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have rapidly emerged as a high-sensitivity and convenient detection method. Among various types of biosensors, optical and electrochemical are the most commonly used. Conventionally, antibodies have been employed to ensure specific interaction between the transmission material and analytes. However, there has been increasing recognition of peptides as a promising recognition element for biosensor development in recent years. The use of peptides as recognition elements provides high level of specificity, sensitivity, and stability for the detection process. The combination of peptide designs and optical or electrochemical detection methods has significantly improved biosensor efficacy. These advancements present opportunities for developing biosensors with diverse functions that can be used to lay a strong scientific foundation for the development of personalized medicine and various other fields. This paper reviews the recent advancements in the development and application of peptide-based optical and electrochemical biosensors, as well as their prospects as a sensor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Houjin Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Chen S, Bashir R. Advances in field-effect biosensors towards point-of-use. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:492002. [PMID: 37625391 PMCID: PMC10523595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The future of medical diagnostics calls for portable biosensors at the point of care, aiming to improve healthcare by reducing costs, improving access, and increasing quality-what is called the 'triple aim'. Developing point-of-care sensors that provide high sensitivity, detect multiple analytes, and provide real time measurements can expand access to medical diagnostics for all. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have several advantages, including ultrahigh sensitivity, label-free and amplification-free detection, reduced cost and complexity, portability, and large-scale multiplexing. They can also be integrated into wearable or implantable devices and provide continuous, real-time monitoring of analytesin vivo, enabling early detection of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and management. This review analyzes advances in the sensitivity, parallelization, and reusability of FET biosensors, benchmarks the limit of detection of the state of the art, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of FET biosensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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Alim AA, Roslan R, Nadzirah S, Saidi LK, Menon PS, Aziah I, Chang Fu D, Sulaiman SA, Abdul Murad NA, Hamzah AA. Geometrical Characterisation of TiO 2-rGO Field-Effect Transistor as a Platform for Biosensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1664. [PMID: 37763827 PMCID: PMC10536288 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) as a biosensor is based on the output drain current (Id). In this work, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was investigated to obtain a high-performance device that produces a higher Id value. Using the finite element method, a novel top-gate FET was developed in a three-dimensional (3D) simulation model with the titanium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-rGO) nanocomposite as the transducer material, which acts as a platform for biosensing application. Using the Taguchi mixed-level method in Minitab software (Version 16.1.1), eighteen 3D models were designed based on an orthogonal array L18 (6134), with five factors, and three and six levels. The parameters considered were the channel length, electrode length, electrode width, electrode thickness and electrode type. The device was fabricated using the conventional photolithography patterning technique and the metal lift-off method. The material was synthesised using the modified sol-gel method and spin-coated on top of the device. According to the results of the ANOVA, the channel length contributed the most, with 63.11%, indicating that it was the most significant factor in producing a higher Id value. The optimum condition for the highest Id value was at a channel length of 3 µm and an electrode size of 3 µm × 20 µm, with a thickness of 50 nm for the Ag electrode. The electrical measurement in both the simulation and experiment under optimal conditions showed a similar trend, and the difference between the curves was calculated to be 28.7%. Raman analyses were performed to validate the quality of TiO2-rGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Amirah Alim
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roharsyafinaz Roslan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sh Nadzirah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Lina Khalida Saidi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), National University of Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Aziah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Dee Chang Fu
