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Cunha M, Nardi A, Henriques B, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Regoli F, Freitas R. The role of the macroalgae Ulva lactuca on the cellular effects of neodymium and mercury in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:141908. [PMID: 38615948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly being studied mainly due to their economic importance and wide range of applications, but also for their rising environmental concentrations and potential environmental and ecotoxicological impacts. Among REEs, neodymium (Nd) is widely used in lasers, glass additives, and magnets. Currently, NdFeB-based permanent magnets are the most significant components of electronic devices and Nd is used because of its magnetic properties. In addition to REEs, part of the environmental pollution related to electrical and electronic equipment, fluorescent lamps and batteries also comes from mercury (Hg). Since both elements persist in ecosystems and are continuously accumulated by marine organisms, a promising approach for water decontamination has emerged. Through a process known as sorption, live marine macroalgae can be used, especially Ulva lactuca, to accumulate potential toxic elements from the water. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cellular toxicity of Nd and Hg in Mytilus galloprovincialis, comparing the biochemical effects induced by these elements in the presence or absence of the macroalgae U. lactuca. The results confirmed that Hg was more toxic to mussels than Nd, but also showed the good capability of U. lactuca in preventing the onset of cellular disturbance and homeostasis disruption in M. galloprovincialis by reducing bioavailable Hg levels. Overall, the biochemical parameters evaluated related to metabolism, antioxidant and biotransformation defences, redox balance, and cellular damage, showed that algae could prevent biological effects in mussels exposed to Hg compared to those exposed to Nd. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field, namely the understanding of the impacts of different elements on bivalves and the crucial role of algae in the protection of other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cunha
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90131, Italy
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90131, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Owonikoko WM, Alimba CG. Systematic literature review of heavy metal contamination of the Nigerian environment from e-waste management: Associated health and carcinogenic risk assessment. Toxicology 2024; 505:153811. [PMID: 38653375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
E-waste -the aftermath of large amount of electrical and electronic equipment ferried into Africa from which Nigeria receives a significant chunk, is composed of components known to be hazardous to health. Composition of series of heavy metals (HMs) in e-waste is traceable to many health conditions including cancer which is hitherto incompletely understood. This study harmonizes primary data on HMs from e-waste in different Nigerian environmental media including the air, soil, surface dust, water and plant. We estimated the possible health implications, single and aggregative soil and water pollution indices both in adult and children categories, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks secondary to HM exposure and mapped out the possible mechanism of carcinogenesis. Analysis showed that soil, water, surface dust and plant matrices in Nigerian environment are variedly but considerably contaminated with combination of HMs. The significantly high values of the hazard quotient and hazard index of both water and surface dust matrices are indicative of adverse health effect of the non-carcinogenic risk. The highest HQ is generated by Pb and Cr through dermal exposure to soil and surface dust with mean values of 1718.48, 1146.14, 1362.10 and 1794.61 respectively among Nigerian children followed by the oral exposure. This pattern of observation is similar to that obtained for adult category. HI due to Pb and Cr in soil constitutes the highest HI (2.05E+03 and 1.18E+03 respectively) followed by surface dust. However, this study precipitates the observation that children are more at health risk than adults in contaminated environment. Carcinogenic risk also follows the same pattern of expression in the Nigerian environment. We conclude that exposure to e-waste poses significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks and the induction of toxicity may be mediated via DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory/immune cells dysfunction in Nigerian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Owonikoko
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - C G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund 44139, Germany.
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Tasnim A, Chowdhury R, Mim SJ, Ng KTW, Adu-Darko H. Influence of Canadian provincial stewardship model attributes on the cost effectiveness of e-waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120945. [PMID: 38652986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of e-waste collection and management trends across six Canadian provinces, focusing on e-waste collection rates, provincial stewardship model attributes, program strategies and budget allocations from 2013 to 2020. Temporal and regression analyses were conducted using data from Electronic Product Recycling Association reports. A group characterization based on geographical proximity is proposed, aiming to explore the potential outcomes of fostering collaboration among neighboring provinces. The analysis emphasizes the significant impact of stewardship model attributes on e-waste collection rates, with Quebec emerging as a standout case, showcasing a remarkable 61.5% surge in collection rates. Findings from group analysis reveal a positive correlation between per capita e-waste collection rate and the growth of businesses and collection sites in Western Canada (Group A - British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). This highlights the potential benefits of a coordinated waste management approach, emphasizing the importance of shared resources and collaborative policies. Saskatchewan and Manitoba allocated only 6.6% and 7.0% of their respective budgets to e-waste transfer and storage. British Columbia's observed steady decrease of e-waste collection rate. In Group A, stewards handled 2.18-13.95 tonnes of e-waste during the study period. The cost per tonne of e-waste tended to be lower when more e-waste is managed per steward, suggesting the potential benefits of an integrated e-waste collection and management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Tasnim
- Environmental Systems Engineering, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
| | - Rumpa Chowdhury
- Environmental Systems Engineering, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
