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Tiwari AK, Aggarwal G, Kale P, Yadav N, Kumar V, Singh G, Cheirmaraj K, Krishnan K. Determination of optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU) of new quantitative chemiluminescent immuno-assay (CLIA) in COVID-19 vaccinated volunteer blood donors. Transfus Apher Sci 2024; 63:103937. [PMID: 38678985 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For assessment of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, neutralization activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody is measured. This study was undertaken to determine optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU/ml) in new quantitative chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) that corresponded to neutralizing potential (30% inhibition) of sVNT assay. METHODS Ninety-one blood samples were analyzed by CLIA and sVNT assays. Test samples (n = 75) were collected from blood donors post-2nd vaccination dose, while control samples (n = 16) were archived pre-COVID donor samples. Correlation between CLIA and sVNT was calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and analyzed. RESULTS Results indicated excellent correlation between 57.5 BAU/ml on CLIA and 30%inhibition on sVNT assay. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.971. DISCUSSION The present study determined that 57.5 BAU/ml on CLIA corresponded to 30% inhibition on sVNT assay. Periodic quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India.
| | - Geet Aggarwal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pratibha Kale
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Yadav
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Microbiology College of Life Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - K Cheirmaraj
- Independent Laboratory Consultant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Krishnan
- Laboratory Medicine, Thane West, Mumbai 400606, India
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Malani A, Aiyar J, Sant A, Kamran N, Mohanan M, Taneja S, Woda B, Zhao W, Acharya A. Comparing population-level humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-Cov-2 in Bangalore, India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5758. [PMID: 38459035 PMCID: PMC10923858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Two types of immunity, humoral and cellular, offer protection against COVID. Humoral protection, contributed by circulating neutralizing antibodies, can provide immediate protection but decays more quickly than cellular immunity and can lose effectiveness in the face of mutation and drift in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Therefore, population-level seroprevalence surveys used to estimate population-level immunity may underestimate the degree to which a population is protected against COVID. In early 2021, before India began its vaccination campaign, we tested for humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-Cov-2 in representative samples of slum and non-slum populations in Bangalore, India. We found that 29.7% of samples (unweighted) had IgG antibodies to the spike protein and 15.5% had neutralizing antibodies, but at up to 46% showed evidence of cellular immunity. We also find that prevalence of cellular immunity is significantly higher in slums than in non-slums. These findings suggest (1) that a significantly larger proportion of the population in Bangalore, India, had cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 than had humoral immunity, as measured by serological surveys, and (2) that low socio-economic status communities display higher frequency of cellular immunity, likely because of greater exposure to infection due to population density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Manoj Mohanan
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Saloni Taneja
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bartek Woda
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Amazon, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mario Martin B, Cadavid Restrepo A, Mayfield HJ, Then Paulino C, De St Aubin M, Duke W, Jarolim P, Zielinski Gutiérrez E, Skewes Ramm R, Dumas D, Garnier S, Etienne MC, Peña F, Abdalla G, Lopez B, de la Cruz L, Henríquez B, Baldwin M, Sartorius B, Kucharski A, Nilles EJ, Lau CL. Using Regional Sero-Epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S Antibodies in the Dominican Republic to Inform Targeted Public Health Response. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:493. [PMID: 37999612 PMCID: PMC10675152 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of COVID-19 has been associated with sociodemographic factors. We investigated variations in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at sub-national levels in the Dominican Republic and assessed potential factors influencing variation in regional-level seroprevalence. Data were collected in a three-stage cross-sectional national serosurvey from June to October 2021. Seroprevalence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S) was estimated and adjusted for selection probability, age, and sex. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of covariates on seropositivity for anti-S and correlates of 80% protection (PT80) against symptomatic infection for the ancestral and Delta strains. A total of 6683 participants from 134 clusters in all 10 regions were enrolled. Anti-S, PT80 for the ancestral and Delta strains odds ratio varied across regions, Enriquillo presented significant higher odds for all outcomes compared with Yuma. Compared to being unvaccinated, receiving ≥2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a significantly higher odds of anti-S positivity (OR 85.94, [10.95-674.33]) and PT80 for the ancestral (OR 4.78, [2.15-10.62]) and Delta strains (OR 3.08, [1.57-9.65]) nationally and also for each region. Our results can help inform regional-level public health response, such as strategies to increase vaccination coverage in areas with low population immunity against currently circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mario Martin
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.C.R.); (H.J.M.); (B.S.); (C.L.L.)
| | - Angela Cadavid Restrepo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.C.R.); (H.J.M.); (B.S.); (C.L.L.)
| | - Helen J. Mayfield
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.C.R.); (H.J.M.); (B.S.); (C.L.L.)
| | - Cecilia Then Paulino
- Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic (F.P.)
| | - Micheal De St Aubin
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemics Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - William Duke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pedro Henriquez Urena National University, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic;
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Zielinski Gutiérrez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Regional Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala (B.L.)
| | - Ronald Skewes Ramm
- Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic (F.P.)
| | - Devan Dumas
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemics Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Salome Garnier
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemics Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Farah Peña
- Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic (F.P.)
| | - Gabriela Abdalla
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
| | - Beatriz Lopez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Regional Office, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala (B.L.)
| | - Lucia de la Cruz
- Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic (F.P.)
| | - Bernarda Henríquez
- Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, Santo Domingo 10514, Dominican Republic (F.P.)
| | - Margaret Baldwin
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemics Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Benn Sartorius
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.C.R.); (H.J.M.); (B.S.); (C.L.L.)