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), National University of Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), National University of Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang J, Chen D, Huang W, Yang N, Yuan Q, Yang Y. Aptamer-functionalized field-effect transistor biosensors for disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210027. [PMID: 37933385 PMCID: PMC10624392 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano-biosensors that are composed of recognition molecules and nanomaterials have been extensively utilized in disease diagnosis, health management, and environmental monitoring. As a type of nano-biosensors, molecular specificity field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors with signal amplification capability exhibit prominent advantages including fast response speed, ease of miniaturization, and integration, promising their high sensitivity for molecules detection and identification. With intrinsic characteristics of high stability and structural tunability, aptamer has become one of the most commonly applied biological recognition units in the FET sensing fields. This review summarizes the recent progress of FET biosensors based on aptamer functionalized nanomaterials in medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The structure, sensing principles, preparation methods, and functionalization strategies of aptamer modified FET biosensors were comprehensively summarized. The relationship between structure and sensing performance of FET biosensors was reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives of FET biosensors were also discussed, so as to provide support for the future development of efficient healthcare management and environmental monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute of Molecular MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Duo Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute of Molecular MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wanting Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute of Molecular MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Insititute of Materials ResearchHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium
| | - Quan Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanbing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute of Molecular MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Ghasemi F, Salimi A. Advances in 2d Based Field Effect Transistors as Biosensing Platforms: From Principle to Biomedical Applications. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rizzato S, Monteduro AG, Leo A, Todaro MT, Maruccio G. From ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor to 2D materials field‐effect‐transistor biosensors. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Angelo Leo
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ma Y, Qiang T, Gao M, Liang J, Jiang Y. Quantitative, Temperature-Calibrated and Real-Time Glucose Biosensor Based on Symmetrical-Meandering-Type Resistor and Intertwined Capacitor Structure. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:484. [PMID: 34940241 PMCID: PMC8699495 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we propose a glucose biosensor with the advantages of quantification, excellent linearity, temperature-calibration function, and real-time detection based on a resistor and capacitor, in which the resistor works as a temperature sensor and the capacitor works as a biosensor. The resistor has a symmetrical meandering type structure that increases the contact area, leading to variations in resistance and effective temperature monitoring of a glucose solution. The capacitor is designed with an intertwined structure that fully contacts the glucose solution, so that capacitance is sensitively varied, and high sensitivity monitoring can be realized. Moreover, a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel is applied to achieve a fixed shape, a fixed point, and quantitative measurements, which can eliminate influences caused by fluidity, shape, and thickness of the glucose sample. The glucose solution in a temperature range of 25-100 °C is measured with variations of 0.2716 Ω/°C and a linearity response of 0.9993, ensuring that the capacitor sensor can have reference temperature information before detecting the glucose concentration, achieving the purpose of temperature calibration. The proposed capacitor-based biosensor demonstrates sensitivities of 0.413 nF/mg·dL-1, 0.048 nF/mg·dL-1, and 0.011 pF/mg·dL-1; linearity responses of 0.96039, 0.91547, and 0.97835; and response times less than 1 second, respectively, at DC, 1 kHz, and 1 MHz for a glucose solution with a concentration range of 25-1000 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Qiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.M.); (M.G.); (J.L.); (Y.J.)
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Sadighbayan D, Minhas-Khan A, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:232-245. [PMID: 34648455 PMCID: PMC9088816 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Speedy and on-time detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of high importance to control the pandemic effectively and stop its disastrous consequences. A widely available, reliable, label-free, and rapid test that can recognize tiny amounts of specific biomarkers might be the solution. Nanobiosensors are one of the most attractive candidates for this purpose. Integration of graphene with biosensing devices shifts the performance of these systems to an incomparable level. Between the various arrangements using this wonder material, field-effect transistors (FETs) display a precise detection even in complex samples. The emergence of pioneering biosensors for detecting a wide range of diseases especially COVID-19 created the incentive to prepare a review of the recent graphene-FET biosensing platforms. However, the graphene fabrication and transfer to the surface of the device is an imperative factor for researchers to take into account. Therefore, we also reviewed the common methods of manufacturing graphene for biosensing applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most recent synthesizing techniques - laser-induced graphene (LIG) - is attracting attention owing to its extraordinary benefits which are thoroughly explained in this article. Finally, a conclusion highlighting the current challenges is presented.
