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Badami GD, La Manna MP, Di Carlo P, Stanek O, Linhartova I, Caccamo N, Sebo P, Dieli F. Delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopes by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxoid expands HLA-E-restricted cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289212. [PMID: 38106407 PMCID: PMC10722248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains the first cause of death from infection caused by a bacterial pathogen. Chemotherapy does not eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from human lungs, and the pathogen causes a latent tuberculosis infection that cannot be prevented by the currently available Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is ineffective in the prevention of pulmonary TB in adults. HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential players in protective immune responses against Mtb. Hence, expanding this population in vivo or ex vivo may be crucial for vaccination or immunotherapy against TB. Methods The enzymatically inactive Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxoid is an effective tool for delivering peptide epitopes into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APC) for presentation and stimulation of specific CD8+ T-cell responses. In this study, we have investigated the capacity of the CyaA toxoid to deliver Mtb epitopes known to bind HLA-E for the expansion of human CD8+ T cells in vitro. Results Our results show that the CyaA-toxoid containing five HLA-E-restricted Mtb epitopes causes significant expansion of HLA-E-restricted antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which produce IFN-γ and exert significant cytotoxic activity towards peptide-pulsed macrophages. Discussion HLA-E represents a promising platform for the development of new vaccines; our study indicates that the CyaA construct represents a suitable delivery system of the HLA-E-binding Mtb epitopes for ex vivo and in vitro expansion of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells inducing a predominant Tc1 cytokine profile with a significant increase of IFN-γ production, for prophylactic and immunotherapeutic applications against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusto D. Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco P. La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ondrej Stanek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Linhartova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Sebo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogen, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Osickova A, Knoblochova S, Bumba L, Man P, Kalaninova Z, Lepesheva A, Jurnecka D, Cizkova M, Biedermannova L, Goldsmith JA, Maynard JA, McLellan JS, Osicka R, Sebo P, Masin J. A conserved tryptophan in the acylated segment of RTX toxins controls their β 2 integrin-independent cell penetration. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104978. [PMID: 37390987 PMCID: PMC10392135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acylated Repeats in ToXins (RTX) leukotoxins, the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) or α-hemolysin (HlyA), bind β2 integrins of leukocytes but also penetrate cells lacking these receptors. We show that the indoles of conserved tryptophans in the acylated segments, W876 of CyaA and W579 of HlyA, are crucial for β2 integrin-independent membrane penetration. Substitutions of W876 by aliphatic or aromatic residues did not affect acylation, folding, or the activities of CyaA W876L/F/Y variants on cells expressing high amounts of the β2 integrin CR3. However, toxin activity of CyaA W876L/F/Y on cells lacking CR3 was strongly impaired. Similarly, a W579L substitution selectively reduced HlyA W579L cytotoxicity towards cells lacking β2 integrins. Intriguingly, the W876L/F/Y substitutions increased the thermal stability (Tm) of CyaA by 4 to 8 °C but locally enhanced the accessibility to deuteration of the hydrophobic segment and of the interface of the two acylated loops. W876Q substitution (showing no increase in Tm), or combination of W876F with a cavity-filling V822M substitution (this combination decreasing the Tm closer to that of CyaA), yielded a milder defect of toxin activity on erythrocytes lacking CR3. Furthermore, the activity of CyaA on erythrocytes was also selectively impaired when the interaction of the pyrrolidine of P848 with the indole of W876 was ablated. Hence, the bulky indoles of residues W876 of CyaA, or W579 of HlyA, rule the local positioning of the acylated loops and enable a membrane-penetrating conformation in the absence of RTX toxin docking onto the cell membrane by β2 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Knoblochova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kalaninova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Lepesheva
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Jurnecka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cizkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lada Biedermannova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Masin
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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3
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Wang WB, Liu L, Guo SS, Yuan QY, Lu SC, Shu LQ, Pan S. Recombinant expression and immunogenicity evaluation of a TonB-dependent receptor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106111. [PMID: 35588973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study constructed the recombinant plasmid of a TonB-dependent receptor from V. parahaemolyticus and evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein in mice. The TonB-dependent receptor gene (GI: 28901321) was obtained by PCR amplification and cloned into plasmid pET-32a (+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, and the protein expression was induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The 6 × His-tagged TonB-dependent receptor inclusion bodies were purified by Ni-NTA Agarose column and renatured by gradient urea dialysis. The soluble and inclusion bodies of the TonB-dependent receptor were emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice. The serum titers with seven V. parahaemolyticus