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Saraf A, Gurjar R, Kaviraj S, Kulkarni A, Kumar D, Kulkarni R, Virkar R, Krishnan J, Yadav A, Baranwal E, Singh A, Raghuwanshi A, Agarwal P, Savergave L, Singh S. An Omicron-specific, self-amplifying mRNA booster vaccine for COVID-19: a phase 2/3 randomized trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:1363-1372. [PMID: 38637636 PMCID: PMC11108772 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we conducted a multicenter open-label, randomized phase 2 and 3 study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron-specific (BA.1/B.1.1.529), monovalent, thermostable, self-amplifying mRNA vaccine, GEMCOVAC-OM, when administered intradermally as a booster in healthy adults who had received two doses of BBV152 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. GEMCOVAC-OM was well tolerated with no related serious adverse events in both phase 2 and phase 3. In phase 2, the safety and immunogenicity of GEMCOVAC-OM was compared with our prototype mRNA vaccine GEMCOVAC-19 (D614G variant-specific) in 140 participants. At day 29 after vaccination, there was a significant rise in anti-spike (BA.1) IgG antibodies with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001) and GEMCOVAC-19 (P < 0.0001). However, the IgG titers (primary endpoint) and seroconversion were higher with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001). In phase 3, GEMCOVAC-OM was compared with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 3,140 participants (safety cohort), which included an immunogenicity cohort of 420 participants. At day 29, neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher than baseline in the GEMCOVAC-OM arm (P < 0.0001), but not in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 arm (P = 0.1490). GEMCOVAC-OM was noninferior (primary endpoint) and superior to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in terms of neutralizing antibody titers and seroconversion rate (lower bound 95% confidence interval of least square geometric mean ratio >1 and difference in seroconversion >0% for superiority). At day 29, anti-spike IgG antibodies and seroconversion (secondary endpoints) were significantly higher with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that GEMCOVAC-OM is safe and boosts immune responses against the B.1.1.529 variant. Clinical Trial Registry India identifier: CTRI/2022/10/046475 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saraf
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, India
| | - Rashmi Virkar
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, India
| | | | | | - Ekta Baranwal
- JSS Medical Research, Haryana, India
- Cytel, Pune, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India.
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Oladejo M, Tijani AO, Puri A, Chablani L. Adjuvants in cutaneous vaccination: A comprehensive analysis. J Control Release 2024; 369:475-492. [PMID: 38569943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier from physical, thermal, and mechanical environmental challenges. Alongside, the skin hosts key immune system players, such as the professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like the Langerhans cells in the epidermis and circulating macrophages in the blood. Further, the literature supports that the APCs can be activated by antigen or vaccine delivery via multiple routes of administration through the skin. Once activated, the stimulated APCs drain to the associated lymph nodes and gain access to the lymphatic system. This further allows the APCs to engage with the adaptive immune system and activate cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, vaccine delivery via skin offers advantages such as reliable antigen delivery, superior immunogenicity, and convenient delivery. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of vaccine delivery using various routes of administration via skin. However, such vaccines often employ adjuvant/(s), along with the antigen of interest. Adjuvants augment the immune response to a vaccine antigen and improve the therapeutic efficacy. Due to these reasons, adjuvants have been successfully used with infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-mediated diseases. To capture these developments, this review will summarize preclinical and clinical study results of vaccine delivery via skin in the presence of adjuvants. A focused discussion regarding the FDA-approved adjuvants will address the experiences of using such adjuvant-containing vaccines. In addition, the challenges and regulatory concerns with these adjuvants will be discussed. Finally, the review will share the prospects of adjuvant-containing vaccines delivered via skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
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Guan X, Pei Y, Song J. DNA-Based Nonviral Gene Therapy─Challenging but Promising. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:427-453. [PMID: 38198640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in utilizing nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA molecules, for therapeutic purposes. For DNA molecules, although various DNA delivery systems have been established, viral vector systems are the go-to choice for large-scale commercial applications. However, viral systems have certain disadvantages such as immune response, limited payload capacity, insertional mutagenesis and pre-existing immunity. In contrast, nonviral systems are less immunogenic, not size limited, safer, and easier for manufacturing compared with viral systems. What's more, nonviral DNA vectors have demonstrated their capacity to mediate specific protein expression in vivo for diverse therapeutic objectives containing a wide range of diseases such as cancer, rare diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases, yielding promising therapeutic outcomes. However, exogenous plasmid DNA is prone to degrade and has poor immunogenicity in vivo. Thus, various strategies have been developed: (i) designing novel plasmids with special structures, (ii) optimizing plasmid sequences for higher expression, and (iii) developing more efficient nonviral DNA delivery systems. Based on these strategies, many interesting clinical results have been reported. This Review discusses the development of DNA-based nonviral gene therapy, including novel plasmids, nonviral delivery systems, clinical advances, and prospects. These developments hold great potential for enhancing the efficacy and safety of nonviral gene therapy and expanding its applications in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Guan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yufeng Pei
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Kisakov DN, Belyakov IM, Kisakova LA, Yakovlev VA, Tigeeva EV, Karpenko LI. The use of electroporation to deliver DNA-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:102-123. [PMID: 38063059 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2292772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleic acids represent a promising platform for creating vaccines. One disadvantage of this approach is its relatively low immunogenicity. Electroporation (EP) is an effective way to increase the DNA vaccines immunogenicity. However, due to the different configurations of devices used for EP, EP protocols optimization is required not only to enhance immunogenicity, but also to ensure greater safety and tolerability of the EP procedure. AREA COVERED An data analysis for recent years on the DNA vaccines delivery against viral and parasitic infections using EP was carried out. The study of various EP physical characteristics, such as frequency, pulse duration, pulse interval, should be considered along with the immunogenic construct design and the site of delivery of the vaccine, through the study of the immunogenic and protective characteristics of the latter. EXPERT OPINION Future research should focus on regulating the humoral and cellular response required for protection against infectious agents by modifying the EP protocol. Significant efforts will be directed to establishing the possibility of redirecting the immune response toward the Th1 or Th2 response by changing the EP physical parameters. It will allow for an individual selective approach during EP, depending on the pathogen type of an infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis N Kisakov
