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Makrickas E, Manton M, Angelstam P, Grygoruk M. Trading wood for water and carbon in peatland forests? Rewetting is worth more than wood production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:117952. [PMID: 37196393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While traditional forest management systems aim at maximizing timber production, sustainable forest management focuses on the multiple benefits of entire forest landscapes. The latter is now at the top of policy agendas. This calls for learning through evaluation to support the implementation of policies aiming towards multi-functional forest landscapes. The aim of this study is to quantify the economic trade-offs among natural, current, and re-wetted peatland forests using seven indicators, viz. drainage maintenance, rewetting, water retention, wood production, and three types of carbon sequestration as economic indicators. We discuss ways to adapt to and mitigate effect of forest draining on climate change toward securing multi-functional forest landscapes. The cost benefit analysis showed that in a potential natural state, Lithuania's peatland forests would deliver an economic benefit of ∼€176.1 million annually. In contrast, compared to natural peatland forests, the drainage of peatland forests for wood production has caused a loss of ∼€309 million annually. In comparison, peatland forest rewetting is estimated to increase the economic value by ∼€170 million annually. This study shows that satisfying different ecosystem services is a balancing act, and that a focus on wood production has resulted in net losses when foregone values of water storage and carbon sequestration are considered. Valuation of different sets of ecosystems service benefits and disservices must be assessed, and can be used as a tool towards creating, implementing and monitoring consequences of policies on both sustainability and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Makrickas
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Studentu Str. 11, Akademija, Kauno r., 53361, Lithuania.
| | - Michael Manton
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Studentu Str. 11, Akademija, Kauno r., 53361, Lithuania.
| | - Per Angelstam
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, 2480, Evenstad, Norway; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Faculty of Forest Sciences, School for Forest Management, PO Box 43, 73921, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden.
| | - Mateusz Grygoruk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
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Stoffers T, Buijse AD, Geerling GW, Jans LH, Schoor MM, Poos JJ, Verreth JAJ, Nagelkerke LAJ. Freshwater fish biodiversity restoration in floodplain rivers requires connectivity and habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156509. [PMID: 35667436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With a sixth mass extinction looming and freshwater biodiversity declining at unprecedented rates, evaluating ecological efficacy of river restoration efforts is critical in combatting global biodiversity loss. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functioning for fishes of 46 river restoration projects in the river Rhine, one of the world's most heavily engineered lowland rivers. Floodplains with permanent, either one- or two-sided lateral connectivity to the main channel, favour total fish abundance, and are essential as nursery areas for riverine fishes. Habitat heterogeneity had a strong positive effect on species richness but was negatively related with fish abundances. However, the effects of environmental variables varied between ecological groups and spatial scales. Surprisingly, richness of critical rheophilic fishes declined with large-scale habitat heterogeneity (~1000 m), while it increased at small scales (~100 m), possibly because of the presence of unfavourable habitats for this ecological group at larger scales. Clearly, there is no one-size-fits-all design for river restoration projects. Whether a river section is free-flowing or impounded dictates the scope and efficacy of restoration projects and, within a river section, multiple complementary restoration projects might be key to mitigate freshwater fish biodiversity loss. An essential element for success is that these projects should retain permanent lateral connection to the main channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stoffers
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A D Buijse
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - G W Geerling
- Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - L H Jans
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - M M Schoor
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - J J Poos
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, the Netherlands.
