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Xu C, Shen J, Chen W, Sun X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu X. Targeting Design of Human Anti-idiotypic Genetically Engineered Antibody for Simulating the Structure and Insecticidal Function of Bt Cry1C Toxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21650-21666. [PMID: 39294853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The β-type anti-Id (Ab2β) is considered to have potential for simulating the structure and function of the antigen. In this study, a β-type anti-Id (3A7 anti-I-GEAb) of the Cry1C toxin was captured from a GEAb library. Subsequently, a higher activity of mutant (3A7 mutant 8) was obtained from the mutagenesis library based on 3A7 anti-I-GEAb. The LD50 values of 3A7 anti-I-GEAb and 3A7 mutant 8 reach up to 38.9% and 46.8% of Cry1C toxin for P. xylostella and reach up to 32.9% and 37.4% of Cry1C toxin for H. armigera. Additionally, an IC-ELISA was established based on 3A7 mutant 8 (as the coated "antigen"), with an LOD value of 0.35 ng/mL, exhibiting good accuracy and stability for detecting Cry1C toxin in spiked samples. The present β-type anti-I-GEAb not only exhibits insecticidal activity similar to Cry1C toxin, offering potential for environmentally friendly pest management, but it can also replace the Cry1C toxin structure to establish a highly sensitive and specific IC-ELISA for monitoring Cry1C toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianxing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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2
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Xie X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Mao F, He Z, Sun Z, Zhang S, Liu X. Ready-to-use ratiometric bioluminescence immunosensor for detection of ochratoxin a in pepper. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116401. [PMID: 38761743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, portable, and accurate detection tools for monitoring ochratoxin A (OTA) in food are essential for the guarantee of food safety and human health. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, this study proposed a ratiometric bioluminescence immunosensor (RBL-immunosensor) for homogeneous detection of OTA in pepper. The construct of the RBL-immunosensor consists of three components, including the large fragment of the split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-tagged nanobody (NLg), the small fragment of the split NanoLuc-tagged mimotope peptide heptamer (MPSm), and the calibrator luciferase (GeNL). The specific nanobody-mimotope peptide interaction between NLg and MPSm induces the reconstitution of the NanoLuc, which catalyzes the Nano-Glo substrate and produces a blue emission peak at 458 nm. Meanwhile, GeNL can produce a green emission peak at 518 nm upon substrate conversion via bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET). Therefore, the concentration of OTA can be linked to the variation of the bioluminescence signal (λ458/λ518) measured by microplate reader and the variation of the blue/green ratio measured by smartphone via the competitive immunoreaction where OTA competes with MPSm to bind NLg. The immunosensor is ready-to-use and works by simply mixing the components in a one-step incubation of 10 min for readout. It has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 ng/mL by a microplate reader and an LOD of 1.89 ng/mL by a smartphone. Good selectivity and accuracy were confirmed for the immunosensor by cross-reaction analysis and recovery experiments. The contents of OTA in 10 commercial pepper powder samples were tested by the RBL-immunosensor and validated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hence, the ready-to-use RBL-immunosensor was demonstrated as a highly reliable tool for detection of OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fujing Mao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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Zhao J, Li P, ABD EL-ATY AM, Xu L, Lei X, Gao S, Li J, Zhao Y, She Y, Jin F, Wang J, Hammock BD, Jin M. A novel sustainable immunoassay for sensitive detection of atrazine based on the anti-idiotypic nanobody and recombinant full-length antibody. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2024; 491:152039. [PMID: 38882000 PMCID: PMC11173377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays have been widely used to determine small-molecule compounds in food and the environment, meeting the challenge of obtaining false positive or negative results because of the variance in the batches of antibodies and antigens. To resolve this problem, atrazine (ATR) was used as a target, and anti-idiotypic nanobodies for ATR (AI-Nbs) and a recombinant full-length antibody against ATR (ATR-rAb) were prepared for the development of a sustainable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AI-Nb-7, AI-Nb-58, and AI-Nb-66 were selected from an immune phage display library. ATR-rAb was produced in mammalian HEK293 (F) cells. Among the four detection methods explored, the assay using AI-Nb-66 as a coating antigen and ATR-rAb as a detection reagent yielded a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.66 ng mL-1 for ATR and a linear range of 0.35-8.73 ng mL-1. The cross-reactivity of the assay to ametryn was 64.24%, whereas that to terbutylazine was 38.20%. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis illustrated that these cross-reactive triazine compounds can bind to ATR-rAb to varying degrees at high concentrations; however, the binding/dissociation kinetic curves and the response values at the same concentration are different, which results in differences in cross-reactivity. Homology modeling and molecular docking revealed that the triazine ring is vital in recognizing triazine compounds. The proposed immunoassay exhibited acceptable recoveries of 84.40-105.36% for detecting fruit, vegetables, and black tea. In conclusion, this study highlights a new strategy for developing sustainable immunoassays for detecting trace pesticide contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A. M. ABD EL-ATY
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Lingyuan Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingmei Lei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jinhua Miaozhidizhi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ben Miri Y, Benabdallah A, Chentir I, Djenane D, Luvisi A, De Bellis L. Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:1184. [PMID: 38672856 PMCID: PMC11049263 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic mycotoxin produced by some mold species from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. OTA has been detected in cereals, cereal-derived products, dried fruits, wine, grape juice, beer, tea, coffee, cocoa, nuts, spices, licorice, processed meat, cheese, and other foods. OTA can induce a wide range of health effects attributable to its toxicological properties, including teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. OTA is not only toxic to humans but also harmful to livestock like cows, goats, and poultry. This is why the European Union and various countries regulate the maximum permitted levels of OTA in foods. This review intends to summarize all the main aspects concerning OTA, starting from the chemical structure and fungi that produce it, its presence in food, its toxicity, and methods of analysis, as well as control strategies, including both fungal development and methods of inactivation of the molecule. Finally, the review provides some ideas for future approaches aimed at reducing the OTA levels in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Ben Miri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166, M’sila 28000, Algeria;
| | - Amina Benabdallah
- Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pollution, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Imene Chentir
- Laboratory of Food, Processing, Control and Agri-Resources Valorization, Higher School of Food Science and Agri-Food Industry, Algiers 16200, Algeria;
| | - Djamel Djenane
- Food Quality and Safety Research Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University, BP 17, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria;
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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6
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Hou Y, Liu X, Li Y, Hou J, Liu H, Wu Q, Liu J. Aptamers for nanobodies: A nontoxic alternative to toxic ochratoxin A in immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115995. [PMID: 38176255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To measure toxins using immunoassays, hazardous toxin standards need to be added for quantification. To solve this problem, we propose to use aptamers as competitors to replace toxin standards. In this work, aptamers specific for ochratoxin A (OTA) nanobodies were selected using a DNA library containing a 36 nucleotide random region. The obtained sequences were highly aligned and the best competitor was identified to be a sequence named apt2-OT based on an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Kd of apt2-OT was measured to be 2.86 μM using local surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The optimal apt2-OT was identified to substitute the OTA standard with a concentration needed for 50% inhibition of binding (IC50) of 3.26 μM based on a nontoxic direct competitive ELISA. The equivalence relationship between the aptamer and OTA was established in a flour sample, and a recovery experiment was performed. The detection limit for this method was 0.23 ng/mL, with a linear range from 0.25 to 10.50 ng/mL. The recovery rate was 97.5%-115.5%. This study provides a low-cost, rapid and environmentally friendly alternative to the development of immunoassays for toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China
| | - Xixia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China.