| | - Sharmin Jahan Mim
- Environmental Systems Engineering, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
| | - Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng
- Environmental Systems Engineering, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
| | - Hillary Adu-Darko
- Environmental Systems Engineering, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
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Njoku A, Agbalenyo M, Laude J, Ajibola TF, Attah MA, Sarko SB. Environmental Injustice and Electronic Waste in Ghana: Challenges and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 38248490 PMCID: PMC10815197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) or discarded electronic devices that are unwanted, not working, or have reached their end of life pose significant threats to human and environmental health. This is a major concern in Africa, where the majority of e-waste is discarded. In the year 2021, an estimated 57.4 million metric tons of e-waste were generated worldwide. Globally, COVID-19 lockdowns have contributed to increased e-waste generation. Although Africa generates the least of this waste, the continent has been the dumping ground for e-waste from the developed world. The flow of hazardous waste from the prosperous 'Global North' to the impoverished 'Global South' is termed "toxic colonialism". Agbogbloshie, Ghana, an e-waste hub where about 39% of e-waste was treated, was listed among the top 10 most polluted places in the world. The discard of e-waste in Ghana presents an issue of environmental injustice, defined as the disproportionate exposure of communities of color and low-income communities to pollution, its associated health and environmental effects, and the unequal environmental protection provided through policies. Despite the economic benefits of e-waste, many civilians (low-income earners, settlers, children, and people with minimal education) are exposed to negative health effects due to poverty, lack of education, and weak regulations. We critically examine the existing literature to gather empirical information on e-waste and environmental injustice. Comprehensive policies and regulations are needed to manage e-waste locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuli Njoku
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
| | - Martin Agbalenyo
- Southwestern AHEC, Inc., 5 Research Drive, Shelton, CT 06484, USA;
| | - Janaya Laude
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
| | - Taiwo Folake Ajibola
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Mavis Asiwome Attah
- Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Akuapem North Municipal Assembly, Akropong-Akuapem P.O. Box 100, Ghana;
| | - Samuel Bruce Sarko
- Department of International Development, Presbyterian University, Akropong-Akuapem P.O. Box 393, Ghana;
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Andrade M, Soares AMVM, Solé M, Pereira E, Freitas R. Gadolinium accumulation and its biochemical effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis under a scenario of global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116120-116133. [PMID: 37910362 PMCID: PMC10682062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and electronic equipment reaching the end of its useful life is currently being disposed of at such an alarmingly high pace that raises environmental concerns. Together with other potentially dangerous compounds, electronic waste contains the rare-earth element gadolinium (Gd), which has already been reported in aquatic systems. Additionally, the vulnerability of aquatic species to this element may also be modified when climate change related factors, like increase in temperature, are taken into consideration. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Gd under a scenario of increased temperature in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels. A multi-biomarker approach and Gd bioaccumulation were assessed in mussels exposed for 28 days to 0 and 10 μg/L of Gd at two temperatures (control - 17 °C; increased - 22 °C). Results confirmed that temperature had a strong influence on the bioaccumulation of Gd. Moreover, mussels exposed to Gd alone reduced their metabolism, possibly to prevent further accumulation, and despite catalase and glutathione S-transferases were activated, cellular damage seen as increased lipid peroxidation was not avoided. Under enhanced temperature, cellular damage in Gd-exposed mussels was even greater, as defense mechanisms were not activated, possibly due to heat stress. In fact, with increased temperature alone, organisms experienced a general metabolic depression, particularly evidenced in defense enzymes, similar to the results obtained under Gd-exposure. Overall, this study underlines the importance of conducting environmental risk assessment taking into consideration anticipated climate change scenarios and exposures to emerging contaminants at relevant environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Departamento de Recursos Marinos Renovables, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Bimpong FAK, Asibey MO, Inkoom DKB. Ghana's recently introduced e-waste regulatory policy: A hope for a better e-waste sector? WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023:734242X231204457. [PMID: 37904506 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231204457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste), often dominated by the informal sector, has had adverse effects on recipient developing countries' economies, health and physical environment. Ghana, over the years, has had support from international organisations to manage its e-waste crisis. Until 2016, there was no e-waste specific policy to guide the management of the sector. In 2016, Ghana passed a regulatory policy - Act 917 - to specifically deal with e-waste, supported by other frameworks such as a regulatory instrument (L.I. 2250), a technical guideline for environmentally sound e-waste management and an e-waste-specific policy, which is currently being developed. However, there is dearth of research on how effectively a regulatory policy such as Act 917 can help address an informally dominated sector whose crude recycling approaches have had great environmental and health impacts. Adapting the analytical framework and intervention theory, key stakeholders within the e-waste sector were interviewed on: the effectiveness of the Act, the challenges confronting them and their involvement in the design and implementation processes. The findings showed that stakeholders were represented at various stages of the process. Informal recyclers were provided with training programmes, health centres and an incentive scheme to minimise burning of electrical and electronic equipment. There however exist many challenges to the sound management of the sector, particularly, the lack of end-to-end recycling facilities, registering and formalising the sector and sequencing of the e-waste policy and regulatory framework. The research concludes by recommending areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Osei Asibey
