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Olivera C, Paira DA, Olmedo A, Olmedo JJ, Tissera AD, Molina RI, Motrich RD, Cuffini CG, Rivero VE. Impact of high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus infections on the male genital tract: effects on semen inflammation and sperm quality. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1420307. [PMID: 39258253 PMCID: PMC11385601 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1420307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, comprises high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) viruses, the former posing a high risk for developing malignancies whereas the latter mainly for benign warts. Despite increasing awareness of HPV's impact on men's health, the influence of HR-HPV and LR-HPV urogenital infections on male fertility potential remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether male urogenital infection with HR- or LR-HPV associates with impaired sperm quality, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A total of 205 male patients attending an urology clinic were enrolled. Semen samples were analyzed for HPV using PCR and genotyped by RFLP. Semen quality was evaluated following WHO guidelines. Semen leukocytes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sperm viability were analyzed using flow cytometry. HPV was detected in 19% (39/205) of semen samples. HR-HPV infections were more prevalent, with HPV-16 being the most frequent genotype. Neither HR-HPV nor LR-HPV were associated with significant alterations in routine sperm quality parameters. However, HR-HPV+ individuals showed significantly higher levels of sperm necrosis and exhibited increased proportions of ROS+ spermatozoa compared to LR-HPV+ or control individuals. Furthermore, no significant semen inflammation was detected in patients infected with either HR-HPV or LR-HPV, and unexpectedly reduced semen leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) were observed in HR-HPV+ patients compared to controls. These observations underscore the importance of comprehensive HPV screening, including genotyping, in urology and fertility clinics to understand the progression of the infection, potential adverse effects on reproductive health, and the oncogenic risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olivera
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela A Paira
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Olmedo
- Dirección de Asistencia Social del Personal Universitario (DASPU), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José J Olmedo
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica (FUCDIM), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea D Tissera
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa I Molina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén D Motrich
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia G Cuffini
- Instituto de Virología Dr. Jose Maria Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunología Clínica de Córdoba (CICC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Amicuzi U, Grillo M, Stizzo M, Olivetta M, Tammaro S, Napolitano L, Reccia P, De Luca L, Rubinacci A, Della Rosa G, Lecce A, Coppola P, Papi S, Trama F, Romano L, Sciorio C, Spirito L, Crocetto F, Manfredi C, Del Giudice F, Ferro M, Rocco B, Tataru OS, Balsamo R, Lucarelli G, Del Biondo D, Barone B. Exploring the Multifactorial Landscape of Penile Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1790. [PMID: 39202278 PMCID: PMC11353487 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer, while rare, is a critical public health issue due to its profound impact on patients and the complexities of its management. The disease's multifactorial etiology includes risk factors such as HPV infection, poor hygiene, smoking, genetic predispositions, and socioeconomic determinants. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of these diverse risk factors, aiming to enhance understanding of the disease's underlying causes. By elucidating these factors, the article seeks to inform and improve prevention strategies, early detection methods, and therapeutic interventions. A nuanced grasp of the multifactorial nature of penile cancer can enable healthcare professionals to develop more effective approaches to reducing incidence rates and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Amicuzi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Marco Grillo
- Department of Urology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Marco Stizzo
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Michelangelo Olivetta
- Urology Unit, Gaetano Fucito Hospital, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84085 Mercato San Severino, Italy;
| | - Simone Tammaro
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Pasquale Reccia
- Urology Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Luigi De Luca
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Multispecialty, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Rubinacci
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Giampiero Della Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Arturo Lecce
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Paola Coppola
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Salvatore Papi
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Trama
- Urology Complex Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord ‘Santa Maria delle Grazie’ Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Romano
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Spirito
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.T.); (L.N.); (A.R.); (G.D.R.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Matteo Ferro
- 2nd Unit of Urology, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Via A. Di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy (B.R.)
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- 2nd Unit of Urology, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Via A. Di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy (B.R.)
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- Department of Simulation Applied in Medicine, The Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I.O.S.U.D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology from Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Raffaele Balsamo
- Urology Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Dario Del Biondo
- Department of Urology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (D.D.B.)