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Igor M Belyakov
- Department of medico-biological disciplines, Moscow University for Industry and Finance "Synergy", Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov A Kisakova
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Yakovlev
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Elena V Tigeeva
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Larisa I Karpenko
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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Kantor J, Vanderslott S, Morrison M, Pollard AJ, Carlisle RC. The Oxford Needle Experience (ONE) scale: a UK-based and US-based online mixed-methods psychometric development and validation study of an instrument to assess needle fear, attitudes and expectations in the general public. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074466. [PMID: 38097240 PMCID: PMC10729041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate the Oxford Needle Experience (ONE) scale, an instrument to assess needle fear, attitudes and expectations in the general population. DESIGN Cross-sectional validation study. SETTING Internet-based with participants in the UK and USA. PARTICIPANTS UK and US representative samples stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity using the Prolific Academic platform. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Exploratory factor analysis with categorical variables and a polychoric correlation matrix followed by promax oblique rotation on the UK sample for the ONE scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a Satorra-Bentler scaled test statistic evaluating the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), standardised root mean squared residual (SRMR) and comparative fit index (CFI) on the US sample. Reliability as internal consistency using McDonald's omega. Convergent validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Predictive and discriminant validity using logistic regression ORs of association (OR). RESULTS The population included 1000 respondents, 500 in the UK and 500 in the USA. Minimum average partial correlation and a scree plot suggested four factors should be retained: injection hesitancy, blood-related hesitancy, recalled negative experiences and perceived benefits, yielding a 19-question scale. On CFA, the RMSEA was 0.070 (90% CI, 0.064 to 0.077), SRMR 0.053 and CFI 0.925. McDonald's omega was 0.92 and 0.93 in the UK and US samples, respectively. Convergent validity with the four-item Oxford Coronavirus Explanations, Attitudes and Narratives Survey (OCEANS) needle fear scale demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.83). Predictive validity with a single-question COVID-19 vaccination status question demonstrated a strong association, OR (95% CI) 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98), p<0.0001 in the US sample. Discriminant validity with a question regarding the importance of controlling what enters the body confirmed the ONE score does not predict this unrelated outcome, OR 1.00 (0.99, 1.01), p=0.996 in the US sample. CONCLUSIONS The ONE scale is a reliable and valid multidimensional scale that may be useful in predicting vaccine hesitancy, designing public health interventions to improve vaccine uptake and exploring alternatives to needles for medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kantor
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biomedical Ultrasonics, Biotherapy, and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory (BUBBL), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Global Health, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Morrison
- Centre for Health, Law, and Emerging Technologies (HeLEX), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Robert C Carlisle
- Biomedical Ultrasonics, Biotherapy, and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory (BUBBL), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Phoka T, Thanuthanakhun N, Visitchanakun P, Dueanphen N, Wanichwecharungruang N, Leelahavanichkul A, Palaga T, Ruxrungtham K, Wanichwecharungruang S. Detachable-dissolvable-microneedle as a potent subunit vaccine delivery device that requires no cold-chain. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100398. [PMID: 37920235 PMCID: PMC10618702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccine administration by microneedles has been demonstrated, delivery reliability issues have prevented their implementation. Through an ex vivo porcine skin experiment, we show visual evidence indicating that detachable dissolvable microneedles (DDMN) can deposit cargo into the dermis with insignificant loss of cargo to the stratum corneum. Using ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen vaccine, as a cargo, the ex vivo experiments yielded a delivery efficiency of 86.08 ± 4.16 %. At room temperature, OVA could be stabilized for up to 35 days in DDMN made from hyaluronic acid and trehalose. The DDMN matrix could improve the denaturation temperature of the OVA from around 70-120 °C to over 150 °C, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetric analysis. In vivo delivery of OVA antigen into the mice's skin via DDMN elicited 10 times higher specific antibody responses compared to conventional intramuscular injection. We envision DDMN as an effective, precise dosing, intradermal vaccine delivery system that may require no cold-chain, offers a dose-sparing effect, and can be administered easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerapat Phoka
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Thailand
| | - Narintorn Dueanphen
- The Petrochemistry and Polymer Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (ChulaVRC) and School of Global Health, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Clemente B, Denis M, Silveira CP, Schiavetti F, Brazzoli M, Stranges D. Straight to the point: targeted mRNA-delivery to immune cells for improved vaccine design. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294929. [PMID: 38090568 PMCID: PMC10711611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the deepening of our understanding of adaptive immunity at the cellular and molecular level, targeting antigens directly to immune cells has proven to be a successful strategy to develop innovative and potent vaccines. Indeed, it offers the potential to increase vaccine potency and/or modulate immune response quality while reducing off-target effects. With mRNA-vaccines establishing themselves as a versatile technology for future applications, in the last years several approaches have been explored to target nanoparticles-enabled mRNA-delivery systems to immune cells, with a focus on dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and key mediators of B- and T-cell immunity, and therefore considered as an ideal target for cell-specific antigen delivery. Indeed, improved potency of DC-targeted vaccines has been proved in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the potential specific targets for immune system-directed mRNA delivery, as well as the different targeting ligand classes and delivery systems used for this purpose.
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Han S, Lee P, Choi HJ. Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2114. [PMID: 37631328 PMCID: PMC10458847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.H.); (P.L.)
