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J E T M, P A S, C L, N GK, F GK, R A H. Leopard density and determinants of space use in a farming landscape in South Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10562. [PMID: 38719842 PMCID: PMC11079070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are traditionally the foundation of conservation strategy, but land not formally protected is of particular importance for the conservation of large carnivores because of their typically wide-ranging nature. In South Africa, leopard (Panthera pardus) population decreases are thought to be occurring in areas of human development and intense negative interactions, but research is biased towards protected areas, with quantitative information on population sizes and trends in non-protected areas severely lacking. Using Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture and occupancy techniques including 10 environmental and anthropogenic covariates, we analysed camera trap data from commercial farmland in South Africa where negative human-wildlife interactions are reported to be high. Our findings demonstrate that leopards persist at a moderate density (2.21 /100 km2) and exhibit signs of avoidance from areas where lethal control measures are implemented. This suggests leopards have the potential to navigate mixed mosaic landscapes effectively, enhancing their chances of long-term survival and coexistence with humans. Mixed mosaics of agriculture that include crops, game and livestock farming should be encouraged and, providing lethal control is not ubiquitous in the landscape, chains of safer spaces should permit vital landscape connectivity. However, continuing to promote non-lethal mitigation techniques remains vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKaughan J E T
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
- Primate and Predator Project, Alldays Wildlife and Communities Research Centre, Campfornis Game Farm, Alldays, South Africa.
| | - Stephens P A
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lucas C
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - Guichard-Kruger N
- Primate and Predator Project, Alldays Wildlife and Communities Research Centre, Campfornis Game Farm, Alldays, South Africa
| | - Guichard-Kruger F
- Primate and Predator Project, Alldays Wildlife and Communities Research Centre, Campfornis Game Farm, Alldays, South Africa
| | - Hill R A
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Primate and Predator Project, Alldays Wildlife and Communities Research Centre, Campfornis Game Farm, Alldays, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
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Pichancourt JB. Navigating the complexities of the forest land sharing vs sparing logging dilemma: analytical insights through the governance theory of social-ecological systems dynamics. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16809. [PMID: 38304187 PMCID: PMC10832625 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the ongoing debate on forest land-sparing vs land-sharing, aiming to identify effective strategies for both species conservation and timber exploitation. Previous studies, guided by control theory, compared sharing and sparing by optimizing logging intensity along a presumed trade-off between timber yield and ecological outcomes. However, the realism of this trade-off assumption is questioned by ecological and governance theories. This article introduces a mathematical model of Social-Ecological System (SES) dynamics, distinguishing selective logging intensification between sharing and sparing, with associated governance requirements. The model assumes consistent rules for logging, replanting, conservation support, access regulation, socio-economic, soil and climate conditions. Actors, each specialized in sustainable logging and replanting of a single species, coexist with various tree species in the same space for land sharing, contrasting with separate actions on monospecific stands for sparing. In sharing scenarios, a gradient of intensification is created from 256 combinations of selective logging for a forest with eight coexisting tree species. This is compared with eight scenarios of monospecific stands adjacent to a spared eight-species forest area safeguarded from logging. Numerical projections over 100 years rank sparing and sharing options based on forest-level tree biodiversity, carbon storage, and timber yield. The findings underscore the context-specific nature of the problem but identify simple heuristics to optimize both sparing and sharing practices. Prioritizing the most productive tree species is effective when selecting sparing, especially when timber yield and biodiversity are benchmarks. Conversely, sharing consistently outperforms sparing when carbon storage and biodiversity are main criteria. Sharing excels across scenarios considering all three criteria, provided a greater diversity of actors access and coexist in the shared space under collective rules ensuring independence and sustainable logging and replanting. The present model addresses some limitations in existing sparing-sharing theory by aligning with established ecological theories exploring the intricate relationship between disturbance practices, productivity and ecological outcomes. The findings also support a governance hypothesis from the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics (E. Ostrom) regarding the positive impact on biodiversity and productivity of increasing polycentricity, i.e., expanding the number of independent species controllers' channels (loggers/replanters/supporters/regulators). This hypothesis, rooted in Ashby's law of requisite variety from control theory, suggests that resolving the sharing/sparing dilemma may depend on our ability to predict the yield-ecology performances of sparing (in heterogeneous landscapes) vs of sharing (in the same space) from their respective levels of "polycentric requisite variety".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Pichancourt
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), INRAE, Laboratoire d’Ingénieurie des Systèmes Complexes (UR LISC), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France
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Zhang X, Jin X, Fuller RA, Liang X, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Using modern portfolio theory to enhance ecosystem service delivery: A case study from China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119064. [PMID: 37748292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
:Land management strategies often prioritize agricultural supply services at the expense of other ecosystem services. To achieve a high and steady supply of multiple ecosystem services, it is essential to optimize land management practices in areas suitable for agriculture. However, many studies on land management tend to focus on their benefits to ecosystem service delivery without adequately considering the potential risks to other services that might be involved. Here we use modern portfolio theory to quantitatively measure benefits and risks from land management strategies to enhance ecosystem services. We create seven land management scenarios that balance different kinds of ecosystem services in different ways in the agricultural production area of Maoming, Guangdong Province, China. The method yielded optimal portfolios of land management patterns that enhanced ecosystem services while reducing risk as much as possible. This includes a scenario delivering a 22% increase in agricultural production service, while simultaneously increasing the provision of nature-related ecosystem services by 2%. However, no optimization scenario was perfect, and there was always a trade-off between gaining certain ecosystem service benefits and creating a risk of losing others. Our portfolio theory approach reveals that it is essential to consider both the benefits and risks of land management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yeting Fan
- School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yinkang Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Ausprey IJ, Newell FL, Robinson SK. Sensitivity of tropical montane birds to anthropogenic disturbance and management strategies for their conservation in agricultural landscapes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14136. [PMID: 37377175 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane bird communities are hypothesized to be highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance because species are adapted to a narrow range of environmental conditions and display high rates of endemism. We assessed avian sensitivity at regional and continental scales for a global epicenter of montane bird biodiversity, the tropical Andes. Using data from an intensive field study of cloud forest bird communities across 7 landscapes undergoing agricultural conversion in northern Peru (1800-3100 m, 2016-2017) and a pan-Andean synthesis of forest bird sensitivity, we developed management strategies for maintaining avian biodiversity in tropical countrysides and examined how environmental specialization predicts species-specific sensitivity to disturbance. In Peru, bird communities occupying countryside habitats contained 29-93% fewer species compared with those in forests and were compositionally distinct due to high levels of species turnover. Fragments of mature forest acted as reservoirs for forest bird diversity, especially when large or surrounded by mixed successional vegetation. In high-intensity agricultural plots, an addition of 10 silvopasture trees or 10% more fencerows per hectare increased species richness by 18-20%. Insectivores and frugivores were most sensitive to disturbance: abundance of 40-70% of species declined in early successional vegetation and silvopasture. These results were supported by our synthesis of 816 montane bird species studied across the Andes. At least 25% of the species declined due to all forms of disturbance, and the percentage rose to 60% in agricultural landscapes. The most sensitive species were those with narrow elevational ranges and small global range sizes, insectivores and carnivores, and species with specialized trophic niches. We recommend protecting forest fragments, especially large ones, and increasing connectivity through the maintenance of early successional vegetation and silvopastoral trees that increase avian diversity in pastures. We provide lists of species-specific sensitivities to anthropogenic disturbance to inform conservation status assessments of Andean birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Ausprey