- Department of Planning, College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Kweku Baah Inkoom
- Department of Planning, College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Owusu E, Blankson ER, Awunyo RG, Adams Y, Oduro V, Kpakpo BS, Gbogbo F. Trace metal load of two urban wetlands with varied catchment activities in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1140. [PMID: 37665409 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in sediment, water, and biota at Vaughan Dam which receives limited sewage effluent discharge from residential areas, and Korle Lagoon which receives industrial effluents, electronic waste, garages-spill oil and a host of others in addition to residential sewage effluent discharge. Samples were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The results showed that concentrations of trace metals were generally higher in the sediment, water, and plants from the Korle Lagoon but only Cu in the sediment of Korle Lagoon showed a significantly high concentration. The similarities in the rank orders of the metal concentrations together with the dominance of Zn and Pb in most compartments of the wetlands indicated major differences did not exist in the contaminant input to the two wetlands except electronic waste recycling and disposal that resulted in significantly high copper concentrations in the sediment of Korle Lagoon. No evidence of biomagnification was determined along the food chains of the Vaughan Dam and the Korle Lagoon for all the metals studied.The Tilapia zilli from Vaughan Dam, the only biota that is regularly consumed from the wetlands, had Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As concentrations above FAO/WHO permissible limits and therefore pose a health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Owusu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 55. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Robert Blankson
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Gyesiwaah Awunyo
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yassin Adams
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vera Oduro
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Brown Shadrack Kpakpo
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Gbogbo
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 67. Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Bharathi SD, Dilshani A, Rishivanthi S, Khaitan P, Vamsidhar A, Jacob S. Resource Recycling, Recovery, and Xenobiotic Remediation from E-wastes Through Biofilm Technology: A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5669-5692. [PMID: 35796946 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Around 50 million tonnes of electronic waste has been generated globally per year, causing an environmental hazard and negative effects on human health, such as infertility and thyroid disorders in adults, endocrine and neurological damage in both animals and humans, and impaired mental and physical development in children. Out of that, only 15% is recycled each year and the remaining is disposed of in a landfill, illegally traded or burned, and treated in a sub-standard way. The processes of recycling are challenged by the presence of brominated flame retardants. The different recycling technologies such as the chemical and mechanical methods have been well studied, while the most promising approach is the biological method. The process of utilizing microbes to decontaminate and degrade a wide range of pollutants into harmless products is known as bioremediation and it is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable method. The bioremediation process is significantly aided by biofilm communities attached to electronic waste because they promote substrate bioavailability, metabolite transfer, and cell viability, all of which accelerate bioleaching and biodegradation. Microbes existing in biofilm mode relatable to free-floating planktonic cells are advantageous of bioremediation due to their tolerant ability to environmental stress and pollutants through diverse catabolic pathways. This article discusses the harmful effects of electronic waste and its management using biological strategies especially biofilm-forming communities for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Deepika Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswin Dilshani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Rishivanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratham Khaitan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adhinarayan Vamsidhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Andeobu L, Wibowo S, Grandhi S. Informal E-waste recycling practices and environmental pollution in Africa: What is the way forward? Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114192. [PMID: 37348165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, e-waste is the fastest growing and most valuable waste-stream. While countries worldwide are increasingly acknowledging the e-waste problem and introducing policies and regulations that deal with e-waste, large quantities of e-waste still go undocumented. Much of these global e-wastes are accumulating in open-dumpsites and landfills in African-countries where they are recycled informally resulting in significant environmental and public-health concerns. Although, there is a plethora of studies on e-waste management and disposal, only a few-studies have focused on African-countries who are major recipients of e-waste. Moreover, despite the attempts to mitigate the problem of e-waste in African-countries, e-waste has remained a major-concern and there are currently very limited workable solutions. This study examines informal e-waste recycling, environmental pollution and the extent of environmental and health impacts in major countries of concern including Ghana, Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. The global e-waste Waste Atlas Report, 2020 identified these countries as major recipients of e-waste. To achieve the aims of this research, previous studies from 2005 to 2022 are collected from various databases and analyzed. Accordingly, this study focuses on environmental pollution and public-health impacts resulting from e-waste dumping and informal recycling practices, illegal transboundary shipment of e-waste to the selected countries, and the interventions of governments and international organizations in reducing the impact of e-waste pollution and informal recycling practices in Africa. Based on the outcomes of this study, practical approaches on the way-forward are recommended. The findings of this study contribute to a growing-body of research on informal e-waste recycling practices in Africa to document that individuals working within e-waste sites and residents in nearby communities are exposed to a number of toxic-substances, some at potentially concerning levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Andeobu