- Department of Urology, Ospedale San Paolo, ASL NA1 Centro, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Urology, Ospedale San Paolo, ASL NA1 Centro, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Amato M, Santonocito S, Bruno MT, Polizzi A, Mastroianni A, Chaurasia A, Isola G. Oral and periodontal manifestation related during human papilloma virus infections: Update on early prognostic factors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31061. [PMID: 38813162 PMCID: PMC11133762 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the cervix and head and neck. Manifestations of HPV infections can be manifold, ranging from asymptomatic infections to benign or potentially malignant lesions to intraepithelial neoplasms and invasive carcinomas. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations from HPV infection depends on the interactions between the viral agent and the host, a direct consequence of the ability on the part of HPV is to remain silent and to evade and convey the action of the host immune system. The oral mucosa represents one of the tissues for which HPV has a distinct tropism and is frequently affected by infection. While much information is available on the role that HPV infection plays in the development of SCC in the oral cavity, there is less information on asymptomatic infections and benign HPV-induced oral lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze, in light of current knowledge, the early clinical and bio-humoral prognostic features related to the risk of HPV malignant transformation, focusing on subclinical conditions, benign lesions, and the correlation between oral infection and infection in other districts. The data show that the main risk associated with HPV infection is related to malignant transformation of lesions. Although HPV-driven OPSCC is associated with a better prognosis than non-HPV-driven OPSCC, primary prevention and early detection of the infection and affected genotype are essential to reduce the risk of malignant neoplastic complications and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bruno
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
- Research Center of “Human Papilloma Virus” University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mastroianni
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
- Research Center of “Human Papilloma Virus” University of Catania, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Via S. Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
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4
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Hoeger PH. Dupilumab: Two sides of a side-effect. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:180-181. [PMID: 38284784 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The purported antiviral effect of dupilumab may be considered a positive side effect. Its mechanism, however, points to an underlying immunomodulation with potentially far-reaching consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Hoeger
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Taghavi K, Zhao F, Downham L, Baena A, Basu P. Molecular triaging options for women testing HPV positive with self-collected samples. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1243888. [PMID: 37810963 PMCID: PMC10560038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1243888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We review developments in molecular triaging options for women who test positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) on self-collected samples in the context of cervical cancer elimination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends hrHPV screening as the primary test for cervical screening due to its high sensitivity compared to other screening tests. However, when hrHPV testing is used alone for treatment decisions, a proportion of women of childbearing age receive unnecessary treatments. This provides the incentive to optimize screening regimes to minimize the risk of overtreatment in women of reproductive age. Molecular biomarkers can potentially enhance the accuracy and efficiency of screening and triage. HrHPV testing is currently the only screening test that allows triage with molecular methods using the same sample. Additionally, offering self-collected hrHPV tests to women has been reported to increase screening coverage. This creates an opportunity to focus health resources on linking screen-positive women to diagnosis and treatment. Adding an additional test to the screening algorithm (a triage test) may improve the test's positive predictive value (PPV) and offer a better balance of benefits and risks for women. Conventional triage methods like cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) cannot be performed on self-collected samples and require additional clinic visits and subjective interpretations. Molecular triaging using methods like partial and extended genotyping, methylation tests, detection of E6/E7 proteins, and hrHPV viral load in the same sample as the hrHPV test may improve the prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and invasive cancer, offering more precise, efficient, and cost-effective screening regimes. More research is needed to determine if self-collected samples are effective and cost-efficient for diverse populations and in comparison to other triage methods. The implementation of molecular triaging could improve screening accuracy and reduce the need for multiple clinical visits. These important factors play a crucial role in achieving the global goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Taghavi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Sausen DG, Shechter O, Gallo ES, Dahari H, Borenstein R. Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papillomavirus, and Cervical Cancer: Overview, Relationship, and Treatment Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3692. [PMID: 37509353 PMCID: PMC10378257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant body of research examining the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, with a particular emphasis on the oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7. What is less well explored, however, is the relationship between cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus (HSV). To date, studies examining the role of HSV in cervical cancer pathogenesis have yielded mixed results. While several experiments have determined that HPV/HSV-2 coinfection results in a higher risk of developing cervical cancer, others have questioned the validity of this association. However, clarifying the potential role of HSV in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer may have significant implications for both the prevention and treatment of this disease. Should this relationship be clarified, treating and preventing HSV could open another avenue with which to prevent cervical cancer. The importance of this is highlighted by the fact that, despite the creation of an effective vaccine against HPV, cervical cancer still impacts 604,000 women and is responsible for 342,000 deaths annually. This review provides an overview of HSV and HPV infections and then delves into the possible links between HPV, HSV, and cervical cancer. It concludes with a summary of preventive measures against and recent treatment advances in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA; (D.G.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Oren Shechter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA; (D.G.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Elisa S. Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Harel Dahari
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Ronen Borenstein
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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Dufour L, Carrouel F, Dussart C. Human Papillomaviruses in Adolescents: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pharmacists Regarding Virus and Vaccination in France. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030778. [PMID: 36992485 PMCID: PMC10058809 DOI: 10.3390/v15030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dufour
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Dussart
- Laboratory "Health, Systemic, Process" (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
