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Yang D, Zhang S, Cao H, Wu H, Liang Y, Teng CB, Yu HF. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B 1 by Phytochemicals in Agriculture and Food Science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14481-14497. [PMID: 38897919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic and harmful mycotoxin, has a high likelihood of occurring in animal feed and human food, which seriously affects agriculture and food safety and endangers animal and human health. Recently, natural plant products have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and simple composition, indicating significant potential for resisting AFB1. The mechanisms by which these phytochemicals resist toxins mainly involve antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic pathways. Moreover, these substances also inhibit the genotoxicity of AFB1 by directly influencing its metabolism in vivo, which contributes to its elimination. Here, we review various phytochemicals that resist AFB1 and their anti-AFB1 mechanisms in different animals, as well as the common characteristics of phytochemicals with anti-AFB1 function. Additionally, the shortcomings of current research and future research directions will be discussed. Overall, this comprehensive summary contributes to the better application of phytochemicals in agriculture and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongda Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, Zhu L, Chen G, Feng T. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:244-264. [PMID: 38800730 PMCID: PMC11127233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lufang Deng
- Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101105, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Wang Z, Huang Q, Zhang F, Wu J, Wang L, Sun Y, Deng Y, Jiang J. Key Role of Porcine Cytochrome P450 2A19 in the Bioactivation of Aflatoxin B 1 in the Liver. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2334-2346. [PMID: 38235998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic transformation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in pigs remains understudied, presenting a gap in our toxicological understanding compared with extensive human-based research. Here, we found that the main products of AFB1 in porcine liver microsomes (PLMs) were AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), the generation of which correlated strongly with the protein levels and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and CYP2A. In addition, we found that porcine CYP2A19 can transform AFB1 into AFBO, and its metabolic activity was stronger than the other CYPs we have reported, including CYP1A2, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46. Furthermore, we stably transfected all identified CYPs in HepLi cells and found that CYP2A19 stable transfected HepLi cells showed more sensitivity in AFB1-induced DNA adducts, DNA damage, and γH2AX formation than the other three stable cell lines. Moreover, the CYP2A19 N297A mutant that lost catalytic activity toward AFB1 totally eliminated AFB1-induced AFB1-DNA adducts and γH2AX formations in CYP2A19 stable transfected HepLi cells. These results indicate that CYP2A19 mainly mediated AFB1-induced cytotoxicity through metabolizing AFB1 into a highly reactive AFBO, promoting DNA adduct formation and DNA damage, and lastly leading to cell death. This study advances the current understanding of AFB1 bioactivation in pigs and provides a promising target to reduce porcine aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feiyong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Jiang Z, Liu L, Su H, Cao Y, Ma Z, Gao Y, Huang D. Curcumin and analogues in mitigating liver injury and disease consequences: From molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155234. [PMID: 38042008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury is a prevalent global health concern, impacting a substantial number of individuals and leading to elevated mortality rates and socioeconomic burdens. Traditional primary treatment options encounter resource constraints and high costs, prompting exploration of alternative adjunct therapies, such as phytotherapy. Curcumin demonstrates significant therapeutic potential across various medical conditions, particularly emerging as a promising candidate for liver injury treatment. PURPOSE This study aims to provide current evidence maps of curcumin and its analogs in the context of liver injury, covering aspects of biosafety, toxicology, and clinical trials. Importantly, it seeks to summarize the intricate mechanisms modulated by curcumin. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase up to July 2023. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria. The screening process involved three authors independently assessing the potential of curcumin mitigating liver injury and its disease consequences by reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS Curcumin and its analogs have demonstrated low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, the limited bioavailability has hindered their advanced use in liver injury. This limitation can potentially be addressed by nano-curcumin and emerging drug delivery systems. Curcumin plays a role in alleviating liver injury by modulating the antioxidant system, as well as cellular and molecular pathways. The specific mechanisms involve multiple pathways, such as NF-κB, p38/MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3, and the pro-apoptosis Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 axis in damaged cells. Additionally, curcumin targets nutritional metabolism, regulating the substance in liver cells and tissues. The microenvironment associated with liver injury, like extracellular matrix and immune cells and factors, is also regulated by curcumin. Initial evaluation of curcumin and its analogs through 12 clinical trials demonstrates their potential application in liver injury. CONCLUSION Curcumin emerges as a promising phytomedicine for liver injury owing to its effectiveness in hepatoprotection and low toxicity profile. Nevertheless, in-depth investigations are warranted to unravel the complex mechanisms through which curcumin influences liver tissues and overall physiological milieu. Moreover, extensive clinical trials are essential to determine optimal curcumin dosage forms, maximizing its benefits and achieving favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hengpei Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhongkai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Amminikutty N, Spalenza V, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Badino P, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Greco D, D’Ascanio V, Avantaggiato G, Dabbou S, Nebbia C, Girolami F. Turmeric Powder Counteracts Oxidative Stress and Reduces AFB1 Content in the Liver of Broilers Exposed to the EU Maximum Levels of the Mycotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:687. [PMID: 38133191 PMCID: PMC10747922 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent adverse effects of AFB1 in chicken are low performance, the depression of the immune system, and a reduced quality of both eggs and meat, leading to economic losses. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in AFB1 toxicity, natural products are increasingly being used as an alternative to mineral binders to tackle AFB1 toxicosis in farm animals. In this study, an in vivo trial was performed by exposing broilers for 10 days to AFB1 at dietary concentrations approaching the maximum limits set by the EU (0.02 mg/kg feed) in the presence or absence of turmeric powder (TP) (included in the feed at 400 mg/kg). The aims were to evaluate (i) the effects of AFB1 on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, histology, and the expression of drug transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the liver; (ii) the hepatic accumulation of AFB1 and its main metabolites (assessed using an in-house-validated HPLC-FLD method); (iii) the possible modulation of the above parameters elicited by TP. Broilers exposed to AFB1 alone displayed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver, which was completely reverted by the concomitant administration of TP. Although no changes in glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected in any treatment group, AFB1 significantly upregulated and downregulated the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 and Nrf2, respectively. TP counteracted such negative effects and increased the hepatic gene expression of selected antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT and SOD2) and drug transporters (i.e., ABCG2), which were further enhanced in combination with AFB1. Moreover, both AFB1 and TP increased the mRNA levels of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in the duodenum. The latter changes might be implicated in the decrease in hepatic AFB1 to undetectable levels (
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Amminikutty
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Watanya Jarriyawattanachaikul
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Donato Greco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Vito D’Ascanio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Avantaggiato
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
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Yang H, Shen M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Tan X, Li X, Chen H, Wu L, He S, Zhu X. Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis of adaptive mechanism of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) to aflatoxin B1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295291. [PMID: 38060597 PMCID: PMC10703319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), with the strong toxicity and carcinogenicity, has been reported to great toxicity to the liver and other organs of animals. It cause huge economic losses to breeding industry, including the aquaculture industry. Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), as one of important species of freshwater aquaculture in China, are deeply disturbed by it. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of hepatopancreas and ovary in crabs underlying coping ability are still unclear. Hence, we conducted targeted injection experiment with or without AFB1, and comprehensively analyzed transcriptome and metabolomics of hepatopancreas and ovary. As a result, 210 and 250 DEGs were identified in the L-C vs. L-30 m and L-C vs. L-60 m comparison, among which 14 common DEGs were related to six major functional categories, including antibacterial and detoxification, ATP energy reaction, redox reaction, nerve reaction, liver injury repair and immune reaction. A total of 228 and 401 DAMs in the ML-C vs. ML-30 m and ML-C vs. ML-60 m comparison both enriched 12 pathways, with clear functions of cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, ABC transporters and tryptophan metabolism. Integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome in hepatopancreas discovered three Co-enriched pathways, including steroid biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. In summary, the expression levels and functions of related genes and metabolites reveal the regulatory mechanism of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) adaptability to the Aflatoxin B1, and the findings contribute to a new perspective for understanding Aflatoxin B1 and provide some ideas for dealing with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Yang
