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Du B, Haensch R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1524-1536. [PMID: 38561998 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Robert Haensch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 1, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
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Winkiel MJ, Chowański S, Sulli M, Diretto G, Słocińska M. Analysis of glycoalkaloid distribution in the tissues of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). Sci Rep 2024; 14:16540. [PMID: 39020013 PMCID: PMC11254912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanine (SOL) and chaconine (CHA) are glycoalkaloids (GAs) produced mainly by Solanum plants. These plant secondary metabolites affect insect metabolism; thus, they have the potential to be applied as natural plant protection products. However, it is not known which GA concentration induces physiological changes in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of SOL and CHA in the larvae of Tenebrio molitor using LC‒MS to assess how quickly they are eliminated or metabolised. In this experiment, the beetles were injected with 2 μL of 10-5 M SOL or CHA solution, which corresponds to a dosage range of 0.12-0.14 ng/mg body mass. Then, 0.5, 1.5, 8, and 24 h after GA application, the haemolymph (H), gut (G), and the remainder of the larval body (FB) were isolated. GAs were detected in all samples tested for 24 h, with the highest percentage of the amount applied in the FB, while the highest concentration was measured in the H sample. The SOL and CHA concentrations decreased in the haemolymph over time, while they did not change in other tissues. CHA had the highest elimination rate immediately after injection, while SOL slightly later. None of the GA hydrolysis products were detected in the tested samples. One possible mechanism of the detoxification of GAs may be oxidation and/or sequestration. They may be excreted by Malpighian tubules, with faeces or with cuticles during moulting. The results presented are significant because they facilitate the interpretation of studies related to the effects of toxic substances on insect metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Joanna Winkiel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Sulli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Mili C, Dowarah B, Dutta C, Laskar RA, Tayung K, Boruah T. A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of the genus Antidesma L. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106023. [PMID: 38772510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The genus Antidesma L. (Phyllanthaceae) consists of 102 species and is distributed throughout the subtropical, temperate, and subpolar regions. Numerous species in this genus are employed in ethnomedical practices to treat a range of ailments including anaemia, diabetes, herpes, skin infections, typhoid, throat and lung diseases, gastrointestinal, jaundice, rheumatic, and many more diseases. This review aimed to highlight the ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemical components, biological activities, and future research opportunities of the genus. A total number of 112 research papers published between the period 1977 and 2023 were considered and reviewed were retrieved from scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier Scient Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The literature study revealed that both plant extracts and phytochemicals exhibited a wide range of biological activities including antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, and many other activities. Overall, a total number of 236 compounds have been encountered from the different species of Antidesma. These compounds belong to different chemical groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, lignans, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, and others. Three compounds such as antidesmone, amentoflavone, and β-sitosterol were found to be possible chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Antisema. Furthermore, only 16 species have been investigated in the context of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus so far. This review could serve as a comprehensive resource for future research in drug discovery and also lay the groundwork for the exploration of additional species within this genus for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Mili
- Department of Botany, B.P. Chaliha College, Nagarbera, Kamrup, Assam 781127, India.
| | - Bhaskar Dowarah
- Department of Botany, Bahona College, Bahona, Jorhat, Assam 785101, India
| | - Champak Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Bahona College, Bahona, Jorhat, Assam 785101, India
| | - Rafiul Amin Laskar
- Department of Botany, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Kumanand Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Tridip Boruah
- Department of Botany, Madhab Choudhury College, Barpeta, Assam 781301, India
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Soares Ribeiro Nogueira T, Gonçalves Curcino Vieira M, Rodrigues da Silva Robaina R, Braz-Filho R, da Costa Gontijo D, Braga de Oliveira A, Curcino Vieira IJ. An update review on monoterpene indole alkaloids and biological activities of Tabernaemontana species occurring in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117921. [PMID: 38369065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Tabernaemontana genus belongs to the Apocynaceae family of which 30 species are found in Brazil. Some Tabernaemontana species are used by Brazilian indigenous people and other communities, or are listed in the Yanomami Pharmacopeia. Ethnopharmacological data include use(s) for muscle problems, depressed sternum, back pain, abscess, indigestion, eye irritation, earache, itching, vaginal discharge, as an aid for older people who are slow and forgetful, mosquito and snake bites, infection by the human botfly larvae, calmative, and fever. Obviously, many of these uses are attributed to the alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim is to gather information on Tabernaemontana species occurring in Brazil, as sources of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). In addition, we aim to collect reported experimental demonstrations of their biological activity, which may provide the foundation for further studies, including phytochemistry, the development of medicinal agents, and validation of phytopreparations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Brazilian Flora 2020 database was used as source for Tabernamontana species occurring in Brazil. The literature review on these species was collected from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Scifinder. The keywords included names and synonyms of Tabernaemontana species found in Brazil, which were validated by the Word Flora Online Plant List. RESULTS A literature survey covering the time frame from 1960 until June 2023 resulted in 121 MIAs, including 48 not yet reported in the last review published in 2016. Some alkaloid extracts, fractions, and isolated alkaloids present evidenced biological activity, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, and against snake venoms, among others. Notably, ethnopharmacological based information has been the basis of some reports on Tabernaemontana species. CONCLUSIONS Our literature survey shows that Tabernaemontana species present bioactive MIAs, such as voacamine and affinisine, demonstrating significant cytotoxicity activity against several tumoral cell lines. Those compounds can be considered promising candidates in the search for new anticancer drugs. However, the Amazonian plant biome is increasingly damaged, which may lead to the extinction of biological diversity. This threat may also affect Tabernaemontana species, which have scarcely been investigated regarding the potential of their phytochemicals for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalya Soares Ribeiro Nogueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Milena Gonçalves Curcino Vieira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, campus Campos-Centro, Rua Dr. Siqueira, 273, Parque Tamandaré, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28030-130, Brazil
| | - Renata Rodrigues da Silva Robaina
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas da Costa Gontijo
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Fármácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Avenida Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
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Abass S, Parveen R, Irfan M, Malik Z, Husain SA, Ahmad S. Mechanism of antibacterial phytoconstituents: an updated review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:325. [PMID: 38913205 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The increase of multiple drug resistance bacteria significantly diminishes the effectiveness of antibiotic armory and subsequently exaggerates the level of therapeutic failure. Phytoconstituents are exceptional substitutes for resistance-modifying vehicles. The plants appear to be a deep well for the discovery of novel antibacterial compounds. This is owing to the numerous enticing characteristics of plants, they are easily accessible and inexpensive, extracts or chemicals derived from plants typically have significant levels of action against infections, and they rarely cause serious adverse effects. The enormous selection of phytochemicals offers very distinct chemical structures that may provide both novel mechanisms of antimicrobial activity and deliver us with different targets in the interior of the bacterial cell. They can directly affect bacteria or act together with the crucial events of pathogenicity, in this manner decreasing the aptitude of bacteria to create resistance. Abundant phytoconstituents demonstrate various mechanisms of action toward multi drug resistance bacteria. Overall, this comprehensive review will provide insights into the potential of phytoconstituents as alternative treatments for bacterial infections, particularly those caused by multi drug resistance strains. By examining the current state of research in this area, the review will shed light on potential future directions for the development of new antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sageer Abass
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Zoya Malik
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Dissanayake DMIH, Alsherbiny MA, Stack C, Chang D, Li CG, Kaur K, Bhuyan DJ. Exploring the broad-spectrum pharmacological activity of two less studied Australian native fruits: chemical characterisation using LCMS-driven metabolomics. Food Funct 2024; 15:6610-6628. [PMID: 38812404 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Australian fruits such as native currant (Acrotriche depressa) and lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula) are under-examined in terms of their therapeutic potential. In this study, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of native currant and lemon aspen extracts (water and ethanol) against MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was determined using the Alamar blue assay. The most potent extracts (native currant water, NC-W; native currant ethanol, NC-Et; lemon aspen ethanol, LA-Et) were further evaluated using flow cytometry to detect the potential induction of apoptosis in MCF7 cells whereas 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay was implemented to understand the impact of the extracts on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)], and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) assays. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of NC-W, NC-Et, and LA-Et was carried out against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and yeast (Candida albicans) strains using a resazurin-based assay. Additionally, potential metabolites in the NC-W and NC-Et extracts were analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) driven metabolomics and chemometrics to spot differential and major metabolites. A dose-dependent antiproliferative activity was conferred by the NC extracts against MCF7 cells. Of the two LA extracts, only LA-Et showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative activity at higher concentrations. Both NC extracts and LA-Et induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells. None of the extracts increased the production of ROS significantly in MCF7 cells compared to the untreated control. A dose-dependent antioxidant activity was observed in both antioxidant assays. Both NC and LA extracts showed a similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against S. aureus. Only LA-Et showed activity against E. coli, while NC-W and NC-Et were less active. All extracts showed MIC values of >1500 μg mL-1 against C. albicans. The metabolomics analysis revealed an abundance of flavonoids, fatty acyl derivatives, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and alkaloid compounds as potential bioactive metabolites in the NC extracts. In conclusion, both NC and LA showed antiproliferative (against MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis), strong antioxidant and minimal antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad A Alsherbiny