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felicity L Newell
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Scott K Robinson
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Li T, Dong Y. Phased and polarized development of ecological quality in the rapidly-urbanized Pearl River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36176-36189. [PMID: 36547841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the most significant human activities in the Anthropocene, with profound impacts on environmental quality. The lack of an understanding about the relationship between urbanization and ecological quality limits the effectiveness of urban planning and ecological policies in alleviating urban ecological problems. Based on the integrated ecological index RSEI (remote sensing ecological index), this study attempts to clarify the spatio-temporal characteristics of ecological quality in an urbanization process through an empirical study in China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) and explores the relationship between urbanization and ecological quality. Our results show that the ecological development of the PRD in the period of 1986 to 2019 was a phased and polarized process. Two periods are distinguished, based on RSEI dispersion: the period of 1986 to 2003, with slight dispersion, and the period of 2004 to 2019, with higher dispersion. Plain areas show evidence of ecological degradation, whereas a considerable improvement was observed in hilly areas. Industrialization and consummation of legal system were the driving factors behind the phased development of ecological quality, while the differences in landform and land management were the fundamental reasons for the spatial differentiation of ecological quality. The findings of this study provide experience and enlightenment for ecological management and sustainable development strategies in regions seeking rapid growth in their prosperity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528011, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- School of Resources and Planning, Xinhua College of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
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Torres B, Espinoza Í, Torres A, Herrera-Feijoo R, Luna M, García A. Livelihood Capitals and Opportunity Cost for Grazing Areas' Restoration: A Sustainable Intensification Strategy in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040714. [PMID: 36830503 PMCID: PMC9952715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Land use change in pastures is considered one of the leading drivers of tropical deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR). To halt and reverse this process, it is necessary to understand, among other factors, the local livelihoods, income from grazing area and the appropriate options to foster sustainable production, incorporating the land-sparing and land-sharing approach. This work was conducted using 167 household surveys along an altitudinal gradient within the buffer and transition zone of the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in the EAR. The results of a comparative analysis of the main capital variables (human, social, natural, financial, and physical), and the opportunity cost of grazing area assessment provides the following key findings: (a) the concepts of land sparing and land sharing should be considered as complementary local strategies, including household livelihoods and the opportunity cost of the grazing area; (b) we should encourage markets with differentiated restoration rights, based on households engaged in low grazing areas' opportunity costs, and making less impact on capitals' livelihood a key element of economic and conservation initiatives; and (c) sectoral policy implications, including moderate intensification and technological improvements to strengthen the pastureland-sparing and -sharing approach, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolier Torres
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Amazon State University (UEA), Pastaza 160101, Ecuador
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Postgraduate Unit, State Technical University of Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo Av. Quito km, 1 1/2 Vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120550, Ecuador
| | - Ítalo Espinoza
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, State Technical University of Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo Av. Quito km, 1 1/2 Vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120550, Ecuador
| | - Alexandra Torres
- Postgraduate Unit, State Technical University of Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo Av. Quito km, 1 1/2 Vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120550, Ecuador
- Faculty of Legal, Social and Education Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo (UTB), Km 3 1/2 Vía a Valencia, Quevedo 120550, Ecuador
| | - Robinson Herrera-Feijoo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, State Technical University of Quevedo (UTEQ), Quevedo Av. Quito km, 1 1/2 Vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo 120550, Ecuador
| | - Marcelo Luna
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Amazon State University (UEA), Pastaza 160101, Ecuador
| | - Antón García
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Goyette JO, Botrel M, Billen G, Garnier J, Maranger R. Agriculture specialization influence on nutrient use efficiency and fluxes in the St. Lawrence Basin over the 20th century. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159018. [PMID: 36167139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the overall use efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resources in food production while minimizing losses to the environment are required to meet the dual challenge of food security and sustainability. Yet studies quantifying the overall performance of different agro-system types and how these have changed over time remain rare, although they are essential to propose solution pathways. Here, we reconstructed fluxes of N and P within 78 watersheds of the St. Lawrence Basin (SLB) of eastern Canada between 1901 and 2011, using the Generalized Representation of Agro-Food System model (GRAFS). This analysis allowed us to classify different agro-food system types and to evaluate how agricultural specialization influenced nutrient efficiencies and potential losses to the environment over time. Using a cluster analysis, we identified four agro-food system types with different overall outcomes in efficiencies and losses. We show that agricultural practices in the SLB were similar until the 1950's and deemed unsustainable in several watersheds by depleting agricultural soils of their nutrients (particularly N). With the advent of manufactured fertilizers and the intensification of livestock farming, the SLB then rapidly shifted through the 1970s and 1980s to more intensified and highly unsustainable agro-food system types, where, in 2011, ~77 % of N and ~ 94 % of P inputs were lost to the environment. We also show that nutrient pollution continued to increase despite gains in the nutrient use efficiency of animal farming due to higher nutrient throughput from intensive production. The increased proportion of confined animals, disconnected from croplands, indeed resulted in inefficient nutrient recycling. While nutrient use efficiency may mitigate nutrient pollution, reducing the absolute nutrient flux through agro-food systems should be a priority, likely through a reconnection of crop and animal farming and an overall reduction of meat production, specifically from concentrated, intensive livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Goyette
- Université de Montréal, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - M Botrel
- Université de Montréal, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G Billen
- Sorbonne Université CNRS EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Garnier
- Sorbonne Université CNRS EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Maranger
- Université de Montréal, Département de sciences biologiques, Complexe des sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Hayek MN. The infectious disease trap of animal agriculture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6681. [PMID: 36322670 PMCID: PMC9629715 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases originating from animals (zoonotic diseases) have emerged following deforestation from agriculture. Agriculture can reduce its land use through intensification, i.e., improving resource use efficiency. However, intensive management often confines animals and their wastes, which also fosters disease emergence. Therefore, rising demand for animal-sourced foods creates a "trap" of zoonotic disease risks: extensive land use on one hand or intensive animal management on the other. Not all intensification poses disease risks; some methods avoid confinement and improve animal health. However, these "win-win" improvements alone cannot satisfy rising meat demand, particularly for chicken and pork. Intensive poultry and pig production entails greater antibiotic use, confinement, and animal populations than beef production. Shifting from beef to chicken consumption mitigates climate emissions, but this common strategy neglects zoonotic disease risks. Preventing zoonotic diseases requires international coordination to reduce the high demand for animal-sourced foods, improve forest conservation governance, and selectively intensify the lowest-producing ruminant animal systems without confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Hayek
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, 285 Mercer St., New York, NY 10012, USA.