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9
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Tanaka R, Hiramitsu M, Shimizu S, Kawashima S, Sato A, Iwase Y. Efficient drug delivery to lymph nodes by intradermal administration and enhancement of anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100740. [PMID: 37437382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel immunotherapy drugs that have improved cancer treatments. Yet only a small percentage of patients experience durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recently, it has been suggested that lymph nodes are important for the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, it is still unclear whether the efficient anti-PD-L1 antibody delivery to tumor-draining lymph nodes improves drug efficacy. In this study, we first characterized lymphatic drug delivery by intradermal administration compared with conventional subcutaneous and systemic administration in rodents and non-human primates. The results confirmed that intradermal administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors is suitable for efficient delivery to the tumor-draining lymph node. In FM3A and EMT6 tumor mice models with different PD-L1 expressions in tumor, efficient delivery of anti-PD-L1 antibody to tumor-draining lymph node by intradermal administration resulted in efficient inhibition of tumor growth in both models. The intradermal administration of low-dose anti-PD-L1 antibody also significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to intraperitoneal administration. It also suppressed tumor growth regardless of PD-L1 expression in tumors, suggesting the importance of blocking PD-L1 in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Hence, efficient delivery by intradermal administration of anti-PD-L1 antibody to tumor-draining lymph node might to be helpful to enhance drug efficacy and potentially reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiramitsu
- Bioresearch Center, Technology Coordination Office, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shimizu
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Shiori Kawashima
- Bioresearch Center, Technology Coordination Office, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Bioresearch Center, Technology Coordination Office, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwase
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan.
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Lee B, Nanishi E, Levy O, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccinology Approaches for the Development of Adjuvanted Vaccines Targeted to Distinct Vulnerable Populations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1766. [PMID: 37376214 PMCID: PMC10305121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection persists as one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, with particular burden at the extremes of age and in populations who are immunocompromised or suffer chronic co-morbid diseases. By focusing discovery and innovation efforts to better understand the phenotypic and mechanistic differences in the immune systems of diverse vulnerable populations, emerging research in precision vaccine discovery and development has explored how to optimize immunizations across the lifespan. Here, we focus on two key elements of precision vaccinology, as applied to epidemic/pandemic response and preparedness, including (a) selecting robust combinations of adjuvants and antigens, and (b) coupling these platforms with appropriate formulation systems. In this context, several considerations exist, including the intended goals of immunization (e.g., achieving immunogenicity versus lessening transmission), reducing the likelihood of adverse reactogenicity, and optimizing the route of administration. Each of these considerations is accompanied by several key challenges. On-going innovation in precision vaccinology will expand and target the arsenal of vaccine components for protection of vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden Lee
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sonoda J, Mizoguchi I, Inoue S, Watanabe A, Sekine A, Yamagishi M, Miyakawa S, Yamaguchi N, Horio E, Katahira Y, Hasegawa H, Hasegawa T, Yamashita K, Yoshimoto T. A Promising Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector for Augmentation of Immunity by Intradermal Injection as a Physical Adjuvant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109094. [PMID: 37240448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current worldwide mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 by intramuscular injection using a needled syringe has greatly protected numerous people from COVID-19. An intramuscular injection is generally well tolerated, safer and easier to perform on a large scale, whereas the skin has the benefit of the presence of numerous immune cells, such as professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Therefore, intradermal injection is considered superior to intramuscular injection for the induction of protective immunity, but more proficiency is required for the injection. To improve these issues, several different types of more versatile jet injectors have been developed to deliver DNAs, proteins or drugs by high jet velocity through the skin without a needle. Among them, a new needle-free pyro-drive jet injector has a unique characteristic that utilizes gunpower as a mechanical driving force, in particular, bi-phasic pyrotechnics to provoke high jet velocity and consequently the wide dispersion of the injected DNA solution in the skin. A significant amount of evidence has revealed that it is highly effective as a vaccinating tool to induce potent protective cellular and humoral immunity against cancers and infectious diseases. This is presumably explained by the fact that shear stress generated by the high jet velocity facilitates the uptake of DNA in the cells and, consequently, its protein expression. The shear stress also possibly elicits danger signals which, together with the plasmid DNA, subsequently induces the activation of innate immunity including dendritic cell maturation, leading to the establishment of adaptive immunity. This review summarizes the recent advances in needle-free jet injectors to augment the cellular and humoral immunity by intradermal injection and the possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukito Sonoda
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miu Yamagishi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Eri Horio
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, CoMIT 0603, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, CoMIT 0603, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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12
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Puigmal N, Ramos V, Artzi N, Borrós S. Poly(β-amino ester)s-Based Delivery Systems for Targeted Transdermal Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041262. [PMID: 37111746 PMCID: PMC10143071 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have become a transformative technology to fight emerging infectious diseases and cancer. Delivery of such via the transdermal route could boost their efficacy given the complex immune cell reservoir present in the skin that is capable of engendering robust immune responses. We have generated a novel library of vectors derived from poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) including oligopeptide-termini and a natural ligand, mannose, for targeted transfection of antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as Langerhans cells and macrophages in the dermal milieu. Our results reaffirmed terminal decoration of PBAEs with oligopeptide chains as a powerful tool to induce cell-specific transfection, identifying an outstanding candidate with a ten-fold increased transfection efficiency over commercial controls in vitro. The inclusion of mannose in the PBAE backbone rendered an additive effect and increased transfection levels, achieving superior gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and other accessory antigen presenting cells. Moreover, top performing candidates were capable of mediating surface gene transfer when deposited as polyelectrolyte films onto transdermal devices such as microneedles, offering alternatives to conventional hypodermic administration. We predict that the use of highly efficient delivery vectors derived from PBAEs could advance clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccination over protein- and peptide-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puigmal
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Víctor Ramos
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Itoh E, Shimizu S, Ami Y, Iwase Y, Someya Y. Dose-sparing effect of Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine produced in Japan by intradermal injection device for rats. Biologicals 2023; 82:101677. [PMID: 37031619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated oral polio vaccine has long been used as the standard for polio prevention, but in order to minimize the emergence of pathogenic revertants, the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, is being increasingly demanded worldwide. However, there is a global shortage of IPV, and its cost is an obstacle in developing countries. Therefore, dose-sparing with intradermal administration of IPV has been investigated. In this study, rats were immunized by intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) administration of Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) produced in Japan, and the immune responses were evaluated. The results showed that one-fifth (1/5)-dose of ID administration yielded neutralizing antibody titers comparable to the full-dose IM administration, whereas 1/5-dose of IM administration was less effective than the full dose. Furthermore, a vertical puncture-type ID injection device (Immucise) that was originally developed for humans was modified for rats, resulting in successful and stable ID administration into the thin skin of rats. Based on these results, the ID administration of sIPV using Immucise in clinical use is expected to offer benefits such as reduced amounts of vaccine per dose, cost-effectiveness, and thereby the feasibility of vaccination for more people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Itoh
