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Chen J, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Wang H, Pan S, Liu Y. The Antiviral Potential of Perilla frutescens: Advances and Perspectives. Molecules 2024; 29:3328. [PMID: 39064906 PMCID: PMC11279397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose a significant threat to human health, causing widespread diseases and impacting the global economy. Perilla frutescens, a traditional medicine and food homologous plant, is well known for its antiviral properties. This systematic review examines the antiviral potential of Perilla frutescens, including its antiviral activity, chemical structure and pharmacological parameters. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we revealed the correlation between Perilla frutescens and antiviral activity, identified overlaps between Perilla frutescens target genes and virus-related genes, and explored related signaling pathways. Moreover, a classified summary of the active components of Perilla frutescens, focusing on compounds associated with antiviral activity, provides important clues for optimizing the antiviral drug development of Perilla frutescens. Our findings indicate that Perilla frutescens showed a strong antiviral effect, and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit the replication and spread of a variety of viruses in this review. The antiviral mechanisms of Perilla frutescens may involve several pathways, including enhanced immune function, modulation of inflammatory responses, and inhibition of key enzyme activities such as viral replicase. These results underscore the potential antiviral application of Perilla frutescens as a natural plant and provide important implications for the development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Shu Pan
- Computer Science School, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
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Manca V, Chianese A, Palmas V, Etzi F, Zannella C, Moi D, Secci F, Serreli G, Sarais G, Morone MV, Galdiero M, Onnis V, Manzin A, Sanna G. Exploring the Antiviral Potential of Esters of Cinnamic Acids with Quercetin. Viruses 2024; 16:665. [PMID: 38793547 PMCID: PMC11125646 DOI: 10.3390/v16050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 762 million people to date and has caused approximately 7 million deaths all around the world, involving more than 187 countries. Although currently available vaccines show high efficacy in preventing severe respiratory complications in infected patients, the high number of mutations in the S proteins of the current variants is responsible for the high level of immune evasion and transmissibility of the virus and the reduced effectiveness of acquired immunity. In this scenario, the development of safe and effective drugs of synthetic or natural origin to suppress viral replication and treat acute forms of COVID-19 remains a valid therapeutic challenge. Given the successful history of flavonoids-based drug discovery, we developed esters of substituted cinnamic acids with quercetin to evaluate their in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of Coronaviruses. Interestingly, two derivatives, the 3,4-methylenedioxy 6 and the ester of acid 7, have proved to be effective in reducing OC43-induced cytopathogenicity, showing interesting EC50s profiles. The ester of synaptic acid 7 in particular, which is not endowed with relevant cytotoxicity under any of the tested conditions, turned out to be active against OC43 and SARS-CoV-2, showing a promising EC50. Therefore, said compound was selected as the lead object of further analysis. When tested in a yield reduction, assay 7 produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in viral titer. However, the compound was not virucidal, as exposure to high concentrations of it did not affect viral infectivity, nor did it affect hCoV-OC43 penetration into pre-treated host cells. Additional studies on the action mechanism have suggested that our derivative may inhibit viral endocytosis by reducing viral attachment to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manca
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (C.Z.); (M.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Etzi
- Biology and Genetic Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (C.Z.); (M.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Davide Moi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (D.M.); (G.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Francesco Secci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (D.M.); (G.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (C.Z.); (M.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (C.Z.); (M.V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (D.M.); (G.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.)
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Singh J, Rasane P, Kaur R, Kaur H, Garg R, Kaur S, Ercisli S, Choudhary R, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J. Valorization of grape ( Vitis vinifera) leaves for bioactive compounds: novel green extraction technologies and food-pharma applications. Front Chem 2023; 11:1290619. [PMID: 38156021 PMCID: PMC10754528 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1290619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape leaves, scientifically known as Vitis vinifera, the primary by-product obtained after the processing of grapes, are gathered in enormous amounts and disposed of as agricultural waste. For more sustainable agriculture and better food systems, it is crucial to investigate these byproducts' nutritional values. The primary bioactive compounds present in grape leaves are quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and gallic acid, which favour pharmacological effects on human health such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, grape leaves extract has been used as a functional ingredient for creating both food and non-food products. The aim of the current review is to review the nutritional and phytochemical composition of various varieties of grape leaves, their health-promoting characteristics and their applications. The study also highlights the various extraction techniques including conventional and non-conventional methods for extracting the various bioactive compounds present in grape leaves. Grape leaves bioactives can be extracted using environmentally safe and sustainable processes, which are in line with the rising demand for eco-friendly and healthful products worldwide. These methods are perfectly suited to the changing needs of both customers and industries since they lessen environmental effect, enhance product quality, and offer financial advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Garg
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, ATA Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
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Reis RD, da Rosa R, Pessa LR, Ruch Werneck Guimarães C. Nonclinical evaluation of a Vitis vinifera extract towards a novel antiaging cosmetic ingredient. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3445-3458. [PMID: 37464908 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging is regulated by multiple physiological processes, such as oxidative stress. Natural products have been considered as a promising source of antioxidant compounds. As a result, few innovative products on the market based on natural products tackle additional underlying mechanisms of skin aging. AIMS The present work reports the nonclinical evaluation of a novel extract from the skin of V. vinifera fruits (codified as ACH37 extract), with the aim of supporting its use as an antiaging cosmetic ingredient candidate in clinical trials. METHODS We employed enzymatic, phenotypic, and gene expression assays, both in vitro and ex vivo, to investigate the action of the ACH37 extract in different biological processes that could be related to skin aging mechanisms. RESULTS The ACH37 extract was able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (DPPH, O2 - ), prevent inflammation (LPS- and UV-induced COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-8 expression), modulate extracellular matrix remodeling (inhibiting elastase, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-12, as well as associated expression), increase telomere length, telomerase activity, and reverse the UV-induced suppression of genes involved in skin protection. In addition, the ACH37 extract permeated human skin explants and presented antioxidant efficacy ex vivo. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the ACH37 extract acts on multiple targets commonly related to skin aging, being a promising antiaging active ingredient candidate to be further investigated in clinical trials.