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8
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Ntuli L, Mtshali A, Mzobe G, Liebenberg LJP, Ngcapu S. Role of Immunity and Vaginal Microbiome in Clearance and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:927131. [PMID: 35873158 PMCID: PMC9301195 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.927131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women of reproductive age, with 80% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes has been described as the most common non-systemic biological risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The mucosal immune system plays a significant role in controlling HPV infection by acting as the first line of host defense at the mucosal surface. However, the virus can evade host immunity using various mechanisms, including inhibition of the antiviral immune response necessary for HPV clearance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and the vaginal microbiome coordinate cell-mediated immune responses and play a pivotal role in modulating immunity. Recently, diverse vaginal microbiome (associated with bacterial vaginosis) and genital inflammation have emerged as potential drivers of high-risk HPV positivity and disease severity in women. The potential role of these risk factors on HPV recurrence and persistence remains unclear. This article reviews the role of cellular or cytokine response and vaginal microbiome dysbiosis in the clearance, persistence, and recurrence of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lungelo Ntuli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Mtshali
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Gugulethu Mzobe
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine JP Liebenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sinaye Ngcapu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Sinaye Ngcapu,
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AlBosale A, Mashkina EV. Association between ТР53, MDM2 and NQO1 gene polymorphisms and viral load among women with human papillomavirus. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:59-64. [PMID: 35342856 PMCID: PMC8904200 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cervical cancer is caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. Our purpose was to investigate the association between TP53 215C>G (Pro72Arg), MDM2 -410T>G, and NQO1 609C>T gene polymorphisms with a high HPV load and the inf luence of gene-gene interactions on prolonged HPV infection. Eighty-nine women with a high HPV viral load and 114 healthy women were involved in a case–control study. Genotyping for TP53 215C>G (Pro72Arg) and MDM2 -410T>G SNPs was carried out by allele-specif ic PCR and genotyping for NQO1 609C>T was performed by a TaqMan assay. Quantitative analysis of HPV DNA was performed by AmpliSens® HPV HCR screen-titer-FRT test system. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The study of separate SNPs of MDM2 -410T>G and NQO1 609C>T genes did not reveal any statistically signif icant difference in genotype and allele frequencies among women within the two groups. The frequency of the 215G (72Arg) allele and 215GG (72Arg/ Arg) genotype of the TP53 gene was signif icantly higher in the case group than in the control group (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 1.10–2.73; p = 0.02 and OR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.13–3.46; p = 0.04, respectively). MDR analysis showed the signif icance of intergenic interactions of the three studied loci TP53 (rs1042522) – MDM2 (rs2279744) – NQO1 (rs1800566) for the formation of a high HPV load (OR = 3.05, 95 % CI = 1.73–5.46; p = 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- A.H. AlBosale
- Al-Dour Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques; Southern Federal University
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10
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Rafael TS, Rotman J, Brouwer OR, van der Poel HG, Mom CH, Kenter GG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1101. [PMID: 35207374 PMCID: PMC8876514 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in almost all cervical cancers and a fraction of vulvar and penile cancers. Due to increasing incidence and low vaccination rates, many will still have to face HPV-related morbidity and mortality in the upcoming years. Current treatment options (i.e., surgery and/or chemoradiation) for urogenital (pre-)malignancies can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects on patients. Moreover, in the setting of advanced disease, responses to current therapies remain poor and nondurable, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies that prevent recurrent disease and improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic strategies in various settings of disease, offering relatively fewer adverse effects and potential improvement in survival. This review discusses immune evasion mechanisms accompanying HPV infection and HPV-related tumorigenesis and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HPV-related (pre-)malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, vulva, and penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynisha S. Rafael
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Jossie Rotman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Oscar R. Brouwer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Henk G. van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Constantijne H. Mom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Gemma G. Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ekaterina S. Jordanova
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
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11
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Zheng K, Egawa N, Shiraz A, Katakuse M, Okamura M, Griffin HM, Doorbar J. The Reservoir of Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection; Strategies for Elimination Using Anti-Viral Therapies. Viruses 2022; 14:214. [PMID: 35215808 PMCID: PMC8876702 DOI: 10.3390/v14020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses have co-evolved with their human host, with each of the over 200 known HPV types infecting distinct epithelial niches to cause diverse disease pathologies. Despite the success of prophylactic vaccines in preventing high-risk HPV infection, the development of HPV anti-viral therapies has been hampered by the lack of enzymatic viral functions, and by difficulties in translating the results of in vitro experiments into clinically useful treatment regimes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in anti-HPV drug development, and highlight the importance of understanding persistent HPV infections for future anti-viral design. In the infected epithelial basal layer, HPV genomes are maintained at a very low copy number, with only limited viral gene expression; factors which allow them to hide from the host immune system. However, HPV gene expression confers an elevated proliferative potential, a delayed commitment to differentiation, and preferential persistence of the infected cell in the epithelial basal layer, when compared to their uninfected neighbours. To a large extent, this is driven by the viral E6 protein, which functions in the HPV life cycle as a modulator of epithelial homeostasis. By targeting HPV gene products involved in the maintenance of the viral reservoir, there appears to be new opportunities for the control or elimination of chronic HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (K.Z.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (K.Z.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Aslam Shiraz
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (K.Z.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Mayako Katakuse
- Kyoto R&D Centre, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto 600-8813, Japan; (M.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Maki Okamura
- Kyoto R&D Centre, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto 600-8813, Japan; (M.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Heather M. Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (K.Z.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (H.M.G.)