strains, eight Vibrio species, and nine other bacteria were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The results showed that the serum homogenously bound the target protein in the V. parahaemolyticus cell lysates. The titers against the immunized protein were above 89K, while the titer against whole cells of seven V. parahaemolyticus strains ranged from 4.12K to 12.5K. However, the titers were higher for the soluble TonB-dependent receptor. The serums reacted with E. coli strains but did not cross-react with eight Vibrio species and Photobacterium damselae. These results showed that the TonB-dependent receptor proteins in this study were immunogenic, and the serums showed adequate specificity for V. parahaemolyticus. However, the availability of the TonB-dependent receptor on V. parahaemolyticus cells is probably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Shan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yun Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Quan Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saikun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Barguilla I, Unzueta U, Carratalá JV, Cano-Garrido O, Villaverde A, Hernández A, Ferrer-Miralles N. Toxicity Profiling of Bacterial Inclusion Bodies in Human Caco-2 Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:842256. [PMID: 35573225 PMCID: PMC9099286 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.842256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are discrete macromolecular complexes that appear in recombinant prokaryotic cells under stress conditions. These structures are often discarded for biotechnological uses given the difficulty in recovering proteins of interest from them in a soluble form. However, recent approaches have revealed the potential of these protein clusters as biomaterials to promote cell growth and as protein depots for the release of recombinant proteins for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Although these kinds of natural supramolecular complexes have attracted great interest, no comprehensive study of their toxicity in cell cultures has been carried out. In this study, caco-2 cells were exposed to natural IBs, soluble protein-only nanoparticles (NPs), and non-assembled versions of the same protein for comparative purposes. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were analyzed for all these protein formats. Natural IBs and soluble protein formats demonstrated their safety in eukaryotic cells. No cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or oxidative stress was detected in caco-2 cells exposed to the protein samples in any of the experimental conditions evaluated, which covered protein concentrations used in previous biological activity assays. These conditions evaluated the activity of protein samples obtained from three prokaryotic hosts [Escherichia coli and the endotoxin-free expression systems Lactococcus lactis and ClearColi® BL21 (DE3)]. Our results demonstrate that natural IBs and soluble protein nanoparticles are non-toxic materials for eukaryotic cells and that this may represent an interesting alternative to the classical unassembled format of recombinant proteins for certain applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Barguilla
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Vicente Carratalá
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olivia Cano-Garrido
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Caetano BDL, Domingos MDO, da Silva MA, da Silva JCA, Polatto JM, Montoni F, Iwai LK, Pimenta DC, Vigerelli H, Vieira PCG, Ruiz RDC, Patané JS, Piazza RMF. In Silico Prediction and Design of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Alpha-Hemolysin Generate a Soluble and Hemolytic Recombinant Toxin. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010172. [PMID: 35056621 PMCID: PMC8778037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion of α-hemolysin by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is commonly associated with the severity of urinary tract infections, which makes it a predictor of poor prognosis among patients. Accordingly, this toxin has become a target for diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions. However, there are several obstacles associated with the process of α-hemolysin purification, therefore limiting its utilization in scientific investigations. In order to overcome the problems associated with α-hemolysin expression, after in silico prediction, a 20.48 kDa soluble α-hemolysin recombinant denoted rHlyA was constructed. This recombinant is composed by a 182 amino acid sequence localized in the aa542–723 region of the toxin molecule. The antigenic determinants of the rHlyA were estimated by bioinformatics analysis taking into consideration the tertiary form of the toxin, epitope analysis tools, and solubility inference. The results indicated that rHlyA has three antigenic domains localized in the aa555–565, aa600–610, and aa674–717 regions. Functional investigation of rHlyA demonstrated that it has hemolytic activity against sheep red cells, but no cytotoxic effect against epithelial bladder cells. In summary, the results obtained in this study indicate that rHlyA is a soluble recombinant protein that can be used as a tool in studies that aim to understand the mechanisms involved in the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of α-hemolysin produced by UPEC. In addition, rHlyA can be applied to generate monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies that can be utilized in the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna De Lucca Caetano
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Marta de Oliveira Domingos
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Miriam Aparecida da Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Jessika Cristina Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Juliana Moutinho Polatto
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Fabio Montoni
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (F.M.); (L.K.I.)
| | - Leo Kei Iwai
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (F.M.); (L.K.I.)
| | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Laboratório de Biofísica e Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.C.P.); (H.V.)