| | - J A J Verreth
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L A J Nagelkerke
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Stachowicz M, Manton M, Abramchuk M, Banaszuk P, Jarašius L, Kamocki A, Povilaitis A, Samerkhanova A, Schäfer A, Sendžikaitė J, Wichtmann W, Zableckis N, Grygoruk M. To store or to drain - To lose or to gain? Rewetting drained peatlands as a measure for increasing water storage in the transboundary Neman River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154560. [PMID: 35302023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture continues to place unwanted pressure on peatland functionality, despite international recognition calling for their conservation and restoration. Rewetting of peatlands is often the first step of restoration that aims towards improving the delivery of ecosystem services and their benefits for human well-being. Ongoing debates on peatland restoration in agricultural landscapes raise several issues based on the valuation of benefits achieved versus the costs of peatland restoration. Using the transborder Neman River Basin in North-Eastern Europe, this study aimed to quantify and evaluate the gains provided by peatland rewetting. To achieve this, this study estimated i) possible changes in water storage capacity from peatland restoration, ii) the value of expected benefits from restoration and iii) costs of restoration measures at the overarching basin level. Applying multiple assumptions, it was revealed that rewetting drained peatlands in the Neman River Basin could increase water retention by 23.6-118 M m3. This corresponds to 0.14-0.7% of the total annual Neman River discharge into the Baltic Sea. Unit increase of water retention volume due to rewetting ranged between 69 and 344 m3·ha-1. The estimated water retention value ranged between 12 and 60.2 M EUR·year-1. It was also shown that peatland rewetting at the scale of Neman River Basin would cost from 6.8 M and 51.5 M EUR·year-1 depending on the selected scenario. Applying less expensive rewetting measures (non-regulated outflow from ditch blocks), the economic gains (as water storage ecosystem service of rewetted peatlands) from rewetting exceed the costs of rewetting. Thus, rewetting peatlands at a river-basin scale can be considered technically and economically efficient measures towards sustainable management of agricultural landscapes. The novel methodology applied in this study can be used when valuing trade-offs between the rewetting of drained peatlands and leaving them drained for the uncertain future of wetland agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stachowicz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michael Manton
- Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Studentu Str. 13, Kauno r., LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Marina Abramchuk
- Greifswald University, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Banaszuk
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Leonas Jarašius
- Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Algirdo Str. 22-3, LT-03218 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrzej Kamocki
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arvydas Povilaitis
- Vytautas Magnus University, Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Universiteto Str. 10, LT-53361 Kaunas-Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Amalj Samerkhanova
- Nature Park Vishtynetsky, Sovetskiy Prospekt 13-17, 236022 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Achim Schäfer
- Greifswald University, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Wendelin Wichtmann
- Greifswald University, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Succow Foundation, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Ellernholzstraße 1, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nerijus Zableckis
- Lithuanian Fund for Nature, Algirdo Str. 22-3, LT-03218 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mateusz Grygoruk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Ros A, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Brinker A. Mitigating human impacts including climate change on proliferative kidney disease in salmonids of running waters. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:497-521. [PMID: 35100455 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have identified a decline in salmonid populations, possibly linked to infection with the parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and the corresponding disease, that is, proliferative kidney disease (PKD). The life cycle of this myxozoan parasite includes sessile bryozoan species as invertebrate host, which facilitates the distribution of the parasite in running waters. As the disease outcome is temperature dependent, the impact of the disease on salmonid populations is increasing with global warming due to climate change. The goal of this review is to provide a detailed overview of measures to mitigate the effects of PKD on salmonid populations. It first summarizes the parasite life cycle, temperature-driven disease dynamics and new immunological and molecular research into disease resistance and, based on this, discusses management possibilities. Sophisticated management actions focusing on local adaptation of salmonid populations, restoration of the riverine ecosystem and keeping water temperatures cool are necessary to reduce the negative effects of PKD. Such actions include temporary stocking with PKD-resistant salmonids, as this may assist in conserving current populations that fail to reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ros
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Württemberg, LAZBW, Langenargen, Germany