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shimizu
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwase
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Someya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
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14
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Zheng Y, Ye R, Gong X, Yang J, Liu B, Xu Y, Nie G, Xie X, Jiang L. Iontophoresis-driven microneedle patch for the active transdermal delivery of vaccine macromolecules. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 36987502 PMCID: PMC10040928 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has seriously threatened public health, and transdermal vaccination is an effective way to prevent pathogen infection. Microneedles (MNs) can damage the stratum corneum to allow passive diffusion of vaccine macromolecules, but the delivery efficiency is low, while iontophoresis can actively promote transdermal delivery but fails to transport vaccine macromolecules due to the barrier of the stratum corneum. Herein, we developed a wearable iontophoresis-driven MN patch and its iontophoresis-driven device for active and efficient transdermal vaccine macromolecule delivery. Polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogels with good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, high elasticity, and a large loading capacity were prepared as the key component for vaccine storage and active iontophoresis. The transdermal vaccine delivery strategy of the iontophoresis-driven MN patch is "press and poke, iontophoresis-driven delivery, and immune response". We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of MN puncture and iontophoresis significantly promoted transdermal vaccine delivery efficiency. In vitro experiments showed that the amount of ovalbumin delivered transdermally using the iontophoresis-driven MN patch could be controlled by the iontophoresis current. In vivo immunization studies in BALB/c mice demonstrated that transdermal inoculation of ovalbumin using an iontophoresis-driven MN patch induced an effective immune response that was even stronger than that of traditional intramuscular injection. Moreover, there was little concern about the biosafety of the iontophoresis-driven MN patch. This delivery system has a low cost, is user-friendly, and displays active delivery, showing great potential for vaccine self-administration at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Xia Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 PR China
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15
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Skin-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Mapping Review of the Types of Vaccines and Methods Used and Immunity and Protection Elicited in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020450. [PMID: 36851328 PMCID: PMC9962282 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The advantages of skin-based vaccination include induction of strong immunity, dose-sparing, and ease of administration. Several technologies for skin-based immunisation in humans are being developed to maximise these key advantages. This route is more conventionally used in veterinary medicine. Skin-based vaccination of pigs is of high relevance due to their anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as being a source of zoonotic diseases and their livestock value. We conducted a systematic mapping review, focusing on vaccine-induced immunity and safety after the skin immunisation of pigs. Veterinary vaccines, specifically anti-viral vaccines, predominated in the literature. The safe and potent skin administration to pigs of adjuvanted vaccines, particularly emulsions, are frequently documented. Multiple methods of skin immunisation exist; however, there is a lack of consistent terminology and accurate descriptions of the route and device. Antibody responses, compared to other immune correlates, are most frequently reported. There is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms of action and breadth of responses. Nevertheless, encouraging results, both in safety and immunogenicity, were observed after skin vaccination that were often comparable to or superior the intramuscular route. Further research in this area will underlie the development of enhanced skin vaccine strategies for pigs, other animals and humans.
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16
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Husseini RA, Abe N, Hara T, Abe H, Kogure K. Use of Iontophoresis Technology for Transdermal Delivery of a Minimal mRNA Vaccine as a Potential Melanoma Therapeutic. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:301-308. [PMID: 36724958 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have attracted considerable attention as a result of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic; however, challenges remain regarding use of mRNA vaccines, including insufficient delivery owing to the high molecular weights and high negative charges associated with mRNA. These characteristics of mRNA vaccines impair intracellular uptake and subsequent protein translation. In the current study, we prepared a minimal mRNA vaccine encoding a tumor associated antigen human gp10025-33 peptide (KVPRNQDWL), as a potential treatment for melanoma. Minimal mRNA vaccines have recently shown promise at improving the translational process, and can be prepared via a simple production method. Moreover, we previously reported the successful use of iontophoresis (IP) technology in the delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules into skin layers, as well as intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). We hypothesized that combining IP technology with a newly synthesized minimal mRNA vaccine can improve both transdermal and intracellular delivery of mRNA. Following IP-induced delivery of a mRNA vaccine, an immune response is elicited resulting in activation of skin resident immune cells. As expected, combining both technologies led to potent stimulation of the immune system, which was observed via potent tumor inhibition in mice bearing melanoma. Additionally, there was an elevation in mRNA expression levels of various cytokines, mainly interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the tumor tissue, which are responsible for tumor clearance. This is the first report demonstrating the application of IP for delivery of a minimal mRNA vaccine as a potential melanoma therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Husseini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Naoko Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Tomoaki Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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17
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Menon I, Kang SM, Braz Gomes K, Uddin MN, D'Souza M. Laser-assisted intradermal delivery of a microparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus induces a robust immune response. Vaccine 2023; 41:1209-1222. [PMID: 36631361 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an infectious disease that poses a significant public health risk in young children. Vaccine studies conducted in the 1960s using an intramuscular injection of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (Fi-RSV) resulted in an enhanced respiratory disease and led to the failure of the vaccine. Thus, the virus-like particles (VLP) of the RSV fusion (F) protein was used as the vaccine antigen in this study. The F-VLP was encapsulated in a microparticle (MP) matrix composed of cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance the antigen presentation and uptake. Moreover, a painless vaccination method would be desirable for an infectious disease that mainly affects young children. Thus, an ablative laser device, Precise Laser Epidermal System (P.L.E.A.S.E), was utilized to create micropores on the skin for vaccine delivery. We observed enhanced antigen presentation of the vaccine microparticles (F-VLP MP) with and without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) MP in dendritic cells. Consequently, Swiss Webster mice were immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine microparticles using the P.L.E.A.S.E laser to study the in vivo immunogenicity. The immunized mice had high serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgG2a) levels, indicating a Th1 response. Subsequent analysis of lung homogenates post- RSV challenge revealed high IgA, indicating generation of a mucosal immune response upon intradermal immunization. Flowcytometry analysis showed high CD8+, and CD4+ expression in the lymph node and spleen of the adjuvanted vaccine microparticle immunized mice. Increased expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the spleen cells further proved Th1 polarized immune response. Finally, an immune plaque assay indicated significantly low lung viral titer in the mice immunized with intradermal adjuvanted vaccine microparticles. Thus, ablative laser-assisted immunization with the F-VLP based adjuvanted vaccine microparticles could be a promising vaccine candidate for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Menon