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meifang Shen
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhui Tan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Yitian Technologies Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofang He
- Yitian Technologies Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Fathi MA, Dan S, Abdelsalam AM, Chunmei L. Involvement of glyphosate in disruption of biotransformation P450 enzymes and hepatic lipid metabolism in chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4957-4967. [PMID: 37210632 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the potentially harmful consequences of pure glyphosate or Roundup® on CYP family members and lipid metabolism in newly hatched chicks. On the sixth day, 225 fertilized eggs were randomly divided into three treatments: (1) the control group injected with deionized water, (2) the glyphosate group injected with 10 mg pure glyphosate/Kg egg mass and (3) the Roundup group injected 10 mg the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup®/Kg egg. The results of the study revealed a reduction in hatchability in chicks treated with Roundup®. Moreover, change of Lipid concentration in serum and the liver-treated groups. Additionally, increased liver function enzymes and increased oxidative stress in the glyphosate and Roundup® groups. Furthermore, liver tissues showed histological changes and several lipid deposits in glyphosate-treated groups. Hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP1A4 expressions were significantly increased (p < .05) after glyphosate exposure, and suppression of CYP1C1 mRNA expression was significant (p < .05) after Roundup® exposure. The pro-inflammatory cytokines genes IFN-γ and IL-1β expression were significantly increased (p < .05) after Roundup® exposure. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of expression genes which are related to lipid synthesis or catabolism in the liver. In conclusion, in ovo glyphosate exposure caused disruption of biotransformation, pro-inflammatory and lipid metabolism in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Fathi
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shen Dan
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | | | - Li Chunmei
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Madalosso LM, Balok FRM, Bortolotto VC, Dahleh MMM, Backes LG, Escalante ESS, Benites FV, da Silva e Silva FA, Segat HJ, Boeira SP. Pitaya Juice Consumption Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:874. [PMID: 37754981 PMCID: PMC10532851 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites and are responsible for contaminating several foods. The intake of foods contaminated by these substances is related to hepatotoxicity and carcinogenic effects, possibly due to increasing oxidative stress. The current study evaluated Pitaya fruit juice's antioxidant effects on oxidative damage aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced. Rats received 1.5 mL of Pitaya juice via gavage (for 30 days), and on the 31st day, they received AFB1 (250 µg/kg, via gavage). Forty-eight hours after the AFB1 dose, rats were euthanized for dosages of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); dosage of oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reactive species (RS)) and antioxidant defenses (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and Glutathione (GSH)) levels in the liver; and detection of Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) and nuclear factor- erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) immunocontent in the liver. Our results indicated that the Pitaya juice reduced ALP activity. Further, rats exposed to AFB1 experienced liver damage due to the increase in TBARS, RS, and Hsp-70 and the reduction in CAT, GSH, and Nrf2. Pitaya juice could, however, protect against these damages. Finally, these results indicated that pre-treatment with Pitaya juice was effective against the oxidative damage induced. However, other aspects may be elucidated in the future to discover more targets of its action against mycotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiggi Müller Madalosso
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Franciéle Romero Machado Balok
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana 97650-000, Brazil; (F.R.M.B.); (V.C.B.); (M.M.M.D.)
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana 97650-000, Brazil; (F.R.M.B.); (V.C.B.); (M.M.M.D.)
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana 97650-000, Brazil; (F.R.M.B.); (V.C.B.); (M.M.M.D.)
| | - Lucas Gabriel Backes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Sabryna Sarquis Escalante
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Fernanda Vilhalba Benites
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Francisco Andrey da Silva e Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules—LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.G.B.); (E.S.S.E.); (F.V.B.); (F.A.d.S.e.S.); (H.J.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana 97650-000, Brazil; (F.R.M.B.); (V.C.B.); (M.M.M.D.)
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Jobe MC, Mthiyane DMN, Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Onwudiwe DC, Mwanza M. Pathological Role of Oxidative Stress in Aflatoxin-Induced Toxicity in Different Experimental Models and Protective Effect of Phytochemicals: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5369. [PMID: 37513242 PMCID: PMC10386527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite with a potentially devastating effect in causing liver damage in broiler chickens, and this is mainly facilitated through the generation of oxidative stress and malonaldehyde build-up. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in controlling the invasion of aflatoxins. Phytochemicals are some of the commonly used molecules endowed with potential therapeutic effects to ameliorate aflatoxin, by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Experimental models involving cell cultures and broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin or contaminated diet have been used to investigate the ameliorative effects of phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to identify relevant data sources. The retrieved information reported on the link between aflatoxin B1-included cytotoxicity and the ameliorative potential/role of phytochemicals in chickens. Importantly, retrieved data showed that phytochemicals may potentially protect against aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing intracellular antioxidants. Preclinical data indicate that activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), together with its downstream antioxidant genes, may be a potential therapeutic mechanism by which phytochemicals neutralize oxidative stress. This highlights the need for more research to determine whether phytochemicals can be considered a useful therapeutic intervention in controlling mycotoxins to improve broiler health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cebile Jobe
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Doctor M N Mthiyane
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | | | - Damian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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10
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Qin T, Chen X, Meng J, Guo Q, Xu S, Hou S, Yuan Z, Zhang W. The role of curcumin in the liver-gut system diseases: from mechanisms to clinical therapeutic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37096460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have provided abundant sources of lead compounds for new drug discovery and development over the past centuries. Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenol isolated from turmeric, a plant used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. Despite the low oral bioavailability, curcumin exhibits profound medicinal value in various diseases, especially liver and gut diseases, bringing an interest in the paradox of its low bioavailability but high bioactivity. Several latest studies suggest that curcumin's health benefits may rely on its positive gastrointestinal effects rather than its poor bioavailability solely. Microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the intestine and liver, suggesting the possibility that the liver-gut axis bidirectional crosstalk controls gastrointestinal health and diseases. Accordingly, these pieces of evidence have evoked great interest in the curcumin-mediated crosstalk among liver-gut system diseases. The present study discussed the beneficial effects of curcumin against common liver and gut diseases and explored the underlying molecular targets, as well as collected evidence from human clinical studies. Moreover, this study summarized the roles of curcumin in complex metabolic interactions in liver and intestine diseases supporting the application of curcumin in the liver-gut system as a potential therapeutic option, which opens an avenue for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Potent and Selective Inhibition of CYP1A2 Enzyme by Obtusifolin and Its Chemopreventive Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122683. [PMID: 36559174 PMCID: PMC9786103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtusifolin, a major anthraquinone component present in the seeds of Cassia tora, exhibits several biological activities, including the amelioration of memory impairment, prevention of breast cancer metastasis, and reduction of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of obtusifolin and its analogs on CYP1A enzymes, which are responsible for activating procarcinogens, and investigate its inhibitory mechanism and chemopreventive effects. P450-selective substrates were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in the presence of obtusifolin and its four analogs. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the crystal structure of CYP1A2 to identify the critical interactions between anthraquinones and human CYP1A2. Obtusifolin potently and selectively inhibited CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation (POD) with a Ki value of 0.031 µM in a competitive inhibitory manner in HLMs, whereas it exhibited negligible inhibitory effect against other P450s (IC50 > 28.6 µM). Obtusifolin also inhibited CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-mediated POD and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation with IC50 values of <0.57 µM when using recombinant enzymes. Our molecular docking models suggested that the high CYP1A2 inhibitory activity of obtusifolin may be attributed to the combination of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This is the first report of selective and potent inhibitory effects of obtusifolin against CYP1A, indicating their potential chemopreventive effects.
