1
|
Oliveira BR, Nehlmeier I, Kempf AM, Venugopalan V, Rehders M, Ceniza MEP, Cavalcanti PADTPV, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Brix K. Cytoskeletal β-tubulin and cysteine cathepsin L deregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00044-0. [PMID: 38432290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory tract but can also target other organs, including the central nervous system. While it was recently shown that cells of the blood-brain-barrier are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, it remains debated whether neurons can be infected. In this study, we demonstrate that vesicular stomatitis virus particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants WT, Alpha, Delta and Omicron enter the neuronal model cell line SH-SY5Y. Cell biological analyses of the pseudo-virus treated cultures showed marked alterations in microtubules of SH-SY5Y cells. Because the changes in β-tubulin occurred in most cells, but only few were infected, we further asked whether interaction of the cells with spike protein might be sufficient to cause molecular and structural changes. For this, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with trimeric spike proteins for time intervals of up to 24 h. CellProfiler™-based image analyses revealed changes in the intensities of microtubule staining in spike protein-incubated cells. Furthermore, expression of the spike protein-processing protease cathepsin L was found to be up-regulated by wild type, Alpha and Delta spike protein pseudotypes and cathepsin L was found to be secreted from spike protein-treated cells. We conclude that the mere interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with neuronal cells can affect cellular architecture and proteolytic capacities. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced cytoskeletal changes in neuronal cells remain elusive and require future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R Oliveira
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Amy Madeleine Kempf
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Maren Rehders
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Marianne E P Ceniza
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Markus Hoffmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, D-28759, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Acciani MD, Brindley MA. Scrambled or flipped: 5 facts about how cellular phosphatidylserine localization can mediate viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010352. [PMID: 35245334 PMCID: PMC8896693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Danielle Acciani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melinda Ann Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kirui J, Abidine Y, Lenman A, Islam K, Gwon YD, Lasswitz L, Evander M, Bally M, Gerold G. The Phosphatidylserine Receptor TIM-1 Enhances Authentic Chikungunya Virus Cell Entry. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071828. [PMID: 34359995 PMCID: PMC8303237 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging, mosquito-transmitted, enveloped positive stranded RNA virus. Chikungunya fever is characterized by acute and chronic debilitating arthritis. Although multiple host factors have been shown to enhance CHIKV infection, the molecular mechanisms of cell entry and entry factors remain poorly understood. The phosphatidylserine-dependent receptors, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl), are transmembrane proteins that can serve as entry factors for enveloped viruses. Previous studies used pseudoviruses to delineate the role of TIM-1 and Axl in CHIKV entry. Conversely, here, we use the authentic CHIKV and cells ectopically expressing TIM-1 or Axl and demonstrate a role for TIM-1 in CHIKV infection. To further characterize TIM-1-dependent CHIKV infection, we generated cells expressing domain mutants of TIM-1. We show that point mutations in the phosphatidylserine binding site of TIM-1 lead to reduced cell binding, entry, and infection of CHIKV. Ectopic expression of TIM-1 renders immortalized keratinocytes permissive to CHIKV, whereas silencing of endogenously expressed TIM-1 in human hepatoma cells reduces CHIKV infection. Altogether, our findings indicate that, unlike Axl, TIM-1 readily promotes the productive entry of authentic CHIKV into target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Kirui
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yara Abidine
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Koushikul Islam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Yong-Dae Gwon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Institute for Experimental Virology, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.K.); (A.L.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (Y.A.); (K.I.); (Y.-D.G.); (M.E.); (M.B.