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Sang Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Keegan Braz Gomes
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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18
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Gomez AM, Babuadze G(G, Plourde-Campagna MA, Azizi H, Berger A, Kozak R, de La Vega MA, XIII A, Naghibosadat M, Nepveu-Traversy ME, Ruel J, Kobinger GP. A novel intradermal tattoo-based injection device enhances the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:172. [PMID: 36543794 PMCID: PMC9771775 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tattooing technology has shown promising results toward evaluating vaccines in both animal models and humans. However, this technology has some limitations due to variability of experimental evaluations or operator procedures. The current study evaluated a device (intradermal oscillating needle array injection device: IONAID) capable of microinjecting a controlled dose of any aqueous vaccine into the intradermal space. IONAID-mediated administration of a DNA-based vaccine encoding the glycoprotein (GP) from the Ebola virus resulted in superior T- and B-cell responses with IONAID when compared to single intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) injection in mice. Moreover, humoral immune responses, induced after IONAID vaccination, were significantly higher to those obtained with traditional passive DNA tattooing in guinea pigs and rabbits. This device was well tolerated and safe during HIV vaccine delivery in non-human primates (NHPs), while inducing robust immune responses. In summary, this study shows that the IONAID device improves vaccine performance, which could be beneficial to the animal and human health, and importantly, provide a dose-sparing approach (e.g., monkeypox vaccine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. Gomez
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - George (Giorgi) Babuadze
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences Platform, University Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Hiva Azizi
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Alice Berger
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences Platform, University Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Ara XIII
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Maedeh Naghibosadat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences Platform, University Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Jean Ruel
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Département de Génie Mécanique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
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19
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Shchelkunov SN, Sergeev AA, Titova KA, Pyankov SA, Starostina E, Borgoyakova MB, Kisakova LA, Kisakov DN, Karpenko LI, Yakubitskiy SN. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Transepidemal and Intradermal Immunization of Mice with the Vacinia Virus. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:111-118. [PMID: 36694907 PMCID: PMC9844093 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of the monkeypox virus infection among humans in many countries outside of Africa, which started in 2022, is now drawing the attention of the medical and scientific communities to the fact that immunization against this infection is sorely needed. According to current guidelines, immunization of people with the first-generation smallpox vaccine based on the vaccinia virus (VACV) LIVP strain, which is licensed in Russia, should be performed via transepidermal inoculation (skin scarification, s.s.). However, the long past experience of using this vaccination technique suggests that it does not ensure virus inoculation into patients' skin with enough reliability. The procedure of intradermal (i.d.) injection of a vaccine can be an alternative to s.s. inoculation. The effectiveness of i.d. vaccination can depend on the virus injection site on the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the development of the humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice immunized with the LIVP VACV strain, which was administered either by s.s. inoculation or i.d. injection into the same tail region of the animal. A virus dose of 105 pfu was used in both cases. ELISA of serum samples revealed no significant difference in the dynamics and level of production of VACV-specific IgM and IgG after i.d. or s.s. vaccination. A ELISpot analysis of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice showed that i.d. administration of VACV LIVP to mice induces a significantly greater T-cell immune response compared to s.s. inoculation. In order to assess the protective potency, on day 45 post immunization, mice were intranasally infected with lethal doses of either the cowpox virus (CPXV) or the ectromelia virus (ECTV), which is evolutionarily distant from the VACV and CPXV. Both vaccination techniques ensured complete protection of mice against infection with the CPXV. However, when mice were infected with a highly virulent strain of ECTV, 50% survived in the i.d. immunized group, whereas only 17% survived in the s.s. immunized group. It appears, therefore, that i.d. injection of the VACV can elicit a more potent protective immunity against orthopoxviruses compared to the conventional s.s. technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Shchelkunov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - A. A. Sergeev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - K. A. Titova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - S. A. Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - E.V. Starostina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - M. B. Borgoyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - L. A. Kisakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - D. N. Kisakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - L. I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
| | - S. N. Yakubitskiy
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russia
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20
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Nishikawa T, Chang CY, Tai JA, Hayashi H, Sun J, Torii S, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Ide R, Mineno J, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Nakagami H, Yamashita K. Immune response induced in rodents by anti-CoVid19 plasmid DNA vaccine via pyro-drive jet injector inoculation. Immunol Med 2022; 45:251-264. [PMID: 36001011 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2022.2111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to stop the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through the development of efficient and safe vaccination methods. Over the short term, plasmid DNA vaccines can be developed as they are molecularly stable, thus facilitating easy transport and storage. pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co was designed for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein. The antibodies produced led to immunoreactions against the S protein, an anti-receptor-binding-domain, and a neutralizing action of the pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, as previously confirmed. To promote the efficacy of the pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine a pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) was used. An intradermally adjusted PJI demonstrated that the pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine injection caused a high production of anti-S protein antibodies, triggered immunoreactions, and neutralized the actions against SARS-CoV-2. A high-dose pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection using PJI did not cause any serious disorders in the rat model. A viral challenge confirmed that intradermally immunized mice were potently protected from COVID-19. A pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection using PJI is a safe and promising vaccination method for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chin Yang Chang
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiayu A Tai
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Device Research, Industry Business Unit, Daicel Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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21
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The Delivery of mRNA Vaccines for Therapeutics. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081254. [PMID: 36013433 PMCID: PMC9410089 DOI: 10.3390/life12081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been revolutionary in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in the past two years. They have also become a versatile tool for the prevention of infectious diseases and treatment of cancers. For effective vaccination, mRNA formulation, delivery method and composition of the mRNA carrier play an important role. mRNA vaccines can be delivered using lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides or naked mRNA. The vaccine efficacy is influenced by the appropriate delivery materials, formulation methods and selection of a proper administration route. In addition, co-delivery of several mRNAs could also be beneficial and enhance immunity against various variants of an infectious pathogen or several pathogens altogether. Here, we review the recent progress in the delivery methods, modes of delivery and patentable mRNA vaccine technologies.