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Laboratório de Biofísica e Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.C.P.); (H.V.)
| | - Paulo Cesar Gomes Vieira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - Rita de Cassia Ruiz
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
| | - José Salvatore Patané
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.S.P.); (R.M.F.P.)
| | - Roxane Maria Fontes Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo 1500-05503-900, SP, Brazil; (B.D.L.C.); (M.d.O.D.); (M.A.d.S.); (J.C.A.d.S.); (J.M.P.); (P.C.G.V.); (R.d.C.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.P.); (R.M.F.P.)
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6
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Mahdevar E, Kefayat A, Safavi A, Behnia A, Hejazi SH, Javid A, Ghahremani F. Immunoprotective effect of an in silico designed multiepitope cancer vaccine with BORIS cancer-testis antigen target in a murine mammary carcinoma model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23121. [PMID: 34848739 PMCID: PMC8632969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, immunoinformatic tools were used to design a novel multiepitope cancer vaccine based on the most immunodominant regions of BORIS cancer-testis antigen. The final vaccine construct was an immunogenic, non-allergenic, and stable protein consisted of multiple cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitopes, IFN-γ inducing epitopes, and B cell epitopes according to bioinformatic analyzes. Herein, the DNA sequence of the final vaccine construct was placed into the pcDNA3.1 vector as a DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1-VAC). Also, the recombinant multiepitope peptide vaccine (MPV) was produced by a transfected BL21 E. coli strain using a recombinant pET-28a vector and then, purified and screened by Fast protein liquid chromatography technique (FPLC) and Western blot, respectively. The anti-tumor effects of prophylactic co-immunization with these DNA and protein cancer vaccines were evaluated in the metastatic non-immunogenic 4T1 mammary carcinoma in BALB/c mice. Co-immunization with the pcDNA3.1-VAC and MPV significantly (P < 0.001) increased the serum levels of the MPV-specific IgG total, IgG2a, and IgG1. The splenocytes of co-immunized mice exhibited a significantly higher efficacy to produce interleukin-4 and interferon-γ and proliferation in response to MPV in comparison with the control. The prophylactic co-immunization regime caused significant breast tumors' growth inhibition, tumors' weight decrease, inhibition of metastasis formation, and enlarging tumor-bearing mice survival time, without any considerable side effects. Taking together, this cancer vaccine can evoke strong immune response against breast tumor and inhibits its growth and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/chemistry
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Computational Biology
- Computer Simulation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral
- Interferon-gamma/chemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mahdevar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Behnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of the Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amaneh Javid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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7
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Lepesheva A, Osickova A, Holubova J, Jurnecka D, Knoblochova S, Espinosa-Vinals C, Bumba L, Skopova K, Fiser R, Osicka R, Sebo P, Masin J. Different roles of conserved tyrosine residues of the acylated domains in folding and activity of RTX toxins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19814. [PMID: 34615931 PMCID: PMC8494930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming repeats in toxins (RTX) are key virulence factors of many Gram-negative pathogens. We have recently shown that the aromatic side chain of the conserved tyrosine residue 940 within the acylated segment of the RTX adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) plays a key role in target cell membrane interaction of the toxin. Therefore, we used a truncated CyaA-derived RTX719 construct to analyze the impact of Y940 substitutions on functional folding of the acylated segment of CyaA. Size exclusion chromatography combined with CD spectroscopy revealed that replacement of the aromatic side chain of Y940 by the side chains of alanine or proline residues disrupted the calcium-dependent folding of RTX719 and led to self-aggregation of the otherwise soluble and monomeric protein. Intriguingly, corresponding alanine substitutions of the conserved Y642, Y643 and Y639 residues in the homologous RtxA, HlyA and ApxIA hemolysins from Kingella kingae, Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, affected the membrane insertion, pore-forming (hemolytic) and cytotoxic capacities of these toxins only marginally. Activities of these toxins were impaired only upon replacement of the conserved tyrosines by proline residues. It appears, hence, that the critical role of the aromatic side chain of the Y940 residue is highly specific for the functional folding of the acylated domain of CyaA and determines its capacity to penetrate target cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lepesheva