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; (K.Z.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (H.M.G.)
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12
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Basic V, Zhang B, Domert J, Pellas U, Tot T. Integrative meta-analysis of gene expression profiles identifies FEN1 and ENDOU as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:840. [PMID: 34712364 PMCID: PMC8548783 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is a global public health burden. Given that it is usually asymptomatic at potentially curative stages, the development of clinically accurate tests is critical for early detection and individual risk stratification. The present study performed an integrative meta-analysis of the transcriptomes from 10 cervical carcinoma cohorts, with the aim of identifying biomarkers that are associated with malignant transformation of cervical epithelium, and establish their clinical applicability. From among the top ranked differentially expressed genes, flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and poly (U)-specific endoribonuclease (ENDOU) were selected for further validation, and their clinical applicability was assessed using immunohistochemically stained microarrays comprising 110 tissue cores, using p16 and Ki67 staining as the comparator tests. The results demonstrated that FEN1 expression was significantly upregulated in 65% of tumor specimens (P=0.0001), with no detectable expression in the non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, its expression was significantly associated with Ki67 staining in tumor samples (P<0.0001), but no association was observed with p16 expression or the presence of human papilloma virus types 16/18, patient age, tumor grade or stage. FEN1 staining demonstrated lower sensitivity than p16 (69.3 vs. 96.8%) and Ki67 (69.3 vs. 76.3%); however, the specificity was identical to p16 and higher than that of Ki67 (100 vs. 71.4%).ENDOU staining was consistent with the microarray results, demonstrating 1% positivity in tumors and 40% positivity in non-tumor tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis of cervical tumors overexpressing FEN1 revealed its association with enhanced growth factor signaling, immune response inhibition and extracellular matrix remodeling, whereas tumors with low ENDOU expression exhibited inhibition of epithelial development and differentiation processes. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate the feasibility of the integrative meta-analysis approach to identify relevant biomarkers associated with cervical carcinogenesis. Thus, FEN1 and ENDOU may be useful diagnostic biomarkers for squamous cervical carcinoma. However, further studies are required to determine their diagnostic performance in larger patient cohorts and validate the results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Basic
- Pathology and Cytology Dalarna, County Hospital Falun, Falun 791 82, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun 791 82, Sweden
| | - Boxi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Jakob Domert
- Pathology and Cytology Dalarna, County Hospital Falun, Falun 791 82, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pellas
- Clinical Research Center Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun 791 82, Sweden
| | - Tibor Tot
- Pathology and Cytology Dalarna, County Hospital Falun, Falun 791 82, Sweden
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13
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The IGF-1 Signaling Pathway in Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081488. [PMID: 34452353 PMCID: PMC8402757 DOI: 10.3390/v13081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) belong to the insulin-like growth factor family, and IGF-1 activates intracellular signaling pathways by binding specifically to IGF-1R. The interaction between IGF-1 and IGF-1R transmits a signal through a number of intracellular substrates, including the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and the Src homology collagen (Shc) proteins, which activate two major intracellular signaling pathways: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, specifically the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. The PI3K/AKT kinase pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. IGF1/IGF-1R signaling also promotes cell differentiation and proliferation via the Ras/MAPK pathway. Moreover, upon IGF-1R activation of the IRS and Shc adaptor proteins, Shc stimulates Raf through the GTPase Ras to activate the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, phosphorylate and several other proteins, and to stimulate cell proliferation. The IGF-1 signaling pathway is required for certain viral effects in oncogenic progression and may be induced as an effect of viral infection. The mechanisms of IGF signaling in animal viral infections need to be clarified, mainly because they are involved in multifactorial signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data obtained from virological studies and to increase our understanding of the complex role of the IGF-1 signaling axis in animal virus infections.