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Württemberg, LAZBW, Langenargen, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Modi A, Kapoor V, Tare V. River space: A hydro-bio-geomorphic framework for sustainable river-floodplain management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151470. [PMID: 34742967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lateral dimension of an alluvial river - floodplains - provides a plethora of goods and services for human needs. Also, it supports the richest and diverse riverine ecosystems on Earth. But over-utilization of floodplain resources had impacted functions of river system adversely. So, the present study attempts to formulate a hydro-bio-geomorphological framework to assess the lateral dimension of a river system for sustainable management of river-floodplains and termed as river space in this paper. The study illustrates river space at seven hydro-meteorological sites situated on the main stem of the Ganga river in the ~750 km stretch that lies between Haridwar and Prayagraj cities. For hydrological aspect, the flood frequency analysis is used to identify flood inundation widths for floods of different return periods with the help of the rating curve and derived cross-section from satellite imagery. Bio-geomorphological aspects are taken into consideration for corroborating the hydrologically assessed river widths (lateral dimension). The present study suggests that the minimum river space should be equal to the lateral width corresponding to the 1-year return period flood. In the present hydro-meteorological sites in the middle Ganga plains, it ranges from 2 to 21 km. Overall, the present study gives an insight of a simple and logical approach that could be beneficial for the biomic restoration of rivers and their floodplains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Modi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vishal Kapoor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vinod Tare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Farò D, Zolezzi G, Wolter C. How much habitat does a river need? A spatially-explicit population dynamics model to assess ratios of ontogenetical habitat needs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112100. [PMID: 33639426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of spawning and juvenile habitats is often used to restore fish abundances in rivers, although often with unclear results. To study the effects of habitat limitations on the common barbel (Barbus barbus), a riverine litophilic cyprinid fish, an age-structured population model was developed. Using a Bayesian modeling approach, spawning and fry (0+ juvenile) habitat availability was integrated in the model in a spatially explicit way. Using Beverton-Holt and Ricker recruitment models, density dependence was incorporated in the spawning process and the recruitment of 0+ juveniles. Model parameters and their uncertainty ranges were obtained from reviewing the existing literature. The uncertainty of the processes was intrinsically accounted for by the inherently probabilistic nature of the Bayesian model. By testing various scenarios of habitat availabilities for the barbel, we hypothesize that improvement of the fish stock will be reached only at a well specified ratio of spawning to fry habitat. Model simulations revealed substantial abundance improvements at rather equal amounts of about 10% cover of both habitats, while even substantial improvements of either spawning or fry habitats only will result in little or no increase of abundance. Higher ratios of spawning to fry habitat were found to lower population recovery times. This work provides a tool that serves the assessment and comparison of river restoration scenarios as well as benchmarking rehabilitation targets in the planning phase. When targeting restoration of fish stocks, focusing only on one key life stage or process (such as spawning), without considering potential bottlenecks in other stages, can result in little to no improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Farò
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Via Mesiano 77, Trento, 38123, Italy.
| | - Guido Zolezzi
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Via Mesiano 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Christian Wolter
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
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Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Callisto M, Nichols SJ, Odume ON, Quintella BR, Kuemmerlen M, Aguiar FC, Almeida SF, Alonso-EguíaLis P, Arimoro FO, Dyer FJ, Harding JS, Jang S, Kaufmann PR, Lee S, Li J, Macedo DR, Mendes A, Mercado-Silva N, Monk W, Nakamura K, Ndiritu GG, Ogden R, Peat M, Reynoldson TB, Rios-Touma B, Segurado P, Yates AG. The Biological Assessment and Rehabilitation of the World's Rivers: An Overview. WATER 2021; 13:371. [PMID: 33868721 PMCID: PMC8048141 DOI: 10.3390/w13030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The biological assessment of rivers i.e., their assessment through use of aquatic assemblages, integrates the effects of multiple-stressors on these systems over time and is essential to evaluate ecosystem condition and establish recovery measures. It has been undertaken in many countries since the 1990s, but not globally. And where national or multi-national monitoring networks have gathered large amounts of data, the poor water body classifications have not necessarily resulted in the rehabilitation of rivers. Thus, here we aimed to identify major gaps in the biological assessment and rehabilitation of rivers worldwide by focusing on the best examples in Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North, Central, and South America. Our study showed that it is not possible so far to draw a world map of the ecological quality of rivers. Biological assessment of rivers and streams is only implemented officially nation-wide and regularly in the European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, South Africa, and the USA. In Australia, Canada, China, New Zealand, and Singapore it has been implemented officially at the state/province level (in some cases using common protocols) or in major catchments or even only once at the national level to define reference conditions (Australia). In other cases, biological monitoring is driven by a specific problem, impact assessments, water licenses, or the need to rehabilitate a river or a river section (as in Brazil, South Korea, China, Canada, Japan, Australia). In some countries monitoring programs have only been explored by research teams mostly at the catchment or local level (e.g., Brazil, Mexico, Chile, China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam) or implemented by citizen science groups (e.g., Southern Africa, Gambia, East Africa, Australia, Brazil, Canada). The existing large-extent assessments show a striking loss of biodiversity in the last 2-3 decades in Japanese and New Zealand rivers (e.g., 42% and 70% of fish species threatened or endangered, respectively). A poor condition (below Good condition) exists in 25% of South Korean rivers, half of the European water bodies, and 44% of USA rivers, while in Australia 30% of the reaches sampled were significantly impaired in 2006. Regarding river rehabilitation, the greatest implementation has occurred in North America, Australia, Northern Europe, Japan, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea. Most rehabilitation measures have been related to improving water quality and river connectivity for fish or the improvement of riparian vegetation. The limited extent of most rehabilitation measures (i.e., not considering the entire catchment) often constrains the improvement of biological condition. Yet, many rehabilitation projects also lack pre-and/or post-monitoring of ecological condition, which prevents assessing the success and shortcomings of the recovery measures. Economic constraints are the most cited limitation for implementing monitoring programs and rehabilitation actions, followed by technical limitations, limited knowledge of the fauna and flora and their life-history traits (especially in Africa, South America and Mexico), and poor awareness by decision-makers. On the other hand, citizen involvement is recognized as key to the success and sustainability of rehabilitation projects. Thus, establishing rehabilitation needs, defining clear goals, tracking progress towards achieving them, and involving local populations and stakeholders are key recommendations for rehabilitation projects (Table 1). Large-extent and long-term monitoring programs are also essential to provide a realistic overview of the condition of rivers worldwide. Soon, the use of DNA biological samples and eDNA to investigate aquatic diversity could contribute to reducing costs and thus increase monitoring efforts and a more complete assessment of biodiversity. Finally, we propose developing transcontinental teams to elaborate and improve technical guidelines for implementing biological monitoring programs and river rehabilitation and establishing common financial and technical frameworks for managing international catchments. We also recommend providing such expert teams through the United Nations Environment Program to aid the extension of biomonitoring, bioassessment, and river rehabilitation knowledge globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Laboratory of Ecology of Benthos, Department of Genetic, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Oghenekaro N. Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Bernardo R. Quintella
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Évora, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mathias Kuemmerlen
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity Centre for the Environment, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francisca C. Aguiar
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Salomé F.P. Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec—GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Perla Alonso-EguíaLis
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Bioindicators Laboratory, Jiutepec Morelos 62550, Mexico
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (Applied Hydrobiology Unit), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65 Minna, Nigeria
| | - Fiona J. Dyer
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biologcal Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sukhwan Jang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Daejin University, Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 1007, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Philip R. Kaufmann
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Samhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), 283 Goyangdaero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Department of Geography, Geomorphology and Water Resources Laboratory, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mendes
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, LabOr—Laboratório de Ornitologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7002-774 Évora, Portugal
| | - Norman Mercado-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservacíon, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada and, Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba 305-8516, Japan
| | - George G. Ndiritu
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957, 10101 Karatina, Kenya
| | - Ralph Ogden
- Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Peat
- Wetlands, Policy and Northern Water Use Branch, Commonwealth Environmental Water Office, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Blanca Rios-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía Nayón S/N, 170503 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Segurado
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adam G. Yates