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Holubova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Jurnecka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Knoblochova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Skopova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Fiser
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Masin
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Elicits Airway Mucin Secretion through Activation of the cAMP Response Element Binding Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169064. [PMID: 34445770 PMCID: PMC8396599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucus layer protects airway epithelia from damage by noxious agents. Intriguingly, Bordetella pertussis bacteria provoke massive mucus production by nasopharyngeal epithelia during the initial coryza-like catarrhal stage of human pertussis and the pathogen transmits in mucus-containing aerosol droplets expelled by sneezing and post-nasal drip-triggered cough. We investigated the role of the cAMP-elevating adenylate cyclase (CyaA) and pertussis (PT) toxins in the upregulation of mucin production in B. pertussis-infected airway epithelia. Using human pseudostratified airway epithelial cell layers cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), we show that purified CyaA and PT toxins (100 ng/mL) can trigger production of the major airway mucins Muc5AC and Muc5B. Upregulation of mucin secretion involved activation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and was blocked by the 666-15-Calbiochem inhibitor of CREB-mediated gene transcription. Intriguingly, a B. pertussis mutant strain secreting only active PT and producing the enzymatically inactive CyaA-AC– toxoid failed to trigger any important mucus production in infected epithelial cell layers in vitro or in vivo in the tracheal epithelia of intranasally infected mice. In contrast, the PT– toxoid-producing B. pertussis mutant secreting the active CyaA toxin elicited a comparable mucin production as infection of epithelial cell layers or tracheal epithelia of infected mice by the wild-type B. pertussis secreting both PT and CyaA toxins. Hence, the cAMP-elevating activity of B. pertussis-secreted CyaA was alone sufficient for activation of mucin production through a CREB-dependent mechanism in B. pertussis-infected airway epithelia in vivo.
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9
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Meningitic Escherichia coli α-hemolysin aggravates blood-brain barrier disruption via targeting TGFβ1-triggered hedgehog signaling. Mol Brain 2021; 14:116. [PMID: 34281571 PMCID: PMC8287823 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infectious disease with severe neurological sequelae and a high mortality rate, in which Escherichia coli is one of the primary Gram-negative etiological bacteria. Meningitic E. coli infection is often accompanied by an elevated blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. BBB is the structural and functional barrier composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), astrocytes, and pericytes, and we have previously shown that astrocytes-derived TGFβ1 physiologically maintained the BBB permeability by triggering a non-canonical hedgehog signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Here, we subsequently demonstrated that meningitic E. coli infection could subvert this intercellular communication within BBB by attenuating TGFBRII/Gli2-mediated such signaling. By high-throughput screening, we identified E. coli α-hemolysin as the critical determinant responsible for this attenuation through Sp1-dependent TGFBRII reduction and triggering Ca2+ influx and protein kinase A activation, thus leading to Gli2 suppression. Additionally, the exogenous hedgehog agonist SAG exhibited promising protection against the infection-caused BBB dysfunction. Our work revealed a hedgehog-targeted pathogenic mechanism during meningitic E. coli-caused BBB disruption and suggested that activating hedgehog signaling within BBB could be a potential protective strategy for future therapy of bacterial meningitis.