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El-Shiekh RA, Ashour RMS, Okba MM, Mandour AA, Kutkat O, Moatasim Y, Elshimy R. Natural compounds as possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents: an in-vitro and in-silico study. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37752734 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2261069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
WHO declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2' (SARS-CoV-2) was global health emergency since 2020. In our study eighteen natural compounds were investigated for possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential, where the most potent natural compounds were ursolic acid and dioscin with IC50 value of 4.49 µg/mL and 7.11 µg/mL, respectively. Hesperidin, catechin, diosmin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and hyperoside showed medium antiviral activity with IC50 value of 20.87, 22.57, 38.92, 39.62 and 47.10 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular modelling studies including docking study and predictive ADME study were performed on all tested molecules. Their binding energies after docking were calculated and their orientations at the active sites of both SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and spike (S) receptors were visualised and compared to the downloaded ligands. Also, the predictive ADME studies showed good pharmacokinetic properties of most of the tested compounds. The obtained in silico results obtained confirmed that many of the tested compounds are promising SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M S Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Elshimy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Egyptian Drug Authority, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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Elkousy RH, Said ZNA, Ali MA, Kutkat O, Abu El Wafa SA. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro potential of castor oil plant ( Ricinus communis) leaf extract: in-silico virtual evidence. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:365-376. [PMID: 37401758 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Ricinus communis L. is a medicinal plant that displays valuable pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study targeted to isolate and identify some constituents of R. communis leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and different chromatographic techniques. In vitro anti-MERS and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for different fractions and for two pure isolated compounds, lupeol (RS) and ricinine (RS1) were evaluated using a plaque reduction assay with three different mechanisms and IC50 based on their cytotoxic concentration (CC50) from an MTT assay using Vero E6 cell line. Isolated phytoconstituents and remdesivir are assessed for in-silico anti-COVID-19 activity using molecular docking tools. The methylene chloride extract showed pronounced virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 1.76 μg/ml). It was also shown that ricinine had superior potential activity against SARS-CoV-2, (IC50 = 2.5 μg/ml). Lupeol displayed the most potency against MERS, (IC50 = 5.28 μg/ml). Ricinine appeared to be the most biologically active compound. The study showed that R. communis and its isolated compounds have potential natural virucidal activity against SARS-COV-2; however, additional exploration is necessary and study for their in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawah H Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11651, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab N A Said
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11754, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Abu El Wafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11651, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Martínez-Olivo AO, Zamora-Gasga VM, Medina-Torres L, Pérez-Larios A, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Sánchez-Burgos JA. Biofunctionalization of natural extracts, trends in biological activity and kinetic release. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102938. [PMID: 37329675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits provided by plant matrices is due to the presence of certain compounds that, in studies carried out in vitro and in vivo, have shown to have biological activity in certain conditions, not only as a natural treatment against various conditions, but also for the quality of preventing chronic diseases, these compounds, already identified and studied, they can increase their biological function by undergoing structural chemical modifications or by being incorporated into polymer matrices that allow, in the first instance, to protect said compound and increase its bioaccessibility, as well as to preserve or increase the biological effects. Although the stabilization of compounds is an important aspect, it is also the study of the kinetic parameters of the system that contains them, since, due to these studies, the potential application to these systems can be designated. In this review we will address some of the work focused on obtaining compounds with biological activity from plant sources, the functionalization of extracts through double emulsions and nanoemulsions, as well as their toxicity and finally the pharmacokinetic aspects of entrapment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Osiris Martínez-Olivo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Luis Medina-Torres
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de los Altos, División de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierías, Laboratorio de Materiales, Agua y Energía, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, C.P. 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Ahmad A, Orassay A, Majaz S, Saeed A, Sadvokassova D, Berdigaliyev A, Ahmad S, Wang LX, Xie Y. Computational analysis of target genes in monkeypox virus infection and potential therapeutic precursors. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1153-1161. [PMID: 37711024 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2259614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monkeypox is an orthopoxvirus that is responsible for zoonotic infections in humans. The virus has recently spread rapidly and the WHO has listed it as an international public health emergency of concern. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Here, we used network analysis and gene enrichment protocols and analyzed datasets of MPXV infection that induced host cell gene expression list and subsequently mapped them against two herbal target gene lists which highlighted considerable coherence in pharmacological attributes with COVID-19. Molecular docking and simulation were performed for the screened compounds. RESULTS Our results identified β-carotene and kaempferol possessing tremendous ability against the MPXV PLD protein. Both compounds were subjected to each of 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation and were found native to the PLD pocket. MM-PB (GB) SA analyses indicated -25.4, -40.1 kcal/mol and -17.2, -26.4kcal/mol of ΔGbind to the active pocket of PLD. Our data suggest the adaptive nature of the MPXV PLD active pocket toward hydrophobic inhibitors. CONCLUSION These results will be of high importance for the viral researchers to be tested in wet lab settings in designing potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Orassay
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sidra Majaz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Saeed
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Darya Sadvokassova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alan Berdigaliyev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salar Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Tehsil Head Quarter (THQ) Hospital, Dargai Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Lian-Xiang Wang
- Department of Crops Research, Heze Research Institute, Heze, China
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Low Z, Lani R, Tiong V, Poh C, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P. COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119589. [PMID: 37298539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of the leading causes of death in 2022. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies in low-income countries still poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged the dominance of drug repurposing and synthetic compound libraries in COVID-19 therapeutics. Their abundant resources and excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap and readily available alternative for COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, we deliberately review the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of the natural products, their potency (pharmacological profiles), and application strategies for COVID-19 intervention. In light of their advantages, this review is intended to acknowledge the potential of natural products as COVID-19 therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Vunjia Tiong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chitlaa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Mali A, Franci G, Zannella C, Chianese A, Anthiya S, López-Estévez AM, Monti A, De Filippis A, Doti N, Alonso MJ, Galdiero M. Antiviral Peptides Delivered by Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles to Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1621. [PMID: 37376070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that there is a crucial need for the design and development of antiviral agents that can efficiently reduce the fatality rate caused by infectious diseases. The fact that coronavirus mainly enters through the nasal epithelial cells and spreads through the nasal passage makes the nasal delivery of antiviral agents a promising strategy not only to reduce viral infection but also its transmission. Peptides are emerging as powerful candidates for antiviral treatments, showing not only a strong antiviral activity, but also improved safety, efficacy, and higher specificity against viral pathogens. Based on our previous experience on the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles to deliver peptides intra-nasally the current study aimed to explore the delivery of two-novel antiviral peptides making use of nanoparticles consisting of HA/CS and DS/CS. The antiviral peptides were chemically synthesized, and the optimal conditions for encapsulating them were selected through a combination of physical entrapment and chemical conjugation using HA/CS and DS/CS nanocomplexes. Finally, we evaluated the in vitro neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 for potential use as prophylaxis or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Mali