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Colin Stack
- School of Science, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- School of Science, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW 2560, Australia
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Jia W, Lin X, Chen X, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang B, Chen X, Chen J, Tian H. Rujifang inhibits triple-negative breast cancer growth via the PI3K/AKT pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118011. [PMID: 38467320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rujifang (RJF) constitutes a traditional Chinese medicinal compound extensively employed in the management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, information regarding its potential active ingredients, antitumor effects, safety, and mechanism of action remains unreported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the efficacy and safety of RJF in the context of TNBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray four-pole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) to scrutinize the chemical constituents of RJF. Subcutaneously transplanted tumor models were utilized to assess the impact of RJF on TNBC in vivo. Thirty female BLAB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: the model group, cyclophosphamide group, and RJF high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups. A total of 1 × 106 4T1 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right shoulder of mice, and they were administered treatments for a span of 28 days. We conducted evaluations on blood parameters, encompassing white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelet count (PLT), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, as well as hepatorenal indicators including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), albumin, and creatinine (CRE) to gauge the safety of RJF. Ki67 and TUNEL were detected via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. We prepared RJF drug-containing serum for TNBC cell lines and assessed the in vitro inhibitory effect of RJF on tumor cell growth through the CCK8 assay and cell cycle analysis. RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression of cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in tumor tissues, and Western blot was carried out to ascertain the expression of cyclin and pathway-related proteins. RESULTS 100 compounds were identified in RJF, which consisted of 3 flavonoids, 24 glycosides, 18 alkaloids, 3 amino acids, 8 phenylpropanoids, 6 terpenes, 20 organic acids, and 18 other compounds. In animal experiments, both CTX and RJF exhibited substantial antitumor effects. RJF led to an increase in the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood, with no significant impact on other hematological indices. In contrast, CTX reduced red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and white blood cell count, while increasing platelet count. RJF exhibited no discernible influence on hepatorenal function, whereas Cyclophosphamide (CTX) decreased ALP, GOT, and GPT levels. Both CTX and RJF reduced the expression of Ki67 and heightened the occurrence of apoptosis in tumor tissue. RJF drug-containing serum hindered the viability of 4T1 and MD-MBA-231 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. In cell cycle experiments, RJF diminished the proportion of G2 phase cells and arrested the cell cycle at the S phase. RT-PCR analysis indicated that RJF down-regulated the mRNA expression of CDK2 and CDK4, while up-regulating that of P21 and P27 in tumor tissue. The trends in CDKs and CDKIs protein expression mirrored those of mRNA expression. Moreover, the PI3K/AKT pathway displayed downregulation in the tumor tissue of mice treated with RJF. CONCLUSION RJF demonstrates effectiveness and safety in the context of TNBC. It exerts anti-tumor effects by arresting the cell cycle at the S phase through the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jia
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuezhang Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuzhuo Zhang
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinsong Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xikang Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huaqin Tian
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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Nieto JA, Rosés C, Viadel B, Gallego E, Romo-Hualde A, Milagro FI, Barceló A, Virto R, Saldaña G, Luengo E. Sourdough bread enriched with exopolysaccharides and gazpacho by-products modulates in vitro the microbiota dysbiosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132906. [PMID: 38851991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Sourdough bread enriched with soluble fiber (by in-situ exopolysaccharides production) and insoluble fiber (by gazpacho by-products addition) showed prebiotic effects an in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with obese volunteer's microbiota. Bifidobacterium population was maintained whereas Lactobacillus increased throughout the colonic sections. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium groups clearly decreased. Specific bacteria associated with beneficial effects increased in the ascending colon (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) whereas Eubacterium eligens, Alistipes senegalensis, Prevotella copri and Eubacterium desmolans increased in the transversal and descending colon. Additionally, Blautia faecis and Ruminococcus albus increased in the transversal colon, and Bifidobacterium longum, Roseburia faecis and Victivallis vadensis in the descending colon. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus fermented the in-situ exopolysaccharides and released pectins from gazpacho by-products, as well as cellulosic degraded bacteria. This increased the short and medium chain fatty acids. Acetic acid, as well as butyric acid, increased throughout the colonic tract, which showed greater increases only in the transversal and descending colonic segments. Conversely, propionic acid was slightly affected by the colonic fermentation. These results show that sourdough bread is a useful food matrix for the enrichment of vegetable by-products (or other fibers) in order to formulate products with microbiota modulatory capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Nieto
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain; Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, E46002 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carles Rosés
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Blanca Viadel
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Elisa Gallego
- Centro Tecnológico Ainia, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Barceló
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Raquel Virto
- Centro Nacional de Tecnología y Seguridad Alimentaria (CNTA), Carretera-Na134-km 53, San Adrian 31570, Navarra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Saldaña
- NOVAPAN S.L., Research & Development Department, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Luengo
- NOVAPAN S.L., Research & Development Department, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain
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Di Dalmazi G, Giuliani C, Bucci I, Mascitti M, Napolitano G. Promising Role of Alkaloids in the Prevention and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5395. [PMID: 38791433 PMCID: PMC11121374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) and thyroid autoimmune disorders (AITD) are among the most common diseases in the general population, with higher incidence in women. Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Some studies, indeed, have pointed out the presence of AITD as a risk factor for TC, although this issue remains controversial. Prevention of autoimmune disease and cancer is the ultimate goal for clinicians and scientists, but it is not always feasible. Thus, new treatments, that overcome the current barriers to prevention and treatment of TC and AITD are needed. Alkaloids are secondary plant metabolites endowed with several biological activities including anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. In this perspective, alkaloids may represent a promising source of prophylactic and therapeutic agents for TC and AITD. This review encompasses the current published literature on alkaloids effects on TC and AITD, with a specific focus on the pathways involved in TC and AITD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Dalmazi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (I.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cesidio Giuliani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (I.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (I.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (I.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (I.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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10
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Mohebbi A, Eskandarzadeh M, Zangi H, Fatehi M. In silico study of alkaloids with quercetin nucleus for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 protease and receptor cell protease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298201. [PMID: 38626042 PMCID: PMC11020608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 disease caused by the deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus is a serious and threatening global health issue declared by the WHO as an epidemic. Researchers are studying the design and discovery of drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to its high mortality rate. The main Covid-19 virus protease (Mpro) and human transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are attractive targets for the study of antiviral drugs against SARS-2 coronavirus. Increasing consumption of herbal medicines in the community and a serious approach to these drugs have increased the demand for effective herbal substances. Alkaloids are one of the most important active ingredients in medicinal plants that have wide applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, seven alkaloid ligands with Quercetin nucleus for the inhibition of Mpro and TMPRSS2 were studied using computational drug design including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Auto Dock software was used to evaluate molecular binding energy. Three ligands with the most negative docking score were selected to be entered into the MD simulation procedure. To evaluate the protein conformational changes induced by tested ligands and calculate the binding energy between the ligands and target proteins, GROMACS software based on AMBER03 force field was used. The MD results showed that Phyllospadine and Dracocephin-A form stable complexes with Mpro and TMPRSS2. Prolinalin-A indicated an acceptable inhibitory effect on Mpro, whereas it resulted in some structural instability of TMPRSS2. The total binding energies between three ligands, Prolinalin-A, Phyllospadine and Dracocephin-A and two proteins MPro and TMRPSS2 are (-111.235 ± 15.877, - 75.422 ± 11.140), (-107.033 ± 9.072, -84.939 ± 10.155) and (-102.941 ± 9.477, - 92.451 ± 10.539), respectively. Since the binding energies are at a minimum, this indicates confirmation of the proper binding of the ligands to the proteins. Regardless of some Prolinalin-A-induced TMPRSS2 conformational changes, it may properly bind to TMPRSS2 binding site due to its acceptable binding energy. Therefore, these three ligands can be promising candidates for the development of drugs to treat infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Eskandarzadeh