- Department of Geography, Western University and Canadian Rivers Institute, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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Sharma V, Joshi H, Bowes MJ. A Tale of Two Rivers: Can the Restoration Lessons of River Thames (Southern UK) Be Transferred to River Hindon (Northern India)? WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:212. [PMID: 33994598 PMCID: PMC8107415 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies the basin scale factors and potential remedies to restore the severely polluted Hindon River in India, by comparing with another basin with high population density: the River Thames in the UK. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Thames River are usually around 8 mg/l and 7.5 mg/l respectively, while phosphorus and ammonium range between 0.1-0.6 mg/l and 0.1-0.4 mg/l respectively. The Thames has seen great improvements in water quality over the past decades, due to high levels of sewage treatment and regulation of industrial effluents which have improved water quality conditions. Conversely, the Hindon River suffers from extremely poor water quality and this is mainly attributed to the direct discharge of partially treated or untreated municipal and industrial wastewater into the river. BOD is in the range of 15-60 mg/l and DO is below 5 mg/l. Phosphorus ranges around 2-6 mg/l at most of the monitoring stations and ammonia-nitrogen in the range of 10-40 mg /l in Galeta at Hindon. The analysis of variance also depicts the spatial and temporal variation in water quality in the Hindon River. Besides, non-point sources, pollution from point sources with minimal base flow in the river during dry season, result in low dilution capacity causing high pollutant concentrations which impacts the river ecosystem and fisheries. To restore the Hindon River, resources must be focussed on mainly treating sewage and industrial effluents and by developing appropriate river basin management and regulatory plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasker Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Jigme Namgyel Engineering College, Royal University of Bhutan, Dewathang, Samdrupjongkhar, Bhutan
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Michael J. Bowes
- UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB UK
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Evaluating Cost Trade-Offs between Hydropower and Fish Passage Mitigation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote the sustainable management of hydropower, decision makers require information about cost trade-offs between the restoration of fish passage and hydropower production. We provide a systematic overview of the construction, operational, monitoring, and power loss costs associated with upstream and downstream fish passage measures in the European context. When comparing the total costs of upstream measures across different electricity price scenarios, nature-like solutions (67–88 EUR/kW) tend to cost less than technical solutions (201–287 EUR/kW) on average. Furthermore, nature-like fish passes incur fewer power losses and provide habitat in addition to facilitating fish passage, which presents a strong argument for supporting their development. When evaluating different cost categories of fish passage measures across different electricity price scenarios, construction (45–87%) accounts for the largest share compared to operation (0–1.2%) and power losses (11–54%). However, under a high electricity price scenario, power losses exceed construction costs for technical fish passes. Finally, there tends to be limited information on operational, power loss, and monitoring costs associated with passage measures. Thus, we recommend that policy makers standardize monitoring and reporting of hydraulic, structural, and biological parameters as well as costs in a more detailed manner.
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Tranmer AW, Weigel D, Marti CL, Vidergar D, Benjankar R, Tonina D, Goodwin P, Imberger J. Coupled reservoir-river systems: Lessons from an integrated aquatic ecosystem assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110107. [PMID: 32090820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable reservoir-river management requires balancing complex trade-offs and decision-making to support both human water demands and ecological function. Current numerical simulation and optimization algorithms can guide reservoir-river operations for optimal hydropower production, irrigation, nutrient management, and municipal consumption, yet much less is known about optimization of associated ecosystems. This ten-year study demonstrates an ecosystem assessment approach that links the environmental processes to an ecosystem response in order to evaluate the impact of climatic forcing and reservoir operations on the aquatic ecosystems of a coupled headwater reservoir-river system. The approach uses a series of numerical, statistical, and empirical models to explore reservoir operational flexibility aimed at improving the environmental processes that support aquatic ecosystem function. The results illustrate that understanding the seasonal biogeochemical changes in reservoirs is critical for determining environmental flow releases and the ecological trajectory of both the reservoir and river systems. The coupled models show that reservoir management can improve the ecological function of complex aquatic ecosystems under certain climatic conditions. During dry hydrologic years, the high post-irrigation release can increase the downstream primary and macroinvertebrate production by 99% and 45% respectively. However, this flow release would reduce total fish biomass in the reservoir by 16%, providing management tradeoffs to the different ecosystems. Additionally, low post-irrigation flows during the winter season supports water temperature that can maintain ice cover in the downstream river for improved ecosystem function. The ecosystem assessment approach provides operational flexibility for large infrastructure, supports transparent decision-making by management agencies, and facilitates framing of environmental legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Weigel
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho, USA
| | - Clelia L Marti
- Sustainable Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, USA