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14
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Song JY, Park YM, Choi SY. Type 2 human papillomavirus E7 attenuates E-cadherin expression in human keratinocytes. J Microbiol 2021; 59:616-625. [PMID: 33779957 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to utilize the down-regulation of epithelial (E)-cadherin, a major component of adherens junctions of keratinocytes, to evade host immune surveillance in high-risk group. However, the effects of HPV on the function of E-cadherin in low-risk groups remain unknown. We investigated whether type 2 HPV (HPV-2) E7 could induce alterations in E-cadherin expression in transiently transfected keratinocytes and cell lines expressing HPV-2 E7. To examine the expression pattern of E-cadherin in cutaneous warts and normal skin samples, immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, luciferase assays, western blot, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin in normal human epidermal keratinocytes transfected with HPV-2 E7 plasmid DNA or E7-specific siRNA and in E7-expressing cell lines. E-cadherin expression levels in HPV-2 positive cutaneous warts were significantly decreased compared to those in normal skin (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin in E7 transiently transfected cells were significantly decreased compared to those in empty vector-transfected cells. The decreases were restored by transfection with E7-specific siRNA (p < 0.05). Likewise, cell lines expressing E7 showed a decreased expression of E-cadherin. When the cells were cultured in low attachment plates, cell-to-cell aggregation was inhibited. Taken together, our data suggest that HPV-2 E7, the causative agent of cutaneous warts, could mediate the transcriptional repression of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
- Program of Immunology & Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Program of Immunology & Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Vats A, Trejo-Cerro O, Thomas M, Banks L. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7: What remains? Tumour Virus Res 2021; 11:200213. [PMID: 33716206 PMCID: PMC7972986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research on the human papillomavirus oncogenes, E6 and E7, have given us huge amounts of data on their expression, functions and structures. We know much about the very many cellular proteins and pathways that they influence in one way or another. However, much of this information is quite discrete, referring to one activity examined under one condition. It is now time to join the dots to try to understand a larger picture: how, where and when do all these interactions occur... and why? Examining these questions will also show how many of the yet obscure cellular processes work together for cellular and tissue homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Vats
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Oscar Trejo-Cerro
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
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16
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Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: Case Series and Review of Technique. Surg Technol Int 2021. [PMID: 33844241 DOI: 10.52198/21.sti.38.gs1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease caused by the human papilloma virus in which papilloma grows from the respiratory epithelium. Patients can suffer from significant respiratory distress secondary to tracheal or bronchial obstruction by papilloma and the mainstay of treatment is bronchoscopic debridement. There are a variety of techniques to resect the endoluminal tumor, including CO2 or YAG laser, argon plasma coagulation, microdebrider and cold forceps. There have been documented cases of healthcare workers contracting HPV after exposure to surgical smoke during ablation of papilloma and measures should be taken to avoid inhalation of the smoke plume. For proximal lesions that are accessible to a microdebrider, this appears to be a safe and effective technique that does not generate heat or surgical smoke. The rate of recurrence of adult-onset respiratory papilloma after initial debulking varies and adjuvant medical therapy including intralesional cidofovir, interferon, or oral indole-3-carbinol has been used to slow recurrence. Malignant transformation of adult-onset RRP to squamous cell carcinoma has been reported to occur in 3-7% of cases. Therefore, ongoing surveillance is needed to monitor for disease progression and malignant transformation. Here we describe three patients whose tracheal disease was managed with an Nd-YAG laser and microdebrider. One patient was treated with adjuvant systemic indole-3 carbinol and another was maintained with serial debridement only. The third patient presented with obstructing squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and was treated with definitive chemoradiation. She presented with a new left mainstem lesion 6 months later which was diagnosed as RRP. She was started on indole-3 carbinol, but unfortunately it transformed to squamous cell carcinoma 8 months later.
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Rasi Bonab F, Baghbanzadeh A, Ghaseminia M, Bolandi N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Amini M, Dadashzadeh K, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Molecular pathways in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:320-337. [PMID: 33746665 PMCID: PMC7975633 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) has gained considerable attention in cervical cancer research studies. It is one of the most important sexually transmitted diseases that can affect 160 to 289 out of 10000 persons every year. Due to the infectious nature of this virus, HPV can be considered a serious threat. The knowledge of viral structure, especially for viral oncoproteins like E6, E7, and their role in causing cancer is very important. This virus has different paths (PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, and JAK/STAT) that are involved in the transmission of signaling paths through active molecules like MEK (pMEK), ERK (pERK), and Akt (pAkt). It's eventually through these paths that cancer is developed. Precise knowledge of these paths and their signals give us the prognosis to adopt appropriate goals for prevention and control of these series of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Rasi Bonab
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moslem Ghaseminia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Dadashzadeh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Morgan EL, Macdonald A. Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2020; 12:E977. [PMID: 32899142 PMCID: PMC7552066 DOI: 10.3390/v12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L. Morgan
- Tumour Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, West Yorkshire, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, West Yorkshire, UK
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19
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Fu Y, Cao R, Schäfer M, Stephan S, Braspenning-Wesch I, Schmitt L, Bischoff R, Müller M, Schäfer K, Vinzón SE, Rösl F, Hasche D. Expression of different L1 isoforms of Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus as mechanism to circumvent adaptive immunity. eLife 2020; 9:e57626. [PMID: 32746966 PMCID: PMC7402679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many high-risk mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) theoretically have the potential to synthesize L1 isoforms differing in length, previous seroepidemiological studies only focused on the short L1 variants, co-assembling with L2 to infectious virions. Using the multimammate mouse Mastomys coucha as preclinical model, this is the first study demonstrating seroconversion against different L1 isoforms during the natural course of papillomavirus infection. Intriguingly, positivity with the cutaneous MnPV was accompanied by a strong seroresponse against a longer L1 isoform, but to our surprise, the raised antibodies were non-neutralizing. Only after a delay of around 4 months, protecting antibodies against the short L1 appeared, enabling the virus to successfully establish an infection. This argues for a novel humoral immune escape mechanism that may also have important implications on the interpretation of epidemiological data in terms of seropositivity and protection of PV infections in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fu
