1
|
Lee H, Liao JD, Tsai HP, Wang H, Sitjar J. Focused ion beam-fabricated nanorod substrate for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and enabling dual virus detection. Talanta 2024; 278:126466. [PMID: 38944940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents global challenges, notably with co-infections in respiratory tract involving SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza strains. Detecting multiple viruses simultaneously is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective tracking infectious sources, and containment of the epidemic. This study uses a label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method using Au NPs/pZrO2 (250) and FIB-made Au NRs (100) to detect dual viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (D) and influenza A (A) or B (B) virus. Results demonstrate distinct peaks facilitating virus differentiation, especially between D and A or B, with clear disparities between substrates; specific peaks at 950 and 1337 cm-1 are pivotal for discerning viruses using Au NPs/pZrO2 (250), while those at 1050, 1394, and 1450 cm-1 and 1033, 1165, 1337, and 1378 cm-1 are key for validation using Au NRs (100). Differences in substrate surface morphology and spatial disposition of accommodating viruses significantly influence hotspot formation and Raman signal amplification efficiency, thereby affecting the ability to distinguish various viruses. Furthermore, both substrates offer insights, even in the presence of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (an interfering substance), with practical implications in viral diagnosis. The customized design and reproducibility underscore efficient Raman signal amplification, even in challenging environments, highlighting potential for widespread virus detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lee
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jaya Sitjar
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hartwig SM, Odle A, Wong LYR, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S, Varga SM. Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge. J Virol 2024:e0066924. [PMID: 39194251 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00669-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a major health burden worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the leading causes of hospitalization in both young children and older adults. The onset of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the public health response had a profound impact on the normal seasonal outbreaks of other respiratory viruses. However, little is known about how a prior respiratory virus infection impacts SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes. In this study, we examine the impact of a previous RSV infection on the disease severity of a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 challenge in BALB/c mice. Mice infected with RSV, followed by a SARS-CoV-2 challenge, 30 days later, exhibited decreased weight loss and increased survival as compared to control groups. Our results suggest a prior RSV infection can provide protection against a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus are respiratory viruses that are a major health burden worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus frequently have peak seasonal outbreaks during the winter months, and are capable of causing severe respiratory disease, often leading to hospitalization. The 2019 pandemic brought attention to the importance of understanding how co-circulating viruses can impact the disease severity of other respiratory viruses. It is known that many hospitalized patients are undergoing multiple viral infections at once, yet not much has been studied to understand the impact this has on other respiratory viruses or patients. How co-circulating viruses impact one another can provide critical knowledge for future interventions of hospitalized patients and potential vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Abby Odle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lok-Yin Roy Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Noffel Z, Dobrovolny HM. Modeling the bystander effect during viral coinfection. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111928. [PMID: 39168369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Viral coinfections are responsible for a significant portion of cases of patients hospitalized with influenza-like illness. As our awareness of viral coinfections has increased, researchers have started to experimentally examine some of the virus-virus interactions underlying these infections. One mechanism of interaction between viruses is through the innate immune response. This seems to occur primarily through the interferon response, which generates an antiviral state in nearby uninfected cells, a phenomenon know as the bystander effect. Here, we develop a mathematical model of two viruses interacting through the bystander effect. We find that when the rate of removal of cells to the protected state is high, growth of the first virus is suppressed, while the second virus enjoys sole access to the protected cells, enhancing its growth. Conversely, growth of the second virus can be fully suppressed if its ability to infect the protected cells is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakarya Noffel
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer Science, Asutin, TX, United States
