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Guo Z, Zhu M, Li X, Xu H, Lv Y. Primary goose kidney tubular epithelial cells for goose astrovirus genotype 2 infection: establishment and RNA sequencing analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103774. [PMID: 38669820 PMCID: PMC11063644 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GAstV-2) mainly causes gout in goslings; therefore, it is a major pathogen threatening to goose flocks. However, the mechanisms underlying host-GAstV-2 interactions remain unclear because host cells suitable for GAstV-2 replication have been unavailable. We previously noted that GAstV-2 is primarily located in goose renal epithelial cells, where it causes kidney damage. Therefore, here, we derived goose primary renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells (GRTE cells) from the kidneys of goose embryos after collagenase I digestion. After culture in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Nutrient mixture F-12 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the isolated cells had polygonal with roadstone-like morphology; they were identified to be epithelial cells based on the presence of cytokeratin 18 expression detected through immunofluorescence assay (IFA). GAstV-2 infection in GRTE cells led to no obvious cytopathic effects; the maximum amounts of infectious virions were observed 48 h post infection through IFA and quantitative PCR. Next, RNA-seq was performed to identify and map post-GAstV-2 infection differentially expressed genes. The downregulated pathways were mainly related to metabolism, including tryptophan metabolism, drug metabolism by cytochrome P450, xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, butanoate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and drug metabolism by other enzymes and peroxisome. In contrast, the upregulated pathways were mostly related to the host cell defense and proliferation, including extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, phagosome, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection, lysosome, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. In conclusion, we developed a GRTE cell line for GAstV-2 replication and analyzed the potential host-GAstV-2 interactions through RNA-seq; our results may aid in further investigating the pathogenic mechanisms underlying GAstV-2 infection and provide strategies for its prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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2
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Yang M, Ma L, Su R, Guo R, Zhou N, Liu M, Wu J, Wang Y, Hao Y. The Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Attenuates the Pattern Recognition Receptor Pathway Activation Induced by Influenza A Virus in Macrophages. Viruses 2023; 15:1524. [PMID: 37515209 PMCID: PMC10384909 DOI: 10.3390/v15071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual strategy of inhibiting the viral life cycle and reducing the host inflammatory response should be considered in the development of therapeutic drugs for influenza A virus (IAV). In this study, an extract of Scutellaria baicalinase (SBE) containing seven flavonoids was identified to exert both antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages infected with IAV. We performed transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing and identified 315 genes whose transcription levels were increased after IAV infection but were able to be decreased after SBE intervention. Combined with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, these genes were mainly involved in TLR3/7/8, RIG-I/MDA5, NLRP3 and cGAS pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated signaling pathways. SBE inhibited the transcription of essential genes in the above pathways and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 as confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively, indicating that SBE reversed PR8-induced over-activation of the PRR signaling pathway and inflammation in macrophages. This study provides an experimental basis for applying Scutellaria baicalensis and its main effects in the clinical treatment of viral pneumonia. It also provides novel targets for screening and developing novel drugs to prevent and treat IAV infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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3
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Yin Y, Liu Y, Fen J, Liu K, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. Characterization of an H7N9 Influenza Virus Isolated from Camels in Inner Mongolia, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179822. [PMID: 36809036 PMCID: PMC10100662 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01798-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The H7N9 subtype of influenza virus can infect birds and humans, causing great losses in the poultry industry and threatening public health worldwide. However, H7N9 infection in other mammals has not been reported yet. In the present study, one H7N9 subtype influenza virus, A/camel/Inner Mongolia/XL/2020 (XL), was isolated from the nasal swabs of camels in Inner Mongolia, China, in 2020. Sequence analyses revealed that the hemagglutinin cleavage site of the XL virus was ELPKGR/GLF, which is a low-pathogenicity molecular characteristic. The XL virus had similar mammalian adaptations to human-originated H7N9 viruses, such as the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) Glu-to-Lys mutation at position 627 (E627K) mutation, but differed from avian-originated H7N9 viruses. The XL virus showed a higher SA-α2,6-Gal receptor-binding affinity and better mammalian cell replication than the avian H7N9 virus. Moreover, the XL virus had weak pathogenicity in chickens, with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.01, and intermediate virulence in mice, with a median lethal dose of 4.8. The XL virus replicated well and caused clear infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of mice. Our data constitute the first evidence that the low-pathogenicity H7N9 influenza virus can infect camels and therefore poses a high risk to public health. IMPORTANCE H5 subtype avian influenza viruses can cause serious diseases in poultry and wild birds. On rare occasions, viruses can cause cross-species transmission to mammalian species, including humans, pigs, horses, canines, seals, and minks. The H7N9 subtype of the influenza virus can also infect both birds and humans. However, viral infection in other mammalian species has not been reported yet. In this study, we found that the H7N9 virus could infect camels. Notably, the H7N9 virus from camels had mammalian adaption molecular markers, including altered receptor-binding activity on the hemagglutinin protein and an E627K mutation on the polymerase basic protein 2 protein. Our findings indicated that the potential risk of camel-origin H7N9 virus to public health is of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Fen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Leibel SL, McVicar RN, Murad R, Kwong EM, Clark AE, Alvarado A, Grimmig BA, Nuryyev R, Young RE, Lee JC, Peng W, Zhu YP, Griffis E, Nowell CJ, Liu K, James B, Alarcon S, Malhotra A, Gearing LJ, Hertzog PJ, Galapate CM, Galenkamp KM, Commisso C, Smith DM, Sun X, Carlin AF, Croker BA, Snyder EY. The lung employs an intrinsic surfactant-mediated inflammatory response for viral defense. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525578. [PMID: 36747824 PMCID: PMC9900938 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that resembles surfactant deficient RDS. Using a novel multi-cell type, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived lung organoid (LO) system, validated against primary lung cells, we found that inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and interferon (IFN) responses are dynamically regulated autonomously within the lung following SARS-CoV-2 infection, an intrinsic defense mechanism mediated by surfactant proteins (SP). Single cell RNA sequencing revealed broad infectability of most lung cell types through canonical (ACE2) and non-canonical (endocytotic) viral entry routes. SARS-CoV-2 triggers rapid apoptosis, impairing viral dissemination. In the absence of surfactant protein B (SP-B), resistance to infection was impaired and cytokine/chemokine production and IFN responses were modulated. Exogenous surfactant, recombinant SP-B, or genomic correction of the SP-B deletion restored resistance to SARS-CoV-2 and improved viability.