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10
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Espinosa-Vinals CA, Masin J, Holubova J, Stanek O, Jurnecka D, Osicka R, Sebo P, Bumba L. Almost half of the RTX domain is dispensable for complement receptor 3 binding and cell-invasive activity of the Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100833. [PMID: 34051233 PMCID: PMC8214218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis secretes an adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that through its large carboxy-proximal Repeat-in-ToXin (RTX) domain binds the complement receptor 3 (CR3). The RTX domain consists of five blocks (I-V) of characteristic glycine and aspartate-rich nonapeptides that fold into five Ca2+-loaded parallel β-rolls. Previous work indicated that the CR3-binding structure comprises the interface of β-rolls II and III. To test if further portions of the RTX domain contribute to CR3 binding, we generated a construct with the RTX block II/III interface (CyaA residues 1132-1294) linked directly to the C-terminal block V fragment bearing the folding scaffold (CyaA residues 1562-1681). Despite deletion of 267 internal residues of the RTX domain, the Ca2+-driven folding of the hybrid block III/V β-roll still supported formation of the CR3-binding structure at the interface of β-rolls II and III. Moreover, upon stabilization by N- and C-terminal flanking segments, the block III/V hybrid-comprising constructs competed with CyaA for CR3 binding and induced formation of CyaA toxin-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Finally, a truncated CyaAΔ1295-1561 toxin bound and penetrated erythrocytes and CR3-expressing cells, showing that the deleted portions of RTX blocks III, IV, and V (residues 1295-1561) were dispensable for CR3 binding and for toxin translocation across the target cell membrane. This suggests that almost a half of the RTX domain of CyaA is not involved in target cell interaction and rather serves the purpose of toxin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angel Espinosa-Vinals
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Masin
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Holubova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stanek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Jurnecka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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George R, Gsottberger F, Ammon A, Wendland K, Mellenthin L, Mackensen A, Müller F. Triton X-114 and Amine-Based Wash Strategy Reduces Lipopolysaccharides to FDA Limit and Achieves Purer, More Potent Recombinant Immunotoxin. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:713-720. [PMID: 33793193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are still routinely expressed prokaryotically in Escherichia coli, some because they are toxic to eukaryotes. Immunotoxins, which are fusion proteins of a targeting moiety and a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A, kill target cells by arresting protein synthesis. Thus, immunotoxins must be expressed in E. coli. Proteins expressed in E. coli are contaminated by endotoxin (also called lipopolysaccharides (LPS)). LPS binds to toll-like receptors, inducing up to life-threatening systemic inflammation in mammals. Therefore, accepted LPS limits for therapeutics as well as for substances used in immunological studies in animals are very low. Here, we report the use of Triton X-114 and polyamine-based wash strategies, which only in combination achieved LPS-contamination well below FDA limits. Resulting LPS-reduced immunotoxins were purer and up to 2.4-fold more active in vitro. Increased activity was associated with a 2.4-fold increase in affinity on cell surface expressed target antigen. The combination method maintained enzymatic function, protein stability, and in vivo efficacy and was effective for Fab as well as dsFv formats. With some modifications, the principle of this novel combination may be applied to any chromatography-based purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka George
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Gsottberger
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Ammon
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wendland
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Mellenthin
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Silva F, Sitia L, Allevi R, Bonizzi A, Sevieri M, Morasso C, Truffi M, Corsi F, Mazzucchelli S. Combined Method to Remove Endotoxins from Protein Nanocages for Drug Delivery Applications: The Case of Human Ferritin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020229. [PMID: 33562060 PMCID: PMC7915212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein nanocages represent an emerging candidate among nanoscaled delivery systems. Indeed, they display unique features that proved to be very interesting from the nanotechnological point of view such as uniform structure, stability in biological fluids, suitability for surface modification to insert targeting moieties and loading with different drugs and dyes. However, one of the main concerns regards the production as recombinant proteins in E. coli, which leads to a product with high endotoxin contamination, resulting in nanocage immunogenicity and pyrogenicity. Indeed, a main challenge in the development of protein-based nanoparticles is finding effective procedures to remove endotoxins without affecting protein stability, since every intravenous injectable formulation that should be assessed in preclinical and clinical phase studies should display endotoxins concentration below the admitted limit of 5 EU/kg. Different strategies could be employed to achieve such a result, either by using affinity chromatography or detergents. However, these strategies are not applicable to protein nanocages as such and require implementations. Here we propose a combined protocol to remove bacterial endotoxins from nanocages of human H-ferritin, which is one of the most studied and most promising protein-based drug delivery systems. This protocol couples the affinity purification with the Endotrap HD resin to a treatment with Triton X-114. Exploiting this protocol, we were able to obtain excellent levels of purity maintaining good protein recovery rates, without affecting nanocage interactions with target cells. Indeed, binding assay and confocal microscopy experiments confirm that purified H-ferritin retains its capability to specifically recognize cancer cells. This procedure allowed to obtain injectable formulations, which is preliminary to move to a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Silva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Leopoldo Sitia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Raffaele Allevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (L.S.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.M.)