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Carmenta R, Steward A, Albuquerque A, Carneiro R, Vira B, Estrada Carmona N. The comparative performance of land sharing, land sparing type interventions on place‐based human well‐being. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carmenta
- School of International Development and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Angela Steward
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Adrielly Albuquerque
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Renan Carneiro
- Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil
| | - Bhaskar Vira
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Zhang X, Jin X, Liang X, Ren J, Han B, Liu J, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Implications of land sparing and sharing for maintaining regional ecosystem services: An empirical study from a suitable area for agricultural production in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153330. [PMID: 35074364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clarification of land use management in areas of potential land use conflict plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem services. However, the relationship between land use strategies and ecosystem services in potential conflict zones remains uncertain, lacking quantitative evidence. Therefore, to construct a healthy territorial space system, a spatial classification model for land use was built based on land sparing and sharing. In addition, the inherent characteristics of different modes in the landscape structure and functional heterogeneity were also resolved. Then, an empirical analysis was carried out with the coastal agricultural production area of Maoming City, Guangdong Province. Focusing on the potential area of land use conflicts in Maoming City, that is, the suitable area for agricultural production, this study determined the differences in ecosystem services under multiple land use patterns at the pixel level, explored the trade-offs of ecosystem services in the entire suitable area and a single model, and examined the gradient effect of ecosystem services with the intensity of cultivated land use. According to the results, ecosystem services significantly differed in land use patterns, and the comprehensive ecosystem service was the highest in the land sharing model. Ecosystem services exert a synergistic effect in the entire suitable area for agricultural production, whereas there exists no correlation within a single model. When the arable land area of intensive agriculture exceeds 84.84%, food supply and other ecosystem services will be reduced to varying degrees. The study bridges the gap in research on the relationship between land sparing and sharing and ecosystem services in Chinese regions, and proposes clear land remediation strategies in potential conflict zones, which can thus provide some guidance for achieving sustainable regional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yeting Fan
- School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinkang Zhou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu C, Deng C, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang S. Optimization of Spatial Pattern of Land Use: Progress, Frontiers, and Prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105805. [PMID: 35627349 PMCID: PMC9142005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to high-intensity human disturbance and rapid climate change, optimizing the spatial pattern of land use has become a pivotal path to restoring ecosystem functions and realizing the sustainable development of human–land relationships. This review uses the literature analysis method combined with CiteSpace to determine current research progress and frontiers, challenges, and directions for further improvement in this field. The main conclusions include the following: (a) research on the optimization of spatial pattern of land use has transformed from pattern description orientation to sustainable development orientation to ecological restoration orientation. Its research paradigm has changed from pattern to function to well-being; (b) the research frontier mainly includes spatial pattern of land use that takes into account the unity of spatial structure and functional attributes, the ecological mechanism and feedback effect of change in spatial pattern of land, the theoretical framework and model construction of land use simulation and prediction based on multiple disciplines and fields, and the adaptive management of sustainable land use in the context of climate change; (c) based on current research challenges, we integrate the research on landscape ecology and ecosystem service flows to develop an “element sets–network structure–system functions–human well-being” conceptual model. We also propose the strengthening of future research on theoretical innovation, spatiotemporal mechanism selection, causal emergence mechanism, the transformation threshold, and uncertainty. We provide innovative ideas for achieving sustainable management of land systems and territorial spatial planning with the aim of improving the adaptability of land use spatial optimization. This is expected to strengthen the ability of land systems to cope with ecological security and climate risks.
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Schneider JM, Zabel F, Schünemann F, Delzeit R, Mauser W. Global cropland could be almost halved: Assessment of land saving potentials under different strategies and implications for agricultural markets. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263063. [PMID: 35192630 PMCID: PMC8863228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial role. Land saving as a strategy, where agricultural productivity is increased to allow a reduction of required cropland while sustaining production volumes and meeting demand, could address this trade-off. With our interdisciplinary model-based study, we globally assess regional potentials of land saving and analyze resulting effects on agricultural production, prices and trade. Thereby, different land saving strategies are investigated that (1) minimize required cropland (2) minimize spatial marginalization induced by land saving and (3) maximize the attainable profit. We find that current cropland requirements could be reduced between 37% and 48%, depending on the applied land saving strategy. The generally more efficient use of land would cause crop prices to fall in all regions, but also trigger an increase in global agricultural production of 2.8%. While largest land saving potentials occur in regions with high yield gaps, the impacts on prices and production are strongest in highly populated regions with already high pressure on land. Global crop prices and trade affect regional impacts of land saving on agricultural markets and can displace effects to spatially distant regions. Our results point out the importance of investigating the potentials and effects of land saving in the context of global markets within an integrative, global framework. The resulting land saving potentials can moreover reframe debates on global potentials for afforestation and carbon sequestration, as well as on how to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and thus contribute to approaching central goals of the 21st century, addressed for example in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement or the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Schneider
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Zabel
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Schünemann
- Department of Bioeconomy and Computational Science Lab, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ruth Delzeit
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mauser
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Masao CA, Prescott GW, Snethlage MA, Urbach D, Torre‐Marin Rando A, Molina‐Venegas R, Mollel NP, Hemp C, Hemp A, Fischer M. Stakeholder perspectives on nature, people and sustainability at Mount Kilimanjaro. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Masao
- Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | | | - Mark A. Snethlage
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
| | - Davnah Urbach
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Rafael Molina‐Venegas
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- GloCEE – Global Change Ecology & Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Neduvoto P. Mollel
- National Herbarium of Tanzania Tropical Pesticides Research Institute Arusha Tanzania
| | - Claudia Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences Bern Switzerland
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14
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Meyfroidt P, de Bremond A, Ryan CM, Archer E, Aspinall R, Chhabra A, Camara G, Corbera E, DeFries R, Díaz S, Dong J, Ellis EC, Erb KH, Fisher JA, Garrett RD, Golubiewski NE, Grau HR, Grove JM, Haberl H, Heinimann A, Hostert P, Jobbágy EG, Kerr S, Kuemmerle T, Lambin EF, Lavorel S, Lele S, Mertz O, Messerli P, Metternicht G, Munroe DK, Nagendra H, Nielsen JØ, Ojima DS, Parker DC, Pascual U, Porter JR, Ramankutty N, Reenberg A, Roy Chowdhury R, Seto KC, Seufert V, Shibata H, Thomson A, Turner BL, Urabe J, Veldkamp T, Verburg PH, Zeleke G, Zu Ermgassen EKHJ. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109217118. [PMID: 35131937 PMCID: PMC8851509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109217118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits-"win-wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Meyfroidt
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique F.R.S.-FNRS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane de Bremond
- Centre for Environment and Development, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Casey M Ryan
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom;
| | - Emma Archer
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Richard Aspinall
- Independent Scholar, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland
| | - Abha Chhabra
- Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380015, India
| | - Gilberto Camara
- Earth Observation Directorate, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Esteve Corbera
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Ruth DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jinwei Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Erle C Ellis
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Karl-Heinz Erb
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet A Fisher
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nancy E Golubiewski
- Joint Evidence, Data, and Insights Division, Ministry for the Environment, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - H Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Yerba Buena, Tucumán 4107, Argentina
| | - J Morgan Grove
- Baltimore Urban Field Station, USDA Forest Service, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Helmut Haberl
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinimann
- Wyss Academy for Nature at the University of Bern, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hostert
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban G Jobbágy
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Suzi Kerr
- Economics and Global Climate Cooperation, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY 10010
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric F Lambin
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sharachandra Lele
- Centre for Environment & Development, ATREE, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Messerli
- Wyss Academy for Nature at the University of Bern, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graciela Metternicht
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Darla K Munroe
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202
| | - Harini Nagendra
- School of Development, Azim Premji University 562125 Karnataka, India
| | - Jonas Østergaard Nielsen
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis S Ojima
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
- Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Dawn Cassandra Parker
- School of Planning, Faculty of the Environment, Waterloo Institute for Complexity and Innovation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Unai Pascual
- Centre for Environment and Development, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Basque Centre for Climate Change, BC3 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - John R Porter
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Navin Ramankutty
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Anette Reenberg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Karen C Seto
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Verena Seufert
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sustainable Use of Natural Resources (430c), Institute of Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hideaki Shibata
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, 060-0809 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Allison Thomson
- Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture, Washington, DC 20002
| | - Billie L Turner
- School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tom Veldkamp
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gete Zeleke
- Water and Land Resource Centre, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Erasmus K H J Zu Ermgassen
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique F.R.S.-FNRS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Ramírez-Delgado JP, Di Marco M, Watson JEM, Johnson CJ, Rondinini C, Corredor Llano X, Arias M, Venter O. Matrix condition mediates the effects of habitat fragmentation on species extinction risk. Nat Commun 2022; 13:595. [PMID: 35105881 PMCID: PMC8807630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss is the leading cause of the global decline in biodiversity, but the influence of human pressure within the matrix surrounding habitat fragments remains poorly understood. Here, we measure the relationship between fragmentation (the degree of fragmentation and the degree of patch isolation), matrix condition (measured as the extent of high human footprint levels), and the change in extinction risk of 4,426 terrestrial mammals. We find that the degree of fragmentation is strongly associated with changes in extinction risk, with higher predictive importance than life-history traits and human pressure variables. Importantly, we discover that fragmentation and the matrix condition are stronger predictors of risk than habitat loss and habitat amount. Moreover, the importance of fragmentation increases with an increasing deterioration of the matrix condition. These findings suggest that restoration of the habitat matrix may be an important conservation action for mitigating the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity. The influence of human pressure within the matrix surrounding habitat fragments remains poorly understood. This study measures the relationship between habitat fragmentation, matrix condition and the change in extinction risk of 4,426 terrestrial mammals, finding that fragmentation and matrix condition are stronger predictors of risk than habitat loss and habitat amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Ramírez-Delgado
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris J Johnson
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Xavier Corredor Llano
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Miguel Arias
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
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16
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Segre H, Carmel Y, Shwartz A. Economic and not ecological variables shape the sparing–sharing trade‐off in a mixed cropping landscape. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Segre
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion ‐ Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Yohay Carmel
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion ‐ Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Assaf Shwartz
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion ‐ Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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17
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Davis R, Abebe A, Boyd C, McNevin A. Exploring the relationship between production intensity and land use: A meta-analytic approach with shrimp aquaculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113719. [PMID: 34521002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp are one of the fastest growing commodities in aquaculture and have a considerable land footprint. Here, we explored the impact of utilizing different production methods (extensive vs intensive) for expanding shrimp production on the cumulative land footprint of shrimp aquaculture. A meta-analytic approach was utilized to simultaneously estimate model coefficients to explore three relationships: production intensity and total land burden, production intensity and the proportion of land at the farm, and production intensity and the farmland burden. A literature review was conducted and a total of 7 datasets, 22 subsets, and 973 individual farms were included in this study. The global models were as follows: model 1 → ln (total land burden) = 0.1165-0.3863 * ln (production intensity), model 2 → proportion of direct (farm) land use:total land use = 0.7592-0.1737 * ln (production intensity), model 3 → ln (direct land use) = 0.1991-0.9674 * ln (production intensity). Production expansion was modeled under different scenarios. The most land intensive projections involved using only extensive systems to increase production when compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The least land intensive scenario involved utilizing intensive systems. A scenario where farmland was not expanded used 17% less land and 28% less land to produce 7.5 and 10 million tons of shrimp, respectively, when compared to business-as-usual scenarios. These estimates are limited by uncertainty in shrimp feed composition but demonstrate the effect of production intensity on the overall land footprint of shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Davis
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, USA.