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Eric James Nilles
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (G.A.); (E.J.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemics Program, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colleen L. Lau
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (A.C.R.); (H.J.M.); (B.S.); (C.L.L.)
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de Oliveira FDCE, Silva MFS, Fernandes MDCR, Garcia MML, Dinelly Pinto ACM, Severino FG, Alves JSM, Fonseca CAG, de Carvalho Araújo FM, de Andrade LOM, Gambim Fonseca MH. SARS CoV-2 infection among Healthcare Workers from different public health units in Brazil. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:13-19. [PMID: 37717421 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding COVID-19 exposure differences among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) across various healthcare units is crucial for their protection and effective management of future outbreaks. However, comparative data on COVID-19 among HCWs in different healthcare units are scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and workplaces in HCWs from three distinct healthcare settings in Brazil. It also examined COVID-19 symptom dynamics reported by them. The cohort comprised 464 HCWs vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac and a BNT162b2 booster from different institutions: Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs), Emergency Care Units (ECUs), and Hospitals. Participants answered a questionnaire and underwent blood collection at various time points after vaccinations. RT-PCR data and post-vaccination antibody responses were utilized as indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that most infected HCWs worked in ECUs, where positive RT-PCR percentages were higher compared to PHCUs and Hospitals. ECUs also showed the highest seropositivity and antibody levels, especially after the first CoronaVac dose. The second dose of CoronaVac diminished the differences in the antibody levels among HCWs from ECUS, PHCUs, and Hospitals, indicating the benefit of the second dose to equalize the antibody levels between previously exposed and unexposed persons. Moreover, COVID-19 symptoms appeared to evolve over time.
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Kuechler AS, Heger E, Wirtz M, Weinhold S, Uhrberg M, Boege F, Schulze-Bosse K. Ex Vivo Immune Responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1 Following Vaccination with Unmodified mRNA-Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030598. [PMID: 36992182 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons underscores the importance of individualized re-vaccination. PanIg antibodies that act against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified in serum by a routine diagnostic test (ECLIA, Roche) can be used to gauge the individual ex vivo capacity of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. However, that test is not adapted to mutations in the S1/-receptor binding domain, having accumulated in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, it might be unsuited to determine immune-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.1. (2) Method: To address this concern, we re-investigated sera obtained six months after second vaccinations with un-adapted mRNA vaccine Spikevax (Moderna). We related serum levels of panIg against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified by the un-adapted ECLIA with full virus neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1 or SARS-CoV-2 BA5.1. (3) Results: 92% of the sera exhibited sufficient neutralization capacity against the B.1 strain. Only 20% of the sera sufficiently inhibited the BA5.1 strain. Sera inhibiting BA5.1 could not be distinguished from non-inhibiting sera by serum levels of panIg against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified by the un-adapted ECLIA. (4) Conclusion: Quantitative serological tests for an antibody against the S1/-receptor binding domain are unsuited as vaccination companion diagnostics, unless they are regularly adapted to mutations that have accumulated in that domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sabrina Kuechler
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fritz Boege
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Schulze-Bosse
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Performance Evaluation of RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040643. [PMID: 36832131 PMCID: PMC9955181 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of anti-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can aid in the understanding of the development of protective immunity against COVID-19. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test. Using the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) as a reference, 200 serum samples collected from 78 COVID-19-positive and 122 COVID-19-negative patients were divided into 76 PRNT90-positive and 124 PRNT90-negative groups. The ability of the RapiSure test to detect antibodies was compared to that of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and that of PRNT90. The positive, negative, and overall percent agreement between the RapiSure and STANDARD Q test was 95.7%, 89.3%, and 91.5%, respectively, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.82. The RapiSure neutralizing antibody test results revealed a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 100% compared to the PRNT results, with an overall percent agreement of 97.5% and Cohen's kappa of 0.95. The diagnostic performance of the RapiSure test was in good agreement with the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and comparable to that of the PRNT. The RapiSure S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test was found to be convenient and reliable and, thus, can provide valuable information for rapid clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ghani H, Ahmad L, Sharif H, Wong J, Bagol S, Alikhan MF, Taib S, Tan CW, Zhu F, Ong XM, Shim CY, Wang Y, Chan SY, Wei Y, Idris F, Naing L, Wang LF, Cunningham AC. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody in the Bruneian population: Protocol for a national longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067020. [PMID: 36456015 PMCID: PMC9716409 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) have been shown to be correlative of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. We report the protocol for a national longitudinal study to assess and compare the level of NAbs generated in response to COVID-19 vaccines in Brunei Darussalam in adults 2-6 weeks post primary series (BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222, or mRNA-1273 vaccines) and their subsequent follow-up after administration of a third (booster-1) dose (BBIBP-CorV, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participant data will be extracted and processed from the national electronic health record system (Bru-HIMS) and the national mobile health application (BruHealth) into a research data platform. Eligible adults who have received their primary or booster vaccine will be invited using a stratified random sampling strategy based on age, gender and vaccine type (baseline target population, n=3000; 2-6 weeks post last dose). Blood serum will be isolated, and NAb levels assessed using the cPass surrogate virus neutralisation test. Baseline participants will then be screened for eligibility for subsequent longitudinal analysis. Those who have received a third dose will be followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9 and up to 12 months. NAb levels will be evaluated across the participant population according to vaccine platform/booster type, time since the last dose and correlated with demographic data. The study period is from December 2021 to January 2023 and aims to evaluate how NAb levels wane following a third vaccine dose across different vaccine platforms and determine the impact and rate of breakthrough infections. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Medical and Ethical Research Committee of Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam. Individual NAb test results will be shared with each participant by text message. The findings from this study will help policy-makers in Brunei develop future vaccination strategies and establish regulations across multiple agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim Ghani