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12
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Xi Y, Chen J, Guo S, Wang S, Liu Z, Zheng L, Qi Y, Xu P, Li L, Zhang Z, Ding B. Effects of tannic acid on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidative status, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B 1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1037046. [PMID: 36337182 PMCID: PMC9634217 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 480 one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers dietary exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Treatments were as follows: (1) CON, control diet; (2) TA, CON + 250 mg/kg TA; (3) AFB1, CON + 500 μg/kg AFB1; and (4) TA+AFB1, CON + 250 mg/kg TA + 500 μg/kg AFB1. There were 10 replicate pens with 12 broilers per replicate. Dietary AFB1 challenge increased the feed conversion ratio during days 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The TA in the diet did not show significant effects on the growth performance of broilers during the whole experiment period (P > 0.05). The liver and kidney relative weight was increased in the AF challenge groups compared with the CON (P < 0.05). The addition of TA could alleviate the relative weight increase of liver and kidney caused by AFB1 (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the AFB1 diets had lower activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, S-transferase, and total antioxidant capacity in plasma, liver and jejunum, and greater malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Dietary supplemented with 250 mg/kg TA increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes, and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). In addition, AFB1 significantly reduced the villus height and crypt depth ratio in the ileum on day 42 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 250 mg/kg TA could partially protect the antioxidant capacity and prevent the enlargement of liver in broilers dietary challenged with 500 μg/kg AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhengfan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Dai C, Tian E, Hao Z, Tang S, Wang Z, Sharma G, Jiang H, Shen J. Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity and Protective Effects of Curcumin: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102031. [PMID: 36290754 PMCID: PMC9598162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant classes of mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AFTs), can cause a variety of detrimental outcomes, including cancer, hepatitis, aberrant mutations, and reproductive issues. Among the 21 identified AFTs, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most harmful to humans and animals. The mechanisms of AFB1-induced toxicity are connected to the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of CYP450 activities, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, necrosis, and inflammatory response. Several signaling pathways, including p53, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, NLRP3, MAPKs, and Wnt/β-catenin have been shown to contribute to AFB1-mediated toxic effects in mammalian cells. Curcumin, a natural product with multiple therapeutic activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunoregulation activities), could revise AFB1-induced harmful effects by targeting these pathways. Therefore, the potential therapeutic use of curcumin against AFB1-related side effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms are summarized. This review, in our opinion, advances significant knowledge, sparks larger discussions, and drives additional improvements in the hazardous examination of AFTs and detoxifying the application of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Erjie Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Wang X, Wang T, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Progress on the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 using natural anti-oxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113417. [PMID: 36096290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi. The most toxic among them is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which is known to have genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic toxic effects (amongst others). The mechanisms responsible for its toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and DNAdamage. Studies have found that natural anti-oxidants can reduce the damage that AFB1 inflicts on the body by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting the biotransformation of AFB1. Therefore, this review outlines the latest progress in research on the use of natural anti-oxidants as antidotes to aflatoxin poisoning and their detoxification mechanisms. It also considers the problems that may possibly arise from their use and their application prospects. Our aim is to provide a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
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15
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Evaluation of Hepatic Detoxification Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharides against Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091757. [PMID: 36139831 PMCID: PMC9495745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major risk factor in animal feed. Seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera)-derived polysaccharides (SDP) are natural antioxidants with multiple biological functions, which may have an in vivo detoxification effect on AFB1. The current study aimed to evaluate whether SDP could mitigate AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in broilers. A total of 216 chickens (male, 5 weeks old) were randomly allocated to three groups with differing feeding patterns, lasting 4 weeks: (1) control group (CON, fed a basal diet); (2) AFB1 group (fed a basal diet mixed with 0.1 mg/kg AFB1); and (3) AFB1 + SDP group (AFB1 group + 0.25% SDP). The results showed that dietary SDP improved the liver function-related biochemical indicators in serum, and reversed the increase in relative liver weight, hepatic apoptosis and histological damage of broilers exposed to AFB1. SDP treatment also reduced the activity and mRNA expression of phase I detoxification enzymes, while increasing the activity and mRNA expression of phase II detoxification enzymes in the livers of AFB1-exposed broilers, which was involved in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. In conclusion, dietary SDP alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury of broilers through inhibiting phase I detoxification enzymes and upregulating p38MAPK/Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxification enzymes pathway.
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Effect of Curcumin as Feed Supplement on Immune Response and Pathological Changes of Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091188. [PMID: 36139027 PMCID: PMC9496629 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the protective effects of curcumin against the AFB1-induced immune response of and pathological changes in broilers. Histopathology examinations showed that at day 28, AFB1 (5 mg/kg) exposure leads to severe histological changes in the spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius with a decrease in the number and karyoplasmic area ratio of plasma cells. Curcumin alleviated the AFB1-induced immune organs’ damage as well as the changes in plasma cells in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR data showed that AFB1 significantly downregulated the IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels in the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. However, curcumin supplementation improved the AFB1-induced immune organs’ damage via upregulated cytokines’ expression. Intriguingly, similar trends were noticed in abnormal morphological changes and the immune response at day 35 after the withdrawal of AFB1 and curcumin from the diet, suggesting the protective effects and immunomodulatory function against AFB1 in broilers. The current study provides a scientific experimental basis for the application of curcumin as a therapeutic drug or additive in animal husbandry productive practice.
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17
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Liu J, Jiang X, Peng X, Yuan Y, Shen Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Yuan X, Yang Y, Zhai S. Effects of embryo injected with ochratoxins A on hatching quality and jejunum antioxidant capacity of ducks at hatching. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944891. [PMID: 36118355 PMCID: PMC9472544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that ochratoxins A (OTA) exerts diverse toxicological effects, namely, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of embryonic exposure to OTA by different injection times and OTA doses on hatching quality and jejunal antioxidant capacity of ducks at hatching. In total, 480 fertilized eggs were weighed and randomly assigned into a 4 × 4 factorial design including four OTA doses (0, 2, 4, and 8 ng/g egg) on 8, 13, 18, and 23 of embryonic development (E8, E13, E18, and E23). Each treatment included 6 repeats with 5 eggs per repeat. The results showed that the injection time affected the hatching weight (P < 0.0001). The relative length of the jejunum and ileum on E18 and E23 was lower than on E8 and E13 (P < 0.05). Injection time, doses, and their interaction had no effect on jejunum morphology, namely, villous height (Vh), crypt depth (Cd), and villous height/crypt depth ratio Vh/Cd (P > 0.05). The injection time affected the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.0001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.05) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.0001). The activity of SOD and T-AOC activities in the jejunum of ducklings injected with OTA at the E8 and E13 was lower than that injected at the E18 (P < 0.05). The highest MDA content was observed in ducklings injected with OTA at the E13 (P < 0.05). The injection time (P < 0.0001), OTA doses and their interaction affected the contents of IL-1β (P < 0.05), which significantly increased especially on E13. In conclusion, the embryo injected with ochratoxins A affected the hatching weight, the relative length of jejunum and ileum, decreased the antioxidant capacity and increased the content of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β of the jejunum.
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18
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Antagonism of Cyanamide-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid on Aflatoxin B 1-induced toxicity in zebrafish larva (Danio rerio). Toxicon 2022; 216:139-147. [PMID: 35817093 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish model was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and its metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. In this study, zebrafish larvae were cultured for 3 days post fertilization (dpf) and then induced with AFB1. After induced 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h, 5 μg/mL C3G/PCA was added and then co-cultured to 5 dpf, respectively. The experiments showed that C3G/PCA suppressed AFB1-induced zebrafish liver atrophy and delayed the absorption of the yolk sac. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death were also significantly decreased by 5 μg/mL C3G/PCA (P ˂ 0.05). C3G/PCA significantly reduced hepatic biomarkers in the serum contents (P ˂ 0.05). Besides, glutathione (GSH) contents were significantly upregulated, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly elevated in zebrafish (P ˂ 0.05). The addition of 5 μg/mL C3G/PCA was capable of reducing the apoptotic levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 after 100 ng/mL AFB1 intoxication. In conclusion, these results suggested that C3G and its metabolite PCA might antagonize the hepatotoxicity of AFB1, reduce oxidative damage and inhibit cell death.
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19
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Effects of Turmeric Powder on Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxicol Excretion in Milk from Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 at the EU Maximum Tolerable Levels. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070430. [PMID: 35878168 PMCID: PMC9317782 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the climatic change, an increase in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) maize contamination has been reported in Europe. As an alternative to mineral binders, natural phytogenic compounds are increasingly used to counteract the negative effects of AFB1 in farm animals. In cows, even low dietary AFB1 concentrations may result in the milk excretion of the genotoxic carcinogen metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). In this study, we tested the ability of dietary turmeric powder (TP), an extract from Curcuma longa (CL) rich in curcumin and curcuminoids, in reducing AFM1 mammary excretion in Holstein–Friesian cows. Both active principles are reported to inhibit AFM1 hepatic synthesis and interact with drug transporters involved in AFB1 absorption and excretion. A crossover design was applied to two groups of cows (n = 4 each) with a 4-day washout. Animals received a diet contaminated with low AFB1 levels (5 ± 1 µg/kg) for 10 days ± TP supplementation (20 g/head/day). TP treatment had no impact on milk yield, milk composition or somatic cell count. Despite a tendency toward a lower average AFM1 milk content in the last four days of the treatment (below EU limits), no statistically significant differences with the AFB1 group occurred. Since the bioavailability of TP active principles may be a major issue, further investigations with different CL preparations are warranted.