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Miao X, Liu L, Liu L, Hu G, Wu G, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Li X. Regulation of mRNA and miRNA in the response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in chicken cecum. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:437. [PMID: 36514049 PMCID: PMC9749161 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica, serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a food-borne pathogen, which can cause great threat to human health through consumption of the contaminated poultry products. Chicken is the main host of SE. The mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were analyzed on cecum of Shouguang chicken via next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. The treated group was inoculated SE, and the control group was inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). RESULTS There were 1760 differentially expressed mRNAs in the SE-infected group, of which 1046 were up-regulated mRNA, and 714 were down-regulated mRNA. In addition, a total of 821 miRNAs were identified, and 174 miRNAs were differentially expressed, of which 100 were up-regulated and 74 were down-regulated. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed mRNAs was similar to miRNA target genes. The functional analysis results of differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were performed. Immune-related processes and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were enriched by up-regulated mRNA. The down-regulated mRNAs were enriched in tissue development and metabolic-related KEGG pathways. The functional analysis of up-regulated miRNA target genes was similar to the down-regulated mRNAs. The down-regulated miRNA target genes were enriched in metabolic-related GO (Gene Ontology) -BP (Biological process) terms and KEGG pathways. The overlap of the up-regulated mRNA and the up-regulated miRNA target genes (class I) was 325, and the overlap of the down-regulated miRNA target genes (class II) was 169. The class I enriched in the immune-related GO-BP terms and KEGG pathways. The class II mainly enriched in metabolic-related GO-BP terms and KEGG pathways. Then we detected the expression of mRNA and miRNA through qRT-PCR. The results shown that the expression of HHIP, PGM1, HTR2B, ITGB5, RELN, SFRP1, TCF7L2, SCNN1A, NEK7, miR-20b-5p, miR-1662, miR-15a, miR-16-1-3p was significantly different between two groups. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the relationship between miR-20b-5p and SCNN1A. The result indicated that miR-20b-5p regulate immune or metabolic responses after SE infection in Shouguang chickens by directly targeting SCNN1A. CONCLUSIONS The findings here contribute to the further analysis of the mechanism of mRNA and miRNA defense against SE infection, and provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular disease-resistant breeding of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Miao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Lewen Liu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Liying Liu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Geng Hu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Guixian Wu
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jingchao Yang
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, 250010 China
| | - Xianyao Li
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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6
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Wuliangye Baijiu but not ethanol reduces cardiovascular disease risks in a zebrafish thrombosis model. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:55. [PMID: 36470888 PMCID: PMC9723178 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how Baijiu facilitates blood circulation and prevents blood stasis is crucial for revealing the mechanism of Baijiu for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Here we established a zebrafish thrombosis model induced using arachidonic acid (AA) to quantitatively evaluate the antithrombotic effect of Wuliangye Baijiu. The prevention and reduction effects of aspirin, Wuliangye, and ethanol on thrombosis were compared using imaging and molecular characterization. Wuliangye Baijiu reduces thrombotic risks and oxidative stress in the AA-treated zebrafish, while ethanol with the same concentration has no similar effect. The prevention and reduction effects of Wuliangye on thrombosis are attributed to the change in the metabolic and signaling pathways related to platelet aggregation and adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Geng J, Hu X, Zhang Z, Gu Z, Li Y, Mou X, Mao L, Ge Y, Yang X, Song Y, Liu H, Wang L, Wei Z, Wang Z, Xu H. Discovery and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the novel butene lactone derivative M355 against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4393-4405. [PMID: 35560068 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new series of butene lactone derivatives were designed according to an influenza neuraminidase target and their antiviral activities against H1N1 infection of MDCK cells were evaluated. Among them, a compound that was given the name M355 was identified as the most potent against H1N1 (EC50 = 14.7 μM) with low toxicity (CC50 = 538.13 μM). It also visibly reduced the virus-induced cytopathic effect. Time-of-addition analysis indicated that H1N1 was mostly suppressed by M355 at the late stage of its infectious cycle. M355 inhibited neuraminidase in a dose-dependent fashion to a similar extent as oseltamivir, which was also indicated by computer modeling experiment. In a mouse model, lung lesions and virus load were reduced and the expression of nucleoprotein was moderated by M355. The ELISA and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the levels of IFN-γ, IRF-3, TLR-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were down-regulated in the M355-treated groups, whereas the levels of IL-10 and IL-13 were up-regulated. Similarly, IgG was found to be increased in infected mice plasma. These results demonstrate that M355 inhibit the expression of H1N1 in both cellular and animal models. Thus, M355 has the potential to be effective in the treatment of influenza A virus infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Geng
- Zhongyuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450006, China
| | - Xiaoning Hu
- Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongmou Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zichen Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaodong Mou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lu Mao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongzhuang Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yihui Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of molecular biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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