- Central Queensland University, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Santoso Wibowo
- Central Queensland University, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
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Hoang AQ, Tue NM, Tu MB, Suzuki G, Matsukami H, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Kunisue T, Sakai SI, Takahashi S. A review on management practices, environmental impacts, and human exposure risks related to electrical and electronic waste in Vietnam: findings from case studies in informal e-waste recycling areas. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2705-2728. [PMID: 36194303 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) has become a global concern, especially in developing countries. In this review, we conducted a literature survey of e-waste management practices, processing activities, and adverse effects in Vietnam, an emerging country in Southeast Asia, by gathering data from peer-reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2021. This is the first review paper to comprehensively discuss management and research aspects regarding e-waste in an Asian developing country. Due to the lack of an effective management and recycling system, a certain portion of Vietnamese e-waste has been processed by informal sectors without appropriate recycling and pollution control technology, resulting in localized contamination and human exposure to toxic chemicals. Primitive processing activities, such as manual dismantling, open burning, and plastic recycling, have been identified as important contributors to the environmental emission and human exposure to toxic elements (notably As, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and organic pollutants like flame retardants, PAHs, PCBs, and dioxin-related compounds. Informal e-waste processing from these small-scale workshops can release pollutants at similar levels compared to large-scale facilities in developed countries. This fact suggests an urgent need to develop management best practices for e-waste in Vietnam as well as other emerging and developing countries, in order to increase recycling efficiency and minimize their adverse impacts on environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 11000, Vietnam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Vietnam
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakai
- Advanced Science, Technology and Management Research Institute of KYOTO, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
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Kahar INS, Othman N, Noah NFM, Suliman SS. Recovery of copper and silver from industrial e-waste leached solutions using sustainable liquid membrane technology: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66445-66472. [PMID: 37101217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Waste electrical and electronic equipment or e-waste has recently emerged as a significant global concern. This waste contains various valuable metals, and via recycling, it could become a sustainable resource of metals (viz. copper, silver, gold, and others) while reducing reliance on virgin mining. Copper and silver with their superior electrical and thermal conductivity have been reviewed due to their high demand. Recovering these metals will be beneficial to attain the current needs. Liquid membrane technology has appeared as a viable option for treating e-waste from various industries as a simultaneous extraction and stripping process. It also includes extensive research on biotechnology, chemical and pharmaceutical, environmental engineering, pulp and paper, textile, food processing, and wastewater treatment. The success of this process depends more on the selection of organic and stripping phases. In this review, the use of liquid membrane technology in treating/recovering copper and silver from industrial e-waste leached solutions was highlighted. It also assembles critical information on the organic phase (carrier and diluent) and stripping phase in liquid membrane formulation for selective copper and silver. In addition, the utilization of green diluent, ionic liquids, and synergist carrier was also included since it gained prominence attention latterly. The future prospects and challenges of this technology were also discussed to ensure the industrialization of technology. Herein, a potential process flowchart for the valorization of e-waste is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Naim Shamsul Kahar
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Othman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sazmin Sufi Suliman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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12
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Nasiri T, Mokhtari M, Teimouri F, Abouee E. Remediation of metals and plastic from e-waste by iron mine indigenous acidophilic bacteria. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:894-902. [PMID: 36245414 PMCID: PMC10108327 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing consumption of electrical and electronic equipment leads to high amounts of electronic waste (e-waste), which is now considered the fastest-growing waste stream at the national and international levels. As well as being a potential secondary resource due to its precious metals content, e-waste also contains strategic metals and plastics. For instance, mobile phones have about 25-55% plastic substances. A few studies have been performed to investigate the potential of indigenous bacteria in metals' bioleaching from the polluted environment. Heterotrophic bioleaching potential in acidic conditions had been preliminarily investigated. Two soil types of iron ore were considered the source of indigenous bacteria. Despite the acidophilic nature of the bacterial consortium, they continued their leaching activity regardless of alkaline conditions. Maximum biorecovery rate related to copper (4%) responding to the main soil, owing to the higher copper content of mobile phone waste. Chromium had the least recovery rate (⩽0.002%). Overall, the maximum metal recovery rate was 4.7%, achieved by tailing heterotrophs at an e-waste loading of 10 g l-1. Statistical analysis had shown that there was no significant difference between the metal recovery rates and soil type or even the solid-liquid ratio (p > 0.05). Although acidophilic indigenous heterotrophs could not be an appropriate alternative for a large amount of metal recovery process, they might have considerable potential in the bioremediation of e-waste plastic fractions and metals in low concentrations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahimeh Teimouri
- Fahimeh Teimouri, Environmental Sciences
and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering,
School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Alem
Square, Sohadaye Ghomnam Avenue, Yazd 035, Iran.