| | - Ash Abebe
- Auburn University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, USA
| | - Claude Boyd
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, USA
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18
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Van der Weyde LK, Theisinger O, Mbisana C, Gielen MC, Klein R. The value of pastoral ranches for wildlife conservation in the Kalahari. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Context Rangelands can play an important role in conservation by providing additional habitat for many threatened species and maintaining global biodiversity. Identifying areas that can integrate both pastoral and conservation activities is important for capturing benefits from wildlife in non-protected areas. Aims To investigate wildlife distribution in a contiguous landscape comprising both pastoral ranches and wildlife-based areas in western Botswana. Methods We deployed motion-activated camera traps to assess mammal richness and occupancy using a multi-species occupancy model. We tested whether environmental factors influenced these parameters in a commercial ranching block in the western Kalahari region of Botswana, and whether species-specific occupancy varied between ranches and neighbouring wildlife management areas. Key results In the ranching block, vegetation, season and distance to wildlife areas influenced species-specific occupancy and species richness, whereas farm type and water availability affected only a few carnivore species. Commercial ranches supported several threatened species such as African wild dog, cheetah and pangolin, and we detected two species, African civet and serval, not previously considered being present in this region. Mammal diversity was similar between ranches and wildlife areas, but species composition varied. Land use affected species-specific occupancy, with many carnivore species occurring close to or in wildlife areas. Conclusions We showed that commercial ranches in the Kalahari are utilised by many mammal species, and these areas may play an important role in the conservation of threatened species. Understanding species-, group- and community-level responses to the impacts of human activities in rangelands is vital as the need for pastoral land increases. Implications We predicted regions of high occurrence of carnivores that can be important for tackling human–wildlife conflict as well as regions with high species diversity that may be useful for increasing integration of conservation endeavours (e.g. eco-tourism) that promote the benefits of wildlife in predominantly livestock regions.
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19
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Douglas MR, Mussmann SM, Chafin TK, Anthonysamy WJB, Davis MA, Mulligan MP, Schooley RL, Louis W, Douglas ME. Population connectivity in voles (Microtus sp.) as a gauge for tall grass prairie restoration in midwestern North America. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260344. [PMID: 34882713 PMCID: PMC8659414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological restoration can promote biodiversity conservation in anthropogenically fragmented habitats, but effectiveness of these management efforts need to be statistically validated to determine ’success.’ One such approach is to gauge the extent of recolonization as a measure of landscape permeability and, in turn, population connectivity. In this context, we estimated dispersal and population connectivity in prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster; N = 231) and meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus; N = 83) within five tall-grass prairie restoration sites embedded within the agricultural matrix of midwestern North America. We predicted that vole dispersal would be constrained by the extent of agricultural land surrounding restored habitat patches, spatially isolating vole populations and resulting in significant genetic structure. We first employed genetic assignment tests based on 15 microsatellite DNA loci to validate field-derived species-designations, then tested reclassified samples with multivariate and Bayesian clustering to assay for spatial and temporal genetic structure. Population connectivity was further evaluated by calculating pairwise FST, then potential demographic effects explored by computing migration rates, effective population size (Ne), and average relatedness (r). Genetic species assignments reclassified 25% of initial field identifications (N = 11 M. ochrogaster; N = 67 M. pennsylvanicus). In M. ochrogaster population connectivity was high across the study area, reflected in little to no spatial or temporal genetic structure. In M. pennsylvanicus genetic structure was detected, but relatedness estimates identified it as kin-clustering instead, underscoring social behavior among populations rather than spatial isolation as the cause. Estimates of Ne and r were stable across years, reflecting high dispersal and demographic resilience. Combined, these metrics suggest the agricultural matrix is highly permeable for voles and does not impede dispersal. High connectivity observed confirms that the restored landscape is productive and permeable for specific management targets such as voles and also demonstrates population genetic assays as a tool to statistically evaluate effectiveness of conservation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlis R. Douglas
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven M. Mussmann
- Southwestern Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Dexter, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Tyler K. Chafin
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A. Davis
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Robert L. Schooley
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wade Louis
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Gibson City, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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20
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Reisinger A, Clark H, Cowie AL, Emmet-Booth J, Gonzalez Fischer C, Herrero M, Howden M, Leahy S. How necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200452. [PMID: 34565223 PMCID: PMC8480228 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the largest single source of global anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, with ruminants the dominant contributor. Livestock CH4 emissions are projected to grow another 30% by 2050 under current policies, yet few countries have set targets or are implementing policies to reduce emissions in absolute terms. The reason for this limited ambition may be linked not only to the underpinning role of livestock for nutrition and livelihoods in many countries but also diverging perspectives on the importance of mitigating these emissions, given the short atmospheric lifetime of CH4. Here, we show that in mitigation pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C, which include cost-effective reductions from all emission sources, the contribution of future livestock CH4 emissions to global warming in 2050 is about one-third of that from future net carbon dioxide emissions. Future livestock CH4 emissions, therefore, significantly constrain the remaining carbon budget and the ability to meet stringent temperature limits. We review options to address livestock CH4 emissions through more efficient production, technological advances and demand-side changes, and their interactions with land-based carbon sequestration. We conclude that bringing livestock into mainstream mitigation policies, while recognizing their unique social, cultural and economic roles, would make an important contribution towards reaching the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement and is vital for a limit of 1.5°C. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Clark
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Annette L. Cowie
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries/University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Jeremy Emmet-Booth
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos Gonzalez Fischer
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mario Herrero
- Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Cornell Atkinson Centre for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Mark Howden
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sinead Leahy
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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Sidemo‐Holm W, Ekroos J, Smith HG. Land sharing versus land sparing—What outcomes are compared between which land uses? CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Sidemo‐Holm
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
- AgriFood Economics Centre, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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Balmford A. Concentrating vs. spreading our footprint: how to meet humanity's needs at least cost to nature. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Balmford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Bruskotter JT, Vucetich JA, Gilbert SL, Carter NH, George KA. Tragic trade‐offs accompany carnivore coexistence in the modern world. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - John A. Vucetich
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Sophie L. Gilbert
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Neil H. Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Kelly A. George
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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24