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Shubaash Anthiya
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana M López-Estévez
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
- CIRPEB, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
- CIRPEB, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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11
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Zannella C, Chianese A, Annunziata G, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Stornaiuolo M, Galdiero M. Antiherpetic Activity of Taurisolo ®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1346. [PMID: 37317320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread in the population, causing oral or genital ulcers and, rarely, severe complications such as encephalitis, keratitis, and neonatal herpes. Current available anti-HSV drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds merits additional studies. In recent decades, much scientific effort has been invested in the discovery of new synthetic or natural compounds with promising antiviral properties. In our study, we tested the antiviral potential of a novel polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (named Taurisolo®) consisting of a water polyphenol extract of grape pomace. The evaluation of the antiviral activity was carried out by using HSV-1 and HSV-2 in plaque assay experiments to understand the mechanism of action of the extract. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope. Taurisolo® was able to block the viral infection by acting on cells when added together with the virus and also when the virus was pretreated with the extract, demonstrating an inhibitory activity directed to the early phases of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Altogether, these data evidence for the first time the potential use of Taurisolo® as a topical formulation for both preventing and healing herpes lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Saadaoui N, Mathlouthi A, Zaiter A, El-Bok S, Mokni M, Harbi M, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Dicko A, Ben-Attia M. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potential and protective effect of leaves extract of tunisian Vitis vinifera autochthonous accessions against acute CCl 4-injured hepatotoxicity in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16377. [PMID: 37305495 PMCID: PMC10256920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera leaves (VVL) are agro-industrial waste. In the current study, the phytochemical profile of V. vinifera leaves extracts (VVLE) of two Tunisian autochthonous accessions was determined via LC-UV-ESI/MS, and their antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties were also assessed. Mice were pretreated orally with VVLE (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg) for 7 days, and then received acutely and by i.p. a solution CCl4 at 12% in sunflower oil (v/v). Serum levels of hepatic markers, oxidative stress indicators in liver tissue and histological changes were assessed. LC-UV-ESI/MS analysis revealed four phenolic compounds identified in both extracts with quercetin-3-O-glucuronide being the dominant constituent (23.32 ± 1.06 vs. 10.24 ± 0.12 mg/g DM, p < 0.05 for wild and cultivated accessions, respectively). The Antioxidant activity revealed a significant difference between the genotypes. Moreover, the VVLE of the wild "Nefza-I" ecotype was the most active based on antioxidant assays. Furthermore, the results showed that pre-treatment, especially with VVLE, of the wild ecotype "Nefza-I", attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver injury in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the decrease in the activities of hepatic serum function markers. This was also evidenced by a decrease in the levels of lipoperoxidation and histological damage in the liver, as well as a restoration of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and catalase) and an increase in the hepatic glutathione content. Our results demonstrate that VVLE possesses protective effects on CCl4-induced liver injury. Overall, the wild ecotype "Nefza-I" extract could serve as an effective protector against CCl4-induced hepatocellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Saadaoui
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Department of Life Sciences, Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mathlouthi
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Department of Life Sciences, Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ali Zaiter
- Institut de Chimie Physique et Matériaux (ICPM), Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Safia El-Bok
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse University, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Harbi
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, INRAT, Rue Hédi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Néziha Ghanem-Boughanmi
- Risks Related to Environmental Stress Unity (UR17ES20), Department of Life Sciences, Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Amadou Dicko
- Institut de Chimie Physique et Matériaux (ICPM), Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Department of Life Sciences, Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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13
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Kazachinskaia EI, Zibareva LN, Filonenko ES, Ivanova AV, Gadzhieva MM, Bekshokov KK, Kononova YV, Chepurnov AA, Shestopalov AМ. Investigation of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of <i>Silene</i> spp. (<i>Caryophyllaceae</i>) and <i>Serratula cupuliformis</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. SOUTH OF RUSSIA: ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2023-1-62-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene [Caryophylaceae] and Serratula cupuliformis [Asteraceae) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2.Material and Methods. Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis of the Siberian Botanical Garden of National Research Tomsk State University were used. Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. Analysis of BAS was carried out by the HPLC method. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts on SARS-CoV-2 replication was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation [neutralization) of virions. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of chaga [Inonotus obliquus, Basidiomycota), spices of cloves [Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae) and root of licorice [Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae).Results. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp., as well as individual compounds [shaftozide and 20-E) was revealed in the range of 50% effective concentrations [EC50) when dissolved in water from 339.85±83.92 pg/ml to 1.59±0.39 pg/ml and when dissolved in DMSO from 119.34±26.34 pg/ml to 2.22±0.57 pg/ml, respectively. The butanol fraction of Serratula cupuliformis was active with EC50=21.74±4.80 and 27.42±6.05 pg/mL. These results for some samples of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis are comparable to the EC50 values of the comparators.Conclusion. The results obtained suggest the presence of biologically active substances in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on virions of SARS-CoV-2 and affect one of the main stages of its "life" cycle - on the attachment to receptors of sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Kazachinskaia
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vector State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology
| | | | | | - A. V. Ivanova
- Vector State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology
| | | | - K. K. Bekshokov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health
| | - Yu. V. Kononova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. A. Chepurnov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Dagestan State University
| | - A. М. Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Dagestan State University
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14
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Basile A, Zannella C, De Marco M, Sanna G, Franci G, Galdiero M, Manzin A, De Laurenzi V, Chetta M, Rosati A, Turco MC, Marzullo L. Spike-mediated viral membrane fusion is inhibited by a specific anti-IFITM2 monoclonal antibody. Antiviral Res 2023; 211:105546. [PMID: 36669656 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The early steps of viral infection involve protein complexes and structural lipid rearrangements which characterize the peculiar strategies of each virus to invade permissive host cells. Members of the human immune-related interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family have been described as inhibitors of the entry of a broad range of viruses into the host cells. Recently, it has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 is able to hijack IFITM2 for efficient infection. Here, we report the characterization of a newly generated specific anti-IFITM2 mAb able to impair Spike-mediated internalization of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells and, consequently, to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects and syncytia formation. Furthermore, the anti-IFITM2 mAb reduced HSVs- and RSV-dependent cytopathic effects, suggesting that the IFITM2-mediated mechanism of host cell invasion might be shared with other viruses besides SARS-CoV-2. These results show the specific role of IFITM2 in mediating viral entry into the host cell and its candidacy as a cell target for antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Basile