| | - Yongshu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China
| | - Jianjun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province, 435002, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Rapid-format recombinant antibody-based methods for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: Recent advances and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043214. [PMID: 36523835 PMCID: PMC9744969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, has been continuously reported as a worldwide problem in healthcare settings. Additionally, the emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile has always been a critical concern and led to continuous efforts to develop more accurate diagnostic methods for detection of this recalcitrant pathogen. Currently, the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests for detecting the bacterium and/or its toxins, which exhibit varied sensitivity and specificity. In this regard, development of rapid diagnostic techniques based on antibodies has demonstrated promising results in both research and clinical environments. Recently, application of recombinant antibody (rAb) technologies like phage display has provided a faster and more cost-effective approach for antibody production. The application of rAbs for developing ultrasensitive diagnostic tools ranging from immunoassays to immunosensors, has allowed the researchers to introduce new platforms with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, DNA encoding antibodies are directly accessible in these approaches, which enables the application of antibody engineering to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Here, we review the latest studies about the antibody-based ultrasensitive diagnostic platforms for detection of C. difficile bacteria, with an emphasis on rAb technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Dai S, Li Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Dou M, Xu R, Wang T, Lu X, Wang F, Li J. Advances in functional photonic crystal materials for the analysis of chemical hazards in food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4900-4920. [PMID: 36117270 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants in food generally include natural toxins (mycotoxins, animal toxins, and phytotoxins), pesticides, veterinary drugs, environmental pollutants, heavy metals, and illegal additives. Developing a low-cost, simple, and rapid detection technology for harmful substances in food is urgently needed. Analytical methods based on different advanced materials have been developed into rapid detection methods for food samples. In particular, photonic crystal (PC) materials have a unique surface periodic structure, structural color, a large surface area, easy integration with photoelectronic and magnetic devices which have great advantages in the development of rapid, low-cost, and highly sensitive analytical methods. This review focuses on the PC materials in the view of their fabrication processes, functionalized recognition components for the specific recognition of hazardous substances, and applications in the separation, enrichment, and detection of chemical hazards in real samples. Suspension array based on three-dimensional PC microspheres by droplet-based microfluidic assembly is a great promising and powerful platform for food safety detection fields. For the PCs selective analysis, biological antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could be modified for specific recognition of target substances, particularly MIPs because of their low-cost and easy mass production. Based on these functional PCs, various toxic and hazardous substances can be selectively enriched or recognized in real samples and further quantified in combination of liquid chromatography method or optical detection methods including fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Dai
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghua Dou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruimin Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Mills C, Campbell K. A new chapter for anti-idiotypes in low molecular weight compound immunoassays. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1102-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Gao XY, Xu CM, Zhang XK, Li MR, Gong XM, Yang HM, Tang JB. Development of Fc-specific multi-biotinylated antibodies via photoreactive tandem AviTag repeats for the ultrasensitive determination of ochratoxin A. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Knopp D. Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:73. [PMID: 35202100 PMCID: PMC8874725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universitat München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, D-81377 München, Germany
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12
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Ju Z. Mimotopes for Mycotoxins Diagnosis Based on Random Peptides or Recombinant Antibodies from Phage Library. Molecules 2021; 26:7652. [PMID: 34946736 PMCID: PMC8707711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the small size secondary metabolites of fungi, have posed a threat to the safety of medicine, food and public health. Therefore, it is essential to create sensitive and effective determination of mycotoxins. Based on the special affinity between antibody and antigen, immunoassay has been proved to be a powerful technology for the detection of small analytes. However, the tedious preparation and instability of conventional antibodies restrict its application on easy and fast mycotoxins detection. By virtue of simplicity, ease of use, and lower cost, phage display library provides novel choices for antibodies or hapten conjugates, and lead random peptide or recombinant antibody to becoming the promising and environmental friendly immune-reagents in the next generation of immunoassays. This review briefly describes the latest developments on mycotoxins detection using M13 phage display, mainly focusing on the recent applications of phage display technology employed in mycotoxins detection, including the introduction of phage and phage display, the types of phage displayed peptide/recombinant antibody library, random peptides/recombinant antibodies-based immunoassays, as well as simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (W.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (W.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhigang Ju