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Rui Cao
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Miriam Schäfer
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sonja Stephan
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ilona Braspenning-Wesch
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Laura Schmitt
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ralf Bischoff
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Research Program 'Functional and Structural Genomics', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Müller
- Research Group Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kai Schäfer
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sabrina E Vinzón
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rösl
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Daniel Hasche
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program 'Infection, Inflammation and Cancer', German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
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20
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Wu S, Wu Y, Lu Y, Yue Y, Cui C, Yu M, Wang S, Liu M, Zhao Y, Sun Z. STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load predict cervical lesion progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:28. [PMID: 32774501 PMCID: PMC7405543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. It is important to explore these mechanisms in order to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The present study determined the association between STAT1 and human papillomavirus (HPV)16 in cervical lesions. STAT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR was used to detect HPV16 viral load and STAT1 expression in cervical lesions. The potential associations among STAT1 expression, HPV16 viral load and the severity of cervical lesions in patients were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze STAT1 expression and survival. High STAT1 expression was observed in 10.71 (3/28), 41.18 (14/34), 53.06 (26/49) and 90.00% (27/30) of normal tissue, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples, respectively. The HPV16 copy number gradually increased with the progression of cervical lesions, with the highest copy number observed in cervical cancer samples. In addition, STAT1 expression was positively correlated with HPV16 viral load. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load was able to differentiate between LSIL/HSIL and cervical cancer samples. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that STAT1 expression was associated with improved survival in cervical cancer. Additionally, STAT1 expression was positively associated with the progression of cervical lesions, and HPV16 viral load may affect STAT1 expression. Overall, these findings indicate that STAT1 may be an indicator of the status of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Changwan Cui
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical Examination Center, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Sun
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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21
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Suppression of a Subset of Interferon-Induced Genes by Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 via a Cyclin Dependent Kinase 8-Dependent Mechanism. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030311. [PMID: 32183180 PMCID: PMC7150855 DOI: 10.3390/v12030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes of the squamous epithelia, can lead to the development of cervical and other cancers. The viral oncoprotein E7 contributes to viral persistence in part by regulating host gene expression through binding host transcriptional regulators, although mechanisms responsible for E7-mediated transcriptional regulation are incompletely understood. Type I IFN signaling promotes the expression of anti-viral genes, called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), through the phosphorylation and activation of STAT1. In this study, we have observed that the CR3 domain of E7 contributes to the episomal maintenance of viral genomes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that E7 transcriptionally suppresses a subset of ISGs but not through regulation of STAT1 activation. Instead, we discovered that E7 associates with Mediator kinase CDK8 and this is correlated with the recruitment of CDK8 to ISG promoters and reduced ISG expression. E7 fails to suppress ISGs in the absence of CDK8, indicating that CDK8 function contributes to the suppression of ISGs by E7. Altogether, E7/CDK8 association may be a novel mechanism by which E7 inhibits innate immune signaling.
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22
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Pujantell M, Badia R, Galván-Femenía I, Garcia-Vidal E, de Cid R, Alcalde C, Tarrats A, Piñol M, Garcia F, Chamorro AM, Revollo B, Videla S, Parés D, Corral J, Tural C, Sirera G, Esté JA, Ballana E, Riveira-Muñoz E. ADAR1 function affects HPV replication and is associated to recurrent human papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in HIV coinfected individuals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19848. [PMID: 31882741 PMCID: PMC6934649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) alters the microenvironment of keratinocytes as a mechanism to evade the immune system. A-to-I editing by ADAR1 has been reported to regulate innate immunity in response to viral infections. Here, we evaluated the role of ADAR1 in HPV infection in vitro and in vivo. Innate immune activation was characterized in human keratinocyte cell lines constitutively infected or not with HPV. ADAR1 knockdown induced an innate immune response through enhanced expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) signaling cascade, over-production of type-I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ADAR1 knockdown enhanced expression of HPV proteins, a process dependent on innate immune function as no A-to-I editing could be identified in HPV transcripts. A genetic association study was performed in a cohort of HPV/HIV infected individuals followed for a median of 6 years (range 0.1-24). We identified the low frequency haplotype AACCAT significantly associated with recurrent HPV dysplasia, suggesting a role of ADAR1 in the outcome of HPV infection in HIV+ individuals. In summary, our results suggest that ADAR1-mediated innate immune activation may influence HPV disease outcome, therefore indicating that modification of innate immune effectors regulated by ADAR1 could be a therapeutic strategy against HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pujantell
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Badia
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Iván Galván-Femenía
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab Group - Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Edurne Garcia-Vidal
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab Group - Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alcalde
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antonio Tarrats
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Piñol
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Garcia
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana M Chamorro
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Boris Revollo
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Videla
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Parés
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Tural
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Guillem Sirera
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain.