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy; FIBROSYS s.r.l., University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- FIBROSYS s.r.l., University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Chetta
- U.O.C. Medical and Laboratory Genetics, A.O.R.N, Cardarelli, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy; FIBROSYS s.r.l., University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy; FIBROSYS s.r.l., University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy; FIBROSYS s.r.l., University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
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15
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Plant Extracts and SARS-CoV-2: Research and Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020386. [PMID: 36836744 PMCID: PMC9965937 DOI: 10.3390/life13020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has brought upon the world an unprecedented challenge. During its acute dissemination, a rush for vaccines started, making the scientific community come together and contribute to the development of efficient therapeutic agents and vaccines. Natural products have been used as sources of individual molecules and extracts capable of inhibiting/neutralizing several microorganisms, including viruses. Natural extracts have shown effective results against the coronavirus family, when first tested in the outbreak of SARS-CoV-1, back in 2002. In this review, the relationship between natural extracts and SARS-CoV is discussed, while also providing insight into misinformation regarding the use of plants as possible therapeutic agents. Studies with plant extracts on coronaviruses are presented, as well as the main inhibition assays and trends for the future regarding the yet unknown long-lasting effects post-infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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16
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Kwon EB, Li W, Kim YS, Kim B, Chung HS, Go Y, Ko HJ, Song JH, Kim YH, Choi CW, Choi JG. Vitisin B inhibits influenza A virus replication by multi-targeting neuraminidase and virus-induced oxidative stress. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:174-191. [PMID: 36815046 PMCID: PMC9939323 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics. Currently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Here, we show that vitisin B (VB) inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which frequently occur during viral infection, increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression, and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response activity. VB decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity, and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK dephosphorylation. In addition, VB reduced body weight loss, increased survival, decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice. Taken together, our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection, complements existing drug limitations targeting viral NA. It modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD, Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy, providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gyeonggi-Do 16229, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
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17
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Singh MP, Singh N, Mishra D, Ehsan S, Chaturvedi VK, Chaudhary A, Singh V, Vamanu E. Computational Approaches to Designing Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2601-2617. [PMID: 37916490 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259795231023193419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 necessitates innovative strategies for the rapid development of effective treatments. Computational methodologies, such as molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and artificial intelligence, have emerged as indispensable tools in the drug discovery process. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these computational approaches and their application in the design of antiviral agents for COVID-19. Starting with an examination of ligand-based and structure-based drug discovery, the review has delved into the intricate ways through which molecular modelling can accelerate the identification of potential therapies. Additionally, the investigation extends to phytochemicals sourced from nature, which have shown promise as potential antiviral agents. Noteworthy compounds, including gallic acid, naringin, hesperidin, Tinospora cordifolia, curcumin, nimbin, azadironic acid, nimbionone, nimbionol, and nimocinol, have exhibited high affinity for COVID-19 Mpro and favourable binding energy profiles compared to current drugs. Although these compounds hold potential, their further validation through in vitro and in vivo experimentation is imperative. Throughout this exploration, the review has emphasized the pivotal role of computational biologists, bioinformaticians, and biotechnologists in driving rapid advancements in clinical research and therapeutic development. By combining state-of-the-art computational techniques with insights from structural and molecular biology, the search for potent antiviral agents has been accelerated. The collaboration between these disciplines holds immense promise in addressing the transmissibility and virulence of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan P Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Saba Ehsan
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vivek K Chaturvedi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anupriya Chaudhary
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Veer Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest 011464, Romania
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18
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Kakhar Umar A, Zothantluanga JH, Luckanagul JA, Limpikirati P, Sriwidodo S. Structure-based computational screening of 470 natural quercetin derivatives for identification of SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitor. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14915. [PMID: 36935912 PMCID: PMC10022500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infecting the respiratory system through a notorious virus known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to viral mutations and the risk of drug resistance, it is crucial to identify new molecules having potential prophylactic or therapeutic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we aimed to identify a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 through virtual screening of a compound library of 470 quercetin derivatives by targeting the main protease-Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7). The study was carried out with computational techniques such as molecular docking simulation studies (MDSS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) techniques. Among the natural derivatives, compound 382 (PubChem CID 65604) showed the best binding affinity to Mpro (-11.1 kcal/mol). Compound 382 interacted with LYS5, TYR126, GLN127, LYS137, ASP289, PHE291, ARG131, SER139, GLU288, and GLU290 of the Mpro protein. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-382 complex showed acceptable stability during the 100 ns MD simulations. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-382 complex also showed an MM-GBSA binding free energy value of -54.0 kcal/mol. The binding affinity, stability, and free energy results for 382 and Mpro were better than those of the native ligand and the standard inhibitors ledipasvir and cobicistat. The conclusion of our study was that compound 382 has the potential to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 Mpro. However, further investigations such as in-vitro assays are recommended to confirm its in-silico potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd. Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa barat, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James H. Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patanachai Limpikirati
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa barat, Indonesia
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19
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Каzachinskaia ЕI, Romanova VD, Ivanоva AV, Chepurnov АА, Murtazalieva ZA, Коnonova YV, Shaulo DN, Romanyuk VV, Shestopalov АМ. Inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of <i>Artemisia</i> spp. on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication <i>in vitro</i>. SOUTH OF RUSSIA: ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-111-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Е. I. Каzachinskaia
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; “Vector” State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
| | - V. D. Romanova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. V. Ivanоva
- “Vector” State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology, Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
| | - А. А. Chepurnov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Yu. V. Коnonova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - D. N. Shaulo