- Research Committee of Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Zangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzie Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Xiao X, Huan Q, Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li R, Wang M, Wang Z. Gramine sensitizes Klebsiella pneumoniae to tigecycline killing. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155421. [PMID: 38430819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of plasmid-mediated resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump gene cluster tmexCD1-toprJ1 and its related variants has been associated with heightened resistance to tigecycline, thus diminishing its effectiveness. In this study, we explored the potential of gramine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, as an innovative adjuvant to enhance the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae carrying tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters. METHODS The synergistic potential of gramine in combination with antibiotics against both planktonic and drug-tolerant multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales was evaluated using the checkerboard microbroth dilution technique and time-killing curve analyses. Afterwards, the proton motive force (PMF) of cell membrane, the function of efflux pump and the activity of antioxidant system were determined by fluorescence assay and RT-PCR. The intracellular accumulation of tigecycline was evaluated by HPLC-MS/MS. The respiration rate, bacterial ATP level and the NAD+/NADH ratio were investigated to reveal the metabolism state. Finally, the safety of gramine was assessed through hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity assays. Two animal infection models were used to evaluate the in vivo synergistic effect. RESULTS Gramine significantly potentiated tigecycline and ciprofloxacin activity against tmexCD1-toprJ1 and its variants-positive pathogens. Importantly, the synergistic activity was also observed against bacteria in special physiological states such as biofilms and persister cells. The mechanism study showed that gramine possesses the capability to augment tigecycline accumulation within cells by disrupting the proton motive force (PMF) and inhibiting the efflux pump functionality. In addition, the bacterial respiration rate, intracellular ATP level and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were promoted under the treatment of gramine. Notably, gramine effectively restored tigecycline activity in multiple animal infection models infected by tmexCD1-toprJ1 positive K. pneumoniae (RGF105-1). CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence of gramine's therapeutic potential as a novel tigecycline adjuvant for treating infections caused by K. pneumoniae carrying tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Quanmin Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mianzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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12
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Omar R, Abd El-Salam M, Elsbaey M, Hassan M. Fourteen immunomodulatory alkaloids and two prenylated phenylpropanoids with dual therapeutic approach for COVID-19: molecular docking and dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2298-2315. [PMID: 37116054 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2204973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health burden. To date, there is no highly effective antiviral therapy to eradicate the virus; as a result, researchers are racing to introduce new potential therapeutic agents. Alternatively, traditional immunity boosters and symptomatic treatment based on natural bioactive compounds are also an option. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) crystal structure, the main proteolytic enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, has been unraveled, allowing the development of effective protease inhibitors via in silico and biological studies. In COVID-19 infected patients, the loss of lung function, and mortality are reported to be linked to several inflammatory mediators and cytokines. In this context, the approach of introducing immunomodulatory agents may be considered a dual lifesaving strategy in combination with antiviral drugs. This study aims to provide immunomodulatory natural products exhibiting potential protease inhibitory activities. Selected groups of alkaloids of different classes and two prenylated phenylpropanoids from the Brazilian green propolis were in silico screened for their ability to inhibit COVID-19 3CLpro protease. Results showed that compounds exhibited binding energy scores with values ranging from -6.96 to -3.70 compared to the reference synthetic protease inhibitor O6K with a binding energy score of -7.57. O6K binding energy was found comparable with lead phytochemicals in our study, while their toxicity and drug-likeness criteria are better than that of O6K. The activities of these molecules are mainly ascribed to their ability to form hydrogen bonding with 3CLpro crucial amino acid residues of the catalytic site. In addition, the molecular dynamics simulations further showed that some of these compounds formed stable complexes as evidenced by the occupancy fraction measurements. The study suggested that the major immunomodulators 3β, 20α-diacetamido-5α-pregnane, (20S)-(benzamido)-3β-(N,N-dimethyamino)-pregnane, and baccharin are 3CLpro inhibitors. Biological screenings of these phytochemicals will be valuable to experimentally validate and consolidate the results of this study before a rigid conclusion is reached, which may pave the way for the development of efficient modulatory bioactive compounds with dual bioactions in COVID-19 intervention. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marwa Elsbaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Madiha Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Alamzeb M, Shah SWA, Hussain H, Zahoor M, Ahmad S, Mughal EU, Ahmad S, Ullah I, Khan S, Ullah A, Ghias M, Ullah R, Ali EA. Beneficial Effects of Natural Alkaloids from Berberis glaucocarpa as Antidiabetic Agents: An In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9813-9822. [PMID: 38434828 PMCID: PMC10905588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal rise in blood sugar (glucose) levels brought on by a complete or partial lack of insulin secretion along with corresponding changes in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It has been reported that medicinal plants play a pivotal role in the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The current study involved exploring the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity of berberine (WA1), palmatine (WA2), and 8-trichloromethyl dihydroberberine (WA3) previously isolated from Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight and blood glucose level were assessed on a day interval for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. In an acute toxicity profile, the WA1, WA2, and WA3 were determined to be nontoxic up to 500 mg/kg (b.w). After the second and third weeks of treatment (14 and 21 days), the blood glucose levels in the WA1-, WA2-, and WA3-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (476.81 ± 8.65 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). On the 21st day, there was a decrease in the blood glucose level and the results obtained were 176.33 ± 4.69, 197.21 ± 4.80, and 161.99 ± 4.75 mg/dL (n = 8, P < 0.001) for WA1, WA2, and WA3 at 12 mg/kg, respectively, as opposed to the diabetic control group (482.87 ± 7.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001). Upon comparison with the diabetic group at the end of the study (28 days), a substantial drop in the glucose level of WA3 at 12 mg/kg (110.56 ± 4.11 mg/dL, n = 8, P < 0.001) was observed that was almost near the values of the normal control group. The treated groups (WA1, WA2, and WA3) treated with the samples displayed a significant decline in the levels of HbA1c. Treatment of the samples dramatically lowered the lipid level profile. In groups treated with samples, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly lowered [F (5, 42) = 100.6, n = 8, P < 0.001]; these levels were also significantly decreased [F (5, 42) = 129.6 and 91.17, n = 8, P < 0.001]. In contrast to the diabetes group, all treated groups had significantly higher HDL levels [F (5, 42) = 15.46, n = 8, P < 0.001]. As a result, hypolipidemic activity was anticipated in the samples. In addition to that, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was considerably elevated in the groups treated with the sample compared to the diabetic control group (n = 8, P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kotli Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haya Hussain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | | | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department
of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, School of Pharmacy and Medical
Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir (Upper) 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Cao X, Cheng XW, Liu YY, Dai HW, Gan RY. Inhibition of pathogenic microbes in oral infectious diseases by natural products: Sources, mechanisms, and challenges. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127548. [PMID: 38016378 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of oral health is of utmost importance for an individual's holistic well-being and standard of living. Within the oral cavity, symbiotic microorganisms actively safeguard themselves against potential foreign diseases by upholding a multifaceted equilibrium. Nevertheless, the occurrence of an imbalance can give rise to a range of oral infectious ailments, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Presently, clinical interventions encompass the physical elimination of pathogens and the administration of antibiotics to regulate bacterial and fungal infections. Given the limitations of various antimicrobial drugs frequently employed in dental practice, the rising incidence of oral inflammation, and the escalating bacterial resistance to antibiotics, it is imperative to explore alternative remedies that are dependable, efficacious, and affordable for the prevention and management of oral infectious ailments. There is an increasing interest in the creation of novel antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources, which possess attributes such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of natural products on the development and progression of oral infectious diseases. Specifically, these products exert their influences by mitigating dental biofilm formation, impeding the proliferation of oral pathogens, and hindering bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces. The review also encompasses an examination of the various classes of natural products, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their potential therapeutic applications and limitations in the context of oral infections. The insights garnered from this review can support the promising application of natural products as viable therapeutic options for managing oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xing-Wang Cheng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yin-Ying Liu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hong-Wei Dai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
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15