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Texas Christian University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Fort Worth, 76129, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paradis S, Van Der Pol B, Kaatz NA, Davis TE, Ledeboer NA, Faron ML, Laviers W, Lockamy E, Yanson KA. Clinical Performance of the BD Respiratory Viral Panel for BD MAX™ System in Detecting SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116482. [PMID: 39142094 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Using a nasopharyngeal (NP) or anterior nasal (NS) swab from prospectively collected or retrospective specimens, we assessed the clinical performance of the BD Respiratory Viral Panel (BD RVP) for BD MAX System against FDA-cleared or authorized comparators. Across prospective and retrospective specimens, positive percent agreement (PPA) was ≥ 98.4% for SARS-CoV-2, ≥ 96.7% for influenza (flu) A, ≥ 91.7% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 100% for flu B (retrospective only) while negative percent agreement (NPA) was ≥ 97.7% across all targets, leading to the assay FDA clearance. A head-to-head comparison of NS versus NP results with BD RVP was also performed; PPA was ≥ 90% and NPA ≥ 98.2% for SARS-CoV-2, flu A and RSV. These findings confirm that the BD MAX RVP assay performs well for detection and differentiation of the three viruses in NP and NS specimens, with strong interrater agreements for NS versus NP comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Paradis
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 2100 Derry Rd. West, #100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbara Van Der Pol
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Davis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan A Ledeboer
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew L Faron
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Laviers
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lockamy
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
| | - Karen A Yanson
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences - Diagnostic Solutions, 7 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iftimie S, Gabaldó-Barrios X, Penadés-Nadal J, Canela-Capdevila M, Piñana R, Jiménez-Franco A, López-Azcona AF, Castañé H, Cárcel M, Camps J, Castro A, Joven J. Serum Levels of Arachidonic Acid, Interleukin-6, and C-Reactive Protein as Potential Indicators of Pulmonary Viral Infections: Comparative Analysis of Influenza A, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, and COVID-19. Viruses 2024; 16:1065. [PMID: 39066228 PMCID: PMC11281451 DOI: 10.3390/v16071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections, including influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and COVID-19, can aggravate to levels requiring hospitalization, increasing morbidity and mortality. Identifying biomarkers for an accurate diagnosis and prognosis of these infections is a clinical need. We performed a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the changes in circulating levels of arachidonic acid, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with FluA, RSV, or COVID-19, and to analyze the potential of these parameters as diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers. We analyzed serum samples from 172 FluA, 80 RSV, and 217 COVID-19 patients, and 104 healthy volunteers. Individuals with lung viral diseases showed reduced arachidonic acid concentrations compared to healthy people, with these differences being most pronounced in the order COVID-19 > RSV > FluA. Conversely, IL-6 and CRP levels were elevated across diseases, with IL-6 emerging as the most promising diagnostic biomarker, with areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics plot higher than 0.85 and surpassing arachidonic acid and CRP. Moreover, IL-6 displayed notable efficacy in distinguishing between FluA patients who survived and those who did not (AUC = 0.80). These findings may provide useful tools for diagnosing and monitoring the severity of acute viral respiratory tract infections, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (J.P.-N.); (A.F.L.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Joan Penadés-Nadal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (J.P.-N.); (A.F.L.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Canela-Capdevila
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (A.J.-F.); (H.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Rubén Piñana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (A.J.-F.); (H.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Ana F. López-Azcona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (J.P.-N.); (A.F.L.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (A.J.-F.); (H.C.); (J.J.)
| | - María Cárcel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (A.J.-F.); (H.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (J.P.-N.); (A.F.L.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (A.J.-F.); (H.C.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trifonova I, Korsun N, Madzharova I, Alexiev I, Ivanov I, Levterova V, Grigorova L, Stoikov I, Donchev D, Christova I. Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Respiratory Viral Coinfections with Different Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Viruses 2024; 16:958. [PMID: 38932250 PMCID: PMC11209099 DOI: 10.3390/v16060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the incidence and etiological, seasonal, and genetic characteristics of respiratory viral coinfections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between October 2020 and January 2024, nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 2277 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Two multiplex approaches were used to detect and sequence SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B viruses, and other seasonal respiratory viruses: multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex next-generation sequencing. Coinfections of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses were detected in 164 (7.2%) patients. The most common co-infecting virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (38 cases, 1.7%), followed by bocavirus (BoV) (1.2%) and rhinovirus (RV) (1.1%). Patients ≤ 16 years of age had the highest rate (15%) of mixed infections. Whole-genome sequencing produced 19 complete genomes of seasonal respiratory viral co-pathogens, which were subjected to phylogenetic and amino acid analyses. The detected influenza viruses were classified into the genetic groups 6B.1A.5a.2a and 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 and 3C.2a.2b for A(H3N2), and V1A.3a.2 for the B/Victoria lineage. The RSV-B sequences belonged to the genetic group GB5.0.5a, with HAdV-C belonging to type 1, BoV to genotype VP1, and PIV3 to lineage 1a(i). Multiple amino acid substitutions were identified, including at the antibody-binding sites. This study provides insights into respiratory viral coinfections involving SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces the importance of genetic characterization of co-pathogens in the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Trifonova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Neli Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Viktoria Levterova