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - А. М. Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Kudkyal VR, Matsuura I, Hiramatsu H, Hayashi K, Kawahara T. Phenol Derivatives Obtained from Grape Seed Extract Show Virucidal Activity against Murine Norovirus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227739. [PMID: 36431850 PMCID: PMC9693041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the most common pathogens known to cause acute gastroenteritis, a condition that can lead to severe illness among immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients and the elderly. To date, no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutic agents have been approved for treating norovirus infections. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the virucidal activity of grape seed extract (GSE), which contains >83% proanthocyanidins, against murine norovirus (MNV), a surrogate for human norovirus. GSE showed virucidal activity against MNV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopic analysis showed viral particle aggregates after treatment of MNV with GSE. MNV treated with 50 µg/mL of GSE for 10 min resulted in the absence of pathogenicity in an animal model of infection, indicating that GSE has irreversible virucidal activity against MNV particles. Thus, GSE may aid in the development of treatments for norovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iori Matsuura
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hiramatsu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Kawahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-56-851-9314
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21
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Diniz LRL, Elshabrawy HA, Souza MTS, Duarte ABS, Madhav N, de Sousa DP. Renoprotective Effects of Luteolin: Therapeutic Potential for COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injuries. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1544. [PMID: 36358895 PMCID: PMC9687696 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly reported in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. Moreover, there was significant positive correlation between COVID-19 deaths and renal disorders in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with underlying comorbidities who required renal replacement therapy. It has suggested that death in COVID-19 patients with AKI is 3-fold higher than in COVID-19 patients without AKI. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated AKI could be attributed to unspecific mechanisms, as well as COVID-19-specific mechanisms such as direct cellular injury, an imbalanced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, pro-inflammatory cytokines elicited by the viral infection and thrombotic events. To date, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 and its associated AKI. Luteolin is a natural compound with multiple pharmacological activities, including anticoronavirus, as well as renoprotective activities against kidney injury induced by sepsis, renal ischemia and diverse nephrotoxic agents. Therefore, in this review, we mechanistically discuss the anti-SARS-CoV-2 and renoprotective activities of luteolin, which highlight its therapeutic potential in COVID-19-AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | | | | | - Nikhil Madhav
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
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22
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Каzachinskaia EI, Chepurnov AA, Shelemba AA, Guseinova SA, Magomedov MG, Коnonova YV, Romanyuk VV, Shestopalov AM. Inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of tea compositions, individual ingredients for their preparation and some plants against replication of Herpes simplex virus type 2 <i>in vitro</i>. SOUTH OF RUSSIA: ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-135-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of tea compositions, plant raw materials and as well as plants from different families against replication of Herpes simplex virus type 2.Material and Methods. The viral strain MS of HSV‐2 was passivated on Vero cell culture. Antiviral (inhibitory) activity of aqueous extracts was studied in vitro according to the classical scheme of neutralization (inactivation) of the virus.Results. For comparison we used control samples of aqueous extracts of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) and grass of Alchemilla vulgaris L. with EC50 equal to 21.36±3.92 and 39.67±8.75 µg/ml (for dry raw materials) versus 103 PFU/ml HSV‐2. As a result the prevailing activity (from 15.25±3.92 to 1.71±0.54 µg/ml) was identified for extracts of tea compositions based on black and green tea, as well as individual ingredients for their composition – black tea, leaves of Mentha piperita L., flowers of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and clove spices (Syzygium aromaticum L.). Extracts obtained from plants that are not part of tea compositions of interest are fermented leaves of Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae) and grass of two species Euphorbia (E. pilosa L. and E. esula L., Euphorbiaceae) with inhibitory activity at concentrations of 10.675±1.96; 2.29±0.57 and 1.71±0.54 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion. The results presented can become the basis for the search for individual biologically active substances of plant origin that inhibit HSV‐2 replication as well as for the development of effective medicines in the form of tea beverages and/or formulations for topical use to reduce relapses of chronic herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Каzachinskaia
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. A. Chepurnov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. A. Shelemba
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | - Yu. V. Коnonova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - A. M. Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Hajibeygi R, Mirghazanfari SM, Pahlavani N, Jalil AT, Alshahrani SH, Rizaev JA, Hadi S, Hadi V, Yekta NH. Effect of a diet based on Iranian traditional medicine on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2022; 55:102179. [PMID: 36035633 PMCID: PMC9391229 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 causes severe acute respiratory syndrome prompting worldwide demand for new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure caused by this life-threatening virus. This study aimed to help develop a new Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) -based drug and assess its efficacy and safety in COVID-19 patients with major symptoms. Methods In February 2022, a randomized clinical trial was conducted among 160 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Emam Reza (AJA) Hospital in Tehran, Iran. During their hospitalization, the intervention group received a treatment protocol approved by Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), consisting of an Iranian regimen, Ficus carica; Vitis vinifera, Safflower, Cicer arietinum, Descurainiasophia seeds, Ziziphus jujuba, chicken soup, barley soup, rose water, saffron, and cinnamon spices. All patients were compared in terms of demographics, clinical, and laboratory variables. Results One hundred and sixty COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: intervention and control. In baseline characteristics, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). Using SPSS software version 22, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in four symptoms: myalgia, weakness, headache, and cough (p<0.05). During the 5-day treatment period, the control group had significantly lower C-reactive protein (p<0.05). Conclusion While more research with a larger sample size is needed, the proposed combination appears to be effective in the treatment of symptoms as well as inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein in COVID-19 patients. Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) IRCT20220227054140N1.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- C-reactive protein, CRP
- COVID-19, Traditional Persian Medicine, Ficus carica
- Cicer arietinum
- Fatigue Assessment Scale, FAS
- Intensive care unit, ICU
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, MOHME
- Polymerase chain reaction, PCR
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- Superoxide dismutase, SOD
- Traditional Persian Medicine, TPM
- Visual analog scale, VAS
- Vitis vinifera
- alanine aminotransferase, ALT
- aspartate aminotransferase, AST
- blood urea nitrogen, BUN
- creatinine, Cr
- hemoglobin, HB
- lactate dehydrogenase, LDH
- red blood cells, RBC
- white blood cells, WBC
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Hosseini Yekta
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Cometa S, Zannella C, Busto F, De Filippis A, Franci G, Galdiero M, De Giglio E. Natural Formulations Based on Olea europaea L. Fruit Extract for the Topical Treatment of HSV-1 Infections. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134273. [PMID: 35807518 PMCID: PMC9268399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a hydroxytyrosol-rich Olea europaea L. fruit extract (OFE) was added to three thoroughly green formulations—hydrogel, oleogel, and cream—in order to evaluate their antiviral activity against HSV-1. The extract was characterized by different analytical techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XPS, and TGA. HPLC analyses were carried out to monitor the content and release of hydroxytyrosol in the prepared formulations. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated through Folin–Ciocâlteu’s reagent, DPPH, and ABTS assays. The ability of the three formulations to convey active principles to the skin was evaluated using a Franz cell, showing that the number of permeated polyphenols in the hydrogel (272.1 ± 1.8 GAE/g) was significantly higher than those in the oleogel and cream (174 ± 10 and 179.6 ± 2 GAE/g, respectively), even if a negligible amount of hydroxytyrosol crossed the membrane for all the formulations. The cell viability assay indicated that the OFE and the three formulations were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The antiviral activity tests highlighted that the OFE had a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL, interfering directly with the viral particles. Among the three formulations, the hydrogel exhibited the highest antiviral activity also against the acyclovir-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Busto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (E.D.G.)