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Parveen S, Maurya N, Meena A, Luqman S. Cinchonine: A Versatile Pharmacological Agent Derived from Natural Cinchona Alkaloids. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:343-363. [PMID: 38031797 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266270796231109171808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinchonine is one of the Cinchona alkaloids that is commercially extracted from the Peruvian bark of Cinchona officinalis L. (Family: Rubiaceae). It is also obtained in much lower quantities from other species of Cinchona, such as Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona succirubra, and Cinchona pubescens, and in some other plants, such as Remijia peruviana. Cinchonine has been historically used as an anti-malarial agent. It also has a wide range of other biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antimicrobial, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-osteoclast differentiation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE This review discusses the pharmacological activity of cinchonine under different experimental conditions, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. It also covers the compound's physicochemical properties, toxicological aspects, and pharmacokinetics. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive literature search was conducted on multiple online databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The aim was to retrieve a wide range of review/research papers and bibliographic sources. The process involved applying exclusion and inclusion criteria to ensure the selection of relevant and high-quality papers. RESULTS Cinchonine has numerous pharmacological properties, making it a promising compound for various therapeutic applications. It induces anti-cancer activity by activating caspase-3 and PARP-1, and triggers the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. It up-regulates GRP78 and promotes the phosphorylation of PERK and ETIF-2α. Cinchonine also inhibits osteoclastogenesis, inhibiting TAK1 activation and suppressing NFATc1 expression by regulating AP-1 and NF-κB. Its potential anti-inflammatory effects reduce the impact of high-fat diets, making it suitable for targeting obesity-related diseases. However, research on cinchonine is limited, and further studies are needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential. Further investigation is needed to ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical applications. CONCLUSION Overall, this review article explains the pharmacological activity of cinchonine, its synthesis, and physicochemical properties, toxicological aspects, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Parveen
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Maurya
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Efosa JO, Omage K, Azeke MA. Drying temperature affects the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx in rats induced with L-NAME. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:177-188. [PMID: 37719201 PMCID: PMC10504460 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of different drying temperatures on the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx was evaluated. The calyx were dried under different temperature conditions (- 58 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C), and extracted with a solvent mixture of ethanol and water (1:4 % w/v). To induce hypertension, the rats were administered with 40 mg/kg body weight dose of N-nitro L-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME), via the intra-gastric route. H. sabdariffa extract was administered orally, at varying doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to the rats. Afterwards, the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive potentials of the extracts were evaluated using standard validated methods. Induction with L-NAME significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels, significantly decreased the HDL levels; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of LPO/MDA, H2O2, and decreased GPx, and SOD activities; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pressures (diastolic and systolic); significantly (p < 0.05) increased ACE and arginase activities, glucose level, and significantly decreased nitric oxide activity. Treatment with H. sabdariffa extract significantly (p < 0.05) reversed these trends in the hypertensive experimental rats. The hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive properties of the extract from the calyx of H. sabdariffa, which varies with the drying temperatures of the calyx, portends its potential as a curative agent in the treatment of hypertensive conditions, and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osarenren Efosa
- Department of Physical Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marshall Arebojie Azeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Edo State, Nigeria
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Ajiboye BO, Dada S, Fatoba HO, Lawal OE, Oyeniran OH, Adetuyi OY, Olatunde A, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE. Dalbergiella welwitschia (Baker) Baker f. alkaloid-rich extracts attenuate liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115681. [PMID: 37837880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the Dalbergiella welwitschia alkaloid-rich extracts on liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence, to induce diabetes, 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected into the Wistar rats. Subsequently, 5 % (w/v) of glucose water was given to the induced animals for 24 h. Thus, the animals (48) were grouped into five groups (n = 8), containing normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats placed on low (50 mg/kg body weight) and high (100 mg/kg body weight) doses of D. welwitschi alkaloid-rich leaf extracts (i.e. DWL and DWH respectively), and diabetic rats administered 200 mg/kg body weight of metformin (MET). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of the experiment, blood and liver were harvested, and different liver damage biomarkers were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic AST, ALT, albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPX levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. Also, diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in GGT and MDA levels, as well as, fragmented DNA and protein carbonyl levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. In addition, histological examination revealed that diabetic rats placed on DWL, DWH and MET normalized the hepatocytes. Consequently, it can be inferred that alkaloid-rich extracts from D. welwitschi leaf could be helpful in improving liver damage associated with diabetes mellitus rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - S Dada
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - H O Fatoba
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O E Lawal
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O H Oyeniran
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O Y Adetuyi
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A Olatunde
- Phytomedicine and Natural Products Drug Discovery, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - M Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - J Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - D Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - B E Oyinloye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, South Africa
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18
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Rani R, Sethi K, Gupta S, Virmani N, Kumar S, Kumar R. Intracellular ROS production and apoptotic effect of quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids on the growth of Trypanosoma evansi. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106980. [PMID: 37419379 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi, a hemoflagellate poses huge economic threat to the livestock industry of several countries of Asia, Africa, South America and Europe continents of the world. Limited number of available chemical drugs, incidents of growing drug resistance, and related side effects encouraged the use of herbal substitutes. In the present investigation, the impact of six alkaloids of quinoline and isoquinoline group was evaluated on the growth and multiplication of Trypanosoma evansi and their cytotoxic effect was examined on horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro system. Quinine, quinindine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, berbamine and emetine showed potent trypanocidal activities with IC50/24 h values 6.631 ± 0.244, 8.718 ± 0.081, 16.96 ± 0.816, 33.38 ± 0.653, 2.85 ± 0.065, and 3.12 ± 0.367 µM, respectively, which was comparable to the standard anti-trypanosomal drug, quinapyramine sulfate (20 µM). However, in the cytotoxicity assay, all the drugs showed dose dependent cytotoxic effect and quinine, berbamine and emetine showed selectivity index more than 5, based of ration of CC50 to IC50. Among the selected alkaloids, quinidine, berbamine and emetine exhibited higher apoptotic effects in T. evansi. Likewise, drug treated parasites showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, increased apoptosis in combination with ROS generation could be responsible for the observed trypanocidal effect which could be further evaluated in T. evansi-infected mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Rani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Khushboo Sethi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Nitin Virmani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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19
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Parveen S, Kumar S, Pal S, Yadav NP, Rajawat J, Banerjee M. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Piperlongumine for cancer treatment using nano-liposomes mediated delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123212. [PMID: 37429561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) is a well-known bioactive alkaloid that has been reported as a potent anticancer molecule but has failed to provide potential activity in translational and clinical applications due to some drawbacks like low bioavailability, hydrophobicity, and rapid degradation. However, nano-formulation is a good choice to increase the bioavailability and enhance cellular uptake of PL. In this study, PL loaded nano-liposomes (NPL) were formulated using the thin-film hydration method and analyzed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in order to treat cervical cancer. The NPL were thoroughly characterized using particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, SEM, AFM and FTIR. Different assays viz. MTT, AO/PI, DAPI, MMP, cell migration, DCFDA and apoptotic assay using Annexin V-FITC/PI were performed for anticancer potential of NPL in human cervical carcinoma cells (SiHa and HeLa). NPL showed enhanced cytotoxicity, diminished cell proliferation, reduced cell viability, enhanced nuclear condensation, reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited cell migration, increased ROS level and promoted more apoptosis in both human cervical cancer cell lines. These findings demonstrated that NPL may be a potential therapeutic option for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Parveen
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India; Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases (IAMGID), University of Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sarita Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Department Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Narayan Prasad Yadav
- Bioprospection and Product Department Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India.
| | - Jyotika Rajawat
- Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases (IAMGID), University of Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India; Institute of Advanced Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases (IAMGID), University of Lucknow, 226007, India.