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Does the Presence of Shade Trees and Distance to the Forest Affect Detection Rates of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Coffee Home Gardens? SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complex agroforestry systems can host similar biodiversity levels to adjacent continuous forests and can offer important ecosystem services for wildlife. Species inhabiting adjacent forests, as well as species that prefer agroforestry systems, can benefit from this habitat matrix. It is necessary, however, to understand the species-specific adaptability to such a complex matrix. Indonesia is a biodiversity hotspot and hosts many endemic species that are threatened with extinction. Its human population relies heavily on agriculture, meaning that finding a balance between crop productivity and biodiversity is key for the long-term sustainability of local communities and wildlife. We aim to determine the influence of the presence of shade trees and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife in coffee home gardens. In West Java, Indonesia, we monitored 23 gardens between April 2018 and March 2021 via camera traps, totalling 3856 days of monitoring in shade-grown and 3338 days in sun-exposed gardens. We also collected data in the nearby montane rainforest, totalling 1183 days of monitoring. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate the influence of shade cover and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife. The Sunda leopard cat Prionailurus javanensis was found more frequently in shade-grown gardens and used both the forest and agroforest matrix. Wild boars Sus scrofa mostly occurred in gardens adjacent to the forest, while barred buttonquails Turnix suscitator were associated with gardens far (>1 km) from the forest. Several species (civets Viverricula indica and Paradoxus musangus javanicus, Horsfield’s treeshrew Tupaia javanica, Javan ferret badger Melogale orientalis, Javan mongoose Herpestes javanicus) were not influenced by shade cover and distance to the forest, suggesting they are well adapted to the agroforestry system. Still, species of high conservation importance, such as Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas, Sunda porcupine Hystrix javanica, and grizzled langur Presbytis comata, were present in the forest but not in the agroforest, suggesting that the replacement of the forest by the agroforestry matrix is still detrimental. Nevertheless, it is important to maintain the complexity of the agroforestry system and connectivity with the neighbouring continuous forest to favour the long-term sustainability of this environment and the conservation of endemic species.
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Hamer KC, Sasu MA, Ofosuhene L, Asare R, Ossom B, Parr CL, Scriven SA, Asante W, Addico R, Hill JK. Proximity to forest mediates trade‐offs between yields and biodiversity of birds in oil palm smallholdings. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Sasu
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Nature Conservation Research Centre Accra Ghana
| | - Linda Ofosuhene
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Nature Conservation Research Centre Accra Ghana
| | | | | | - Catherine L. Parr
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Sarah A. Scriven
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Winston Asante
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | | | - Jane K. Hill
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK
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Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agroforestry as active area of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary research aims to bridge several artificial divides that have respectable historical roots but hinder progress toward sustainable development goals. These include: (1) The segregation of “forestry trees” and “agricultural crops”, ignoring the continuity in functional properties and functions; the farm-scale “Agroforestry-1” concept seeks to reconnect perennial and annual, woody and nonwoody plants across the forest–agriculture divide to markets for inputs and outputs. (2) The identification of agriculture with provisioning services and the assumed monopoly of forests on other ecosystem services (including hydrology, carbon storage, biodiversity conservation) in the landscape, challenged by the opportunity of “integrated” solutions at landscape scale as the “Agroforestry-2” concept explores. (3) The gaps among local knowledge of farmers/agroforesters as landscape managers, the contributions of social and ecological sciences, the path-dependency of forestry, environmental or agricultural institutions, and emerging policy responses to “issue attention cycles” in the public debate, as is the focus of the “Agroforestry-3” concept. Progress in understanding social–ecological–economic systems at the practitioners–science–policy interface requires that both instrumental and relational values of nature are appreciated, as they complement critical steps in progressing issue cycles at the three scales. A set of hypotheses can guide further research.
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Jost E, Schönhart M, Skalský R, Balkovič J, Schmid E, Mitter H. Dynamic soil functions assessment employing land use and climate scenarios at regional scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112318. [PMID: 33740746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils as key component of terrestrial ecosystems are under increasing pressures. As an advance to current static assessments, we present a dynamic soil functions assessment (SFA) to evaluate the current and future state of soils regarding their nutrient storage, water regulation, productivity, habitat and carbon sequestration functions for the case-study region in the Lower Austrian Mostviertel. Carbon response functions simulating the development of regional soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks until 2100 are used to couple established indicator-based SFA methodology with two climate and three land use scenarios, i.e. land sparing (LSP), land sharing (LSH), and balanced land use (LBA). Results reveal a dominant impact of land use scenarios on soil functions compared to the impact from climate scenarios and highlight the close link between SOC development and the quality of investigated soil functions, i.e. soil functionality. The soil habitat and soil carbon sequestration functions on investigated agricultural land are positively affected by maintenance of grassland under LSH (20% of the case-study region), where SOC stocks show a steady and continuous increase. By 2100 however, total regional SOC stocks are higher under LSP compared to LSH or LBA, due to extensive afforestation. The presented approach may improve integrative decision-making in land use planning processes. It bridges superordinate goals of sustainable development, such as climate change mitigation, with land use actions taken at local or regional scales. The dynamic SFA broadens the debate on LSH and LSP and can reduce trade-offs between soil functions through land use planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jost
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Wien, Austria.
| | - Martin Schönhart
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Wien, Austria
| | - Rastislav Skalský
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria; National Agricultural and Food Centre, Trenčianska 55, 821 09, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Balkovič
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria; Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erwin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Wien, Austria
| | - Hermine Mitter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180, Wien, Austria
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Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Pattern and Mechanism of Land Use Mixture: Evidence from China’s County Data. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mixture of agricultural and non-agricultural land-use represents a new pattern of urbanization in the Global South. This mixture has hindered the improvement of land-use productivity and makes it difficult to achieve the centralized disposal of pollutants, which has resulted in the waste of land resources and serious environmental problems. Although many studies have investigated land-use mixture, most of them remain descriptive and lack quantitative examination and an in-depth mechanism analysis. Using raster land-use data, this paper examines the spatiotemporal pattern of the land-use mixture in China between 1990 and 2015 by calculating join counts values supplemented by landscape metrics, and attempts to explain the regional variations in land-use mixtures in recent years. The results show that, between 2000 and 2010, land-use was more mixed in fast-growing regions such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong, and some major metropolises and mining cities, and that, between 2010 and 2015, land-use was more mixed in Central China. Additionally, the results of econometric models reveal that mixed land-use can be alleviated in regions with strict land planning and management, such as urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, as well as in areas with high levels of urbanization. Furthermore, the results of a spatial heterogeneity analysis show that strict land management has played an important role in reducing the land-use mixture in Eastern China; however, it has not played a significant role in Central China. The findings of this study suggest that land-use should be appropriately planned and managed to ensure sustainable development.