- Pharmacy School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Huang DT, Fu HJ, Huang JJ, Luo L, Lei HT, Shen YD, Chen ZJ, Wang H, Xu ZL. Mimotope-Based Immunoassays for the Rapid Analysis of Mycotoxin: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11743-11752. [PMID: 34583509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic contaminants in foods and feeds that are naturally occurring and largely unavoidable. Determining their contents in these products is essential to protect humans from harm. Immunoassays of mycotoxins have been well-established because they are fast, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective. However, a major limitation of immunoassays is the requirement of toxic mycotoxins as competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers. Mimotopes are peptides or proteins that can specifically bind to antibodies and compete with analytes for binding sites by mimicking antigenic epitopes. They can be employed as substitutes for competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers to avoid use of mycotoxins. This review summarizes the production and functionalization of the two main kinds of mimotopes, mimic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2), and their applications in rapid analysis of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Tong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Jun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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14
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Cai C, Zhang Q, Nidiaye S, Yan H, Zhang W, Tang X, Li P. Development of a specific anti-idiotypic nanobody for monitoring aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Brilhante-da-Silva N, de Oliveira Sousa RM, Arruda A, Dos Santos EL, Marinho ACM, Stabeli RG, Fernandes CFC, Pereira SDS. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies for the Development of Potent Diagnosis Platforms. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:439-456. [PMID: 34146333 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The distinct biophysical and pharmaceutical properties of camelid single-domain antibodies, referred to as VHHs or nanobodies, are associated with their nanometric dimensions, elevated stability, and antigen recognition capacity. These biomolecules can circumvent a number of diagnostic system limitations, especially those related to the size and stability of conventional immunoglobulins currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and point-of-care, electrochemical, and imaging assays. In these formats, VHHs are directionally conjugated to different molecules, such as metallic nanoparticles, small peptides, and radioisotopes, which demonstrates their comprehensive versatility. Thus, the application of VHHs in diagnostic systems range from the identification of cancer cells to the detection of degenerative disease biomarkers, viral antigens, bacterial toxins, and insecticides. The improvements of sensitivity and specificity are among the central benefits resulting from the use of VHHs, which are indispensable parameters for high-quality diagnostics. Therefore, this review highlights the main biotechnological advances related to camelid single-domain antibodies and their use in in vitro and in vivo diagnostic approaches for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairo Brilhante-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Andrelisse Arruda
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Eliza Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Machado Marinho
- Plataforma de Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos e Nanocorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusebio, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Plataforma de Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos e Nanocorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusebio, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.
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Li P, Deng S, Zech Xu Z. Toxicant substitutes in immunological assays for mycotoxins detection: A mini review. Food Chem 2020; 344:128589. [PMID: 33246689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurring mycotoxins contamination has posedaseriousthreatto food safety worldwide. Competitive immunoassays are widely used techniques for high-throughput mycotoxins detection in agricultural products and foods. However, the inevitable introduction of mycotoxin conjugates produced by chemical conjugation usually results in complicated by-products, large batch errors and threats to operators and environment. Biologically derived surrogates of mycotoxin conjugates or mycotoxin standards are renewable immunoreagents. They can serve the same function as the responding counterparts in the immunoassays. The substitute-based immunoassays exhibit satisfactory sensitivity, pose less health threats to operators and environment, and contribute to the standardization of immunoassays for mycotoxins. This review focuses on the current applications of substitute-based immunoassays, clarifies their underlying mechanisms and provides a careful comparison. Challenges and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shengliang Deng
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, No. 7777 Changdong Avenue, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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17
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Huang X, Tang X, Jallow A, Qi X, Zhang W, Jiang J, Li H, Zhang Q, Li P. Development of an Ultrasensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Ochratoxin A in Rice. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110682. [PMID: 33138019 PMCID: PMC7693749 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a known food contaminant that affects a wide range of food and agricultural products. The presence of this fungal metabolite in foods poses a threat to human health. Therefore, various detection and quantification methods have been developed to determine its presence in foods. Herein, we describe a rapid and ultrasensitive tracer-based fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for the detection of OTA in rice samples. Four fluorescent tracers OTA-fluorescein thiocarbamoyl ethylenediamine (EDF), OTA-fluorescein thiocarbamoyl butane diamine (BDF), OTA-amino-methyl fluorescein (AMF), and OTA-fluorescein thiocarbamoyl hexame (HDF) with fluorescence polarization values (δFP = FPbind-FPfree) of 5, 100, 207, and 80 mP, respectively, were synthesized. The tracer with the highest δFP value (OTA-AMF) was selected and further optimized for the development of an ultrasensitive FPIA with a detection range of 0.03-0.78 ng/mL. A mean recovery of 70.0% to 110.0% was obtained from spiked rice samples with a relative standard deviation of equal to or less than 20%. Good correlations (r2 = 0.9966) were observed between OTA levels in contaminated rice samples obtained by the FPIA method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method. The rapidity of the method was confirmed by analyzing ten rice samples that were analyzed within 25 min, on average. The sensitivity, accuracy, and rapidity of the method show that it is suitable for screening and quantification of OTA in food samples without the cumbersome pre-analytical steps required in other mycotoxin detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.H.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.H.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Abdoulie Jallow
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.H.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Wen Zhang
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.H.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-27-8681-2943 (P.L.)