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Zhao M, He W, Tao C, Zhang B, Wang S, Sun Z, Xiong Z, Zhang N. Transcriptomics and transmission ultrastructural examination reveals the nephrotoxicity of cadmium in laying hens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39041-39051. [PMID: 35098466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of cadmium (Cd) on ultrastructural changes, oxidative stress, and transcriptome expression in the kidneys of laying hens. Seventy-two healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens at 41 weeks old were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates. The control group received a basal diet without additional Cd incorporation, and the other three treatment groups received diets supplemented with 15, 30, or 60 mg Cd /kg of feed. After 6 weeks of exposure, the results show that administration of 60 mg/kg Cd significantly reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness. With an increase in the Cd concentration in feed, the concentrations of renal Zn and Fe also had changed. Renal histopathology and ultrastructure also showed aggravated damage to glomeruli and renal tubules and the deformation of nuclei and mitochondria in all Cd treatment groups. With an increase in Cd in feed, the activity of glutathione peroxide (GPX) and catalase (CAT) was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T -AOC) was decreased (P < 0.05) only in the 60 mg/kg Cd group. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 410 genes displayed differential expression (≥ 1.5-fold) in the 60 mg/kg supplementation group, compared to the control group. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that Cd affected many genes involved in mitochondria and ion transport. In conclusion, this study elaborates the mechanisms underlying renal toxicity caused by Cd, which might provide target candidate genes for alleviating Cd poisoning in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenbo He
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Can Tao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangjian Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Niya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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21
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Ashry A, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Abdo W, El-Diasty EM, Fadl SE, Morsi Elkamshishi M. Ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin and Saccharomyces cell wall alone and in combination against aflatoxicosis in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:178. [PMID: 35568841 PMCID: PMC9107200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse effect of aflatoxin in broilers is well known. However, dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cell wall and/or Nanocurcumin may decrease the negative effect of aflatoxin B1 because of the bio-adsorbing feature of the functional ingredients in Yeast Cell Wall and the detoxification effect of curcumin nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to see how Saccharomyces cell wall/Nanocurcumin alone or in combination with the aflatoxin-contaminated diet ameliorated the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler development, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, histology, immune histochemistry, liver gene expression, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers for 35 days. Moreover, the withdrawal time of aflatoxin was measured after feeding the aflatoxicated group an aflatoxin-free diet. Broiler chicks one day old were distributed into five groups according to Saccharomyces cell wall and/or nanocurcumin with aflatoxin supplementation. The G1 group was given a formulated diet without any supplements. The G2 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) in the formulated diet. The G3 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in the formulated diet. The G4 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and nanocurcumin (400 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. The G5 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in combination with nanocurcumin (200 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. Results According to the results of this study, aflatoxin supplementation had a detrimental impact on the growth performance, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers. In addition, aflatoxin supplementation led to a liver injury that was indicated by serum biochemistry and pathological lesions in the liver tissue. Moreover, the shortening of villi length in aflatoxicated birds resulted in a decrease in both the crypt depth ratio and the villi length ratio. The expression of CYP1A1 and Nrf2 genes in the liver tissue increased and decreased, respectively, in the aflatoxicated group. In addition, the aflatoxin residue was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the liver tissue of the aflatoxicated group after 2 weeks from the end of the experiment. Conclusion Saccharomyces cell wall alone or with nanocurcumin attenuated these negative effects and anomalies and improved all of the above-mentioned metrics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ashry
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology and Mycotoxins Department, Animal Health Research Institute (ARC), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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22
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Li S, Liu R, Xia S, Wei G, Ishfaq M, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Protective role of curcumin on aflatoxin B1-induced TLR4/RIPK pathway mediated-necroptosis and inflammation in chicken liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113319. [PMID: 35189522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to assess the mitigative effects of curcumin on AFB1-induced necroptosis and inflammation in chicken liver. Ninety-six one-day-old AA broiler chickens were separated into four groups, including control group, AFB1 (1 mg/kg) group, curcumin (300 mg/kg) + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) group and curcumin (300 mg/kg) group. After 28 days treatment, livers were collected for different experimental analyses. The morphological observation results showed obvious necrotic characteristics, including cell swelling, rupture of cell and mitochondrial membranes and inflammation in chicken livers. AFB1 exposure increased oxidative stress index (ROS and MDA) and decreased the antioxidant activity markers (SOD, CAT and GSH) and ATPase activities in chickens' liver. ELISA results showed that AFB1 exposure significantly induced the cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 and IL-1β) release from the liver tissues. While, western blot and qRT-PCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of inflammatory (TLR4/myd88/NF-κB) and necroptosis (RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL) genes were up-regulated by AFB1 exposure. We suspect that signal crosstalk between TLR4 and TNF-α triggers inflammation and RIPK1/RIPK3 mediating necroptosis in AFB1-induced chicken liver injury. Curcumin can regulate the TLR4/RIPK signaling pathway, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines levels and attenuated the expression of necroptosis and inflammation genes altered by AFB1 to reduce necroptosis of chicken liver tissue. In conclusion, curcumin can protect against AFB1-induced necroptosis and inflammation by TLR4/RIPK pathway in chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China; Animal Genome Engineering Research Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruimeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Shun Xia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Gaoqiang Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China; Huanggang Normal University, 438000 Huanggang, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China.
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23
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Wang Y, Liu F, Liu M, Zhou X, Wang M, Cao K, Jin S, Shan A, Feng X. Curcumin mitigates aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury via regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Nabi F, Tao W, Ye R, Li Z, Lu Q, Shang Y, Hu Y, Fang J, Bhutto ZA, Liu J. Penthorum Chinense Pursh Extract Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress Through Mitochondrial Pathways in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:822259. [PMID: 35187148 PMCID: PMC8847786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.822259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is an important toxicant of the fungal origin and poses a threat to the poultry industry. This study was designed to reveal the underlying mechanism and protective methods against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis using a Traditional Chinese medicine, Penthorum chinense Pursh extract (PCPE), in broilers. A total of 164 (day-old) broilers were equally allocated to the control, AFB1 (3 mg/kg feed), positive drug (Yin-Chen-Hao Tang extract, 10 ml/kg feed), PCPE (2 g PCPE/kg), and PCPE low, medium, and high dose groups (1 g, 2 g, 3 g PCPE/kg feed, respectively). AFB1 significantly decreased the growth performance and serum immunoglobulin level, altered normal serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities, and induced histopathological lesions in the liver as compared to control group. Additionally, AFB1 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes such as Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53, whereas it down-regulated the expression levels of BCL2 in the liver of broilers. The supplementation of different doses of PCPE to AFB1-affected birds significantly eased AFB1 negative effects by improving growth performance, immunoglobulin level, and oxidative capacity, and reversed oxidative stress and pathological lesions in liver. Furthermore, supplementation of PCPE to the AFB1 group reversed apoptosis by significantly down-regulating the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53 and up-regulating the expression levels of BCL2 in the liver of broilers. Based on these results, we conclude that supplementation of PCPE is protective and safe against oxidative stress, is anti-apoptotic, and reverses the liver damage caused by AFB1 in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazul Nabi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Weilai Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiling Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangfei Shang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Veterinary Herbal Drugs Innovation Research Laboratory, University Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Liu
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25
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Liu M, Zhao L, Gong G, Zhang L, Shi L, Dai J, Han Y, Wu Y, Khalil MM, Sun L. Invited review: Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35090579 PMCID: PMC8796454 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs. These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of animals. Therefore, physical, chemical, biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed industry. Meanwhile, each of these techniques has its drawbacks, including inefficient, costly, or impractically applied on large scale. This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies, as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1, DON, ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxin Gong
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiefan Dai
- Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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26