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20
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Cely-Veloza W, Kato MJ, Coy-Barrera E. Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27862-27893. [PMID: 37576649 PMCID: PMC10413377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are nitrogen-containing compounds produced naturally as specialized metabolites distributed in plants and animals (e.g., frogs, sponges). The present review compiles the available information on the chemical diversity and biological activity of QAs reported during the last three decades. So far, 397 QAs have been isolated, gathering 20 different representative classes, including the most common such as matrine (13.6%), lupanine (9.8%), anagyrine (4.0%), sparteine (5.3%), cytisine (6.5%), tetrahydrocytisine (4.3%), lupinine (12.1%), macrocyclic bisquinolizidine (9.3%), biphenylquinolizidine lactone (7.1%), dimeric (7.1%), and other less known QAs (20.9%), which include several structural patterns of QAs. A detailed survey of the reported information about the bioactivities of these compounds indicated their potential as cytotoxic, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antiacetylcholinesterase compounds, involving favorable putative drug-likeness scores. In this regard, research progress on the structural and biological/pharmacological diversity of QAs requires further studies oriented on expanding the chemical space to find bioactive scaffolds based on QAs for pharmacological and agrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Cely-Veloza
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Massuo J. Kato
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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21
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Gjorgieva Ackova D, Maksimova V, Smilkov K, Buttari B, Arese M, Saso L. Alkaloids as Natural NRF2 Inhibitors: Chemoprevention and Cytotoxic Action in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:850. [PMID: 37375797 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a controller of cytoprotective actions, inflammation, and mitochondrial function through participating in the regulation of multiple genes in response to stress-inducing endogenous or exogenous stressors, the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) is considered the main cellular defense mechanism to maintain redox balance at cellular and tissue level. While a transient activation of NRF2 protects normal cells under oxidative stress, the hyperactivation of NRF2 in cancer cells may help them to survive and to adapt under oxidative stress. This can be detrimental and related to cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, inhibition of NRF2 activity may be an effective approach for sensitizing cancer cells to anticancer therapy. In this review, we examine alkaloids as NRF2 inhibitors from natural origin, their effects on cancer therapy, and/or as sensitizers of cancer cells to anticancer chemotherapeutics, and their potential clinical applications. Alkaloids, as inhibitor of the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway, can have direct (berberine, evodiamine, and diterpenic aconitine types of alkaloids) or indirect (trigonelline) therapeutic/preventive effects. The network linking alkaloid action with oxidative stress and NRF2 modulation may result in an increased NRF2 synthesis, nuclear translocation, as well in a downstream impact on the synthesis of endogenous antioxidants, effects strongly presumed to be the mechanism of action of alkaloids in inducing cancer cell death or promoting sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, the identification of additional alkaloids targeting the NRF2 pathway is desirable and the information arising from clinical trials will reveal the potential of these compounds as a promising target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Krste Misirkov Str., No. 10-A, P.O. Box 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Maksimova
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Krste Misirkov Str., No. 10-A, P.O. Box 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Krste Misirkov Str., No. 10-A, P.O. Box 201, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazz. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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22
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Zhou X, Zeng M, Huang F, Qin G, Song Z, Liu F. The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5. [PMID: 37272939 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antibiotic drugs worldwide and the global increase in the number of immunodeficient patients, fungal infections have become a serious threat to global public health security. Moreover, the evolution of fungal resistance to existing antifungal drugs is on the rise. To address these issues, the development of new antifungal drugs or fungal inhibitors needs to be targeted urgently. Plant secondary metabolites are characterized by a wide variety of chemical structures, low price, high availability, high antimicrobial activity, and few side effects. Therefore, plant secondary metabolites may be important resources for the identification and development of novel antifungal drugs. However, there are few studies to summarize those contents. In this review, the antifungal modes of action of plant secondary metabolites toward different types of fungi and fungal infections are covered, as well as highlighting immunomodulatory effects on the human body. This review of the literature should lay the foundation for research into new antifungal drugs and the discovery of new targets. KEY POINTS: • Immunocompromised patients who are infected the drug-resistant fungi are increasing. • Plant secondary metabolites toward various fungal targets are covered. • Plant secondary metabolites with immunomodulatory effect are verified in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Kemel M, Lahouel A, Zama D, Benayache S, Benayache F. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, diuretic and oral glucose tolerance activities of phenolic compound-rich fractions of Hammada articulata in Albino Wistar rats. Fitoterapia 2023; 167:105477. [PMID: 37004275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hammada articulata is a plant widely used by the locals of the Algerian Sahara for multiple medicinal purposes. However, little was known about its chemical composition and the mechanisms of its bioactivity. For this purpose, the derived extracts [chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH)] of the 80% ethanol extract of its aerial parts, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and anti-hyperglycemic activities in vivo. A preliminary phytochemical screening of H. articulata extracts showed the presence of a variety of secondary metabolites. RP-HPLC/DAD was used to analyze some fractions obtained by fractionation of the three derived extracts, by column chromatography and chosen because of the abundance and simplicity of their chemical composition. The fractions obtained from EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts showed a particular richness in phenolic compounds mainly naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and rutin, which were known for their many interesting biological activities. The three derived extracts from H. articulata were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced edema model in rats and their diuretic activity using hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as a diuretic reference. All extracts showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity; the highest was registered in the group treated with the n-BuOH extract. However, for the diuretic activity, only the chloroform extract was active, with a diuretic spectrum similar to that of the standard diuretic HCTZ. The anti-hyperglycemic effect was carried out on the three derived extracts administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg, using the glucose tolerance test after gavage with the extracts. The EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activity, improving oral glucose tolerance in normal rats.
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24
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Kaur B, Kumar B, Sirhindi G, Guleria N, Kaur J. Phenolic Biotransformations in Wheatgrass Juice after Primary and Secondary Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081624. [PMID: 37107419 PMCID: PMC10138189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented wheatgrass juice was prepared using a two-stage fermentation process by employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and recombinant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (alaD+). During fermentation, a reddish-brown hue appeared in wheatgrass juice due to production of different types of red pigments. The fermented wheatgrass juice has considerably higher content of anthocyanins, total phenols and beta-carotenes as compared to unfermented wheatgrass juice. It has low ethanol content, which might be ascribed to the presence of certain phytolignans in wheatgrass juice. Several yeast-mediated phenolic transformations (such as bioconversion of coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid and quinic acid into respective derivatives; glycosylation and prenylation of flavonoids; glycosylation of lignans; sulphonation of phenols; synthesis of carotenoids, diarylnonanoids, flavanones, stilbenes, steroids, quinolones, di- and tri-terpenoids and tannin) were identified in fermented wheatgrass juice using an untargeted liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF)/time-of-flight (TOF) technique. The recombinant P. acidilactici BD16 (alaD+) also supported flavonoid and lignin glycosylation; benzoic acid, hydroxycoumaric acid and quinic acid derivatization; and synthesis of anthraquinones, sterols and triterpenes with therapeutic benefits. The information presented in this manuscript may be utilized to elucidate the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and P. acidilactici BD16 (alaD+) mediated phenolic biotransformations in developing functional food supplements such as fermented wheatgrass juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Balvir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
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25
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Li CJ, Xie XT, Liu HX, Wang RN, Li DZ. Plastome evolution in the East Asian lobelias (Lobelioideae) using phylogenomic and comparative analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144406. [PMID: 37063184 PMCID: PMC10102522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lobelia species, as rich source of the alkaloid lobeline which has been shown to have important biological activity, have been used in folk medicine throughout East Asia to treat various diseases. However, Lobelia is a complex and varied genus in East Asia and is thus difficult to identify. Genomic resources would aid identification, however the availability of such information is poor, preventing a clear understanding of their evolutionary history from being established. To close this gap in the available genomic data, in this study, 17 plastomes of East Asian lobelias were newly sequenced and assembled. Although the plastomes of Lobelia sect. Hypsela, L. sect. Speirema, and L. sect. Rhynchopetalum shared the gene structure, the inverted repeat (IR)/large single copy (LSC) boundaries, genome size, and the number of repeats were variable, indicating the non-conservative nature of plastome evolution within these sections. However, the genomes of the Lobelia sect. Delostemon and L. sect. Stenotium showed rearrangements, revealing that these two sections might have undergone different evolutionary histories. We assessed nine hotspot genes and 27-51 simple sequence repeat motifs, which will also serve as valuable DNA barcode regions in future population genetics studies and for the delineation of plant species. Our phylogenetic analysis resolved the evolutionary positions of the five sections in agreement with previous evolutionary trees based on morphological features. Although phylogenetic reconstruction of Lobelioideae based on the rpoC2 gene has rarely been performed, our results indicated that it contains a considerable amount of phylogenetic information and offers great promise for further phylogenetic analysis of Lobelioideae. Our site-specific model identified 173 sites under highly positive selections. The branch-site model exhibited 11 positive selection sites involving four genes in the East Asian branches. These four genes may play critical roles in the adaptation of East Asian taxa to diverse environments. Our study is the first to detect plastome organization, phylogenetic utility, and signatures of positive selection in the plastomes of East Asian lobelias, which will help to further advance taxonomic and evolutionary studies and the utilization of medicinal plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin-Tong Xie
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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26
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Makhumbila P, Rauwane ME, Muedi HH, Madala NE, Figlan S. Metabolome profile variations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistant and susceptible genotypes incited by rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). Front Genet 2023; 14:1141201. [PMID: 37007949 PMCID: PMC10060544 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal agent of rust, Uromyces appendiculatus is a major constraint for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. This pathogen causes substantial yield losses in many common bean production areas worldwide. U. appendiculatus is widely distributed and although there have been numerous breakthroughs in breeding for resistance, its ability to mutate and evolve still poses a major threat to common bean production. An understanding of plant phytochemical properties can aid in accelerating breeding for rust resistance. In this study, metabolome profiles of two common bean genotypes Teebus-RR-1 (resistant) and Golden Gate Wax (susceptible) were investigated for their response to U. appendiculatus races (1 and 3) at 14- and 21-days post-infection (dpi) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). Non-targeted data analysis revealed 71 known metabolites that were putatively annotated, and a total of 33 were statistically significant. Key metabolites including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and lipids were found to be incited by rust infections in both genotypes. Resistant genotype as compared to the susceptible genotype differentially enriched metabolites including aconifine, D-sucrose, galangin, rutarin and others as a defence mechanism against the rust pathogen. The results suggest that timely response to pathogen attack by signalling the production of specific metabolites can be used as a strategy to understand plant defence. This is the first study to illustrate the utilization of metabolomics to understand the interaction of common bean with rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Makhumbila