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He J, Yang L. Diuretic effect of Lagopsis supina fraction in saline-loaded rats is mediated through inhibition of aquaporin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and up-regulation of atriopeptin. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111554. [PMID: 33845373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lagopsis supina (Steph. ex Willd.) lk. -Gal. ex Knorr. has been used as a diuretic agent in China for centuries with limited scientific evidence. This study investigated the diuretic efficacy and underlying mechanism of a macroporous adsorption resin with 30% ethanol elution fraction from L. supina (LSC) in saline-loaded rats and to identify its phytochemicals by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS). As a result, 18 phenylpropanoids, 14 flavonoids and 15 others were identified in LSC, among which stachysoside A and acteoside could be the main bio-active constituents responsible for the diuretic effect. In parallel, the daily administration of LSC (16, 32 and 64 mg/kg) markedly promoted urinary excretion after 2 h of treatment. Moreover, LSC had no effect on urinary Na+ and K+ concentrations, as well as on serum Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Meanwhile, LSC significantly decreased the serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone (ALD), aquaporin (AQP) 1, AQP2 and AQP3, suppressed renal AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 mRNA expressions, down-regulated AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 protein levels, and up-regulated serum atriopeptin (ANP) level in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that LSC has acute and prolonged diuretic effects by inhibiting the AQPs, RAAS, and upregulation of atriopeptin in saline-loaded rats, and this finding support LSC as a novel diuretic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Selvarajan RS, Gopinath SCB, Zin NM, Hamzah AA. Infection-Mediated Clinical Biomarkers for a COVID-19 Electrical Biosensing Platform. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3829. [PMID: 34205852 PMCID: PMC8198817 DOI: 10.3390/s21113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The race towards the development of user-friendly, portable, fast-detection, and low-cost devices for healthcare systems has become the focus of effective screening efforts since the pandemic attack in December 2019, which is known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently existing techniques such as RT-PCR, antigen-antibody-based detection, and CT scans are prompt solutions for diagnosing infected patients. However, the limitations of currently available indicators have enticed researchers to search for adjunct or additional solutions for COVID-19 diagnosis. Meanwhile, identifying biomarkers or indicators is necessary for understanding the severity of the disease and aids in developing efficient drugs and vaccines. Therefore, clinical studies on infected patients revealed that infection-mediated clinical biomarkers, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, are highly associated with COVID-19. These biomarkers are undermined or overlooked in the context of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of infected patients. Hence, this review discusses the potential implementation of these biomarkers for COVID-19 electrical biosensing platforms. The secretion range for each biomarker is reviewed based on clinical studies. Currently available electrical biosensors comprising electrochemical and electronic biosensors associated with these biomarkers are discussed, and insights into the use of infection-mediated clinical biomarkers as prognostic and adjunct diagnostic indicators in developing an electrical-based COVID-19 biosensor are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sri Selvarajan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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Goldoni R, Farronato M, Connelly ST, Tartaglia GM, Yeo WH. Recent advances in graphene-based nanobiosensors for salivary biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 33096432 PMCID: PMC7666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As biosensing research is rapidly advancing due to significant developments in materials, chemistry, and electronics, researchers strive to build cutting-edge biomedical devices capable of detecting health-monitoring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors using nanomaterials are highly promising because of the wide detection range, fast response time, system miniaturization, and enhanced sensitivity. In the recent development of biosensors and electronics, graphene has rapidly gained popularity due to its superior electrical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. For biomarker detection, human saliva offers easy access with a large variety of analytes, making it a promising candidate for its use in point-of-care (POC) devices. Here, we report a comprehensive review that summarizes the most recent graphene-based nanobiosensors and oral bioelectronics for salivary biomarker detection. We discuss the details of structural designs of graphene electronics, use cases of salivary biomarkers, the performance of existing sensors, and applications in health monitoring. This review also describes current challenges in materials and systems and future directions of the graphene bioelectronics for clinical POC applications. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is to deliver an extensive review of the graphene-enabled biosensors and oral electronics and their successful applications in human salivary biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Thaddeus Connelly
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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