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Damiano S, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Girolami F, Longobardi C, Nebbia C, Andretta E, Lauritano C, Dabbou S, Avantaggiato G, Schiavone A, Badino P, Ciarcia R. Curcumin Supplementation Protects Broiler Chickens Against the Renal Oxidative Stress Induced by the Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:822227. [PMID: 35141309 PMCID: PMC8818882 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.822227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and kidney damage, and it is included in group I of human carcinogens. The European Commission has established maximum limits of AFB1 in feed, ranging from 5 to 20 μg/kg. Chicken is moderately sensitive to AFB1, which results in reduced growth performance and economic losses. Oxidative stress triggered by AFB1 plays a crucial role in kidney damage and the antioxidant activity of Curcumin (CURC) could help in preventing such adverse effect. Twenty-days-old broilers were treated for 10 days with AFB1 (0.02 mg/kg feed), alone or in combination with CURC (400 mg/kg feed), to explore the effects on the renal tissue. Animals exposed to AFB1 alone displayed alterations of the oxidative stress parameters compared with controls: serum antioxidant capacity, and enzymatic activity of kidney superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, while renal malondialdehyde levels and NADPH oxidase complex expression were increased. The administration of CURC attenuates all the oxidative stress parameters modified by AFB1 in the chicken kidney, opening new perspectives in the management of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Flavia Girolami
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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27
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Wan X, Ji H, Ma H, Yang Z, Li N, Chen X, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang Z. Lycopene alleviates aflatoxin B1 induced liver damage through inhibiting cytochrome 450 isozymes and improving detoxification and antioxidant systems in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2017803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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28
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Kumar V, Bahuguna A, Ramalingam S, Dhakal G, Shim JJ, Kim M. Recent technological advances in mechanism, toxicity, and food perspectives of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5395-5412. [PMID: 34955062 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi that contaminates a wide variety of food and feed products and is responsible for serious health and economic consequences. Fermented foods are prepared with a wide variety of substrates over a long fermentation time and are thus vulnerable to contamination by aflatoxin-producing fungi, leading to the production of aflatoxin B1. The mitigation and control of aflatoxin is currently a prime focus for developing safe aflatoxin-free food. This review summarizes the role of major aflatoxin-degrading enzymes such as laccase, peroxidase, and lactonase, and microorganisms in the context of their application in food. A putative mechanism of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation and toxicity evaluation of the degraded products are also extensively discussed to evaluate the safety of degradation processes for food applications. The review also describes aflatoxin-degrading microorganisms isolated from fermented products and investigates their applicability in food as aflatoxin preventing agents. Furthermore, a summary of recent technological advancements in protein engineering, nanozymes, in silico and statistical optimization approaches are explored to improve the industrial applicability of aflatoxin-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dhakal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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29
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Cao W, Yu P, Yang K, Cao D. Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:395-419. [PMID: 34930097 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2021339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, which are widely distributed in nature. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic of these compounds and its metabolites have a variety of biological activities, including acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, which has been well-characterized to lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. This review focuses on the metabolism of AFB1, including epoxidation and DNA adduction, as it concerns the initiation of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In addition to DNA adduction, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by AFB1 can also participate in the occurrence of cancer. Therefore, the main carcinogenic mechanism of AFB1 related ROS is summarized. This review also describes recent reports of AFB1 exposures in occupational settings. It is hoped that people will pay more attention to occupational health, in order to reduce the incidence of cancer caused by occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - KePeng Yang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Dongli Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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30
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Dietary Curcumin Alleviated Aflatoxin B1-Induced Acute Liver Damage in Ducks by Regulating NLRP3-Caspase-1 Signaling Pathways. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123086. [PMID: 34945637 PMCID: PMC8701407 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin widely distributed in animal feed and human food; it represents a serious threat to human and animal health. This study investigates the mechanism by which dietary curcumin protected liver against acute damage caused by AFB1 administration in ducks. One-day-old male ducks (n = 450) were randomly assigned to three groups, the control group, the AFB1 group, and the AFB1 + curcumin group; the first group were fed with basic diet, while the third group was fed basic diet containing 500 mg/kg curcumin. Ducks in the AFB1 group and AFB1 + curcumin group were challenged with AFB1 at the age of 70 days. The results show that AFB1 administration caused liver damage, increased CYP450 content and AFB1-DNA adducts in the liver, and induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the liver. Dietary curcumin significantly inhibited the generation of H2O2 and MDA in liver, activated the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, and suppressed the NLRP3–caspase-1 signaling pathway in the liver of ducks. Conclusively, curcumin in diet could protect duck liver against the generation of AFB1-DNA adducts, toxicity, oxidation stress and inflammatory response induced by AFB1 through regulating the NLRP3–caspase-1 signaling pathways, demonstrating that curcumin is a potential feed additive agent to reduce the serious harmful effects of AFB1 on duck breeding.
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Liu F, Wang Y, Zhou X, Liu M, Jin S, Shan A, Feng X. Resveratrol Relieved Acute Liver Damage in Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos) Induced by AFB1 via Modulation of Apoptosis and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123516. [PMID: 34944291 PMCID: PMC8698071 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aflatoxin B1 is ubiquitous in food and feed, which not only poses a great threat to animals, but also affects human health. It is unclear whether resveratrol can resist aflatoxin B1 damage in ducks’ livers. Therefore, the effect of resveratrol supplementation in the diets on liver injury aflatoxin B1was investigated through the gavage of aflatoxin B1. It was found that a diet that includes resveratrol can effectively protect ducks’ livers from acute injury caused by aflatoxin B1. Our study suggests that resveratrol serves as a potential phytochemical feed additive for the treatment of acute aflatoxin B1 poisoning in ducks Abstract The presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed is a serious threat to livestock and poultry health and to human food safety. Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and other biological activities; however, it is not clear whether it can improve AFB1 induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Res on liver injury induced by AFB1 and its mechanisms. A total of 270 one-day-old male specific pathogen free (SPF) ducks, with no significant difference in weight, were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the AFB1 group and the AFB1 + Res group, which were fed a basic diet, a basic diet and a basic diet containing 500 mg/kg Res, respectively. On the 70th day, the ducks in theAFB1 group and the AFB1+ 500 mg/kg Res group were given 60 μg/kg AFB1 via gavage. When comparing the AFB1 group and the AFB1 + Res group and also with the control group, AFB1 significantly increased liver damage, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and AFB1-DNA adduct content, increased oxidative stress levels and induced liver apoptosis, which was improved by Res supplementation. In sum, the addition of Res to feed can increase the activity of the II-phase enzyme, activate the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, and protect ducks’ livers from the toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by AFB1.
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Sarker MT, Wan X, Yang H, Wang Z. Dietary Lycopene Supplementation Could Alleviate Aflatoxin B 1 Induced Intestinal Damage through Improving Immune Function and Anti-Oxidant Capacity in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3165. [PMID: 34827896 PMCID: PMC8614560 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of lycopene (LYC) supplementation on the intestinal immune function, barrier function, and antioxidant capacity of broilers fed with aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) contaminated diet. A total of 144 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups; each group consisted of six replicates (eight birds in each cage). Treatments were: (1) a basal diet containing neither AFB1 nor LYC (Control), (2) basal diet containing 100 µg/kg AFB1, and (3) basal diets with 100 µg/kg AFB1 and 200 mg/kg LYC (AFB1 and LYC). The results showed that dietary LYC supplementation ameliorated the AFB1 induced broiler intestinal changes by decreasing the inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and increasing mRNA abundances of cludin-1 (CLDN-1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum mucosa. On the other hand, AFB1-induced increases in serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, D-lactate concentration, mucosal malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations were reversed by dietary LYC supplementation (p < 0.05). Additionally, LYC supplementation ameliorated the redox balance through increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and their related mRNA expression abundances compared to AFB1 exposed broilers. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LYC could alleviate AFB1 induced broiler intestinal immune function and barrier function damage and improve antioxidants status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.T.S.); (X.W.); (H.Y.)
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A Novel Colorimetric Nano Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Based on the Exonuclease III-Assisted Signal Amplification Approach. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112568. [PMID: 34828849 PMCID: PMC8625208 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has recently garnered much attention on the issue of food safety. In this study, a novel and sensitive aptasensor towards AFB1 is proposed using an Exonuclease III (Exo III)-integrated signal amplification strategy. This reported sensing strategy is regulated by aptamer-functionalized nanobeads that can target AFB1; furthermore, complementary DNA (cDNA) strands can lock the immobilized aptamer strands, preventing the signal amplification function of Exo III in the absence of AFB1. The presence of AFB1 triggers the displacement of cDNA, which will then activate the Exo III-integrated signal amplification procedure, resulting in the generation of a guanine (G)-rich sequence to form a G-4/hemin DNAzyme, which can catalyze the substrate of ABTS to produce a green color. Using this method, a practical detection limit of 0.0032 ng/mL and a dynamic range of detection from 0.0032 to 50 ng/mL were obtained. Additionally, the practical application of the established sensing method for AFB1 in complex matrices was demonstrated through recovery experiments. The recovery rate and relative standard deviations (RSD) in three kinds of cereal samples ranged from 93.83% to 111.58%, and 0.82% to 7.20%, respectively, which were comparable with or better than previously reported methods.