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Penny Makhumbila,
| | - Molemi E. Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Hangwani H. Muedi
- Research Support Services, North-West Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
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Lemos Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Bomzan DP, Stander EA, Abdallah C, Kulagina N, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Nagegowda DA, Papon N, Besseau S, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Identification of a second 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase suggests an evolutionary relationship between alkaloid and flavonoid metabolisms in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:607-624. [PMID: 35947213 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus biosynthesizes many important drugs for human health, including the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. Over the past decades, the continuous increase in pharmaceutical demand has prompted several research groups to characterize MIA biosynthetic pathways for considering future metabolic engineering processes of supply. In line with previous work suggesting that diversification can potentially occur at various steps along the vindoline branch, we were here interested in investigating the involvement of distinct isoforms of tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase (16OMT) which plays a pivotal role in the MIA biosynthetic pathway. By combining homology searches based on the previously characterized 16OMT1, phylogenetic analyses, functional assays in yeast, and biochemical and in planta characterizations, we identified a second isoform of 16OMT, referred to as 16OMT2. 16OMT2 appears to be a multifunctional enzyme working on both MIA and flavonoid substrates, suggesting that a constrained evolution of the enzyme for accommodating the MIA substrate has probably occurred to favor the apparition of 16OMT2 from an ancestral specific flavonoid-O-methyltransferase. Since 16OMT1 and 16OMT2 displays a high sequence identity and similar kinetic parameters for 16-hydroxytabersonine, we postulate that 16OMT1 may result from a later 16OMT2 gene duplication accompanied by a continuous neofunctionalization leading to an almost complete loss of flavonoid O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, these results participate in increasing our knowledge on the evolutionary processes that have likely led to enzyme co-optation for MIA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR, ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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Eliwa D, Kabbash A, El-Aasr M, Tawfik HO, Batiha GES, Mahmoud MH, De Waard M, Eldehna WM, Ibrahim ARS. Papaverinol- N-Oxide: A Microbial Biotransformation Product of Papaverine with Potential Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activity Unveiled with In Silico Screening. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041583. [PMID: 36838572 PMCID: PMC9963078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioconversion of biosynthetic heterocyclic compounds has been utilized to produce new semisynthetic pharmaceuticals and study the metabolites of bioactive drugs used systemically. In this investigation, the biotransformation of natural heterocyclic alkaloid papaverine via filamentous fungi was explored. Molecular docking simulations, using protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase (PL) as target enzymes, were performed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of papaverine and its metabolites in silico. The metabolites were isolated from biotransformation of papaverine with Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 2310, Rhodotorula rubra NRRL y1592, Penicillium chrysogeneum ATCC 10002 and Cunninghamella blackesleeana NRRL 1369 via reduction, demethylation, N-oxidation, oxidation and hydroxylation reactions. Seven metabolites were isolated: namely, 3,4-dihydropapaverine (metabolite 1), papaveroline (metabolite 2), 7-demethyl papaverine (metabolite 3), 6,4'-didemethyl papaverine (metabolite 4), papaverine-3-ol (metabolite 5), papaverinol (metabolite 6) and papaverinol N-oxide (metabolite 7). The structural elucidation of the metabolites was investigated with 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy (EI and ESI). The molecular docking studies showed that metabolite 7 exhibited better binding interactions with the target enzymes PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL than did papaverine. Furthermore, papaverinol-N-oxide (7) also displayed inhibition of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes comparable to that of their ligands (acarbose and orlistat, respectively), as unveiled with an in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for enhanced inhibition of PTP1B, α-glucosidase and PL via some papaverine fungal transformation products and, therefore, potentially better antidiabetic and antiobesity effects than those of papaverine and other known therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (M.E.-A.); (A.-R.S.I.)
| | - Amal Kabbash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (M.E.-A.); (A.-R.S.I.)
| | - Haytham O. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue Des Platanes, F-38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahim S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (M.E.-A.); (A.-R.S.I.)
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Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Isolated Marine Compounds. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020093. [PMID: 36828408 PMCID: PMC9966175 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To combat the ineffectiveness of currently available pharmaceutical medications, caused by the emergence of increasingly resistant bacterial and fungal strains, novel antibacterial and antifungal medications are urgently needed. Novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activities can be obtained by exploring underexplored habitats such as the world's oceans. The oceans represent the largest ecosystem on earth, with a high diversity of organisms. Oceans have received some attention in the past few years, and promising compounds with antimicrobial activities were isolated from marine organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, sea cucumbers, sea sponges, etc. This review covers 56 antifungal and 40 antibacterial compounds from marine organisms. These compounds are categorized according to their chemical structure groups, including polyketides, alkaloids, ribosomal peptides, and terpenes, and their organismal origin. The review provides the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC values and the bacterial/fungal strains against which these chemical compounds show activity. This study shows strong potential for witnessing the development of new novel antimicrobial drugs from these natural compounds isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
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Phytochemical Profiling of Sambucus nigra L. Flower and Leaf Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Potential against Almond Tree Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021154. [PMID: 36674670 PMCID: PMC9866908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the chemical composition of elderberries and their numerous uses in pharmaceutical, beverage, and food production, there is still a lack of knowledge about Sambucus nigra leaves and flowers' antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. In this study, the phytoconstituents of their aqueous ammonia extracts were first characterized by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major phytocompounds identified in the flower extract were octyl 2-methylpropanoate; 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one; propyl malonic acid; adenine; and 1-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol. Concerning the leaf extract, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose; oleic acid; 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole; 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran; and 4-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol and other phenol derivatives were the main constituents. The potential of the extracts to act as bioprotectants was then investigated against three almond tree pathogens: Diaporthe amygdali, Phytophthora megasperma, and Verticillium dahliae. In vitro tests showed higher activity of the flower extract, with EC90 values in the 241-984 μg·mL-1 range (depending on the pathogen) vs. 354-1322 μg·mL-1 for the leaf extract. In addition, the flower extract led to full protection against P. megasperma at a dose of 1875 μg·mL-1 in ex situ tests on artificially-infected excised almond stems. These inhibitory concentrations were lower than those of commercial fungicides. These findings suggest that S. nigra aerial organs may be susceptible to valorization as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the protection of this important crop.
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Thodi RC, Ibrahim JM, Surendran VA, Nair AS, Sukumaran ST. Rutaretin1'-(6″-sinapoylglucoside): promising inhibitor of COVID 19 m pro catalytic dyad from the leaves of Pittosporum dasycaulon miq (Pittosporaceae). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12557-12573. [PMID: 34528865 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1972841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SARS CoV2 is a novel strain of coronavirus, first reported in Wuhan of China, in 2019 and drugs specific to COVID-19 treatment are still lacking. The main protease (3CL) present in the new coronavirus strain is considered a potential drug target due to its role in viral replications. The plant Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq. is a medicinal plant reported to have prominent antimicrobial including antibacterial and antifungal activity. In this study, 12 natural compounds were selected on the basis of major peaks observed in the LC-HRMS analysis of P. dasycaulon aqueous leaves extract (AQLE). The pharmacological properties of the selected compounds against 3CLpro were investigated through in silico studies along with the standard antiviral drugs Lopinavir and Nelfinavir. The molecular docking study was done using Autodock 4.2 tool and visualized using Pymol (1.7.4.5 Edu). The docking analysis revealed that three compounds showed a better binding affinity than the standard drug Lopinavir. To validate the docking interactions, behaviour and stability of protein- ligand complex, molecular dynamics (100 ns) simulations were performed with the four best-ranked bioactive compounds identified through molecular docking analysis namely; Leptinidine, Rutaretin1'-(6″-sinapoylglucoside), Kalambroside A, and 5,7-dimethoxy', 4'methylenedioxyflavanone. The stability of the docking conformation was studied in depth by calculating the binding free energy using MM-PBSA method. Our findings on molecular docking, MD simulations and binding energy calculations suggest that Rutaretin1'-(6''-sinapoylglucoside) could be a potential inhibitor of COVID-19 3CLpro. However, considering the current pandemic situation of COVID-19, further research is required to experimentally validate their potential medicinal use against COVID-19 3CLpro both in vitro and in vivo along with clinical practices. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaida M Ibrahim
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, India
| | | | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, India
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Alkaloid production and response to natural adverse conditions in Peganum harmala: in silico transcriptome analyses. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2022; 103:355-384. [PMID: 36685700 PMCID: PMC9837557 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala is a valuable wild plant that grows and survives under adverse conditions and produces pharmaceutical alkaloid metabolites. Using different assemblers to develop a transcriptome improves the quality of assembled transcriptome. In this study, a concrete and accurate method for detecting stress-responsive transcripts by comparing stress-related gene ontology (GO) terms and public domains was designed. An integrated transcriptome for P. harmala including 42 656 coding sequences was created by merging de novo assembled transcriptomes. Around 35 000 transcripts were annotated with more than 90% resemblance to three closely related species of Citrus, which confirmed the robustness of the assembled transcriptome; 4853 stress-responsive transcripts were identified. CYP82 involved in alkaloid biosynthesis showed a higher number of transcripts in P. harmala than in other plants, indicating its diverse alkaloid biosynthesis attributes. Transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory elements with 3887 transcripts comprised 9% of the transcriptome. Among the TFs of the integrated transcriptome, cystein2/histidine2 (C2H2) and WD40 repeat families were the most abundant. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling map and the plant hormone signal transduction map showed the highest assigned genes to these pathways, suggesting their potential stress resistance. The P. harmala whole-transcriptome survey provides important resources and paves the way for functional and comparative genomic studies on this plant to discover stress-tolerance-related markers and response mechanisms in stress physiology, phytochemistry, ecology, biodiversity, and evolution. P. harmala can be a potential model for studying adverse environmental cues and metabolite biosynthesis and a major source for the production of various alkaloids.