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Bian L, Zheng Y, Guo X, Li D, Zhou J, Jing L, Chen Y, Lu J, Zhang K, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Kong W. Intramuscular Inoculation of AS02-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F Subunit Vaccine Shows Better Efficiency and Safety Than Subcutaneous Inoculation in BALB/c Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938598. [PMID: 35935960 PMCID: PMC9354885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously explored a panel of adjuvants formulated with pre-fusion RSV-F protein and found that AS02 may be a promising candidate adjuvant for developing RSV-F subunit vaccines with improved immunogenicity and desired immune response type. In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of the effect of intramuscular injection to that of subcutaneous injection on the immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant RSV-F subunit vaccine with or without adjuvants (Alhydrogel, squalene-based emulsion adjuvants MF59, AS03, and AS02) in BALB/c mice. After inoculations, antigen-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibody subtypes, cytokines, and the persistence of immune response were evaluated. Moreover, challenge tests were also performed to illustrate the possible effect of inoculation routes and adjuvant on virus clearance and histochemistry changes in the lungs of mice. The results indicated that intramuscular inoculation is a more effective and antigen dose-sparing route to enhance the immune response, although subcutaneous inoculation induced faster and stronger IgG antibodies after the initial immunization. Furthermore, adjuvant, but not immunization route, is a more critical factor to affect the humoral/cellular immune response and the immune bias. In addition, adjuvant inoculated via the intramuscular route is safer than that via the subcutaneous route, especially for AS02. This study highlights the importance of the adjuvant and immunization routes in the design and clinical transformation of adjuvanted vaccines. Further investigation is needed to illustrate the mechanism underlying the above difference in both efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linyao Jing
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; ; Chunlai Jiang,
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; ; Chunlai Jiang,
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
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dos-Santos JS, Firmino-Cruz L, da Fonseca-Martins AM, Oliveira-Maciel D, Perez GG, Roncaglia-Pereira VA, Dumard CH, Guedes-da-Silva FH, Santos ACV, Leandro MDS, Ferreira JRM, Guimarães-Pinto K, Conde L, Rodrigues DAS, Silva MVDM, Alvim RGF, Lima TM, Marsili FF, Abreu DPB, Ferreira Jr. OC, Mohana Borges RDS, Tanuri A, Souza TML, Rossi-Bergmann B, Vale AM, Silva JL, de Oliveira AC, Filardy AD, Gomes AMO, de Matos Guedes HL. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric Spike Protein Associated to Poly(I:C) Plus Alum. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884760. [PMID: 35844561 PMCID: PMC9281395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a social and economic impact worldwide, and vaccination is an efficient strategy for diminishing those damages. New adjuvant formulations are required for the high vaccine demands, especially adjuvant formulations that induce a Th1 phenotype. Herein we assess a vaccination strategy using a combination of Alum and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] adjuvants plus the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a prefusion trimeric conformation by an intradermal (ID) route. We found high levels of IgG anti-spike antibodies in the serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by neutralization assay, after two or three immunizations. By evaluating the production of IgG subtypes, as expected, we found that formulations containing Poly(I:C) induced IgG2a whereas Alum did not. The combination of these two adjuvants induced high levels of both IgG1 and IgG2a. In addition, cellular immune responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interferon-gamma were equivalent, demonstrating that the Alum + Poly(I:C) combination supported a Th1 profile. Based on the high neutralizing titers, we evaluated B cells in the germinal centers, which are specific for receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike, and observed that more positive B cells were induced upon the Alum + Poly(I:C) combination. Moreover, these B cells produced antibodies against both RBD and non-RBD sites. We also studied the impact of this vaccination preparation [spike protein with Alum + Poly(I:C)] in the lungs of mice challenged with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. We found a production of IgG, but not IgA, and a reduction in neutrophil recruitment in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice, suggesting that our immunization scheme reduced lung inflammation. Altogether, our data suggest that Alum and Poly(I:C) together is a possible adjuvant combination for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 by the intradermal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Souza dos-Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca-Martins
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Maciel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Guadagnini Perez
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Roncaglia-Pereira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Dumard
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca H. Guedes-da-Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Vicente Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique dos Santos Leandro
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle A. S. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata G. F. Alvim
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Federico F. Marsili
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. B. Abreu
- Cell Culture Engineering Lab., Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André M. Vale
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson Lima Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cheble de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andre M. O. Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes, ;
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Nantanee R, Aikphaibul P, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Sodsai P, Himananto O, Theerawit T, Sophonphan J, Tovichayathamrong P, Manothummetha K, Laohasereekul T, Hiransuthikul N, Hirankarn N, Puthanakit T. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity after booster dose with AZD1222 via intradermal route among adult who had received CoronaVac. Vaccine 2022; 40:3320-3329. [PMID: 35513961 PMCID: PMC9058819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, booster dose is needed after 2 doses of non-live COVID-19 vaccine. With limited resources and shortage of COVID-19 vaccines, intradermal(ID) administration might be a potential dose-sparing strategy. OBJECTIVE To determine immunologic response and reactogenicity of ID ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222,Oxford/AstraZeneca) as a booster dose after completion of 2-dose CoronaVac(SV) in healthy adult. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of adult aged 18-59 years who received 2-dose SV at 14-35 days apart for more than 2 months. Participants received ID AZD1222 at fractional low dose(1×1010 viral particles,0.1 ml). Antibody responses were evaluated by surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT) against delta variant and wild type, and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain immunoglobulin G(anti-S-RBD IgG) at prior, day14, 28, 90, and 180 post booster. Solicited reactogenicity was collected for 7 days post-booster. Primary endpoint was the differences of sVNT against delta strain ≥ 80% inhibition at day14 and 90 compared with the parallel cohort study of 0.5-ml intramuscular(IM) route. RESULTS From August2021, 100 adults with median age of 46 years(IQR 41-52) participated. Prior to booster, geometric mean(GM) of sVNT against delta strain was 22.4% inhibition(95 %CI 18.7-26.9) and of anti-S-RBD IgG was 109.3 BAU/ml(95.4-125.1). Post ID booster, GMs of sVNT against delta strain were 95.5% inhibition (95%CI 94.2-96.8) at day14, 73.1% inhibition (66.7-80.2) at day90, and 22.7% inhibition (14.9-34.6) at day180. The differences of proportion of participants achieving sVNT against delta strain ≥ 80% inhibition in ID recipients versus IM were + 4.2% (95 %CI -2.0to10.5) at day14, and -37.3%(-54.2to-20.3) at day90. Anti-S-RBD IgG GMs were 2037.1 BAU/ml (95%CI 1770.9-2343.2) at day14 and 744.6 BAU/ml(650.1-852.9) at day90, respectively. Geometric mean ratios(GMRs) of anti-S-RBD IgG were 0.99(0.83-1.20) at day14, and 0.82(0.66-1.02) at day90. Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM (p = 0.003). Common reactogenicity was erythema at injection site(53%) while 7% reported blister. CONCLUSION Low-dose ID AZD1222 booster enhanced lower neutralizing antibodies at 3 months compared with IM route. Less systemic reactogenicity occurred, but higher local reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapisa Nantanee
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Puneyavee Aikphaibul
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peera Jaru-Ampornpan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawan Himananto
- Monoclonal Antibody Production and Application Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tuangtip Theerawit
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punyot Tovichayathamrong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kasama Manothummetha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tysdi Laohasereekul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Hiransuthikul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Corresponding author at: Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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25
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Shah SA, Oakes RS, Kapnick SM, Jewell CM. Mapping the Mechanical and Immunological Profiles of Polymeric Microneedles to Enable Vaccine and Immunotherapy Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843355. [PMID: 35359943 PMCID: PMC8964051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials hold great promise for vaccines and immunotherapy. One emerging biomaterials technology is microneedle (MNs) delivery. MNs are arrays of micrometer-sized needles that are painless and efficiently deliver cargo to the specialized immunological niche of the skin. MNs typically do not require cold storage and eliminate medical sharps. Nearly all materials exhibit intrinsic properties that can bias immune responses toward either pro-immune or inhibitory effects. Thus, because MNs are fabricated from degradable polymers to enable cargo loading and release, understanding the immunological profiles of these matrices is essential to enable new MN vaccines and immunotherapies. Additionally, understanding the mechanical properties is important because MNs must penetrate the skin and conform to a variety of skin or tissue geometries. Here we fabricated MNs from important polymer classes – including extracellular matrix biopolymers, naturally-derived polymers, and synthetic polymers – with both high- and low-molecular-weights (MW). We then characterized the mechanical properties and intrinsic immunological properties of these designs. The library of polymer MNs exhibited diverse mechanical properties, while causing only modest changes in innate signaling and antigen-specific T cell proliferation. These data help inform the selection of MN substrates based on the mechanical and immunological requirements needed for a specific vaccine or immunotherapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey A. Shah
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Robert S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Vetrans Affair (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Senta M. Kapnick
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Vetrans Affair (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher M. Jewell,
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Engineering immunity via skin-directed drug delivery devices. J Control Release 2022; 345:385-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tawinprai K, Siripongboonsitti T, Porntharukchareon T, Wittayasak K, Thonwirak N, Soonklang K, Sornsamdang G, Auewarakul C, Mahanonda N. Immunogenicity and safety of an intradermal fractional third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine compared with those of a standard intramuscular third dose in volunteers who previously received two doses of CoronaVac: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:1761-1767. [PMID: 35210118 PMCID: PMC8860330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Kasiruck Wittayasak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Thonwirak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | | | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand; Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Nithi Mahanonda
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
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Performance and usability evaluation of novel intradermal injection device Immucise™ and reanalysis of intradermal administration trials of influenza vaccine for the elderly. Vaccine 2022; 40:873-879. [PMID: 35031147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Under the pandemic situation, there is an urgent need to produce and acquire sufficient quantities of prophylactic vaccines. It becomes important to devise a way to achieve reliable immunity with lower doses to distribute limited supplies of vaccines to maximum number of people very quickly. Intradermal (ID) vaccination is one such method to increase the effectiveness of vaccines. However, this method has not been widely used in general clinical practice because it is technically difficult to inject vaccines precisely into the ID tissue. Therefore, new ID delivery systems that allow reliable ID administration are under development. In this paper, we summarize its design and present the results of performance and usability testing for the Immucise™ Intradermal Injection System (Immucise™). This study showed that Immucise™ can reduce dead volume and inject drugs precisely into the ID tissues of subjects from infants to the elderly and can be used correctly and safely by healthcare professionals. This randomized controlled trial compared ID administration with Immucise™ and standard subcutaneous (SC) administration of seasonal influenza vaccine by analyzing the efficacy of the vaccine in the elderly group at 90 days and 180 days after administration. It was found that the vaccine for the ID group was as effective or more effective than that for the SC group up to 180 days later. It was also found that the geometric mean titer values, especially for B strains, were higher in the two-dose ID group than in the two-dose SC group. These findings suggest that Immucise™ is one of the best devices to distribute a small amount of vaccine quickly and widely to a larger number of people with little loss of vaccine during a pandemic.