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Abstract
Beyond reducing deforestation, the control of forest degradation, the promotion of forest restoration, and the improvement of agricultural practices in the Brazilian Amazon are becoming increasingly important for sustainable development. To enable farmers and authorities to organize their landscapes and optimize both agricultural practices and the provision of ecosystem services, mapping land suitability is essential, but it is lacking in the region. In this paper, we present a method for mapping land suitability at a fine scale (30-m pixels), adapted to the needs of farmers and municipalities, to not only optimize agricultural production but also the ecosystem services provided by forests. We used topographic data from the Brazilian municipality of Paragominas to produce four maps, one each of soil texture, slope, floodplains, and hydrography, that we then combined into a single land suitability map. This map has been incorporated into a spatial database, which also contains information on land use, remoteness, and land tenure. We performed spatial analyses to measure the process of land use change, and to define indicators that enable local stakeholders to organize landscape restoration. We highlight an organic link between agricultural intensification and forest restoration, and provide a spatial tool for landscape design, assessment, and monitoring.
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30
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Betts MG, Phalan BT, Wolf C, Baker SC, Messier C, Puettmann KJ, Green R, Harris SH, Edwards DP, Lindenmayer DB, Balmford A. Producing wood at least cost to biodiversity: integrating Triad and sharing-sparing approaches to inform forest landscape management. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1301-1317. [PMID: 33663020 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Forest loss and degradation are the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Rising global wood demand threatens further damage to remaining native forests. Contrasting solutions across a continuum of options have been proposed, yet which of these offers most promise remains unresolved. Expansion of high-yielding tree plantations could free up forest land for conservation provided this is implemented in tandem with stronger policies for conserving native forests. Because plantations and other intensively managed forests often support far less biodiversity than native forests, a second approach argues for widespread adoption of extensive management, or 'ecological forestry', which better simulates natural forest structure and disturbance regimes - albeit with compromised wood yields and hence a need to harvest over a larger area. A third, hybrid suggestion involves 'Triad' zoning where the landscape is divided into three sorts of management (reserve, ecological/extensive management, and intensive plantation). Progress towards resolving which of these approaches holds the most promise has been hampered by the absence of a conceptual framework and of sufficient empirical data formally to identify the most appropriate landscape-scale proportions of reserves, extensive, and intensive management to minimize biodiversity impacts while meeting a given level of demand for wood. In this review, we argue that this central challenge for sustainable forestry is analogous to that facing food-production systems, and that the land sharing-sparing framework devised to establish which approach to farming could meet food demand at least cost to wild species can be readily adapted to assess contrasting forest management regimes. We develop this argument in four ways: (i) we set out the relevance of the sharing-sparing framework for forestry and explore the degree to which concepts from agriculture can translate to a forest management context; (ii) we make design recommendations for empirical research on sustainable forestry to enable application of the sharing-sparing framework; (iii) we present overarching hypotheses which such studies could test; and (iv) we discuss potential pitfalls and opportunities in conceptualizing landscape management through a sharing-sparing lens. The framework we propose will enable forest managers worldwide to assess trade-offs directly between conservation and wood production and to determine the mix of management approaches that best balances these (and other) competing objectives. The results will inform ecologically sustainable forest policy and management, reduce risks of local and global extinctions from forestry, and potentially improve a valuable sector's social license to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin T Phalan
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brazil.,Parque das Aves, Av. das Cataratas, 12450 - Vila Yolanda, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, 85855-750, Brazil
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Susan C Baker
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Klaus J Puettmann
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Rhys Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - Scott H Harris
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
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31
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Are There Any Undesired Effects of Anti-Land Fragmentation Programs on Farm Production Practices and Farm Input Use? LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most policies designed to reduce land fragmentation involve land consolidation. However, research examining the relationship between agricultural zoning and land fragmentation has not yet been explored. This paper considers the causal impact of an anti-land fragmentation policy on farmland use and farm production inputs relevant to environmental quality using a population-based census survey of farm households in Taiwan. Using the regression discontinuity method, we found that the anti-land fragmentation policy reduced the proportion of farmland used in farm production and environmental conservation by 2.4% and 2.6%, respectively. The policy also impacted the proportion of farmland using fertilizers, irrigation systems, and underground water. Our results show that anti-land fragmentation policies must be carefully designed to avoid negatively impacting farmland use and the environment.
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32
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Fostering a Wildlife-Friendly Program for Sustainable Coffee Farming: The Case of Small-Holder Farmers in Indonesia. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a global transition to sustainable and wildlife-friendly farming systems that provide social and economic equity and protect ecosystem services on which agriculture depends. Java is home to 60% of Indonesia’s population and harbors many endemic species; thus, managing agriculture alongside human well-being and biodiversity is vital. Within a community of ~400 coffee farmers in the province of West Java, we assessed the steps to develop a wildlife-friendly program until reaching certification between February 2019 and October 2020. We adopted an adaptive management approach that included developing common objectives through a process of stakeholder consultation and co-learning. We firstly investigated via interviews the expectations and the issues encountered by 25 farmers who converted to organic production in 2016. Their main expectations were an increase in income and an increase in coffee quality, while they had issues mainly in finding high quality fertilizers, reducing pests, and increasing productivity. We used this information to establish a problem-solving plan for the transition to community-wide wildlife-friendly practices. As part of the adaptive evaluation, we assessed the quality of coffee plantations before and after the implementation of coproduced actions. The quality of coffee significantly improved after our interventions to reduce the coffee berry borer, especially in the fields that started as inorganic and converted to organic. We uncovered additional issues to meet the standards for certification, including banning hunting and trapping activities and increasing coffee quality for international export. We describe the coproduced actions (agroforestry, conservation education, local law, organic alternatives) and phases of the program and discuss the potential barriers. We provide novel evidence of adaptive management framework successfully used to implement management actions and reach shared goals.
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Laca EA. Multi-Scape Interventions to Match Spatial Scales of Demand and Supply of Ecosystem Services. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.607276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The original focus on supply of ecosystem services is shifting toward matching supply and demand. This new focus underlines the need to consider not only the amount of ecosystem services but also their spatial and temporal distributions relative to demand. Ecosystem functions and services have characteristic or salient scales that are defined by the scales at which the producing organisms or communities exist and function. Provision of ecosystem services (ES) and functions can be managed optimally by controlling the spatio-temporal distribution of landscape and community components. A simple model represents distributions of ES as kernels centered at the location of interventions such as grassland restoration or establishment of nesting habitat for pollinators. Distribution kernels allow non-habitat patches to receive ecosystem services from species they cannot support. Simulations for three contrasting ES producing organisms (bumblebees, Northern Harriers, and oak trees) show the effects of interacting distribution of interventions and demand for ES. More ES demand is met when the intervention is spread out in the landscape and demand is evenly distributed, particularly when the kernel radius is much larger than the minimum intervention required for the ES producing unit to be established. Because different functions have different reaches and saturation points, the level of ES demand met at any point in space can be modulated by controlling the spatial distribution of landscape components created by interventions. Different ES can be promoted by the same type and quantity of intervention by controlling the continuum of scales in the distribution of interventions. This work provides a conceptual and quantitative basis to consider the spatial design of interventions to match ES supply and demand.
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Conflicts between agriculture and biodiversity conservation in Europe: Looking to the future by learning from the past. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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The Land Sparing, Water Surface Use Efficiency, and Water Surface Transformation of Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installations. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12198154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Floating photovoltaic solar energy installations (FPVs) represent a new type of water surface use, potentially sparing land needed for agriculture and conservation. However, standardized metrics for the land sparing and resource use efficiencies of FPVs are absent. These metrics are critical to understanding the environmental and ecological impacts that FPVs may potentially exhibit. Here, we compared techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of four FPVs spanning different climatic regimes. Next, we defined and quantified the land sparing and water surface use efficiency (WSUE) of each FPV. Lastly, we coined and calculated the water surface transformation (WST) using generation data at the world’s first FPV (Far Niente Winery, California). The four FPVs spare 59,555 m2 of land and have a mean land sparing ratio of 2.7:1 m2 compared to ground-mounted PVs. Mean direct and total capacity-based WSUE is 94.5 ± 20.1 SD Wm−2 and 35.2 ± 27.4 SD Wm−2, respectively. Direct and total generation-based WST at Far Niente is 9.3 and 13.4 m2 MWh−1 yr−1, respectively; 2.3 times less area than ground-mounted utility-scale PVs. Our results reveal diverse techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of FPVs, the capacity of FPVs to spare land, and the utility of WSUE and WST metrics.