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Lyubomira Grigorova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Dean Donchev
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Iva Christova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Wei X, Liu Y, Li S, Pan W, Dai J, Yang Z. Towards broad-spectrum protection: the development and challenges of combined respiratory virus vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1412478. [PMID: 38903942 PMCID: PMC11188343 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1412478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 era, the co-circulation of respiratory viruses, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continues to have significant health impacts and presents ongoing public health challenges. Vaccination remains the most effective measure for preventing viral infections. To address the concurrent circulation of these respiratory viruses, extensive efforts have been dedicated to the development of combined vaccines. These vaccines utilize a range of platforms, including mRNA-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, providing opportunities in addressing multiple pathogens at once. This review delves into the major advancements in the field of combined vaccine research, underscoring the strategic use of various platforms to tackle the simultaneous circulation of respiratory viruses effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Svyatchenko VA, Legostaev SS, Lutkovskiy RY, Protopopova EV, Ponomareva EP, Omigov VV, Taranov OS, Ternovoi VA, Agafonov AP, Loktev VB. Coxsackievirus A7 and Enterovirus A71 Significantly Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cell and Animal Models. Viruses 2024; 16:909. [PMID: 38932201 PMCID: PMC11209502 DOI: 10.3390/v16060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the features of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the enterovirus vaccine strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 for Vero E6 cells and Syrian hamsters. The investigation of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 in the cell model showed that a competitive inhibitory effect for these viruses was especially significant against SARS-CoV-2. Pre-infection with enteroviruses in the animals caused more than a 100-fold decrease in the levels of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication in the respiratory tract and more rapid clearance of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the lower respiratory tract. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and LEV-8 or EV-A71 also reduced the severity of clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the animals. Additionally, the histological data illustrated that co-infection with strain LEV8 of coxsackievirus A7 decreased the level of pathological changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs. Research into the chemokine/cytokine profile demonstrated that the studied enteroviruses efficiently triggered this part of the antiviral immune response, which is associated with the significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results demonstrate that there is significant viral interference between the studied strain LEV-8 of coxsackievirus A7 or enterovirus A71 and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valery B. Loktev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (V.A.S.); (S.S.L.); (R.Y.L.); (E.V.P.); (E.P.P.); (V.V.O.); (O.S.T.); (V.A.T.); (A.P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Maio VC, Scutari R, Forqué L, Colagrossi L, Coltella L, Ranno S, Linardos G, Gentile L, Galeno E, Vittucci AC, Pisani M, Cristaldi S, Villani A, Raponi M, Bernaschi P, Russo C, Perno CF. Presence and Significance of Multiple Respiratory Viral Infections in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:750. [PMID: 38793631 PMCID: PMC11126044 DOI: 10.3390/v16050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral co-infections are frequently observed among children, but whether specific viral interactions enhance or diminish the severity of respiratory disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the type of viral mono- and co-infections by also evaluating viral correlations in 3525 respiratory samples from 3525 pediatric in/outpatients screened by the Allplex Respiratory Panel Assays and with a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test available. Overall, viral co-infections were detected in 37.8% of patients and were more frequently observed in specimens from children with lower respiratory tract infections compared to those with upper respiratory tract infections (47.1% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.003). SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A were more commonly detected in mono-infections, whereas human bocavirus showed the highest co-infection rate (87.8% in co-infection). After analyzing viral pairings using Spearman's correlation test, it was noted that SARS-CoV-2 was negatively associated with all other respiratory viruses, whereas a markedly significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was observed for five viral pairings (involving adenovirus/human bocavirus/human enterovirus/metapneumoviruses/rhinovirus). The correlation between co-infection and clinical outcome may be linked to the type of virus(es) involved in the co-infection rather than simple co-presence. Further studies dedicated to this important point are needed, since it has obvious implications from a diagnostic and clinical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Velia Chiara Di Maio