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13
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Lokmic-Tomkins Z, Bhandari D, Bain C, Borda A, Kariotis TC, Reser D. Lessons Learned from Natural Disasters around Digital Health Technologies and Delivering Quality Healthcare. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4542. [PMID: 36901559 PMCID: PMC10001761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As climate change drives increased intensity, duration and severity of weather-related events that can lead to natural disasters and mass casualties, innovative approaches are needed to develop climate-resilient healthcare systems that can deliver safe, quality healthcare under non-optimal conditions, especially in remote or underserved areas. Digital health technologies are touted as a potential contributor to healthcare climate change adaptation and mitigation, through improved access to healthcare, reduced inefficiencies, reduced costs, and increased portability of patient information. Under normal operating conditions, these systems are employed to deliver personalised healthcare and better patient and consumer involvement in their health and well-being. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health technologies were rapidly implemented on a mass scale in many settings to deliver healthcare in compliance with public health interventions, including lockdowns. However, the resilience and effectiveness of digital health technologies in the face of the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters remain to be determined. In this review, using the mixed-methods review methodology, we seek to map what is known about digital health resilience in the context of natural disasters using case studies to demonstrate what works and what does not and to propose future directions to build climate-resilient digital health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Lokmic-Tomkins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, 35 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dinesh Bhandari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, 35 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chris Bain
- Digital Health Theme, Department of Human-Centered Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ann Borda
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Information Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Timothy Charles Kariotis
- School of Computing and Information System, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Melbourne School of Government, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Reser
- Graduate Entry Medicine Program, Monash Rural Health-Churchill, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia
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14
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Tuna B. Reactive Extrusion of Recycled Polycarbonate Using Chain Extenders. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793123010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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15
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Reddy A, Sieg J, Ristevski E, Polaconda SS, Buck J, Guenther R, Jones AM, Sweet L, Williams MR, Drummond CK. Co-curricular Immersion as a Public-Private Capacity Building Activity. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2023; 3:1-14. [PMID: 36686625 PMCID: PMC9844937 DOI: 10.1007/s43683-022-00098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the already increasing challenge of establishing immersive, co-curricular activities for engineering students, particularly for biomedical-related activities. In the current work, we outline a strategy for co-curricular learning that leverages a private-public partnership in which methods for capacity-building have enabled mutually beneficial outcomes for both organizations. A contemporary issue for many non-profits is identifying effective ways to build capacity for consistent service delivery while at the same time embracing the volunteer activities of students; a challenge is that the lifecycle of a university student is often not aligned (much shorter) with the needs of the non-profit. The public-private partnership simultaneously meets the service motivation of students with the needs of the host. This paper includes two case studies that illustrate the implementation of the methods for capacity-building and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Reddy
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alisa M. Jones
- Cuyahoga County Board of Developmental Disabilities, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Laurene Sweet
- Cuyahoga County Board of Developmental Disabilities, Cleveland, OH USA
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16
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Co-Pyrolysis Behavior, Kinetic and Mechanism of Waste-Printed Circuit Board with Biomass. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) account for approximately 3–6 wt% of total electronic waste. Due to their content of thermosetting materials and added brominated fire retardants, their recycling and disposal is difficult and not eco-friendly. Pyrolysis as a thermal degradation process may assist in the solution of this problem. In addition, using biomass as an additive can upgrade the bio-oil and fix bromines in the char. In this study, cotton stalk (CS) is chosen as an additive and kinetic of the pyrolysis of three samples namely: PCB, CS, and CS:PCB (50:50) were investigated by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 K/min. Three non-isothermal methods: FWO, KAS, and Starink were found in good agreement with the TGA data; however, the FWO method was more efficient in the description of the degradation mechanism of solid-state reactions. For CS and CS:PCB (50:50), α was increased from 0.2 to 0.9 with the FWO method, and calculated Eα values were found in the range of 121.43–151.88 and 151.60–105.67 kJ/mol in zone 1, while 197.06–79.22 and 115.90–275.06 kJ/mol in zone 2, respectively. Whereas, for PCB in zone 1, Eα values were found to be in the range of 190.23–93.88 kJ/mol. The possible decomposition mechanism was determined by the Criado method, which was in agreement with the mechanism model for reaction order n = 3. The oil product was also analyzed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis.