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Liyana Ahmad
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hanisah Sharif
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Justin Wong
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Saifuddien Bagol
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Surita Taib
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xin Mei Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chin Yee Shim
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Si Yee Chan
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Yuan Wei
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Fazean Idris
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Shim CY, Chan SY, Wei Y, Ghani H, Ahmad L, Sharif H, Alikhan MF, Haji Bagol S, Taib S, Tan CW, Ong XM, Wang LF, Wang Y, Liu AQ, Lim HS, Wong J, Naing L, Cunningham AC. Technology-assisted adaptive recruitment strategy for a large nation-wide COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity study in Brunei. Front Public Health 2022; 10:983571. [PMID: 36172211 PMCID: PMC9511035 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.983571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A national study was conducted in Brunei to assess and compare the immunogenicity of the various brands of COVID-19 vaccines administered to the population as part of the National COVID-19 Vaccination Programme. Most of the population have had received at least 2 doses of BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222 or MRNA-1273 vaccines. Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 induced by these vaccines will be analysed to infer population-level immune protection against COVID-19. During the 5-week recruitment period, 24,260 eligible individuals were invited to the study via SMS, out of which 2,712 participants were enrolled into the study. This paper describes the novel adaptive strategy used to recruit the study participants. Digital technology was leveraged to perform targeted online recruitment to circumvent the limitations of traditional recruitment methods. Technology also enabled stratified random selection of these eligible individuals who were stratified based on age, gender and vaccine brand. Data was extracted from the electronic health records, the national mobile health application and a third-party survey platform and integrated into a dedicated research platform called EVYDResearch. The instant availability and access to up-to-date data on EVYDResearch enabled the study team to meet weekly and adopt an adaptive recruitment strategy informed by behavioural science, where interventions could be quickly implemented to improve response rates. Some examples of these include incorporating nudge messaging into SMS invitations, involving the Minister of Health to make press announcements on this study, media coverage, setting up an enquiries hotline and reaching out to foreign language speaking expatriates of a local multinational company to participate in this study. Data integration from various data sources, real time information sharing and a strong teamwork led to good outcomes adaptable to the progress of recruitment, compared to the more time-consuming and static traditional recruitment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yee Shim
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Yee Chan
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Wei
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hazim Ghani
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Liyana Ahmad
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Hanisah Sharif
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | | | | | - Surita Taib
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Mei Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - An Qi Liu
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Shen Lim
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd., A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Wong
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
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Da'seh A, Obaid O, Rababa M. Psychological impact of coronavirus disease on nurses exposed and non-exposed to disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022; 17:100442. [PMID: 35719708 PMCID: PMC9187854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nurses who have direct contact with patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and are involved in diagnosis, treatment, and care are at risk for serious psychological health problems. Purpose To examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on nurses who are in direct contact with COVID-19 patients and compared them with other nurses, not in direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Methods A descriptive comparative cross-sectional was conducted on a convenience sample of 364 nurses working at three hospitals in Jordan to collect their socio-demographic data and scores on the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale, 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Insomnia Severity Index via Google form questionnaires. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, independent t-test, and multivariable logistic regression with a significance level of p-value < 0.05 were used to analyze the study data. Results Overall, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress symptoms were 34.1%, 48.9%, 44%, 33.8%, and 67.3%, respectively. Depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia were significantly more prevalent in the exposed group of nurses than in the non-exposed ones. However, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding post-traumatic stress symptoms. Exposure to COVID-19 and the existence of comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress. Conclusion Nurses who have direct contact with COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of psychological disorders than nurses who do not. Psychological interventions need to be implemented to enhance nurses' psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Da'seh
- Applied Science Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Osama Obaid
- Department of Mental Health, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Rababa
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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