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Rossana Scutari
- Multimodal Laboratory Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorena Forqué
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Luana Coltella
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Linardos
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Leonarda Gentile
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Eugenia Galeno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Anna Chiara Vittucci
- Hospital University Pediatrics Clinical Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Mara Pisani
- Hospital University Pediatrics Clinical Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Sebastian Cristaldi
- Hospital University Pediatrics Clinical Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Alberto Villani
- Hospital University Pediatrics Clinical Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bernaschi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.C.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Babawale PI, Guerrero-Plata A. Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes. Pathogens 2024; 13:316. [PMID: 38668271 PMCID: PMC11053695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral coinfections are a global public health threat that poses an economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare infrastructure. Viruses may coinfect and interact synergistically or antagonistically, or their coinfection may not affect their replication rate. These interactions are specific to different virus combinations, which underlines the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind these differential viral interactions and the need for novel diagnostic methods to accurately identify multiple viruses causing a disease in a patient to avoid misdiagnosis. This review examines epidemiological patterns, pathology manifestations, and the immune response modulation of different respiratory viral combinations that occur during coinfections using different experimental models to better understand the dynamics respiratory viral coinfection takes in driving disease outcomes and severity, which is crucial to guide the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marangi M, Boughattas S, Valzano F, La Bella G, De Nittis R, Margaglione M, Arena F. Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and other gastrointestinal pathogens among diarrheic COVID-19 patients in Italy. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 58:101228. [PMID: 38406386 PMCID: PMC10884970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal pathogens (GPs) contribute significantly to the burden of illness worldwide with diarrhoea being the most common among gastrointestinal symptoms (GSs). In the COVID-19 disease, diarrhoea, could be one of the initial presenting symptoms. However, no data on the potential correlation between diarrhoea-causing pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 infection are available. Therefore, we carried out a 2-years retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of "classic" GPs among SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected patients with diarrhoea in Italy. Methods Results of SARS-CoV-2 research from nasopharyngeal and detection of GPs from stool swab samples by Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 and GI Virus, Bacteria and Parasite Assay were analysed for all patients with diarrhoea referring to Policlinico Ospedaliero Universitario, Foggia, (Italy) from February 2022 to October 2023. Results Out of the 833 involved patients, 81 (3.9%) were COVID-19 positive, while 752 (90.3%) were COVID-19 negative. Among COVID-19-positive patients, 37% (n = 30/81) were found positive for one or more GPs with a higher prevalence of protozoan parasites (18.5%) (Blastocystis ST1-ST4 subtypes, Dientamoeba fragilis genotype I), followed by bacteria (7.4%) (Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp.). Viral pathogens were more frequent among COVID-19 negative patients (Adenovirus, Norovirus). Among GPs, Blastocystis ST3 subtype was the most prevalent registered in the 16% of patients (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Based on obtained results, a likely interaction between the classic GPs and SARS-CoV-2 infection can be speculated, driven by protozoan parasites. Moreover, these results also provide baseline data to understand more deeply Blastocystis sp. role in this scenario of dysbiosis, particularly in those cases of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Marangi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Felice Valzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco La Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosella De Nittis
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabio Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al Hossain F, Tonmoy MTH, Nuvvula S, Chapman BP, Gupta RK, Lover AA, Dinglasan RR, Carreiro S, Rahman T. Syndromic surveillance of population-level COVID-19 burden with cough monitoring in a hospital emergency waiting room. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1279392. [PMID: 38605877 PMCID: PMC11007176 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1279392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Syndromic surveillance is an effective tool for enabling the timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating the implementation of effective mitigation strategies by public health authorities. While various information sources are currently utilized to collect syndromic signal data for analysis, the aggregated measurement of cough, an important symptom for many illnesses, is not widely employed as a syndromic signal. With recent advancements in ubiquitous sensing technologies, it becomes feasible to continuously measure population-level cough incidence in a contactless, unobtrusive, and automated manner. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of monitoring aggregated cough count as a syndromic indicator to estimate COVID-19 cases. In our study, we deployed a sensor-based platform (Syndromic Logger) in the emergency room of a large hospital. The platform captured syndromic signals from audio, thermal imaging, and radar, while the ground truth data were collected from the hospital's electronic health record. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between the aggregated cough count and positive COVID-19 cases in the hospital (Pearson correlation of 0.40, p-value < 0.001). Notably, this correlation was higher than that observed with the number of individuals presenting with fever (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.04), a widely used syndromic signal and screening tool for such diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the data obtained from our Syndromic Logger platform could be leveraged to estimate various COVID-19-related statistics using multiple modeling approaches. Aggregated cough counts and other data, such as people density collected from our platform, can be utilized to predict COVID-19 patient visits related metrics in a hospital waiting room, and SHAP and Gini feature importance-based metrics showed cough count as the important feature for these prediction models. Furthermore, we have shown that predictions based on cough counting outperform models based on fever detection (e.g., temperatures over 39°C), which require more intrusive engagement with the population. Our findings highlight that incorporating cough-counting based signals into syndromic surveillance systems can significantly enhance overall resilience against future public health challenges, such as emerging disease outbreaks or pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forsad Al Hossain
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - M. Tanjid Hasan Tonmoy
- Halıcıoǧlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sri Nuvvula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Brittany P. Chapman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Halıcıoǧlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrew A. Lover
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie Carreiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Tauhidur Rahman
- Halıcıoǧlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rhoden J, Hoffmann AT, Stein JF, Rocha BSD, Barros VMD, Silva EVD, Fleck JD, Rigotto C. Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:71. [PMID: 38317218 PMCID: PMC10840208 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat the pandemic and limit virus transmission. In the meantime, other respiratory viruses continued to circulate, though at decreased rates. METHODS This study was conducted between June and July 2022, in a hospital in the metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southernmost state of Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with respiratory symptoms without delimitation of age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 different respiratory viruses and confirmed coinfections in the samples. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the association between associations of clinical characteristics and coinfection. RESULTS Sampling corresponds to 337 selected and 330 patients analyzed. The principal clinical outcome found was hospital discharge in 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted in death. The principal viral agents related to coinfections were Human rhinovirus, Human enterovirus, and Respiratory syncytial virus. The most frequent viral agent detected was SARS-CoV-2, with 60 (18%) infections, followed by 51 (15%) cases of Respiratory syncytial virus B (15%) and 44 (13%) cases of Human rhinovirus 1. Coinfection was mainly observed in children, while adults and the elderly were more affected by a single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) were unvaccinated while the remainder had at least one dose of the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study presents information to update the understanding of viral circulation in the region. Furthermore, the findings clarify the behavior of viral infections and possible coinfections in hospitalized patients, considering different ages and clinical profiles. In addition, this knowledge can help to monitor the population's clinical manifestations and prevent future outbreaks of respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Rhoden
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil.
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Taíz Hoffmann
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil
| | - Janaína Franciele Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Bruna Seixas da Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Monteagudo de Barros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Viegas da Silva
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 5400, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sabastin M, Mone K, Manivel A, Cherayi Padinakarai A, Krishnasamy K. Epidemic profile of common respiratory viruses in association SARS CoV-2 among SARI and ARI-two year study. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:156. [PMID: 38252354 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19/SARS CoV-2 continue to pose a threat to human health and placed millions of livelihoods at risk. Surveillance for the other circulating seasonal viruses during this pandemic is necessary to understand the manifestations of the CoV-2 pandemic and their incidence. METHODS A detailed study survey was performed on subjects with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in the King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai from April 2020 to March 2022. A total of 1480 patients presenting with either SARI (41.8%) or ARI (58.1%) were screened for SARS CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The SARS CoV-2 real-time PCR was carried out using ICMR-approved kits and other respiratory viruses were detected using the commercially available real-time kit. RESULTS Out of the 620 SARI patients, 198 (31.9%) were positive for SARS CoV-2 RNA. Out of the 860 ARI patients, 352 (40.9%) were positive for SARS CoV-2 RNA. Among the 550 patients positive for SARS CoV-2, 7 (1.2%) were positive coexistent with other respiratory viruses. Among the 930 patients with negative SARS CoV-2, 222 (23.8%) were positive for other common respiratory viruses (p = 0.001). Influenza viruses (36.9%) predominated followed by RSV (31.9%) and Parainfluenza virus (13.5%). CONCLUSION This study suggests that viral coinfections are significantly higher among SARS CoV-2 negative individuals (23.8 vs. 1.2%). It is possibly due to viral interference and the competitive advantage of SARS CoV-2 in modulating the host immunity. Continuous surveillance is necessary for understanding the viral co-infection mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Sabastin