| | | | - Rohan Benjankar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, USA
| | - Daniele Tonina
- Center for Ecohydraulics Research, University of Idaho, USA
| | - Peter Goodwin
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA
| | - Jörg Imberger
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, USA
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11
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Theodoropoulos C, Stamou A, Vardakas L, Papadaki C, Dimitriou E, Skoulikidis N, Kalogianni E. River restoration is prone to failure unless pre-optimized within a mechanistic ecological framework | Insights from a model-based case study. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115550. [PMID: 32035279 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
River restoration with the use of in-stream structures has been widely implemented to maintain/improve physical habitats. However, the response of aquatic biota has often been too weak to justify the high costs of restoration projects. The ecological effectiveness of river restoration has thus been much debated over claims that large-scale environmental drivers often overshadow the potential positive ecological effects of locally placed in-stream structures. In this study, we used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic-habitat model to evaluate the ecological effectiveness of habitat restoration with the use of in-stream structures in various water discharges, ranging from near-dry to environmental flows. The habitat suitability of benthic macroinvertebrates and of three cyprinid fish species was simulated for six restoration schemes and at four discharge scenarios, and was compared with a reference model, without in-stream structures. We found that the ecological response to habitat restoration varied by species and life stages, it strongly depended on the reach-scale flow conditions, it was often negative at near-environmental flows, and when positive, mostly at near-dry flows, it was too low to justify the high costs of river restoration. Flow variation was the major environmental driver that our local habitat restoration schemes attempted -but mostly failed-to fine-tune. We conclude that traditional river restoration, based on trial and error, will likely fail and should be ecologically pre-optimized before field implementation. Widespread use of in-stream structures for ecological restoration is not recommended. However, at near-dry flows, the response of all biotic elements except for macroinvertebrates, was positive. In combination with the small habitat-suitability differences observed among structure types and densities, we suggest that sparse/moderate in-stream structure placement can be used for cost-effective river restoration, but it will only be ecologically effective -thus justifying the high implementation costs-when linked to very specific purposes: (i) to conserve endangered species and (ii) to increase/improve habitat availability/suitability during dry periods, thus proactively preventing/reducing the current and future ecological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Theodoropoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece; National Technical University of Athens, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Stamou
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Christina Papadaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Elias Dimitriou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
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12
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Effects of Transverse Groynes on Meso-Habitat Suitability for Native Fish Species on a Regulated By-Passed Large River: A Case Study along the Rhine River. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
River regulations ultimately degrade fluvial forms and morphodynamics and simplify riparian and aquatic habitats. For several decades, river restoration actions have been performed to recover geomorphic processes and diversify these habitats to enhance both river biodiversity and ecosystem services. The objective of this study is to provide quantitative feedback on the experimental restoration of a large regulated and by-passed river (the Upper Rhine downstream of the Kembs Dam, France/Germany). This restoration consisted of the construction of two transverse groynes and the removal of bank protection. A monitoring framework composed of topo-bathymetric surveys as well as flow velocity and grain size measurements was established to assess the channel morphodynamic responses and evaluate their effects on habitat suitability for five native fish species using habitat models. A riverscape approach was used to evaluate the landscape changes in terms of both the configuration and the composition, which cannot be considered with classic approaches (e.g., Weighted Usable Area). Our results show that the two transverse groynes and, to a lesser extent, bank erosion, which was locally enhanced by the two groynes, increased habitat diversity due to the creation of new macroforms (e.g., pools and mid-bars) and fining of the bed grain size. Using a riverscape approach, our findings highlight that the restoration improved eel and juvenile nase species due to slowing down of the current and the deposition of fine sediments downstream of both groynes. As a consequence, the restoration improved the habitat suitability of the studied reach for more fish species compared with the pre-restoration conditions. This study also demonstrates that the salmon habitats downstream of the restored reach were improved due to fining of the bed grain size. This finding highlights that, for restorations aimed at fish habitats, the grain size conditions must be taken into consideration along with the flow conditions. Furthermore, the implementation of groynes, while not a panacea in terms of functional restoration, can be a strategy for improving fish habitats on highly regulated rivers, but only when more functional and natural options are impossible due to major constraints.