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Rajput SA, Shaukat A, Wu K, Rajput IR, Baloch DM, Akhtar RW, Raza MA, Najda A, Rafał P, Albrakati A, El-Kott AF, Abdel-Daim MM. Luteolin Alleviates AflatoxinB 1-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mice through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081268. [PMID: 34439516 PMCID: PMC8389199 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a threatening mycotoxin, usually provokes oxidative stress and causes hepatotoxicity in animals and humans. Luteolin (LUTN), well-known as an active phytochemical agent, acts as a strong antioxidant. This research was designed to investigate whether LUTN exerts protective effects against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity and explore the possible molecular mechanism in mice. A total of forty-eight mice were randomly allocated following four treatment groups (n = 12): Group 1, physiological saline (CON). Group 2, treated with 0.75 mg/kg BW aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Group 3, treated with 50 mg/kg BW luteolin (LUTN), and Group 4, treated with 0.75 mg/kg BW aflatoxin B1 + 50 mg/kg BW luteolin (AFB1 + LUTN). Our findings revealed that LUTN treatment significantly alleviated growth retardation and rescued liver injury by relieving the pathological and serum biochemical alterations (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT) under AFB1 exposure. LUTN ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS and MDA accumulation and boosting the capacity of the antioxidant enzyme (CAT, T-SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC). Moreover, LUTN treatment considerably attenuates the AFB1-induced apoptosis in mouse liver, as demonstrated by declined apoptotic cells percentage, decreased Bax, Cyt-c, caspase-3 and caspase-9 transcription and protein with increased Bcl-2 expression. Notably, administration of LUTN up-regulated the Nrf2 and its associated downstream molecules (HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, SOD1) at mRNA and protein levels under AFB1 exposure. Our results indicated that LUTN effectively alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Taken together, LUTN may serve as a potential mitigator against AFB1-induced liver injury and could be helpful for the development of novel treatment to combat liver diseases in humans and/or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 540642, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-158-2763-4435
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Imran Rashid Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science, Uthal 89250, Pakistan;
| | - Dost Muhammad Baloch
- Department of Biotechnology, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science, Uthal 89250, Pakistan;
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (R.W.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (R.W.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Papliński Rafał
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Attalla F. El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Zhao L, Zhang L, Xu Z, Liu X, Chen L, Dai J, Karrow NA, Sun L. Occurrence of Aflatoxin B 1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China during 2018-2020. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:74. [PMID: 34243805 PMCID: PMC8272344 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feeds from various Provinces of China during 2018 to 2020. A total of 3,507 feed samples, including 2,090 feed ingredients and 1,417 complete feed samples, were collected from different areas of China for mycotoxins analysis. RESULTS The individual contamination of AFB1, DON and ZEN were present in more than 81.9%, 96.4% and 96.9% of feed samples, respectively, with average concentration ranges of AFB1 between 1.2-27.4 μg/kg, DON between 458.0-1,925.4 μg/kg and ZEN between 48.1-326.8 μg/kg. Notably, 0.9%, 0.5% and 0.1% of feed ingredients, and 1.2-12.8%, 0.9-2.9% and 0-8.9% of complete feeds for pigs, poultry and ruminants with AFB1, ZEN and DON that exceeded China's safety standards, respectively. Moreover, more than 81.5% of feed ingredients and 95.7% of complete feeds were co-contaminated with various combinations of these mycotoxins. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the feeds in China were universally contaminated with AFB1, DON and ZEN during the past 3 years. These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in the domestic animal feed, and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xingda Liu
- Guilin Li Yuan Grain and Oil Food Group Co., Ltd, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Jiangsu Aomai Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211226, China
| | - Jiefan Dai
- Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | | | - Lvhui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Elkhamesy A, Refaat M, Gouida MSO, Alrdahe SS, Youssef MM. Diminished CCl 4 -induced hepatocellular carcinoma, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by co-administration of curcumin or selenium in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13845. [PMID: 34231234 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease, and in HCC advanced stages, there is limited therapeutic efficacy. HCC results in a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. In this study, the protective effect of curcumin and selenium versus hepatocellular carcinoma caused by CCl4 in experimental animals was investigated. In all, 70 mice were divided into seven groups to study the effect of curcumin and selenium on CCl4 -induced hepatocellular carcinoma. After treatment time, different animal groups were sacrificed, serum and liver samples were collected and processed for assay of biochemical and molecular parameters. Our results showed that CCl4 administration induced various alterations such as significant elevation in the serum levels of ALT, AST, and hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and depletion in the levels of antioxidant parameters. CCl4 induced apoptosis in the hepatic cells indicated by an increased level of p53, CD4, CD8, Bax, and Annexin V/PI in addition to significant decrease in the level of Bcl-2. Administration of curcumin and selenium restored this abnormal variation in these biochemical parameters to normal values. Our study addressed that curcumin or selenium may be helpful in the protection against liver damage induced by CCl4 . The hepatoprotective impact of curcumin or selenium might be mediated primarily by its potent antioxidant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranked third common cause of death, primary liver cancer. Exposure to CCl4 was found to induce significant hepatotoxicity, characterized by fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, cirrhosis, and reduced hepatic function The work was prepared to investigate the protecting capacity of curcumin, selenium alone, and in combination against HCC induced by CCl4 in the experimental animal model. This study proved the protective effect of curcumin and selenium, alone and in combination with each other, where curcumin showed multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant, and have an essential role in inhibiting the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elkhamesy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona S O Gouida
- Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salma S Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy M Youssef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Jin S, Yang H, Jiao Y, Pang Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Shan A, Feng X. Dietary Curcumin Alleviated Acute Ileum Damage of Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos) Induced by AFB1 through Regulating Nrf2-ARE and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061370. [PMID: 34198498 PMCID: PMC8231806 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a stable toxic metabolite threatening health of human and animal and widely contaminated animal feed and human food. This present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary curcumin on ileum injury in ducks induced by AFB1 administration and explore its underlying mechanisms. Ducks (N = 450, one-day-old male) with a similar weight were randomly assigned to 3 groups, containing the control group, AFB1 group (60 μg AFB1 kg−1 body weight) and curcumin (500 mg curcumin kg−1 diet) + AFB1 group. AFB1 administration markedly increased the ileum damage, AFB1-DNA adducts in the plasma and oxidation stress and inflammation. Adding curcumin into diet protected the ileum against morphology damage induced by AFB1 administration, decreased AFB1-DNA adducts in the plasma and eliminated oxidation stress and inflammation in the ileum of ducks. Anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin could protect the ileum against acute damage via activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusively, curcumin was a dietary anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation agent via activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway to protect ileum against acute damage induced by AFB1 administration.
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Zhao L, Deng J, Xu ZJ, Zhang WP, Khalil MM, Karrow NA, Sun LH. Mitigation of Aflatoxin B 1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:878. [PMID: 34070870 PMCID: PMC8229166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) in mediating the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic injury in chicks. A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage). After three days of acclimation, the broilers were fed either a control diet (Control), Control plus 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1, or Control plus 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 with 500 or 1000 mg/kg HD for two weeks. Both serum and liver were collected at the end of the feeding trial for biochemistry, histology, and NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling analysis. Compared with Control, the AFB1 treatment caused liver injury and decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and serum albumin and total protein by 6.2-20.7%. AFB1 also induced swelling, necrosis, and severe vacuolar degeneration in chicks' livers. Notably, HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg mitigated (p < 0.05) the alterations induced by AFB1. HD supplementation alleviated (p < 0.05) AFB1-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, protein carbonyl, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)-DNA concentrations by 57.7-100% and increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 23.1-40.9% more than those of AFB1 treatment alone. Furthermore, HD supplementation at the two doses upregulated (p < 0.05) NRF2, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione-S transferase A2 and A3 in livers relative to the AFB1 group by 0.99-3.4-fold. Overall, dietary supplementation of HD at a high dose displayed better protection effects against aflatoxicosis. In conclusion, a dietary HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg protected broilers from AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity, potentially due to the activation of NRF2/ARE signaling in the chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (J.D.); (Z.-J.X.)
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (J.D.); (Z.-J.X.)
| | - Zi-Jian Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (J.D.); (Z.-J.X.)
| | - Wan-Po Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Cairo 13736, Egypt;
| | | | - Lv-Hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (J.D.); (Z.-J.X.)
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The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9996503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most metabolites of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), especially exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB1, and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the AFB1 metabolic activation, like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and AFB1 metabolic detoxification, like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in poultry. In addition, AFB1 may have other metabolic pathways in poultry, such as the mutual conversion of AFB1 and aflatoxicol (AFL) and the process of AFBO to produce AFB1-8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB1-dhd) and further metabolize it into detoxification substances. This review also summarized some exogenous regulatory substances that can alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative stress.