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Interdependent Impact of Lipoprotein Receptors and Lipid-Lowering Drugs on HCV Infectivity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071626. [PMID: 34209751 PMCID: PMC8303410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HCV replication cycle is tightly associated with host lipid metabolism: Lipoprotein receptors SR-B1 and LDLr promote entry of HCV, replication is associated with the formation of lipid-rich membranous organelles and infectious particle assembly highjacks the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretory pathway. Hence, medications that interfere with the lipid metabolism of the cell, such as statins, may affect HCV infection. Here, we study the interplay between lipoprotein receptors, lipid homeostasis, and HCV infection by genetic and pharmacological interventions. We found that individual ablation of the lipoprotein receptors SR-B1 and LDLr did not drastically affect HCV entry, replication, or infection, but double lipoprotein receptor knock-outs significantly reduced HCV infection. Furthermore, we could show that this effect was neither due to altered expression of additional HCV entry factors nor caused by changes in cellular cholesterol content. Strikingly, whereas lipid-lowering drugs such as simvastatin or fenofibrate did not affect HCV entry or infection of immortalized hepatoma cells expressing SR-B1 and/or LDLr or primary human hepatocytes, ablation of these receptors rendered cells more susceptible to these drugs. Finally, we observed no significant differences between statin users and control groups with regards to HCV viral load in a cohort of HCV infected patients before and during HCV antiviral treatment. Interestingly, statin treatment, which blocks the mevalonate pathway leading to decreased cholesterol levels, was associated with mild but appreciable lower levels of liver damage markers before HCV therapy. Overall, our findings confirm the role of lipid homeostasis in HCV infection and highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway in the HCV replication cycle.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gunesch AP, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Pinkert L, Steinmann E, Manns MP, Schneider G, Pietschmann T, Brönstrup M, von Hahn T. Filovirus Antiviral Activity of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Is Associated with Lipophilicity and Ability To Induce Phospholipidosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00143-20. [PMID: 32513799 PMCID: PMC7526846 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00143-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) have been found to inhibit cell entry of filoviruses and other enveloped viruses. Structurally unrelated CADs may have antiviral activity, yet the underlying common mechanism and structure-activity relationship are incompletely understood. We aimed to understand how widespread antiviral activity is among CADs and which structural and physico-chemical properties are linked to entry inhibition. We measured inhibition of Marburg virus pseudoparticle (MARVpp) cell entry by 45 heterogeneous and mostly FDA-approved CADs and cytotoxicity in EA.hy926 cells. We analyzed correlation of antiviral activity with four chemical properties: pKa, hydrophobicity (octanol/water partitioning coefficient; ClogP), molecular weight, and distance between the basic group and hydrophobic ring structures. Additionally, we quantified drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) of a CAD subset by flow cytometry. Structurally similar compounds (derivatives) and those with similar chemical properties but unrelated structures (analogues) to those of strong inhibitors were obtained by two in silico similarity search approaches and tested for antiviral activity. Overall, 11 out of 45 (24%) CADs inhibited MARVpp by 40% or more. The strongest antiviral compounds were dronedarone, triparanol, and quinacrine. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed highly significant correlations between antiviral activity, hydrophobicity (ClogP > 4), and DIPL. Moreover, pKa and intramolecular distance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties correlated with antiviral activity but to a lesser extent. We also showed that in contrast to analogues, derivatives had antiviral activity similar to that of the seed compound dronedarone. Overall, one-quarter of CADs inhibit MARVpp entry in vitro, and antiviral activity of CADs mostly relies on their hydrophobicity yet is promoted by the individual structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P Gunesch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Pinkert
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perez-Zsolt D, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. When Dendritic Cells Go Viral: The Role of Siglec-1 in Host Defense and Dissemination of Enveloped Viruses. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010008. [PMID: 31861617 PMCID: PMC7019426 DOI: 10.3390/v12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells that recognize incoming viruses at the mucosal portals of entry. Initial interaction between DCs and viruses facilitates cell activation and migration to secondary lymphoid tissues, where these antigen presenting cells (APCs) prime specific adaptive immune responses. Some viruses, however, have evolved strategies to subvert the migratory capacity of DCs as a way to disseminate infection systemically. Here we focus on the role of Siglec-1, a sialic acid-binding type I lectin receptor potently upregulated by type I interferons on DCs, that acts as a double edge sword, containing viral replication through the induction of antiviral immunity, but also favoring viral spread within tissues. Such is the case for distant enveloped viruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or Ebola virus (EBOV), which incorporate sialic acid-containing gangliosides on their viral membrane and are effectively recognized by Siglec-1. Here we review how Siglec-1 is highly induced on the surface of human DCs upon viral infection, the way this impacts different antigen presentation pathways, and how enveloped viruses have evolved to exploit these APC functions as a potent dissemination strategy in different anatomical compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Chair in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-P.); (N.I.-U.)
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-P.); (N.I.-U.)
| |
Collapse
|