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiruthiga Mone
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - ArunKumar Manivel
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kaveri Krishnasamy
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kawase M, Suwa R, Sugimoto S, Kakizaki M, Kume Y, Chishiki M, Ono T, Okabe H, Norito S, Ujike M, Hosoya M, Hashimoto K, Shirato K. Evidence of the simultaneous replications of active viruses in specimens positive for multiple respiratory viruses. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0192023. [PMID: 38051050 PMCID: PMC10783086 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01920-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the pandemic of coronavirus diseases 2019, the use of real-time PCR assay has become widespread among people who were not familiar with it in virus detection. As a result, whether a high real-time PCR value in one time test indicates virus transmissibly became a complicated social problem, regardless of the difference in assays and/or amplification conditions, the time and number of diagnostic test during the time course of infection. In addition, the multiple positives in the test of respiratory viruses further add to the confusion in the interpretation of the infection. To address this issue, we performed virus isolation using pediatric SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) specimens on air-liquid interface culture of human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cell culture. The result of this study can be a strong evidence that the specimens showing positivity for multiple agents in real-time PCR tests possibly contain infectious viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kawase
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Suwa
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kakizaki
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kume
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mina Chishiki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Okabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Norito
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ujike
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan Q, Tang Z, Yu Y, Zang G, Chen X. Co-circulation and co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza in China: challenges and implications. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1295877. [PMID: 38145062 PMCID: PMC10739402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1295877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tavares ER, de Lima TF, Bartolomeu-Gonçalves G, de Castro IM, de Lima DG, Borges PHG, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Venancio EJ, Tarley CRT, de Almeida ERD, Pelisson M, Vespero EC, Simão ANC, Perugini MRE, Kerbauy G, Fornazieri MA, Tognim MCB, Góes VM, de Souza TDACB, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Yamauchi LM, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Development of a Melting-Curve-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2692. [PMID: 38004704 PMCID: PMC10672821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prompt and accurate identification of the etiological agents of viral respiratory infections is a critical measure in mitigating outbreaks. In this study, we developed and clinically evaluated a novel melting-curve-based multiplex real-time PCR (M-m-qPCR) assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2, the Matrix protein 2 of the Influenza A virus, the RdRp domain of the L protein from the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and the polyprotein from Rhinovirus B genes. The analytical performance of the M-m-qPCR underwent assessment using in silico analysis and a panel of reference and clinical strains, encompassing viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, exhibiting 100% specificity. Moreover, the assay showed a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction for all targeted pathogens using the positive controls. To validate its applicability, the assay was further tested in simulated nasal fluid spiked with the viruses mentioned above, followed by validation on nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 811 individuals. Among them, 13.4% (109/811) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 1.1% (9/811) tested positive for Influenza A. Notably, these results showed 100% concordance with those obtained using a commercial kit. Therefore, the M-m-qPCR exhibits great potential for the routine screening of these respiratory viral pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
| | - Thiago Ferreira de Lima
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Guilherme Bartolomeu-Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Isabela Madeira de Castro
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Daniel Gaiotto de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Guilherme Borges
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | | | | | - Marsileni Pelisson
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Márcia Regina Eches Perugini
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil; (G.B.-G.); (E.J.V.); (M.P.); (E.C.V.); (A.N.C.S.); (M.R.E.P.)