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25
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Rathod NB, Elabed N, Özogul F, Regenstein JM, Galanakis CM, Aljaloud SO, Ibrahim SA. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Seafood Safety and Human Health. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875164. [PMID: 35814679 PMCID: PMC9257084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused several negative impacts on global human health and the world’s economy. Food and seafood safety and security were among the principal challenges and causes of concern for the food industry and consumers during the spread of this global pandemic. This article focused on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on potential safety issues with seafood products and their processing methods. Moreover, the potential impacts of coronavirus transmission through seafood on human health were evaluated. The role of authenticity, traceability, and antimicrobials from natural sources to preserve seafood and the possible interaction of functional foods on the human immune system are also discussed. Although seafood is not considered a principal vector of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the possible infections through contaminated surfaces of such food products cannot be neglected. The positive effects of seafood consumption on possible immunity built up, and COVID-19 are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post-graduate Institute of Post-harvest Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Raigad, India
| | - Nariman Elabed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Fatih Özogul,
| | - Joe M. Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Charis M. Galanakis
- Research and Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, Chania, Greece
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sulaiman Omar Aljaloud
- College of Sports Science and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, 171 Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Salam A. Ibrahim,
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Pascual G, López MD, Vargas M, Aranda M, Cañumir JA. Next Generation Ingredients Based on Winemaking By-Products and an Approaching to Antiviral Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111604. [PMID: 35681354 PMCID: PMC9180464 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of waste and use of winemaking by-products plays an important role in the development of new ingredients, especially with antiviral properties. Although the richness of bioactive compounds from wine waste is known, less is known about potential antiviral action. Bioactive compounds and health-enhancing effects of winery by-products make them potential candidates for use in antiviral ingredients. The design of new formulations by using nano-microencapsulation techniques will be necessary to successfully control diseases produced by viruses. Outcomes about the use of winery by-products, bioactive compounds found in winery wastes, green extraction techniques to concentrate these compounds, and development of formulations to obtain new ingredients were extracted from research around the world to be discussed and updated in this manuscript. The evidence collected in this review aims to encourage transfer of in vitro and in vivo knowledge to a new step for the development of antiviral and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Pascual
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez #595, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.D.L.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Dolores López
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez #595, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.D.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Marisol Vargas
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez #595, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.D.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fármacos y Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Juan Antonio Cañumir
- Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Agroindustría, Facultad de Ingenería Agrícola, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez #595, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
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27
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Morris JB, Tonnis BD, Wang ML, Bhattarai U. Genetic Diversity for Quercetin, Myricetin, Cyanidin, and Delphinidin Concentrations in 38 Blackeye Pea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes for Potential Use as a Functional Health Vegetable. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:673-688. [PMID: 35615864 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2077881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blackeye peas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) are mainly used as a vegetable throughout the world, however they may contain significant concentrations of quercetin, myricetin, cyanidin, and delphinidin for potential use as a functional vegetable. Thirty-eight blackeye pea genotypes were selected from the core collection in the USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit's cold storage at 4 °C during 2016. Information regarding concentrations of quercetin, myricetin, cyanidin, delphindin, and correlations among these as well as additional seed traits including seed coat color, seed pattern color, seed pattern, seed texture, and years in storage would add value to the blackeye pea genotypes for use as a functional vegetable. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the red seeded accession originating from Mozambique, PI 367927 produced the highest quercetin (469.53 µg/g) and myricetin (212.23 µg/g) concentrations. The black seeded genotype, PI 353236, originating from India, produced the highest cyanidin (1,388.82 µg/g) concentration. However, PI 353236 and the brown seeded genotype, PI 353352 from India produced the highest concentrations of delphinidin (1,343.27 and 1,353.94 µg/g), respectively. Several correlations were observed and interestingly only delphinidin showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.293*) with years in cold storage indicating that delphinidin declined in the seeds stored the longest (from 4-45 years) at 4 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained how the flavonols, anthocyanidins, and the additional seed traits contributed to the variation of the blackeye pea genotypes. The cluster analysis showed six clusters representing low to high phytochemical concentrations. The genetic parameters including σ2g, σ2p, GCV, PCV, h2h, and GG indicate that improvement in these phytochemical traits is possible through selection. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations showed that improving one phytochemical significantly improved the other except for cyanidin with delphinidin. These results can be used by scientists to develop blackeye pea cultivars with high flavonol and anthocyanidin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bradley Morris
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Brandon D Tonnis
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Ming Li Wang
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, USA
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Antiviral phytocompounds “ellagic acid” and “(+)-sesamin” of Bridelia retusa identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro using extensive molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation studies, binding free energy calculations, and bioactivity prediction. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1445-1465. [PMID: 35571865 PMCID: PMC9086128 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected billions and has killed millions to date. Studies are being carried out to find therapeutic molecules that can potentially inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro) involved in the polyprotein cleavage process is believed to be the key target for viral replication, and hence is an attractive target for the discovery of antiviral molecules. In the present study, we aimed to identify natural phytocompounds from Bridelia retusa as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro (PDB ID: 6M2N) using in silico techniques. Molecular docking studies conducted with three different tools in triplicates revealed that ellagic acid (BR6) and (+)-sesamin (BR13) has better binding affinity than the co-crystal inhibitor “3WL” of 6M2N. BR6 and BR13 were found to have a high LD50 value with good bioavailability. 3WL, BR6, and BR13 bind to the same active binding site and interacted with the HIS41-CYS145 catalytic dyad including other crucial amino acids. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed stability of protein–ligand complexes as evidenced from root-mean-square deviations, root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF), protein secondary structure elements, ligand-RMSF, protein–ligand contacts, ligand torsions, and ligand properties. BR6 (−22.3064 kcal/mol) and BR13 (−19.1274 kcal/mol) showed a low binding free energy value. The Bayesian statistical model revealed BR6 and BR13 as better protease inhibitors than 3WL. Moreover, BR6 and BR13 had already been reported to elicit antiviral activities. Therefore, we conclude that ellagic acid and (+)-sesamin as natural antiviral phytocompounds with inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro.