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13
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Knuutila A, Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Osicka R, Sebo P, He Q. Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020180. [PMID: 33513780 PMCID: PMC7912298 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of pertussis is mainly based on anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies. Since PT is included in all acellular vaccines (ACV), serological assays do not differentiate antibodies induced by ACVs and infection. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is not included in the ACVs, which makes it a promising candidate for pertussis serology with the specific aim of separating infection- and ACV-induced antibodies. A multiplex lateral flow test with PT and ACT antigens was developed to measure serum antibodies from pertussis-seropositive patients (n = 46), healthy controls (n = 102), and subjects who received a booster dose of ACV containing PT, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin (n = 67) with paired sera collected before and one month after the vaccination. If the diagnosis was solely based on anti-PT antibodies, 98.5–44.8% specificity (before and after vaccination, respectively) and 78.2% sensitivity were achieved, whereas if ACT was used in combination with PT, the sensitivity of the assay increased to 91.3% without compromising specificity. No increase in the level of anti-ACT antibodies was found after vaccination. This exploratory study indicates that the use of ACT for serology would be beneficial in combination with a lower quantitative cutoff for anti-PT antibodies, and particularly in children and adolescents who frequently receive booster vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Knuutila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Radim Osicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.O.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Sebo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.O.); (P.S.)
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (A.-M.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xi Tou Tiao, You’an Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
- Research Center for Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-504-722-255
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14
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Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Inhibits Bordetella pertussis Clearance from the Nasal Mucosa of Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040695. [PMID: 33228165 PMCID: PMC7711433 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis whole-cell vaccines (wP) caused a spectacular drop of global pertussis incidence, but since the replacement of wP with acellular pertussis vaccines (aP), pertussis has resurged in developed countries within 7 to 12 years of the change from wP to aP. In the mouse infection model, we examined whether addition of further protective antigens into the aP vaccine, such as type 2 and type 3 fimbriae (FIM2/3) with outer membrane lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and/or of the adenylate cyclase toxoid (dACT), which elicits antibodies neutralizing the CyaA toxin, could enhance the capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent colonization of the nasal mucosa by B. pertussis. The addition of the toxoid and of the opsonizing antibody-inducing agglutinogens modestly enhanced the already high capacity of intraperitoneally-administered aP vaccine to elicit sterilizing immunity, protecting mouse lungs from B. pertussis infection. At the same time, irrespective of FIM2/3 with LOS and dACT addition, the aP vaccination ablated the natural capacity of BALB/c mice to clear B. pertussis infection from the nasal cavity. While wP or sham-vaccinated animals cleared the nasal infection with similar kinetics within 7 weeks, administration of the aP vaccine promoted persistent colonization of mouse nasal mucosa by B. pertussis.
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15
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Production of Highly Active Recombinant Dermonecrotic Toxin of Bordetella Pertussis. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090596. [PMID: 32942577 PMCID: PMC7551409 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Bordetella bacteria release a neurotropic dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) that is endocytosed into animal cells and permanently activates the Rho family GTPases by polyamination or deamidation of the glutamine residues in their switch II regions (e.g., Gln63 of RhoA). DNT was found to enable high level colonization of the nasal cavity of pigs by B. bronchiseptica and the capacity of DNT to inhibit differentiation of nasal turbinate bone osteoblasts causes atrophic rhinitis in infected pigs. However, it remains unknown whether DNT plays any role also in virulence of the human pathogen B. pertussis and in pathogenesis of the whooping cough disease. We report a procedure for purification of large amounts of LPS-free recombinant DNT that exhibits a high biological activity on cells expressing the DNT receptors Cav3.1 and Cav3.2. Electron microscopy and single particle image analysis of negatively stained preparations revealed that the DNT molecule adopts a V-shaped structure with well-resolved protein domains. These results open the way to structure–function studies on DNT and its interactions with airway epithelial layers.
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16
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Abstract
RTX-Toxins (Repeats in ToXin) are members of a rapidly expanding family of proteins [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Benz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campusring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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