| | - Gilselena Kerbauy
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Marco Aurélio Fornazieri
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Surgery, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Lígia Carla Faccin-Galhardi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (E.R.T.); (D.G.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.); (I.M.d.C.); (P.H.G.B.); (G.N.); (R.K.T.K.); (L.C.F.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zdanowicz K, Lewandowski D, Majewski P, Półkośnik K, Liwoch-Nienartowicz N, Reszeć-Giełażyn J, Lebensztejn DM, Sulik A, Toczyłowski K. Clinical Presentation and Co-Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Children Under 5 Years with Non-COVID-19 Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective Study in Białystok, Poland (2021-2022). Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941785. [PMID: 37794657 PMCID: PMC10563589 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children often involve a complex interplay between viruses and bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate clinical presentation in children under 5 years old diagnosed with non-COVID-19 bacterial and viral respiratory tract co-infections between October 2021 and May 2022 in Białystok, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 100 children under 5 years with RTIs who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for 19 viruses and 7 bacterial strains using molecular assays. RESULTS Viral pathogens were detected in 71% of patients and bacterial pathogens were detected in 59%. The most common pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae (n=48), rhinoviruses (n=32), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=30). Single pathogens were detected in 36%, dual in 37%, triple in 15%, and quadruple in 2%. Bacterial pathogens were co-detected with viruses in 40 cases, mostly with rhinoviruses (n=15). Two different viruses were found in 14 children and the most common co-detection was adenovirus with rhinovirus (n=5); dyspnea (63% vs 11%) and wheezing (75% vs 22%) were more common in children with human bocavirus. Fever was a common symptom in children with human adenovirus (88% vs 58%). Detection of bacteria and multiple detections were more common in day-care attendees, but were not associated with clinical picture of RTI. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies, we found a high prevalence of rhinoviruses, despite ongoing implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-detection of 2 different respiratory pathogens was frequent, but we found no evidence that this was associated with the severity of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zdanowicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dawid Lewandowski
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Majewski
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kinga Półkośnik
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Reszeć-Giełażyn
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Sulik
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kacper Toczyłowski
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bordi L, Vulcano A, Sberna G, Nonis M, Giacomini P, Maggi F, Fontana C, Lalle E. Co-Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts during Influenza Season 2022-2023 in Lazio Region. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2239. [PMID: 37764083 PMCID: PMC10536072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) occur when there is a lower airway tract infection. They are well-known for increasing the susceptibility of patients to bacterial/fungal co-infections and super-infections. In this study, we present the results of our investigation, which involved 381 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital during the Influenza season from October 2022 to April 2023. Among the 381 specimens, 75 were bronchoalveolar (BAL), and 306 were nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs). Notably, 34.4% of the examined samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, we observed that 7.96% of NPSs showed positivity only for other respiratory viruses, while a substantial percentage (77%) of BAL specimens exhibited positive results only for bacterial co-infections. The results of our study not only confirm the importance of co-infections in COVID-19 but also emphasize the significance of utilizing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the timely diagnosis of LRTIs. In fact, RDTs allow for the identification of multiple pathogens, providing clinicians with useful and timely information to establish effective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biological Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Marino Nonis
- Health Management Direction, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacomini
- Health Management Direction, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Fontana
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biological Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute of Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al Hossain F, Tonmoy TH, Nuvvula S, Chapman BP, Gupta RK, Lover AA, Dinglasan RR, Carreiro S, Rahman T. Passive Monitoring of Crowd-Level Cough Counts in Waiting Areas produces Reliable Syndromic Indicator for Total COVID-19 Burden in a Hospital Emergency Clinic. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3084318. [PMID: 37461489 PMCID: PMC10350162 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3084318/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Syndromic surveillance is an effective tool for enabling the timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating the implementation of effective mitigation strategies by public health authorities. While various information sources are currently utilized to collect syndromic signal data for analysis, the aggregated measurement of cough, an important symptom for many illnesses, is not widely employed as a syndromic signal. With recent advancements in ubiquitous sensing technologies, it becomes feasible to continuously measure population-level cough incidence in a contactless, unobtrusive, and automated manner. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of monitoring aggregated cough count as a syndromic indicator to estimate COVID-19 cases. In our study, we deployed a sensor-based platform (Syndromic Logger) in the emergency room of a large hospital. The platform captured syndromic signals from audio, thermal imaging, and radar, while the ground truth data were collected from the hospital's electronic health record. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between the aggregated cough count and positive COVID-19 cases in the hospital (Pearson correlation of 0.40, p-value < 0.001). Notably, this correlation was higher than that observed with the number of individuals presenting with fever (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.04), a widely used syndromic signal and screening tool for such diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the data obtained from our Syndromic Logger platform could be leveraged to estimate various COVID-19-related statistics using multiple modeling approaches. Our findings highlight the efficacy of aggregated cough count as a valuable syndromic indicator associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 cases. Incorporating this signal into syndromic surveillance systems for such diseases can significantly enhance overall resilience against future public health challenges, such as emerging disease outbreaks or pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forsad Al Hossain
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Tanjid Hasan Tonmoy
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sri Nuvvula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brittany P. Chapman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Lover
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie Carreiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tauhidur Rahman
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|