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Navale V, Vamkudoth KR, Ajmera S, Dhuri V. Aspergillus derived mycotoxins in food and the environment: Prevalence, detection, and toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1008-1030. [PMID: 34408970 PMCID: PMC8363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species are the paramount ubiquitous fungi that contaminate various food substrates and produce biochemicals known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins (AFTs), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), aflatrem (AT), secalonic acids (SA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), terrein (TR), sterigmatocystin (ST) and gliotoxin (GT), and other toxins produced by species of Aspergillus plays a major role in food and human health. Mycotoxins exhibited wide range of toxicity to the humans and animal models even at nanomolar (nM) concentration. Consumption of detrimental mycotoxins adulterated foodstuffs affects human and animal health even trace amounts. Bioaerosols consisting of spores and hyphal fragments are active elicitors of bronchial irritation and allergy, and challenging to the public health. Aspergillus is the furthermost predominant environmental contaminant unswervingly defile lives with a 40-90 % mortality risk in patients with conceded immunity. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches useful for mycotoxins' detection which are expensive. Antibody based detection of toxins chemotypes may result in cross-reactivity and uncertainty. Aptamers (APT) are single stranded DNA (ssDNA/RNA), are specifically binds to the target molecules can be generated by systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment (SELEX). APT are fast, sensitive, simple, in-expensive, and field-deployable rapid point of care (POC) detection of toxins, and a better alternative to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwambar Navale
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Vamkudoth
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vaibhavi Dhuri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
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Raj J, Vasiljević M, Tassis P, Farkaš H, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Männer K. Effects of a modified clinoptilolite zeolite on growth performance, health status and detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A in male broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:601-610. [PMID: 33595390 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1891522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of an in-feed modified clinoptilolite zeolite-based mycotoxin binding substance (Minazel® Plus, Patent Co, Misicevo, Serbia; MP) to prevent gastrointestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) and its effects on health status and performance parameters of broilers.2. A total of 375, 1 d old male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were used for a total trial period of 42 d (from hatch to 42 d of age). Animals were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (T1-T5), in 25 pens (15 male broilers per pen, five pens per treatment). T1 was the control maize-based diet without the addition of mycotoxins, or the test product. T2 and T3 groups received contaminated maize in the diet containing 0.02 mg AFB1/kg feed and 0.1 mg OTA/kg feed, whereas T4 and T5 groups received 0.05 mg AFB1/kg feed and 0.5 mg OTA/kg feed. The MP was added to T3 (1 g/kg feed), and T5 (2 g/kg feed) groups.3. Results showed that exposure to AFB1 and OTA at low or moderate levels, as used in this study, did not markedly affect growth performance, blood profile or organ weights. Improvements in feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in birds receiving MP, whereby FCR of T3 group was improved in comparison with T2 group, although there was no significant difference between T5 and T4 groups. However, average body weight gain (ABWG) was improved in the T5 group compared to T4, but not in the T3 versus T2 group comparison.4. For serum biochemical parameters, glutamate-dehydrogenase (GLDH) was significantly improved in T5 birds in comparison with T4. The addition of MP significantly decreased residue levels of AFB1 in liver and OTA in the spleen of the treated groups.5. The improvements in productive performance and reduction of mycotoxin residue levels in tissues demonstrated a beneficial effect of MP in cases of concurrent AFB1 and OTA ingestion by broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | - M Vasiljević
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | - P Tassis
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Farkaš
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | | | - K Männer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Barany A, Fuentes J, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Aflatoxicosis Dysregulates the Physiological Responses to Crowding Densities in the Marine Teleost Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030753. [PMID: 33803392 PMCID: PMC7999881 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg-1 diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L-1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI MAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
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Guo HW, Chang J, Wang P, Yin QQ, Liu CQ, Xu XX, Dang XW, Hu XF, Wang QL. Effects of compound probiotics and aflatoxin-degradation enzyme on alleviating aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cells. AMB Express 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33646441 PMCID: PMC7921234 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins for humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotics (CP), CP supernatant (CPS), AFB1-degradation enzyme (ADE) on chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities, and to determine the functions of CP + ADE (CPADE) or CPS + ADE (CPSADE) for alleviating cytotoxicity induced by AFB1. The results showed that AFB1 decreased cell viabilities in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The optimal AFB1 concentrations and reactive time for establishing cell damage models were 200 µg/L AFB1 and 12 h for intestinal epithelium cells, 40 µg/L and 12 h for liver and kidney cells. Cell viabilities reached 231.58% (p < 0.05) for intestinal epithelium cells with CP addition, 105.29% and 115.84% (p < 0.05) for kidney and liver cells with CPS additions. The further results showed that intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities were significantly decreased to 87.12%, 88.7% and 84.19% (p < 0.05) when the cells were exposed to AFB1; however, they were increased to 93.49% by CPADE addition, 102.33% and 94.71% by CPSADE additions (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, NOD1 (except liver cell) and TLR2 in three kinds of primary cells were significantly down-regulated by CPADE or CPSADE addition, compared with single AFB1 group (p < 0.05), indicating that CPADE or CPSADE addition could alleviate cell cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure through suppressing the activations of NF-κB, iNOS, NOD1 and TLR2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qing-Qiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Chao-Qi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dang
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quan-Liang Wang
- Henan Guangan Biotechnological Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Kozieł MJ, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Nrf2: a main responsive element in cells to mycotoxin-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1521-1533. [PMID: 33554281 PMCID: PMC8113212 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor participating in response to cellular oxidative stress to maintain the redox balance. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in consequence, oxidative stress, are physiological as well as pathological processes which take place in almost all types of cells. Nrf2, in response to oxidative stress, activates expression and production of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. However, the role of Nrf2 seems to be more sophisticated and its increased expression observed in cancer cells allows to draw a conclusion that its role is tissue—and condition—dependent. Interestingly, Nrf2 might also play a crucial role in response to environmental factors like mycotoxins. Thus, the aim of the study is to review the role of Nrf2 in cells exposed to most common mycotoxins to check if the Nrf2 signaling pathway serves as the main response element to mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress in human and animal cells and if it can be a target of detoxifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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Ates MB, Ortatatli M. Phase-1 bioactivation mechanisms of aflatoxin through AhR, CAR and PXR nuclear receptors and the interactions with Nigella sativa seeds and thymoquinone in broilers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111774. [PMID: 33396089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are metabolised in two main phases in the liver. Cytochrome p450 enzyme (CYP) 1A1 and CYP2A6 are expressed through AhR, CAR and PXR nuclear receptors in phase-1 biotransformation of AFs. This study is the first to examine phase-1 biotransformation mechanisms of AF and the activity of Nigella sativa seed (NS) and its active ingredient thymoquinone (TQ) on these enzymes and receptors at the molecular level in broilers. Six groups of one day old broiler chicken (20 animals per group) were fed either control feed or a diet containing Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 culture material (total AFs 2 mg/kg), TQ (300 mg/kg), and NS (5%), either alone or as AF + TQ and AF + NS. Randomly selected from each group, 10 chicks were necropsied, and the livers were removed. Histopathological examination and serum biochemistry results revealed that AF caused hydropic and fatty degenerations, periportal inflammatory infiltrations, acinar arrangement, and biliary duct proliferation in livers and a significant increase at AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels while significant decreases at serum cholesterol and total protein levels. These aflatoxicosis lesions and deteriorations in biochemistry levels were significantly ameliorated by NS or TQ (p < 0.05). AF was immunohistochemically found to increase strongly the nuclear receptors of AhR, PXR, CAR, and the enzyme activity of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 responsible for its metabolism, leading to the emergence of toxic effects. Addition of TQ or NS to AF-containing diets improved the negative effects of AF on these receptors and enzymes significantly (p < 0.05). It was concluded that TQ and NS successfully alleviated liver injury by inhibiting or reducing the bioactivation of AF through phase-1 nuclear receptors and CYP-450 enzymes modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Burak Ates
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 42130 Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ortatatli
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 42130 Konya, Turkey
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Li S, Liu R, Wei G, Guo G, Yu H, Zhang Y, Ishfaq M, Fazilani SA, Zhang X. Curcumin protects against Aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury in broilers via the modulation of long non-coding RNA expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111725. [PMID: 33396056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic agent. Curcumin possesses potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. However, the role of LncRNAs in the protective mechanisms of curcumin against AFB1-induced liver damage is still elusive. Experimental broilers were randomly divided into 1) control group, 2) AFB1 group (1 mg/kg feed), 3) cur + AFB1 group (1 mg/kg AFB1 plus 300 mg/kg curcumin diet) and 4) curcumin group (300 mg/kg curcumin diet). Liver transcriptome analyses and qPCR were performed to identify shifts in genes expression. In addition, histopathological assessment and oxidant status were determined. Dietary AFB1 caused hepatic morphological injury, significantly increased the production of ROS, decreased liver antioxidant enzymes activities and induced inflammation and apoptosis. However, dietary curcumin partially attenuated the abnormal morphological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in liver tissues. Transcriptional profiling results showed that 34 LncRNAs and 717 mRNAs were differentially expressed with AFB1 and curcumin co-treatment in livers of broilers. Analysis of the LncRNA-mRNA network, GO and KEGG enrichment data suggested that oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis pathway were crucial in curcumin's alleviating AFB1-induced liver damage. In conclusion, curcumin prevented AFB1-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis through LncRNAs. These results provide new insights for unveiling the protective mechanisms of curcumin against AFB1-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruimeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Gaoqiang Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guifang Guo
- The Department of Chemical Drug Review, China Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongxiao Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China
| | - Saqib Ali Fazilani
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, PR China.