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T. M. C, P. I. SJ, G. N, R. M. N, R. Z. M. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids glycosides and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2150647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cantero T. M.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silva Junior P. I.
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA), Center of Toxins, Immuneresponse and cell signaling (CeTICS/CEPID), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Negri G.
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nascimento R. M.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mendonça R. Z.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sharma D, Shree B, Kumar S, Kumar V, Sharma S, Sharma S. Stress induced production of plant secondary metabolites in vegetables: Functional approach for designing next generation super foods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:252-272. [PMID: 36279745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are vital for human health leading to the gain the access to natural products. The quality of crops is the result of the interaction of different biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic stresses during plant growth may reduce the crop performance and quality of the produce. However, abiotic stresses can result in numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants, aiming to deal with these conditions. Abiotic stresses are also elicitors of the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in plants which possess plant defense mechanisms as well as human health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties etc. Plants either synthesize new compounds or alter the concentration of bioactive compounds. Due to increasing attention towards the production of bioactive compounds, the understanding of crop responses to abiotic stresses in relation to the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds is critical. Plants alter their metabolism at the genetic level in response to different abiotic stresses resulting the changes in secondary metabolite production. Transcriptional factors regulate genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several plants under stress conditions. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis has become easy with the use of molecular biology. Therefore, aim of writing the review is to focus on secondary metabolite production in vegetable crops, their health benefits and transcription regulation under various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, HP, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India.
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
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Riskianto R, Windi M, Karnelasatri K, Aruan M. Antioxidant Activity of 96% Ethanol Extract of Pepaya Jepang Leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst) Using DPPH Method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i4.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals in the human body can be helped neutralized by natural antioxidants derived from plants. Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst) contains antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. This study examined the antioxidant activity of 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius leaves. Maceration of C. aconitifolius leaves using 96% ethanol solvent, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity assay was carried out with 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazil (DPPH) on 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius. Extraction obtained a yield of 16.1834%, and phytochemical screening on the 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity assay on 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius had an IC50 value of 145.3855 ppm and an IC50 value of vitamin C of 7.0806 ppm. The Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) of 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius was 0.4127, and the AAI of vitamin C was 8.4739. Based on the results obtained, although in a weak classification, a 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius leaves has antioxidant activity.
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Tan LF, Yap VL, Rajagopal M, Wiart C, Selvaraja M, Leong MY, Tan PL. Plant as an Alternative Source of Antifungals against Aspergillus Infections: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3009. [PMID: 36432738 PMCID: PMC9697101 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus species consists of a group of opportunistic fungi that is virulent when the immunity of the host is compromised. Among the various species, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent species. However, the prevalence of fungal infections caused by non-fumigatus Aspergillus has been increasing. Polyenes, echinocandins and azoles are the three main classes of antifungal agents being used for the treatment of aspergillosis. Nevertheless, the incidence of resistance towards these three classes has been rising over the years among several Aspergillus spp. The side effects associated with these conventional antifungal agents have also limited their usage. This urges the need for the discovery of a safe and effective antifungal agent, which presents a major challenge in medicine today. Plants present a rich source of bioactive molecules which have been proven effective against a wide range of infections and conditions. Therefore, this present review intends to examine the current literature available regarding the efficacy and mechanism of action of plant extracts and their compounds against Aspergillus spp. In addition, novel drug delivery systems of plant extracts against Aspergillus spp. were also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Fang Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Vi Lien Yap
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Malarvili Selvaraja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mun Yee Leong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Puay Luan Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights 1, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu Z. A review of plant antipathogenic constituents: Source, activity and mechanism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105225. [PMID: 36464345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green prevention and control of plant pathogens is a development direction of sustainable and low-carbon agriculture given the limitation of traditional chemicals. Plant-derived antipathogenic constituents (PAPCs) exhibit the advantages of being environmental benign and a broad spectrum of target pathogens over traditional chemicals. Here, we review the research advances on plant sources, chemical compositions, activities of antipathogenic constituents in the past 20 years. Reported PAPCs are classified into categories of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and antimicrobial peptides. Angiosperms, gymnosperms and some lower plants are the main plant source of detected PAPCs. The PAPCs act on pathogens through multiple pathways including destroying cell structures, blocking key composition synthesis and inhibiting cell metabolism. The development trends of PAPCs are finally prospected. This review serves as a comprehensive review on the study of plant antipathogenic constituents and a key reference for forecasting the source, characteristic and activity of PAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Potential inhibitory activity of phytoconstituents against black fungus: In silico ADMET, molecular docking and MD simulation studies. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 24:100247. [PMID: 36193218 PMCID: PMC9508704 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2022.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis or “black fungus” has been currently observed in India, as a secondary infection in COVID-19 infected patients in the post-COVID-stage. Fungus is an uncommon opportunistic infection that affects people who have a weak immune system. In this study, 158 antifungal phytochemicals were screened using molecular docking against glucoamylase enzyme of Rhizopus oryzae to identify potential inhibitors. The docking scores of the selected phytochemicals were compared with Isomaltotriose as a positive control. Most of the compounds showed lower binding energy values than Isomaltotriose (-6.4 kcal/mol). Computational studies also revealed the strongest binding affinity of the screened phytochemicals was Dioscin (-9.4 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the binding interactions of the top ten potential phytochemicals were elucidated and further analyzed. In-silico ADME and toxicity prediction were also evaluated using SwissADME and admetSAR online servers. Compounds Piscisoflavone C, 8-O-methylaverufin and Punicalagin exhibited positive results with the Lipinski filter and drug-likeness and showed mild to moderate of toxicity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (at 300 K for 100 ns) was also employed to the docked ligand-target complex to explore the stability of ligand-target complex, improve docking results, and analyze the molecular mechanisms of protein-target interactions.