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Zothantluanga JH, Abdalla M, Rudrapal M, Tian Q, Chetia D, Li J. Computational Investigations for Identification of Bioactive Molecules from Baccaurea ramiflora and Bergenia ciliata as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M pro. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2046613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Senile Neurology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, PR China
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Cao J, Liu Y, Zhou M, Dong S, Hou Y, Jia X, Lan X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Xiao G, Wang W. Screening of Botanical Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Entry Reveals Novel Therapeutic Agents to Treat COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020353. [PMID: 35215943 PMCID: PMC8877376 DOI: 10.3390/v14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An escalating pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has severely impacted global health. There is a severe lack of specific treatment options for diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used a pseudotype virus (pv) containing the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein to screen a botanical drug library containing 1037 botanical drugs to identify agents that prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell. Our study identified four hits, including angeloylgomisin O, schisandrin B, procyanidin, and oleanonic acid, as effective SARS-CoV-2 S pv entry inhibitors in the micromolar range. A mechanistic study revealed that these four agents inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S pv entry by blocking spike (S) protein-mediated membrane fusion. Furthermore, angeloylgomisin O and schisandrin B inhibited authentic SARS-CoV-2 with a high selective index (SI; 50% cytotoxic concentration/50% inhibition concentration). Our drug combination studies performed in cellular antiviral assays revealed that angeloylgomisin O has synergistic effects in combination with remdesivir, a drug widely used to treat SARS-CoV-2-mediated infections. We also showed that two hits could inhibit the newly emerged alpha (B.1.1.7) and beta (B.1.351) variants. Our findings collectively indicate that angeloylgomisin O and schisandrin B could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 efficiently, thereby making them potential therapeutic agents to treat the coronavirus disease of 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
| | - Minmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohao Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.D.); (Y.H.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (G.X.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-87198232
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Phytocompounds as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro through computational studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3456-3465. [PMID: 35233172 PMCID: PMC8873046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Promising Antiviral Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Phytochemicals against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121313. [PMID: 34959713 PMCID: PMC8709118 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has focused the entire world’s attention toward searching for a potential remedy for this disease. Thus, we investigated the antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract (APEE) against SARS-CoV-2 and it exhibited a potent antiviral activity with IC50 of 1.1 ± 0.03 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action was elucidated, and it exhibited a virucidal activity and an inhibition of viral adsorption. Moreover, it presented an immunomodulatory activity as it decreased the upregulation of gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical fingerprint of APEE was conducted using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique for the first time. We detected 81 compounds and most of them belong to the flavonoid and coumarin classes. Interestingly, isoflavonoids, procyanidins, and anthocyanins were detected for the first time in A. pilosa. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evidenced in DPPH (IC50 62.80 µg/mL) and ABTS (201.49 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg) radical scavenging, FRAP (60.84 mg TE/mg), and ORAC (306.54 mg TE/g) assays. Furthermore, the protective effect of APEE was investigated in Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Lung W/D ratio, serum IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, HO-1, Caspase-1, caspase-3, TLR-4 expression, TAC, NO, MPO activity, and histopathological examination of lung tissues were assessed. APEE induced a marked downregulation in all inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis markers, and TLR-4 expression. In addition, it alleviated all histopathological abnormalities confirming the beneficial effects of APEE in ALI. Therefore, APEE could be a potential source for therapeutic compounds that could be investigated, in future preclinical and clinical trials, in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Giugliano R, Buonocore C, Zannella C, Chianese A, Palma Esposito F, Tedesco P, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, Franci G, de Pascale D. Antiviral Activity of the Rhamnolipids Mixture from the Antarctic Bacterium Pseudomonas gessardii M15 against Herpes Simplex Viruses and Coronaviruses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122121. [PMID: 34959400 PMCID: PMC8704987 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses represent a serious threat to human health at a global level. In particular, enveloped viruses are one of the main causes of viral outbreaks, as recently demonstrated by SARS-CoV-2. An effective strategy to counteract these viruses could be to target the envelope by using surface-active compounds. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are microbial biosurfactants displaying a wide range of bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm, among others. Being of microbial origin, they are environmentally-friendly, biodegradable, and less toxic than synthetic surfactants. In this work, we explored the antiviral activity of the rhamnolipids mixture (M15RL) produced by the Antarctic bacteria Pseudomonas gessardii M15 against viruses belonging to Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae families. In addition, we investigated the rhamnolipids’ mode of action and the possibility of inactivating viruses on treated surfaces. Our results show complete inactivation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 by M15RLs at 6 µg/mL, and of HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 at 25 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Concerning activity against HCoV-OC43, 80% inhibition of cytopathic effect was recorded, while no activity against naked Poliovirus Type 1 (PV-1) was detectable, suggesting that the antiviral action is mainly directed towards the envelope. In conclusion, we report a significant activity of M15RL against enveloped viruses and demonstrated for the first time the antiviral effect of rhamnolipids against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Giugliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Carmine Buonocore
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Pietro Tedesco
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.E.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (D.d.P.)