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.H.); (X.T.); (A.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.Q.); (W.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-27-8681-2943 (P.L.)
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18
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Application of phage-display developed antibody and antigen substitutes in immunoassays for small molecule contaminants analysis: A mini-review. Food Chem 2020; 339:128084. [PMID: 33152875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxic small molecule contaminants (SMCs) residues in food threaten human health. Immunoassays are popular and simple techniques for SMCs analysis. However, immunoassays based on polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and chemosynthetic antigens have some defects, such as complicated preparation of antibodies, risk of toxic haptens using for antigen chemosynthesis and so on. Phage-display technique has been proven to be an attractive alternative approach to producing antibody and antigen substitutes of SMCs, and opened up new realms for developing immunoassays of SMCs. These substitutes contain five types, including anti-idiotypic recombinant antibody (AIdA), anti-immune complex peptide (AIcP), anti-immune complex recombinant antibody (AIcA) and anti-SMC recombinant antibody (anti-SMC RAb). In this review, the principle of immunoassays based on the five types of substitutes, as well as their application and advantages are summarized and discussed.
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19
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Xiong L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Li Y, Liu D, Tu Z, He Q. Anti-idiotypic VHH mediated environmentally friendly immunoassay for citrinin without mycotoxin. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1795631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Di Nardo F, Cavalera S, Baggiani C, Chiarello M, Pazzi M, Anfossi L. Enzyme Immunoassay for Measuring Aflatoxin B1 in Legal Cannabis. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040265. [PMID: 32326118 PMCID: PMC7232199 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of the legalization of cannabis for recreational, medicinal and nutraceutical uses requires the development of adequate analytical methods to assure the safety and security of such products. In particular, aflatoxins are considered to pose a major risk for the health of cannabis consumers. Among analytical methods that allows for adequate monitoring of food safety, immunoassays play a major role thanks to their cost-effectiveness, high-throughput capacity, simplicity and limited requirement for equipment and skilled operators. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay has been adapted to measure the most hazardous aflatoxin B1 in cannabis products. The assay was acceptably accurate (recovery rate: 78–136%), reproducible (intra- and inter-assay means coefficients of variation 11.8% and 13.8%, respectively), and sensitive (limit of detection and range of quantification: 0.35 ng mL−1 and 0.4–2 ng mL−1, respectively corresponding to 7 ng g−1 and 8–40 ng g−1 ng g−1 in the plant) and provided results which agreed with a HPLC-MS/MS method for the direct analysis of aflatoxin B1 in cannabis inflorescence and leaves. In addition, the carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 was detected in 50% of the cannabis products analyzed (14 samples collected from small retails) at levels exceeding those admitted by the European Union in commodities intended for direct human consumption, thus envisaging the need for effective surveillance of aflatoxin contamination in legal cannabis.
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Hao J, Li Y, Wang J, Xu C, Gao M, Chen W, Zhang X, Hu X, Liu Y, Liu X. Screening and activity identification of an anti-idiotype nanobody for Bt Cry1F toxin from the camelid naive antibody phage display library. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1691156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agri-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing People’s Republic of China
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22
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Chen E, Xu Y, Ma B, Cui H, Sun C, Zhang M. Carboxyl-Functionalized, Europium Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Assay for Sensitive Detection of Citrinin in Monascus Fermented Food. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100605. [PMID: 31627364 PMCID: PMC6832703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FICTS) based on the use of europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed and applied to detect citrinin (CIT) in Monascus fermented food. The sensitivity of the immunoassay to detect CIT was greatly improved by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody to attach EuNPs to form a probe. Under optimum conditions, the visual detection limit was 2.5 ng/mL, and the detection limit of the instrument was 0.05 ng/mL. According to the results, the IC50 was 0.4 ng/mL. Matrix interference from various Monascus fermented foods was investigated in food sample detection. The immunosensor also demonstrated high recoveries (86.8-113.0%) and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) (1.8-15.3%) when testing spiked Monascus fermented food. The detection results of this method showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.98) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the FICTS method could be used as a rapid, sensitive method to detect CIT in Monascus fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haifeng Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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