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Ester Ballana
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain.
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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23
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Paradowska E, Jabłońska A, Studzińska M, Wilczyński M, Wilczyński JR. Detection and genotyping of CMV and HPV in tumors and fallopian tubes from epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19935. [PMID: 31882737 PMCID: PMC6934444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections are detected in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. Since the fallopian tubes are often affected by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the majority of serous EOCs appear to originate from dysplastic lesions in the distal tube, it is relevant to consider the potential role that infectious agents may play in ovarian carcinogenesis. We sought to analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in EOC tissue and fallopian tube specimens obtained at tumor resection. Ovarian cancer and fallopian tube tissue samples obtained from patients with EOC were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative PCR to detect and quantify viral DNA. The presence of CMV and HPV DNA was detected in 70% and 74% cancerous ovarian tissues, respectively, and was significantly higher in EOC than in benign tumor cases (P ≤ 0.01). CMV or HPV infection was observed also in the fallopian tube samples. Infection with HPV16 was determined in 70% of EOC cases. Almost two thirds of EOC patients demonstrated coinfection with CMV and HPV in the pathological samples. The results revealed that the presence of CMV and HPV in EOC samples is common. CMV and HPV infections can be potential risks for EOC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jabłońska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Studzińska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Oncological Gynecology, Polish Mother's Health Center Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Mukanyangezi MF, Rugwizangoga B, Manzi O, Rulisa S, Hellstrand K, Tobin G, Martner A, Bienvenu E, Giglio D. Persistence rate of cervical human papillomavirus infections and abnormal cytology in Rwanda. HIV Med 2019; 20:485-495. [PMID: 31318136 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined the incidence and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) strains and of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) or worse cytology in 237 HIV-positive and HIV-negative Rwandan women and whether the interleukin (IL)-28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs12979860 correlated with susceptibility to and persistence of HPV infection. METHODS Cervical samples were collected at baseline and after 9, 18 and 24 months for a 40-HPV DNA screening test and a ThinPrep Pap test. Genotyping of the IL-28B SNP rs12979860 was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Chronic high-risk (HR) HPV infections occurred in 56% of HIV-positive women, while no HIV-negative women developed HPV chronicity. High-grade SIL (HSIL) or cancer was diagnosed in 38% of HIV-positive women with persistent HR-HPV infections. HIV and HR-HPV positivity at baseline were factors associated with an increased risk of HPV persistence. Additionally, HR-HPV positivity at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing HSIL or worse cytology. The unfavourable T/x genotype at rs12979860 is common among Africans, and women with this genotype were found to be more commonly infected with HPV. CONCLUSIONS HPV screening in Rwanda may help to identify women at risk of developing cervical cancer and polymorphism in IL-28B may be associated with risk of contracting HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mukanyangezi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - B Rugwizangoga
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Tumour Immunology (TIMM) Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - O Manzi
- University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - S Rulisa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - K Hellstrand
- Tumour Immunology (TIMM) Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Martner
- Tumour Immunology (TIMM) Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Bienvenu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - D Giglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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The Host-Microbe Interplay in Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070199. [PMID: 31337018 PMCID: PMC6680694 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year nearly half a million new cases of cervix cancer are diagnosed worldwide, making this malignancy the fourth commonest cancer in women. In 2018, more than 270,000 women died of cervix cancer globally with 85% of them being from developing countries. The majority of these cancers are caused by the infection with carcinogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is also causally implicated in the development of other malignancies, including cancer of the anus, penis cancer and head and neck cancer. HPV is by far the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, however, most infected people do not develop cancer and do not even have a persistent infection. The development of highly effective HPV vaccines against most common high-risk HPV strains is a great medical achievement of the 21st century that could prevent up to 90% of cervix cancers. In this article, we review the current understanding of the balanced virus-host interaction that can lead to either virus elimination or the establishment of persistent infection and ultimately malignant transformation. We also highlight the influence of certain factors inherent to the host, including the immune status, genetic variants and the coexistence of other microbe infections and microbiome composition in the dynamic of HPV infection induced carcinogenesis.