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17
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Luoma E, Välimäki M, Immonen K. Effect of accelerated aging on properties of biobased polymer films applicable in printed electronics. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enni Luoma
- Sustainable Products and Materials VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Tampere Finland
| | - Marja Välimäki
- Digital Technologies VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Oulu Finland
| | - Kirsi Immonen
- Sustainable Products and Materials VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Tampere Finland
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18
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Lokmic-Tomkins Z, Davies S, Block LJ, Cochrane L, Dorin A, von Gerich H, Lozada-Perezmitre E, Reid L, Peltonen LM. Assessing the carbon footprint of digital health interventions: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:2128-2139. [PMID: 36314391 PMCID: PMC9667173 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integration of environmentally sustainable digital health interventions requires robust evaluation of their carbon emission life-cycle before implementation in healthcare. This scoping review surveys the evidence on available environmental assessment frameworks, methods, and tools to evaluate the carbon footprint of digital health interventions for environmentally sustainable healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid). PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus (which indexes IEEE Xplore, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science and ACM databases), Compendex, and Inspec databases were searched with no time or language constraints. The Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA_SCR), Joanna Briggs Scoping Review Framework, and template for intervention description and replication (TiDiER) checklist were used to structure and report the findings. RESULTS From 3299 studies screened, data was extracted from 13 full-text studies. No standardised methods or validated tools were identified to systematically determine the environmental sustainability of a digital health intervention over its full life-cycle from conception to realisation. Most studies (n = 8) adapted publicly available carbon calculators to estimate telehealth travel-related emissions. Others adapted these tools to examine the environmental impact of electronic health records (n = 2), e-prescriptions and e-referrals (n = 1), and robotic surgery (n = 1). One study explored optimising the information system electricity consumption of telemedicine. No validated systems-based approach to evaluation and validation of digital health interventions could be identified. CONCLUSION There is a need to develop standardised, validated methods and tools for healthcare environments to assist stakeholders to make informed decisions about reduction of carbon emissions from digital health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Lokmic-Tomkins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shauna Davies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lorraine J Block
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindy Cochrane
- Brownless Biomedical Library, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Dorin
- Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanna von Gerich
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lisa Reid
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Andrade M, Soares AMVM, Solé M, Pereira E, Freitas R. Do climate change related factors modify the response of Mytilus galloprovincialis to lanthanum? The case of temperature rise. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135577. [PMID: 35792214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most of the electric and electronic waste is not recycled and the release of its components into the environment is expected, including the rare-earth element Lanthanum (La), which has already been reported in the aquatic systems. Furthermore, considering climate change factors such as the predicted increase in temperature, the susceptibility of aquatic organisms to these rare elements may be modified. In light of this, the present study aimed to evaluate the relevance of temperature on La-derived effects in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Several biomarkers and La bioaccumulation were assessed in organisms exposed to 0 (control) and 10 μg/L of La at two distinct temperatures (17 and 22 °C) for 28 days. Results showed that temperature did not influence La bioaccumulation in mussels. However, exposure to La resulted in a decreased metabolic capacity and an enhancement of biotransformation enzymes activity, as a possible defense behavior of mussels to avoid La accumulation and toxicity. Nevertheless, antioxidant defenses were also inhibited leading to increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Warming alone seemed to cause a metabolic shutdown seen as reduced enzyme activities and protein carbonylation (PC) levels. Simultaneous La exposure and temperature rise caused combined effects on mussels, as they accused metabolic depression, biotransformation defenses activation, antioxidant capacity reduction, and higher cellular damage. Overall, this study highlights the need to perform environmental risk assessment studies, by considering emerging contaminants exposures at relevant concentrations, both at present and forecasted climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Takyi R, El Mahrad B, Nunoo FKE, Adade R, ElHadary M, Essandoh J. Adaptive management of environmental challenges in West African coastal lagoons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156234. [PMID: 35644400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human activities in coastal lagoons over several decades have had a significant impact on their ecology and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. Although there are several management approaches to mitigate the problem, they are unable to link human needs and activities with changes in the state of the environment. This research provides this link via assessment of eleven lagoons in Ghana with a socio-ecological framework (Drivers (D), Activities (A), Pressure (P), State (S), Impact (I) on welfare (W), and Response (R) as a Measure (M); DAPSI(W)R(M)). Data were systematically obtained from relevant publications, previously conducted research, and national reports on the subject and were analyzed using this socio-ecological framework. Results show that basic biological and physiological needs such as food and shelter, social status and dominance, financial self-reliance, and self-actualization are the drivers of fishing, farming, settlements, salt mining, mangrove harvesting, industries, among others. These activities have contributed to pressures of selective extraction of fish and mangroves species, the introduction of heavy metals, organic materials, and smothering of substrates, consequently altering the environment by decreasing the oxygen rate and increasing the biochemical oxygen demand, organic matter, nutrients and pathogens, and reduction in lagoon areas and biodiversity. Thus, ultimately impacting human welfare, such as loss of revenue, employment, and seafood provision. Management options, including addressing the building and fuelwood material sources, afforestation and community ownership of lagoons, the prohibition of construction activities, and research-led management that can support decision-makers to improve the sustainability of these ecosystems, are highlighted. The findings have global implications for guiding local planners and state regulators in the applications of such integrated environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Takyi
- Blue Resources Research and Policy Institute, L534, Mallam, Greater Accra, Ghana.