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Abstract
Agricultural land expansion and intensification, driven by human consumption of agricultural goods, are among the major threats to environmental degradation and biodiversity conservation. Land degradation can ultimately hamper agricultural production through a decrease in ecosystem services. Thus, designing viable land use policies is a key sustainability challenge. We develop a model describing the coupled dynamics of human demography and landscape composition, while imposing a trade-off between agricultural expansion and in-tensification. We model land use strategies spanning from low-intensity agriculture and high land conversion rates per person to high-intensity agriculture and low land conversion rates per person; and explore their consequences on the long-term dynamics of the coupled human-land system. We seek to characterise the strategies' viability in the long run; and understand the mechanisms that potentially lead to large-scale land degradation and population collapse due to resource scarcity. We show that the viability of land use strategies strongly depends on the land's intrinsic recovery rate. We also find that socio-ecological collapses occur when agricultural intensification is not accompanied by a sufficient decrease in land conversion. Based on these findings we stress the dangers of uninformed land use planning and the importance of precautionary behaviour for land use management and land use policy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bengochea Paz
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Kirsten Henderson
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
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Abstract
One of humanity’s most significant challenges in the process of attaining the established sustainability goals is balancing the growing human demand for food and the need to conserve biodiversity. This challenge requires appropriate land uses that are able to conserve biodiversity while ensuring ample food supply. This study compares bird species diversity and abundance in areas undergoing land sharing and land sparing in northeastern Bangladesh (West Bhanugach Reserved Forest). Birds serve as useful biologic indicators because of their presence within different trophic levels and their well-studied ecology. To survey birds, we selected a total of 66 sampling sites within land-sharing (33) and land-sparing (33) land-use areas. Between May and June 2017, we observed and recorded bird calls within a 50-m radius around each sampling site. We counted 541 individuals from 46 species of birds. The Shannon bird diversity was higher in the land-sparing sites (1.52) than in the land-sharing sites (1.23). We found approximately 30% more bird species (39 vs. 30) and 40% more individuals (318 vs. 223) in the land-sparing areas than land-sharing areas. Three bird species, Arachnothera longirostra, Micropternus brachyurus and Copsychus malabaricus, were significantly associated with the land-sparing sites. This study shows that land sharing negatively affects bird diversity, richness and abundance compared to land-sparing. The use of chemical fertilizers and the lack of food, such as insects, for birds can explain the lower diversity, richness and abundance of birds in the land-sharing areas. Although land sharing is an effective means of producing food, land sparing is the most effective land-use practice for preserving bird diversity in northeastern Bangladesh.
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Gasselin P, Lardon S, Cerdan C, Loudiyi S, Sautier D. The coexistence of agricultural and food models at the territorial scale: an analytical framework for a research agenda. REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 2020; 101:339-361. [PMID: 38624416 PMCID: PMC7374664 DOI: 10.1007/s41130-020-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a research agenda for situations of coexistence of territorial agricultural and food models. Indeed, new agricultural and food models are being deployed at the territorial scale in response to criticisms of existing models and to meet new challenges. These new models embody archetypes of observed diversity, actors' projects or standards. We use a bibliographic review and six seminars organized between 2015 and 2017 to propose an analytical framework based on four major dimensions of territorial development: the tension between specialization and diversification, innovation, adaptation and transition of food systems. We show that it is essential to understand the interactions between territorial agricultural and food models (confrontation, complementarity, coevolution, hybridization, etc.), going beyond just the characterization of the diversity of models and the evaluation of their relative performances. We conclude by highlighting the original aspects of the proposed analytical framework, its methodological challenges and the expected consequences for providing support to agricultural and food development in urban and rural territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gasselin
- Innovation, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Lardon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AgroParisTech, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Territoires, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Cerdan
- Innovation, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR INNOVATION, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, Réunion France
| | - Salma Loudiyi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AgroParisTech, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Territoires, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Sautier
- Innovation, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR INNOVATION, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Fahrig L, Tabarelli M, Watling JI, Tischendorf L, Benchimol M, Cazetta E, Faria D, Leal IR, Melo FPL, Morante-Filho JC, Santos BA, Arasa-Gisbert R, Arce-Peña N, Cervantes-López MJ, Cudney-Valenzuela S, Galán-Acedo C, San-José M, Vieira ICG, Slik JWF, Nowakowski AJ, Tscharntke T. Designing optimal human-modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1404-1420. [PMID: 32537896 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture and development transform forest ecosystems to human-modified landscapes. Decades of research in ecology have generated myriad concepts for the appropriate management of these landscapes. Yet, these concepts are often contradictory and apply at different spatial scales, making the design of biodiversity-friendly landscapes challenging. Here, we combine concepts with empirical support to design optimal landscape scenarios for forest-dwelling species. The supported concepts indicate that appropriately sized landscapes should contain ≥ 40% forest cover, although higher percentages are likely needed in the tropics. Forest cover should be configured with c. 10% in a very large forest patch, and the remaining 30% in many evenly dispersed smaller patches and semi-natural treed elements (e.g. vegetation corridors). Importantly, the patches should be embedded in a high-quality matrix. The proposed landscape scenarios represent an optimal compromise between delivery of goods and services to humans and preserving most forest wildlife, and can therefore guide forest preservation and restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Lutz Tischendorf
- ELUTIS Modelling and Consulting Inc, Ottawa, ON, K2A 1X4, Canada
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Jose C Morante-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ricard Arasa-Gisbert
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Norma Arce-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Martín J Cervantes-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Sabine Cudney-Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Carmen Galán-Acedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Miriam San-José
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, CP 399, Belém, Pará, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei, Darussalam
| | - A Justin Nowakowski
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.,Working Land and Seascapes, Conservation Commons, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Leahy S, Clark H, Reisinger A. Challenges and Prospects for Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Pathways Consistent With the Paris Agreement. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Case BS, Pannell JL, Stanley MC, Norton DA, Brugman A, Funaki M, Mathieu C, Songling C, Suryaningrum F, Buckley HL. The roles of non‐production vegetation in agroecosystems: A research framework for filling process knowledge gaps in a social‐ecological context. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Case
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Pannell
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret C. Stanley
- Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora - School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - David A. Norton
- Te Kura Ngahere - School of Forestry University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Anoek Brugman
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Matt Funaki
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Chloé Mathieu
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Cao Songling
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
- College of Life Science Neijiang Normal University Neijiang China
| | - Febyana Suryaningrum
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Hannah L. Buckley
- Te Kura Pūtaiao - School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
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Douglas MR, Anthonysamy WJB, Mussmann SM, Davis MA, Louis W, Douglas ME. Multi-targeted management of upland game birds at the agroecosystem interface in midwestern North America. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230735. [PMID: 32339176 PMCID: PMC7185590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its imperative, biodiversity conservation is chronically underfunded, a deficiency that often forces management agencies to prioritize. Single-species recovery thus becomes a focus (often with socio-political implications), whereas a more economical approach would be the transition to multi-targeted management (= MTM). This challenge is best represented in Midwestern North America where biodiversity has been impacted by 300+ years of chronic anthropogenic disturbance such that native tall-grass prairie is now supplanted by an agroecosystem. Here, we develop an MTM with a population genetic metric to collaboratively manage three Illinois upland gamebirds: common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus; pheasant), northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus; quail), and threatened-endangered (T&E) greater prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus; prairie chicken). We first genotyped our study pheasant at 19 microsatellite DNA loci and identified three captive breeding stocks (N = 143; IL Department of Natural Resources) as being significantly bottlenecked, with relatedness >1st-cousin (μR = 0.158). 'Wild' (non-stocked) pheasant [N = 543; 14 Pheasant-Habitat-Areas (PHAs)] were also bottlenecked, significantly interrelated (μR = 0.150) and differentiated (μFST = 0.047), yet distinct from propagation stock. PHAs that encompassed significantly with larger areas also reflected greater effective population sizes (μNE = 43; P<0.007). We juxtaposed these data against previously published results for prairie chicken and quail, and found population genetic structure driven by drift, habitat/climate impacts, and gender-biased selection via hunter-harvest. Each species (hunter-harvested or T&E) is independently managed, yet their composite population genetic baseline provides the quantitative criteria needed for an upland game bird MTM. Its implementation would require agricultural plots to be rehabilitated/reclaimed using a land-sharing/sparing portfolio that differs markedly from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), where sequestered land decreases as agricultural prices escalate. Cost-savings for an MTM would accrue by synchronizing single-species management with a dwindling hunter-harvest program, and by eliminating propagation/stocking programs. This would sustain not only native grasslands and their resident species, but also accelerate conservation at the wildlife-agroecosystem interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlis R. Douglas