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Zannella C, Rinaldi L, Boccia G, Chianese A, Sasso FC, De Caro F, Franci G, Galdiero M. Regulation of m6A Methylation as a New Therapeutic Option against COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111135. [PMID: 34832917 PMCID: PMC8625908 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting pandemic has led to a spasmodic search for approaches able to limit the diffusion of the disease. The epigenetic machinery has aroused considerable interest in the last decades, and much evidence has demonstrated that this type of modification could regulate the early stages of viral infection. Recently it was reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) influences SARS-CoV-2 replication, although its role remains to be further investigated. The knockdown of enzymes involved in the m6A pathway could represent an optimal strategy to deepen the epigenetic mechanism. In the present study, we blocked the catalytic activity of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) by using the selective inhibitor rhein. We observed a strong broad-spectrum reduction of infectivity caused by various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. This effect could be due to the modulation of m6A levels and could allow identification of this modification as a new therapeutic target to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.R.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.R.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
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Stan D, Enciu AM, Mateescu AL, Ion AC, Brezeanu AC, Stan D, Tanase C. Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723233. [PMID: 34552489 PMCID: PMC8450524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of life-threatening bacterial, fungal and viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compunds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable compounds for this task are usually derived from natural sources (animal, plant or even microbial). In this review article, the latest and most promising natural compounds used to combat bacteria, filamentous fungi and viruses are presented and evaluated. These include plant extracts, essential oils, small antimicrobial peptides of animal origin, bacteriocins and various groups of plant compounds (triterpenoids; alkaloids; phenols; flavonoids) with antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Data are presented on the inhibitory activity of each natural antimicrobial substance and on the putative mechanism of action against bacterial and fungal strains. The results show that among the bioactive compounds studied, triterpenoids have significant inhibitory activity against coronaviruses, but flavonoids have also been shown to inhibit SARS-COV-2. The last chapter is devoted to nanocarriers used to improve stability, bioavailability, cellular uptake/internalization, pharmacokinetic profile and reduce toxicity of natural compunds. There are a number of nanocarriers such as liposomes, drug delivery microemulsion systems, nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, etc. However, some of the recent studies have focused on the incorporation of natural substances with antimicrobial/antiviral activity into polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes and silver nanoparticles (which have been shown to have intrinsic antimicrobial activity). The natural antimicrobials isolated from animals and microorganisms have been shown to have good inhibitory effect on a range of pathogens, however the plants remain the most prolific source. Even if the majority of the studies for the biological activity evaluation are in silico or in vitro, their internalization in the optimum nanocarriers represents the future of “green therapeutics” as shown by some of the recent work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Stan
- DDS Diagnostic, Bucharest, Romania.,Titu Maiorescu University, PhD Medical School, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Ariana Cristina Brezeanu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy-Department of Plastic Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Bucharest, Romania.,Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Combining OSMAC Approach and Untargeted Metabolomics for the Identification of New Glycolipids with Potent Antiviral Activity Produced by a Marine Rhodococcus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169055. [PMID: 34445761 PMCID: PMC8396431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products of microbial origin have inspired most of the commercial pharmaceuticals, especially those from Actinobacteria. However, the redundancy of molecules in the discovery process represents a serious issue. The untargeted approach, One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC), is one of the most promising strategies to induce the expression of silent genes, especially when combined with genome mining and advanced metabolomics analysis. In this work, the whole genome of the marine isolate Rhodococcus sp. I2R was sequenced and analyzed by antiSMASH for the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters. The strain was cultivated in 22 different growth media and the generated extracts were subjected to metabolomic analysis and functional screening. Notably, only a single growth condition induced the production of unique compounds, which were partially purified and structurally characterized by liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). This strategy led to identifying a bioactive fraction containing >30 new glycolipids holding unusual functional groups. The active fraction showed a potent antiviral effect against enveloped viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and human coronaviruses, and high antiproliferative activity in PC3 prostate cancer cell line. The identified compounds belong to the biosurfactants class, amphiphilic molecules, which play a crucial role in the biotech and biomedical industry.
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Zothantluanga JH, Gogoi N, Shakya A, Chetia D, Lalthanzara H. Computational guided identification of potential leads from Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. as inhibitors for cellular entry and viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:201. [PMID: 34660817 PMCID: PMC8502097 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in 2019 and is still an on-going pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 uses a human protease called furin to aid in cellular entry and its main protease (Mpro) to achieve viral replication. By targeting these proteins, scientists are trying to identify phytoconstituents of medicinal plants as potential therapeutics for COVID-19. Therefore, our study was aimed to identify promising leads as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and furin using the phytocompounds reported to be isolated from Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. RESULTS A total of 29 phytocompounds were reported to be isolated from A. pennata. Molecular docking simulation studies revealed 9 phytocompounds as having the top 5 binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and furin. Among these phytocompounds, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C_18), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (C_4), and isovitexin (C_5) have the highest drug score. However, C_18 and C_4 were not selected for further studies due to bioavailability issues and low synthetic accessibility. Based on binding affinity, molecular properties, drug-likeness, toxicity parameters, ligand interactions, bioavailability, synthetic accessibility, structure-activity relationship, and comparative analysis of our experimental findings with other studies, C_5 was identified as the most promising phytocompound. C_5 interacted with the active site residues of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (GLU166, ARG188, GLN189) and furin (ASN295, ARG298, HIS364, THR365). Many phytocompounds that interacted with these amino acid residues were reported by other studies as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and furin. The oxygen atom at position 18, the -OH group at position 19, and the 6-C-glucoside were identified as the pharmacophores in isovitexin (also known as apigenin-6-C-glucoside). Other in-silico studies reported apigenin as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and apigenin-o-7-glucuronide was reported to show stable conformation during MD simulations with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. CONCLUSION The present study found isovitexin as the most promising phytocompound to potentially inhibit the cellular entry and viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. We also conclude that compounds having oxygen atom at position 18 (C-ring), -OH group at position 19 (A-ring), and 6-C-glucoside attached to the A-ring at position 3 on a C6-C3-C6 flavonoid scaffold could offer the best alternative to develop new leads against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Zothantluanga
- grid.412023.60000 0001 0674 667XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Neelutpal Gogoi
- grid.412023.60000 0001 0674 667XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- grid.412023.60000 0001 0674 667XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Dipak Chetia
- grid.412023.60000 0001 0674 667XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - H. Lalthanzara
- grid.411813.e0000 0000 9217 3865Department of Zoology, Pachhunga Univeristy College, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001 India
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