| | - Badr El Mahrad
- Murray Foundation, Brabners LLP, Horton House, Exchange Street, Liverpool L2 3YL, UK; Laboratory of Geoscience, Water and Environment, (LG2E-CERNE2D), Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; CIMA, FCT-Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Richard Adade
- Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mohamed ElHadary
- CIMA, FCT-Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - John Essandoh
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Teodorescu L, Dima G. High Performance Broadcast Receiver Based on Obsolete Technology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6784. [PMID: 36146133 PMCID: PMC9502799 DOI: 10.3390/s22186784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception, the electronics industry has mass-produced equipment. The fast evolution of electronic technologies made obsolete the entire generation of products and even technologies. Until the government issued regulations and guidelines on how to address the issue of reuse of obsolete electronic equipment, with special regard to the ones still operating (e.g., give it to family/friends, donate to charity, or sell to individuals or recycling companies), most of it was thrown out with usual rubbish, with a destructive effect on the environment. This paper presents the design techniques and methods for revaluation of obsolete vacuum tube analog receivers, with a focus on the manufacturing steps of a high-performance receiver. The choice of receiver type is not accidental at all, since tube technology is still a real success among audiophiles many providers offer vacuum tube amplifiers at considerably high prices. The redesign implied the original FM unit replacement with a DSP-based AM/FM tuner while the AM RF vacuum tube section has been preserved with the original architecture to allow the reception of the broadcast stations for the long-wave band and the alternative operation with the silicon tuner for the medium-wave and short-wave bands. The electrical performances of the modified receiver in terms of reliability, sensitivity, selectivity, and distortions on the reception chain are clearly superior to the original one, while the power consumption of the RF section is reduced more than 10 times from 11.5 W-15.5 W to 1 W. Last, but not least important, the proposed solution implied the use of few additional parts and resources and extended significantly the lifetime of the original vacuum tubes receiver. The work has been developed to serve as an example of how obsolete electronic equipment can be redesigned and reused avoiding its complete recycling or even worse, its disposal with usual rubbish. It has been imagined and performed as the initial step in launching a professional student contest on the reuse/redesign of obsolete equipment aimed at raising awareness regarding the issue of pollution with e-waste amongst students from the electronic departments of Romanian technical universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenţiu Teodorescu
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Information Technology, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Gabriel Dima
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Information Technology, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania
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Circular economy model for developing countries: evidence from Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09530. [PMID: 35663755 PMCID: PMC9160040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
From environmental and sustainable development perspective, circular economy model is rarely applied in developing countries compared to developed nations. The aim of this paper is to review the overall scenario of the circular economy (CE) model in Bangladesh toward sustainable development. The study relies on the descriptive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, collected mostly from secondary sources with some in-depth interviews of the experts in the relevant field. The overall environmental status of Bangladesh, prospects, practices, and challenges of the circular economy model were thoroughly discussed in this paper. Though there are prospects to switching towards CE, the study reveals that the CE model's applicability is very limited in Bangladesh, being exercised mostly through recycling processes in some industries. Most importantly, we attempted to explore what is holding the CE practice in Bangladesh back, and iterated some policy, technical, and public participation barriers existing in Bangladesh. This paper will benefit the policymakers in developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular to look more into the matter and hope to present ideas for future researchers to work on the idea of CE in the context of particular sectors and subsectors of Bangladesh.
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23
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A Review on Global Emissions by E-Products Based Waste: Technical Management for Reduced Effects and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, a great amount of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) has accumulated, and the unregulated nature of its disposal and recycling represents a particular hazard in a global context. For the purposes of e-waste management, there must be more emphasis on the scientific processes for recycling, reusing and remanufacturing precious materials. Resource management is related to energy management; therefore, the harvesting of costly materials from e-waste is important for both energy management and sustainable development. At present, a lack of scientific recycling of a significant amount of e-waste is a source of environmental pollution and health hazards that are having a detrimental effect on sustainable development goals. It is necessary to find a process for recovering valuable materials from e-waste with the minimum possible environmental impact. At present, it is essential to modify the process of electrical and electronic products (e-products) becoming e-waste, and the subsequent process of e-waste recycling, in order to lessen the impact in terms of pollution. E-waste scientific recycling initiatives can reduce the environmental impact of the process, which in turn can support a shift from the current linear flow of costly materials to a more sustainable circular flow. Furthermore, internal consumption loss, emissions, and heating loss from e-products are the main factors contributing to the loss of energy efficiency in the process, which in turn contributes to environmental pollution. Promoting green innovation in the manufacturing process of e-products, as well as their reuse, can reduce the environmental impact of e-waste in near future. Both of these pathways are imperative for a less polluted, low-toxic environment and sustainable development. However, the sustainable development initiative of the United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP) policy framework is the ultimate goal. This is expected to support the management of environmental pollution, maintaining it at an acceptable level, while also preventing hazardous risks to human health. Hence, this review examines the prospects for achievable environmental sustainability through technological developments.