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | - Steven M. Mussmann
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Davis
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wade Louis
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Gibson City, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Watteyn C, Fremout T, Karremans AP, Huarcaya RP, Azofeifa Bolaños JB, Reubens B, Muys B. Vanilla distribution modeling for conservation and sustainable cultivation in a joint land sparing/sharing concept. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Watteyn
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Adam P. Karremans
- Lankester Botanical Garden University of Costa Rica P.O. Box 302‐7050 Cartago Costa Rica
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Endless Forms Group Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - José B. Azofeifa Bolaños
- Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica P.O. Box 86‐3000, Getsemani de Barva de Heredia Heredia Costa Rica
- School of Biological Sciences Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica P.O. Box 86‐3000, Campus Omar Dengo Heredia Costa Rica
| | - Bert Reubens
- Plant Sciences Unit Flanders Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Burgemeester van Gansberghelaan 109 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
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Western D, Tyrrell P, Brehony P, Russell S, Western G, Kamanga J. Conservation from the inside‐out: Winning space and a place for wildlife in working landscapes. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Tyrrell
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- South Rift Association of Landowners Nairobi Kenya
| | - Peadar Brehony
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Guy Western
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- South Rift Association of Landowners Nairobi Kenya
| | - John Kamanga
- South Rift Association of Landowners Nairobi Kenya
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Khasanah N, van Noordwijk M, Slingerland M, Sofiyudin M, Stomph D, Migeon AF, Hairiah K. Oil Palm Agroforestry Can Achieve Economic and Environmental Gains as Indicated by Multifunctional Land Equivalent Ratios. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Baudron F, Tomscha SA, Powell B, Groot JCJ, Gergel SE, Sunderland T. Testing the Various Pathways Linking Forest Cover to Dietary Diversity in Tropical Landscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Koch J, Schaldach R, Göpel J. Can agricultural intensification help to conserve biodiversity? A scenario study for the African continent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:29-37. [PMID: 31229783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the production of food, feed, bioenergy, and biomaterials has increased considerably during the past decades. This was achieved by the expansion of agricultural land and the intensification of agricultural management. Due to the conversion of natural ecosystems and the increasing use of pesticides and fertilizers, these processes are recognized as important causes of biodiversity loss. This study focuses on the African continent and analyses the potentials to achieve a stable food provision for a growing population, and at the same time, reduce further losses of biodiversity. These targets are important elements of the UN Agenda 2030. Using the spatially explicit land-use model LandSHIFT, we assessed the effectiveness of different land-sparing and land-sharing strategies to achieve these targets until the year 2030. The simulation results indicate that under the assumptions tested, the land sparing approach yields the most desirable results both, on the continental and the regional level. However, the land sharing/sparing framework in general, and the research presented here only analyse the effect of two factors of many (food production and biodiversity conservation). Hence, this study should not be understood to provide specific management recommendations. Further studies, from the regional to the local level, are required that apply a systems approach to understand and explain the multiple dimensions of sustainable food production on the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koch
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| | - Rüdiger Schaldach
- Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jan Göpel
- Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Finch T, Gillings S, Green RE, Massimino D, Peach WJ, Balmford A. Bird conservation and the land sharing-sparing continuum in farmland-dominated landscapes of lowland England. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1045-1055. [PMID: 30900280 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence from many regions suggests that most species would be least negatively affected if human food demand were met through high-yield agricultural production and conservation of nonfarm ecosystems (land sparing), rather than through wildlife-friendly farming over a larger area (land sharing). However, repeated glaciation and a long history of agriculture may lead to different results in regions such as western Europe. We compared the consequences of land sparing and land sharing on breeding bird species in 2 lowland regions of England, The Fens, with 101 species, and Salisbury Plain, with 83. We derived density-yield responses for each species and then estimated regional population size under regional food production strategies, including land sharing and land sparing, a range of intermediate strategies, and a novel mixed strategy. In both regions, more species achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing than land sharing. In The Fens, the majority of birds were loser species (estimated to have smaller populations under all food production strategies than in the preagricultural baseline scenario), whereas in Salisbury Plain the majority were winners (smaller populations in the preagricultural baseline scenario). Loser species overwhelmingly achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing, whereas winner species achieved maximum regional population size under either land sharing or an intermediate strategy, highlighting the importance of defining which groups of species are the target of conservation. A novel 3-compartment strategy (combining high-yield farming, natural habitat, and low-yield farming) often performed better than either land sharing or land sparing. Our results support intermediate or 3-compartment land-sparing strategies to maximize bird populations across lowland agricultural landscapes. To deliver conservation outcomes, any shift toward land sparing must, however, ensure yield increases are sustainable in the long term, do not entail increased negative effects on surrounding areas, and are linked to allocation of land for nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Finch
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Rhys E Green
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Will J Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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Bro-Jørgensen J, Franks DW, Meise K. Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190008. [PMID: 31352890 PMCID: PMC6710565 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of environmental change on the reproduction and survival of wildlife is often behaviourally mediated, placing behavioural ecology in a central position to quantify population- and community-level consequences of anthropogenic threats to biodiversity. This theme issue demonstrates how recent conceptual and methodological advances in the discipline are applied to inform conservation. The issue highlights how the focus in behavioural ecology on understanding variation in behaviour between individuals, rather than just measuring the population mean, is critical to explaining demographic stochasticity and thereby reducing fuzziness of population models. The contributions also show the importance of knowing the mechanisms by which behaviour is achieved, i.e. the role of learning, reasoning and instincts, in order to understand how behaviours change in human-modified environments, where their function is less likely to be adaptive. More recent work has thus abandoned the 'adaptationist' paradigm of early behavioural ecology and increasingly measures evolutionary processes directly by quantifying selection gradients and phenotypic plasticity. To support quantitative predictions at the population and community levels, a rich arsenal of modelling techniques has developed, and interdisciplinary approaches show promising prospects for predicting the effectiveness of alternative management options, with the social sciences, movement ecology and epidemiology particularly pertinent. The theme issue furthermore explores the relevance of behaviour for global threat assessment, and practical advice is given as to how behavioural ecologists can augment their conservation impact by carefully selecting and promoting their study systems, and increasing their engagement with local communities, natural resource managers and policy-makers. Its aim to uncover the nuts and bolts of how natural systems work positions behavioural ecology squarely in the heart of conservation biology, where its perspective offers an all-important complement to more descriptive 'big-picture' approaches to priority setting. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bro-Jørgensen
- Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Daniel W. Franks
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, UK
| | - Kristine Meise
- Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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