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26
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Human Papilloma Virus and Chlamydia trachomatis: Casual Acquaintances or Partners in Crime? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Disables the Increased Natural Killer Cells in Early Lesions of the Cervix. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9182979. [PMID: 31183395 PMCID: PMC6512046 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9182979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism for pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cervix has been investigated intensively. However, detailed differences in the distribution and function of innate immune cells between high-risk HPV types, especially during the chronic inflammation phase, have not been described fully. In this study, histologic pathology results of 245 women with HPV type 16 only (HPV16+) or type 18 only (HPV18+) were analyzed retrospectively from January 2015 to November 2016. More severe lesions of the cervix were observed in HPV16+ women compared with those in HPV18+ women. In total, 212 cervical brush specimens were collected from women suffering from chronic inflammation, HPV16+, or HPV18+ from December 2016 to December 2018. Flow cytometry analysis showed that abundant NK cells along with aberrant Treg cells were found in the HPV16-infected cervix. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that higher expression levels of IFN-γ but muted IL-2 and KLRG-1 expression was detected in the cervix of patients with HPV16+ compared to HPV18+, which were further confirmed using 20 paraffin sections of cervical conization tissue. The ex vivo cytotoxicity experiment showed that the cytotoxicity of NK cells was significantly decreased in the cervix of HPV16+ patients compared with that of HPV18+ patients. Collectively, our results suggested that HPV16 disables the increased NK cells in the early lesion of the cervix, indicating that the local immune system of the cervix is hyporesponsive to HPV16 infection and this may explain its bias for malignant transformation.
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28
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García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Rojas-Villarraga A, Molano-González N, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Munguía-Realpozo P, Colombo AL, Cervera R. Prevalence of cervical HPV infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:184-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative of a group of clinically papillary lesions. The HPV-related lesions of the oral cavity include squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia. Benign entities, such as verruciform xanthoma or giant cell fibroma, as well as malignancies, such as papillary squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma, may be considered in the clinical and/or histologic differential diagnoses of these lesions. Mechanisms of infection, epidemiology, clinical presentations, histologic features, and differential diagnoses of the HPV-related oral pathologies are discussed. Current concepts of viral transmission, especially as pertaining to lesions in pediatric patients, and the impacts of HPV vaccination are reviewed.
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30
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Torcia MG. Interplay among Vaginal Microbiome, Immune Response and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020266. [PMID: 30641869 PMCID: PMC6359169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal ecosystem is important for women's health and for a successful reproductive life, and an optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis. The vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus species in the majority of women. Loss of Lactobacillus dominance promotes the colonization by anaerobic bacterial species with an increase in microbial diversity. Vaginal dysbiosis is a very frequent condition which affects the immune homeostasis, inducing a rupture in the epithelial barrier and favoring infection by sexually transmitted pathogens. In this review, we describe the known interactions among immune cells and microbial commensals which govern health or disease status. Particular attention is given to microbiota compositions which, through interplay with immune cells, facilitate the establishment of viral infections, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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31
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Maestri CA, Nisihara R, Mendes HW, Jensenius J, Thiel S, Messias-Reason I, de Carvalho NS. MASP-1 and MASP-2 Serum Levels Are Associated With Worse Prognostic in Cervical Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2742. [PMID: 30532757 PMCID: PMC6265985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp-44, and MAp-19) are key factors in the activation of the lectin pathway of complement. Serum levels of these components have been associated with recurrence and poor survival of some types of cancer, such as colorectal and ovarian cancer. In this investigation, we determined the serum levels of MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp-44, and MAp-19 in patients with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods:A total of 351 women who underwent screening for cervical cancer or treatment at the Erasto Gaertner Cancer Hospital in Curitiba-Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Based on their latest cervical colposcopy-guided biopsy results, they were divided into four groups: CIN-I: n = 52; CIN-II: n = 73; CIN-III: n = 141; and invasive cancer: n = 78. All the serum protein levels were determined by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TRIFMA). Results:Patients with invasive cancer presented significantly higher MASP-2, MASP-1, and MAp-19 serum levels than other groups (p < 0.0001; p = 0.012; p = 0.025 respectively). No statistically significant differences in MASP-3 and MAp-44 serum levels were found between the four studied groups. In addition, high MASP-2, MASP-1, and MAp-19 serum levels were significantly associated with poor survival in patients with invasive cancer and relapse (p = 0.002, p = 0.0035 and p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusion:High MASP-2, MASP-1, and MAp-19 serum levels were associated with cervical cancer progression and worse disease prognosis. These novel findings demonstrate the involvement of the serine proteases of the lectin pathway in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and future investigations should clarify their role in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Afonso Maestri
- Liga Paranaense de Combate ao Câncer, Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil.,Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hellen Weinschutz Mendes
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jens Jensenius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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32
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Thomas M, Banks L. Upsetting the Balance: When Viruses Manipulate Cell Polarity Control. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3481-3503. [PMID: 29680664 PMCID: PMC7094317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central importance of cell polarity control is emphasized by the frequency with which it is targeted by many diverse viruses. It is clear that in targeting key polarity control proteins, viruses affect not only host cell polarity, but also influence many cellular processes, including transcription, replication, and innate and acquired immunity. Examination of the interactions of different virus proteins with the cell and its polarity controls during the virus life cycles, and in virally-induced cell transformation shows ever more clearly how intimately all cellular processes are linked to the control of cell polarity.
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