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Malekinezhad P, Ellestad LE, Afzali N, Farhangfar SH, Omidi A, Mohammadi A. Evaluation of berberine efficacy in reducing the effects of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A added to male broiler rations. Poult Sci 2020; 100:797-809. [PMID: 33518134 PMCID: PMC7858088 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of mycotoxins are found in food sources contaminated with fungi, and if these are ingested in large quantities or over a long period, they can affect the health of humans and domestic animals. Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid with multiple pharmacological functions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of the plant alkaloid BBR on reducing toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in broilers by examining performance characteristics, blood biochemistry, antioxidant systems, ileum morphology, and histopathology of the liver. The experiment was performed with 288 Ross 308 broilers reared in floor pens for 42 d in a randomized design with 9 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, and each replicate contained 8 chicks. Experimental treatments included (1) negative control diet with no additives (NC); (2) NC + 2 ppm AFB (positive control AFB; PCAFB); (3) NC + 2 ppm OTA (positive control OTA; PCOTA); (4) PCAFB + 200 mg/kg BBR; (5) PCAFB + 400 mg/kg BBR; (6) PCAFB + 600 mg/kg BBR; (7) PCOTA + 200 mg/kg BBR; (8) PCOTA + 400 mg/kg BBR; and (9) PCOTA + 600 mg/kg BBR. Compared with NC, feeding PCAFB and PCOTA diets reduced average daily feed intake, weight gain, serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the length and width of ileum villi (P < 0.05). At the same time, these parameters increased in birds fed PCAFB or PCOTA diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg of BBR (P < 0.05). Feeding PCAFB and PCOTA diets increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, serum urea, and liver lesions compared with NC. By contrast, compared with PCAFB and PCOTA, adding 600 mg/kg BBR decreased FCR, AST, LDH, ALT, and GGT activities, urea, and liver lesions (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation with 600 mg/kg BBR may improve growth performance, liver function, and antioxidant status of broilers fed diets contaminated with AFB and OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Malekinezhad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran; Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nazar Afzali
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | | | - Arash Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Guo Y, Balasubramanian B, Zhao ZH, Liu WC. Marine algal polysaccharides alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced bursa of Fabricius injury by regulating redox and apoptotic signaling pathway in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:844-857. [PMID: 33518138 PMCID: PMC7858151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes toxic effect and leads to organ damage in broilers. Marine algal polysaccharides (MAP) of Enteromorpha prolifera exert multiple biological activities, maybe have a potential detoxification effect on AFB1, but the related research in broilers is extremely rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether MAPs can alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis of bursa of Fabricius in broilers. A total of 216 five-week-old male indigenous yellow-feathered broilers (with average initial body weight 397.35 ± 6.32 g) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments (6 replicates with 12 broilers per replicate), and the trial lasted 4 wk. Experimental groups were followed as basal diet (control group); basal diet mixed with 100 μg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 group, the AFB1 is purified form); basal diet with 100 μg/kg AFB1 + 2,500 mg/kg MAPs (AFB1 + MAPs group). The results showed that the diet with AFB1 significantly decreased the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.05), antioxidant enzymes activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC), while increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). Besides, compared with AFB1 group, dietary MAPs improved the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GST) with decreased MDA contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, the consumption of AFB1 downregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, GSTA3, CAT1, GPX1, GPx3, GSTT1, Nrf2, HO-1, and p38MAPK (P < 0.05). Dietary MAPs upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD2, GSTA3, CAT1, GPX1, GSTT1, p38MAPK, Nrf2, and HO-1 in comparison with AFB1 group (P < 0.05). The histological analysis confirmed restoration of apoptotic cells of bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.01), which seen with MAPs supplemented broilers. Besides, dietary MAPs down-regulated the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bax (P < 0.05), while up-regulated the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05) compared with AFB1 group. In addition, according to protein expression results, dietary MAPs up-regulated the protein expression level of antioxidant and apoptosis-associated proteins (Nrf2, HO-1, p38MAPK, Bcl-2) (P < 0.01), but down-regulated the protein expression level of caspase-3 and Bax (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary MAPs alleviated AFB1-induced bursa of Fabricius injury through regulating Nrf2-mediated redox and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhi-Hui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P. R. China.
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Rashidi N, Khatibjoo A, Taherpour K, Akbari-Gharaei M, Shirzadi H. Effects of licorice extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter biochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B 1. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5896-5906. [PMID: 33142507 PMCID: PMC7647870 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, toxin binders, and plant extracts improve health and immunity of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin. The effects of licorice extract (LE), Protexin probiotic, toxin binder (Agrabound), and poultry litter biochar (PLB) in experimental aflatoxicosis were evaluated. In a completely randomized design, 504 broiler chickens were allotted to 7 treatments and 6 replicates with 12 broiler chickens in each. The experimental groups were as follows: T1) basal diet (B) without any feed additive or aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); T2) B + 0.5 mg AFB1/kg; T3) T2 + 3 g LE/kg; T4) T2 + 6 g LE/kg; T5) T2 + 0.5 g Protexin/kg; T6) T2 + 1 g toxin binder/kg, and T7) T2 + 5 g/kg PLB. Broiler chickens fed AFB diet (T2) had lower body weight gain at the end of grower period and higher feed conversion ratio at the end of the finisher period, whereas inclusion of LE, probiotic, toxin binder, or PLB restores body weight of broiler chickens to that of the control group. Aflatoxicosis decreased total protein, TG, albumin, Ca, and P concentrations and greater uric acid concentration in broiler chickens as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg increased serum total protein; inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and toxin binder increased TG; inclusion of 3 and 6 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and PLB increased serum albumin; and the whole additive decreased serum uric acid of broiler chickens comparing with the control group. Lymphocyte percentage, avian influenza antibody titer, thymus relative weight, and immune response to phytohemagglutinin were decreased in the T2 group, whereas heterophil percentage and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were increased (P < 0.05). Aflatoxicosis increased breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, liver enzymes activities, and number of fat vacuoles (P < 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, all of the additives lowered alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase activities, breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, and liver pathological damages (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that all of the additives are capable to decrease the negative impact of AFB1 on broiler chickens' performance, blood indices, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rashidi
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Khatibjoo
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
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50
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Choi SY, Kim TH, Hong MW, Park TS, Lee H, Lee SJ. Transcriptomic alterations induced by aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in LMH cell line. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5265-5274. [PMID: 33142442 PMCID: PMC7647754 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which are toxic metabolites of ubiquitously occurring molds, show diverse toxicological effects such as hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in human and animals. Despite poultry show sensitivity to AFB1 and OTA, the mechanism of these mycotoxins in chickens has not been fully investigated. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism induced by AFB1 and/or OTA in chicken hepatic cells using transcriptomic analysis. Aflatoxin B1 and OTA induced cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner at 48 h after exposure. Furthermore, correlation effect indicated an antagonism between the 2 toxins. The mRNA sequencing of AFB1-treated or OTA-treated chicken hepatocarcinoma and functional analysis revealed the pathways that were commonly regulated by both mycotoxins, especially PPAR signaling, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling. Based on these findings, a possible hypothesis is that AFB1 and OTA have similar toxic mechanisms and compete for some steps in the chicken liver, and it is expected that the mycotoxins would have antagonistic effects. In addition, genes identified through transcriptome analysis provide candidates for further study of AFB1 and OTA toxicity and targets for efforts to improve the health of chickens exposed to mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Min-Wook Hong
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
| | - Hyojeong Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea.
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