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Orumwense EF, Abo-Al-Ez K. Internet of Things for smart energy systems: A review on its applications, challenges and future trends. AIMS ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Internet of Things (IoT) is a terminology used for a mixed connection of heterogeneous objects to the internet and to each other with the employment of recent technological and communication infrastructures. Its incorporation into engineering systems have gradually become very popular in recent times as it promises to transform and ease the life of end users. The use of IoT in smart energy systems (SES) facilitates an ample offer of variety of applications that transverses through a wide range of areas in energy systems. With the numerous benefits that includes unmatched fast communication between subsystems, the maximization of energy use, the decrease in environmental impacts and a boost in the dividends of renewable energies, IoT has grown into an emerging innovative technology to be integrated into smart energy systems. In this work, we have provided an overview of the link between SES, IoT and Internet of Energy (IoE). The main applications of IoT in smart energy systems consisting of smart industries, smart homes and buildings, and smart cities are explored and analyzed. The paper also explores the challenges limiting the employment of IoT technologies in SES and the possible remedies to these challenges. In addition, the future trends of this technology, its research direction and reasons why industry should adopt it are also addressed. The aim of this work is to furnish researchers in this field, decision and energy policy makers, energy economist and energy administrators with a possible literature outline on the roles and impacts of IoT technology in smart energy systems.</p>
</abstract>
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25
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Enhancement of WEEE Management Practices in MTN Phone Village, Rumukurushi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. RECYCLING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling6040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Informal recycling has been a source of challenges to a mobile telephone network (MTN) phone village in Rumukurushi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and several locations in developing countries. In order to bring a lasting solution to the menace of informal recycling in this location, the study proposed a new waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management system. The system comprises the application of two key concepts. The first concept includes limiting the activities of informal recyclers to WEEE collection only. This implies WEEE treatment, dismantling, etc., are carried out by government-approved agencies and experts. The second concept involves the application of the just-in-time (JIT) management concept for managing WEEE. The concept ensures that WEEE is only requested from the recycler or the individuals in possession of it and only on demand. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. Data collection and analysis were achieved via semi-structured phone interviews and thematic analysis, respectively. The outcome of the study limits the activities of the informal recyclers to WEEE collection. Informal recyclers gain revenue from collection. A reduction in the waiting time of workers and WEEE storage space is achieved. This offers safety, efficiency, and an increased productivity. This will help to revolutionise the WEEE management system in the location.
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Bozó É, Ervasti H, Halonen N, Shokouh SHH, Tolvanen J, Pitkänen O, Järvinen T, Pálvölgyi PS, Szamosvölgyi Á, Sápi A, Konya Z, Zaccone M, Montalbano L, De Brauwer L, Nair R, Martínez-Nogués V, San Vicente Laurent L, Dietrich T, Fernández de Castro L, Kordas K. Bioplastics and Carbon-Based Sustainable Materials, Components, and Devices: Toward Green Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49301-49312. [PMID: 34609829 PMCID: PMC8532127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The continuously growing number of short-life electronics equipment inherently results in a massive amount of problematic waste, which poses risks of environmental pollution, endangers human health, and causes socioeconomic problems. Hence, to mitigate these negative impacts, it is our common interest to substitute conventional materials (polymers and metals) used in electronics devices with their environmentally benign renewable counterparts, wherever possible, while considering the aspects of functionality, manufacturability, and cost. To support such an effort, in this study, we explore the use of biodegradable bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), its blends with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and composites with pyrolyzed lignin (PL), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in conjunction with processes typical in the fabrication of electronics components, including plasma treatment, dip coating, inkjet and screen printing, as well as hot mixing, extrusion, and molding. We show that after a short argon plasma treatment of the surface of hot-blown PLA-PHB blend films, percolating networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having sheet resistance well below 1 kΩ/□ can be deposited by dip coating to make electrode plates of capacitive touch sensors. We also demonstrate that the bioplastic films, as flexible dielectric substrates, are suitable for depositing conductive micropatterns of SWCNTs and Ag (1 kΩ/□ and 1 Ω/□, respectively) by means of inkjet and screen printing, with potential in printed circuit board applications. In addition, we exemplify compounded and molded composites of PLA with PL and MWCNTs as excellent candidates for electromagnetic interference shielding materials in the K-band radio frequencies (18.0-26.5 GHz) with shielding effectiveness of up to 40 and 46 dB, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bozó
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Ervasti
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Halonen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Seyed Hossein Hosseini Shokouh
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tolvanen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Pitkänen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Topias Järvinen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petra S Pálvölgyi
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ákos Szamosvölgyi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Konya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Marta Zaccone
- Proplast-Consorzio per la Promozione della Cultura Plastica, Via Roberto di Ferro, 86, 15122 Alessandria (AL), Italy
| | - Luana Montalbano
- Proplast-Consorzio per la Promozione della Cultura Plastica, Via Roberto di Ferro, 86, 15122 Alessandria (AL), Italy
| | - Laurens De Brauwer
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant VZW, Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Desteldonk (Gent), Belgium
| | - Rakesh Nair
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant VZW, Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Desteldonk (Gent), Belgium
| | | | - Leire San Vicente Laurent
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández de Castro
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Health Division, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, E-01510 Miñano, Araba, Spain
| | - Krisztian Kordas
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4500, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
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