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13
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Wang Y, Chen X, Borthwick AGL, Li T, Liu H, Yang S, Zheng C, Xu J, Ni J. Sustainability of global Golden Inland Waterways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1553. [PMID: 32214097 PMCID: PMC7096509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable inland waterways should meet the needs of navigation without compromising the health of riverine ecosystems. Here we propose a hierarchical model to describe sustainable development of the Golden Inland Waterways (GIWs) which are characterized by great bearing capacity and transport need. Based on datasets from 66 large rivers (basin area > 100,000 km2) worldwide, we identify 34 GIWs, mostly distributed in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America, typically following a three-stage development path from the initial, through to the developing and on to the developed stage. For most GIWs, the exploitation ratio, defined as the ratio of actual to idealized bearing capacity, should be less than 80% due to ecological considerations. Combined with the indices of regional development, GIWs exploitation, and riverine ecosystem, we reveal the global diversity and evolution of GIWs' sustainability from 2015 to 2050, which highlights the importance of river-specific strategies for waterway exploitation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Alistair G L Borthwick
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Tianhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huaihan Liu
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, 430010, P. R. China
| | - Shengfa Yang
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Center for Global Large Rivers, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Management, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jinren Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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Riepe C, Meyerhoff J, Fujitani M, Aas Ø, Radinger J, Kochalski S, Arlinghaus R. Managing River Fish Biodiversity Generates Substantial Economic Benefits in Four European Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 63:759-776. [PMID: 30937489 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems and biodiversity produce benefits to society, but many of them are hard to quantify. For example, it is unclear whether European societies gain benefits from experiencing rivers that host high native biodiversity. Without such knowledge, monetary investments into ecologically oriented river management plans are difficult to justify. The objective of this study was to reveal how the public in four European countries values ecological characteristics of domestic rivers and the outcomes of hypothetical river basin management plans designed to improve river ecosystems, particularly fish biodiversity. We conducted a choice experiment among the populations in Norway, Sweden, Germany, and France. We found similar preference structures in all countries with high marginal willingness-to-pay for improvements of abiotic river attributes (increased accessiblity of the river banks, improved bathing water quality, decreased river fragmentation). Citizens also benefited from certain fish species occurring in a river with native salmonid species being more valued than nonnatives, particularly in Norway, and from the degree of a river's native biodiversity. Welfare measures calculated for selected river basin management plans (policy scenarios) revealed societal benefits that were primarily derived from ecological river management whereas a scenario focusing on hydroelectricity production generated the lowest utility. We conclude that ecological river management may produce high nonmarket economic benefits in all study countries, particularly through the management of abiotic river attributes and the restoration of declining or extinct fish species. Our results help to inform decisions on restoration efforts by showcasing the benefits that these measures have for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riepe
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Meyerhoff
- Institute for Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 145, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Fujitani
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
- Institutional and Behavioral Economics Working Group, Leibniz-Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Øystein Aas
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fakkelgarden, N-2624, Lillehammer, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Johannes Radinger
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69SP-17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Sophia Kochalski
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Albrecht-Daniel-Thaer-Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture & Integrative Research Institute for the Transformation of Human-Environment Systems, Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu, Berlin Invalidenstrasse 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Nutrient Pollutants in Surface Water—Assessing Trends in Drinking Water Resource Quality for a Regional City in Central Europe. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the changes in concentration of seven biogenic indices in the Wisłok River water and determines the water treatment processes required in order to obtain water fit for consumption. The investigations were conducted during 2004–2013, and water samples were collected at a measuring-control point was situated at 67.9 km on the river at the surface water intake for the water supply to the Rzeszów city dwellers. Analysis of the research results allows for the forecasting of technological and organizational changes in the treatment processes of the abstracted water. It was found that only the mean concentration of Kjeldahl nitrogen exceeded the value admissible for class I, which allowed the Wisłok River water to be classified as class II with good potential and determined the water quality category as A2, which indicates the necessity for typical performance physical and chemical treatment. Downward trends in the contents of the tested nutrients occurred during the period of investigation, except for nitrite nitrogen. Statistically significant downward trends were registered for ammonium nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphates. The decline in nutrient concentrations in the water of Wisłok is a tangible result of the introduction of new standards of water resource management in the catchment, compliant with the European Union legislation.
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Abstract
Despite that hydromorphological restoration projects have been implemented since the 1940s, the key to improve the effectiveness of future restoration measures remains a challenge. This is in part related to the lack of adequate aims and objectives together with our limitations in understanding the effects on the physical habitat and ecosystems from interventions. This study shows the potential of using remote sensing techniques combined with hydraulic modelling to evaluate the success of physical restoration measures using habitat suitability as a quantifiable objective. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was used to build a high-resolution two-dimensional model for Ljungan River, Sweden, using HEC-RAS 5.0. Two types of instream restoration measures were simulated according to the physical measures carried out in the river to improve salmonid habitat: (a) stones and rocks were moved from the bank sides to the main channel, and (b) a concrete wall was broken to open two channels to connect a side channel with the main river. Results showed that the hydraulic model could potentially be used to simulate the hydraulic conditions before and after instream modifications were implemented. A general improvement was found for the potential suitable habitat based on depth, velocity and shear stress values after the instream measures.
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17
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A Gateway to Successful River Restorations: A Pre-Assessment Framework on the River Ecosystem in Northeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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