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Multi-Target Potential of Berberine as an Antineoplastic and Antimetastatic Agent: A Special Focus on Lung Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213433. [PMID: 36359829 PMCID: PMC9655513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancements, lung cancer remains the principal cause of cancer mortality in a global scenario. The increased incidence of tumor reoccurrence and progression and the highly metastatic nature of lung cancer are of great concern and hence require the investigation of novel therapies and/or medications. Naturally occurring compounds from plants serve as important resources for novel drugs for cancer therapy. Amongst these phytochemicals, Berberine, an alkaloid, has been extensively explored as a potential natural anticancer therapeutic agent. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Berberine in inhibiting cancer growth and progression mediated via several different mechanisms, which include cell cycle arrest, inducing cell death by apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, as well as regulating the expression of microRNA, telomerase activity, and the tumor microenvironment, which usually varies for different cancer types. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of molecular insights of Berberine and its various derivative-induced antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects against lung cancer. In conclusion, the Berberine imparts its anticancer efficacy against lung cancers via modulation of several signaling pathways involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Orlova A, Kysil E, Tsvetkova E, Meshalkina D, Whaley A, Whaley AO, Laub A, Francioso A, Babich O, Wessjohann LA, Mosca L, Frolov A, Povydysh M. Phytochemical Characterization of Water Avens ( Geum rivale L.) Extracts: Structure Assignment and Biological Activity of the Major Phenolic Constituents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2859. [PMID: 36365312 PMCID: PMC9658556 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water avens (Geum rivale L.) is a common Rosaceae plant widely spread in Europe and North America. It is rich in biologically active natural products, some of which are promising as prospective pharmaceuticals. The extracts of water avens are well known for their triterpenoid metabolites and associated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, the polyphenolic profiles of G. rivale L. are still awaiting complete characterization. Accordingly, the contribution of its individual components to the antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activity of the extracts is still unknown. As this plant can be available on an industrial scale, a better knowledge of its properly-relevant constituents might give access to new highly-efficient pharmaceutical substances and functional products. Therefore, herein we comprehensively characterize the secondary metabolome of G. rivale by ESI-HR-MS, ESI-HR-MSn and NMR spectroscopy with a special emphasis on the polyphenolic composition of its aerial parts. Furthermore, a multilateral evaluation of the antioxidant, neuroprotective and antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total aqueous alcoholic extract as well as individual isolated polyphenols was accomplished. Altogether four phenolic acid derivatives (trigalloyl hexose, caffeoyl-hexoside malate, ellagic acid and ellagic acid pentoside), six flavonoids (three quercetin derivatives, kaempferol and three its derivatives and two isorhamnetin derivatives) and four tannins (HHDP-hexoside, proantocyanidin dimer, pedunculagin I and galloyl-bis-HHDP-hexose) were identified in this plant for the first time. The obtained aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total extract as well as the isolated individual compounds showed pronounced antioxidant activity. In addition, a pronounced antibacterial activity against several strains was proved for the studied fractions (for ethyl acetate fraction the highest activity against E. coli АТСС 25922 and S. aureus strains ATCC 27853 and SG-511 (MIC 15.6 μg/mL) was observed; for aqueous fraction-against Staphylococcus aureus SG-511 (MIC 31.2 μg/mL)). However, the anti-neurodegenerative (neuroprotective) properties could not be found with the employed methods. However, the antibacterial activity of the fractions could not be associated with any of the isolated individual major phenolics (excepting 3-O-methylellagic acid). Thus, the aerial parts of water avens represent a promising source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and therefrom derived human health benefits, although the single constituents isolated so far lack a dominant selectively bioactive constituent in the bioassays performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Orlova
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elana Kysil
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Tsvetkova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya Meshalkina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei Whaley
- Department of Pharmacognosy, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Whaley
- Department of Pharmacognosy, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Annegret Laub
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Povydysh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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41
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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42
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Basavegowda N, Baek KH. Combination Strategies of Different Antimicrobials: An Efficient and Alternative Tool for Pathogen Inactivation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2219. [PMID: 36140320 PMCID: PMC9496525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality. Recently, several studies have focused on developing promising solutions to overcome these problems. This has led to the development of effective alternative methods of controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The use of antimicrobial agents in combination can produce synergistic effects if each drug invades a different target or signaling pathway with a different mechanism of action. Therefore, drug combinations can achieve a higher probability and selectivity of therapeutic responses than single drugs. In this systematic review, we discuss the combined effects of different antimicrobial agents, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and nanomaterials. Furthermore, we review their synergistic interactions and antimicrobial activities with the mechanism of action, toxicity, and future directions of different antimicrobial agents in combination. Upon combination at an optimum synergistic ratio, two or more drugs can have a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect at lower concentrations. Hence, using drug combinations could be a new, simple, and effective alternative to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and reduce susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Korea
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43
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Swain SS, Singh SR, Sahoo A, Panda PK, Hussain T, Pati S. Integrated bioinformatics-cheminformatics approach toward locating pseudo-potential antiviral marine alkaloids against SARS-CoV-2-Mpro. Proteins 2022; 90:1617-1633. [PMID: 35384056 PMCID: PMC9111047 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the most contagious variants, alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) has continuously added a higher number of morbidity and mortality, globally. The present integrated bioinformatics-cheminformatics approach was employed to locate potent antiviral marine alkaloids that could be used against SARS-CoV-2. Initially, 57 antiviral marine alkaloids and two repurposing drugs were selected from an extensive literature review. Then, the putative target enzyme SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) was retrieved from the protein data bank and carried out a virtual screening-cum-molecular docking study with all candidates using PyRx 0.8 and AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the two most potential alkaloids and a drug docking complex at 100 ns (with two ligand topology files from PRODRG and ATB server, separately), the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) free energy, and contributions of entropy were investigated. Then, the physicochemical-toxicity-pharmacokinetics-drug-likeness profiles, the frontier molecular orbitals energies (highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and ΔE), and structural-activity relationship were assessed and analyzed. Based on binding energy, 8-hydroxymanzamine (-10.5 kcal/mol) and manzamine A (-10.1 kcal/mol) from all alkaloids with darunavir (-7.9 kcal/mol) and lopinavir (-7.4 kcal/mol) against SARS-CoV-2-Mpro were recorded. The MD simulation (RMSD, RMSF, Rg, H-bond, MM/PBSA binding energy) illustrated that the 8-hydroxymanzamine exhibits a static thermodynamic feature than the other two complexes. The predicted physicochemical, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and drug-likeness profiles also revealed that the 8-hydroxymanzamine could be used as a potential lead candidate individually and/or synergistically with darunavir or lopinavir to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection after some pharmacological validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Satya R Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health and Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sandenon Seteyen AL, Girard-Valenciennes E, Septembre-Malaterre A, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Anti-Alphaviral Alkaloids: Focus on Some Isoquinolines, Indoles and Quinolizidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165080. [PMID: 36014321 PMCID: PMC9416297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and the development of safe and efficient therapeutics against arthritogenic alphaviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus) remain a continuous challenge. Alkaloids are structurally diverse and naturally occurring compounds in plants, with a wide range of biological activities including beneficial effects against prominent pathogenic viruses and inflammation. In this short review, we discuss the effects of some alkaloids of three biologically relevant structural classes (isoquinolines, indoles and quinolizidines). Based on various experimental models (viral infections and chronic diseases), we highlight the immunomodulatory effects of these alkaloids. The data established the capacity of these alkaloids to interfere in host antiviral and inflammatory responses through key components (antiviral interferon response, ROS production, inflammatory signaling pathways and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production) also involved in alphavirus infection and resulting inflammation. Thus, these data may provide a convincing perspective of research for the use of alkaloids as immunomodulators against arthritogenic alphavirus infection and induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girard-Valenciennes
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone Océan Indien (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone Océan Indien (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Unité de Recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologiques (UR-EPI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence:
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45
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Yu M, Wang F, Yao S, Zang Y, Dai C, Liang Y, Zhang M, Gu L, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Structural Elucidation and Total Synthesis of Trichodermotin A, A Natural
α
‐Glucosidase
Inhibitor from
Trichoderma asperellum. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Si Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Chong Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yu Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Mi Zhang
- National Institutes for food and drug Control (NIFDC), No.2, Tiantan Xili Dongcheng District Beijing 10050 China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
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46
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Hamedi A, Bayat M, Asemani Y, Amirghofran Z. A review of potential anti-cancer properties of some selected medicinal plants grown in Iran. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Novaryatiin S, Amalia NR, Ardhany SD. Formulation of Anti Acne Loose Powder of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Ethanol Extract. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i2.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb is one of the notable Iridaceae family, originating from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Previous studies have reported that E. bulbosa ethanol extract and its cream preparation have antibacterial properties that can inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria and cause no significant skin adverse reaction. This study aimed to make a loose powder preparation from E. bulbosa ethanol extract and determine its physical evaluation and antibacterial activity. Loose powder formulation was made with various concentrations of E. bulbosa ethanol extract, F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Loose powder evaluates for organoleptic, homogeneity, and antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The results show that E. bulbosa ethanol extract can produce a loose powder formulation. The color of the formula is rather yellow (F0), brown-ash (F1), and light brown (F2 and F3), which has a typical mint odor, smooth texture, and homogeneous. All formulations inhibited the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. This present study showed the potential of Formula 3 (F3) as an anti-acne loose powder due to its organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and antibacterial activity, which has the largest inhibition zone diameter of 17.6 ± 3.1 mm.
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48
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Xue J, Wang Y, Liu F, Yang H, Lin B, Li Z, Jing Y, Li D, Hua H. Alkaloid dimers isolated from
Thalictrum baicalense
have antitumor activities. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangshen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Hangao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
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Schilrreff P, Alexiev U. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Skin Wounds and Promising Natural Bioactive Compounds Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094928. [PMID: 35563319 PMCID: PMC9104327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of chronic wounds and is tightly coupled to immune regulation. The dysregulation of the immune system leads to continuing inflammation and impaired wound healing and, subsequently, to chronic skin wounds. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system, the involvement of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, the complication of bacterial infections in chronic wound healing, and the still-underexplored potential of natural bioactive compounds in wound treatment. We focus on natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities and their mechanisms of action, as well as on recent wound treatments and therapeutic advancements capitalizing on nanotechnology or new biomaterial platforms.
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50
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Pinto BN, Moura GA, Demuner AJ, Alvarenga ES. Structural elucidation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Crotalaria retusa L. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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