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29
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Mohizin A, Kim JK. Dispersion profile of a needle-free jet injection depends on the interfacial property of the medium. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:384-394. [PMID: 34480298 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Injections into or through the skin are common drug or vaccine administration routes, which can be achieved with conventional needles, microneedles, or needle-free jet injections (NFJI). Understanding the transport mechanism of these injected fluids is critical for the development of effective drug administration devices. NFJI devices are distinct from traditional injection techniques by their route and time scale, which relies on a propelled microjet with sufficient energy to penetrate the skin surface and deliver the drug into the targeted region. The injected fluid interacts with multiple skin tissue layers and interfaces, which implies that the corresponding injection profile is dependent on their mechanical properties. In this study, we address the lack of fundamental knowledge on the impact of these interfaces on the injection profiles of NFJI devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mohizin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Integrative Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Tessier N, Moawad F, Amri N, Brambilla D, Martel C. Focus on the Lymphatic Route to Optimize Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1200. [PMID: 34452161 PMCID: PMC8398144 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While oral agents have been the gold standard for cardiovascular disease therapy, the new generation of treatments is switching to other administration options that offer reduced dosing frequency and more efficacy. The lymphatic network is a unidirectional and low-pressure vascular system that is responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluids, molecules, and cells from the peripheral tissue, including the skin and the intestines. Targeting the lymphatic route for drug delivery employing traditional or new technologies and drug formulations is exponentially gaining attention in the quest to avoid the hepatic first-pass effect. The present review will give an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the lymphatic vessels in drug delivery in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Tessier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Fatma Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nada Amri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
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31
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Atallah ÁN, Arbache S. Would it be possible to have better ways and routes of administration for vaccines against COVID-19? SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:416-417. [PMID: 34346963 PMCID: PMC9615589 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0316.18052021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Nagib Atallah
- MD, PhD. Full Professor and Head of the Discipline of Emergency Medicine and Evidence-Based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP); and Director of Cochrane Brazil, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Samir Arbache
- MD. Preceptor of Dermatology, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Evidence-Based Healthcare, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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32
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Migliore A, Gigliucci G, Di Marzo R, Russo D, Mammucari M. Intradermal Vaccination: A Potential Tool in the Battle Against the COVID-19 Pandemic? Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2079-2087. [PMID: 34045909 PMCID: PMC8144901 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review is the final output of an initiative of the SIM (Italian Society of Mesotherapy). A narrative review of scientific literature on the efficacy of fractional intradermal vaccination in comparison with full doses has been conducted for the following pathogens: influenza virus, rabies virus, poliovirus (PV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis bacterias (DTP), human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JE), meningococcus, varicella zoster virus (VZV) and yellow fever virus. The findings suggest that the use of the intradermal route represents a valid strategy in terms of efficacy and efficiency for influenza, rabies and HBV vaccines. Some systematic reviews on influenza vaccines suggest the absence of a substantial difference between immunogenicity induced by a fractional ID dose of up to 20% and the IM dose in healthy adults, elderly, immunocompromised patients and children. Clinical studies of remaining vaccines against other pathogens (HAV, DTP bacterias, JE, meningococcal disease, VZV, and yellow fever virus) are scarce, but promising. In the context of a COVID-19 vaccine shortage, countries should investigate if a fractional dosing scheme may help to save doses and achieve herd immunity quickly. SIM urges the scientific community and health authorities to investigate the potentiality of fractionate intradermal administration in anti-COVID-19 vaccination. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/xyVoP0mH6sQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Migliore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gigliucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:164-186. [PMID: 33539853 PMCID: PMC8060128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, highlights the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. The highly accessible cutaneous microenvironment is an ideal target for vaccination since the skin harbors a high density of antigen-presenting cells and immune accessory cells with broad innate immune functions. Microarray patches (MAPs) are an attractive intracutaneous biocargo delivery system that enables safe, reproducible, and controlled administration of vaccine components (antigens, with or without adjuvants) to defined skin microenvironments. This review describes the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and relevant antigenic targets for vaccination, summarizes key concepts of skin immunobiology in the context of prophylactic immunization, and presents an overview of MAP-mediated cutaneous vaccine delivery. Concluding remarks on MAP-based skin immunization are provided to contribute to the rational development of safe and effective MAP-delivered vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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34
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Kwon M, Jung H, Nam GH, Kim IS. The right Timing, right combination, right sequence, and right delivery for Cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 331:321-334. [PMID: 33434599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CI) represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) presents a new paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the types of cancer that attain a therapeutic benefit from ICIs are limited, and the efficacy of these treatments does not meet expectations. To date, research on ICIs has mainly focused on identifying biomarkers and patient characteristics that can enhance the therapeutic effect on tumors. However, studies on combinational strategies for CI are being actively conducted to overcome the resistance to ICI treatment. Moreover, it has been confirmed that dramatic anticancer effects are achieved through "neoadjuvant" immunotherapy with ICIs in treatment-naïve cancer patients; consequently, it has become necessary to consider how to best apply cancer immunotherapies for patients, even with respect to their tumor stages. In this review, we sought to discuss the right timing of ICI treatment in consideration of the progression of cancer with a changing tumor-immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we investigated which types of combinational treatments and their corresponding sequences of administration could optimize the therapeutic effect of ICIs to expand the applicable target of ICIs and increase their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we discussed several delivery pathways and methods that can maximize the effect of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwon
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanul Jung
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Cianci R, Franza L. Genomic Medicine and Advances in Vaccine Technology and Development in the Developing and Developed World. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:vaccines9010009. [PMID: 33374343 PMCID: PMC7823288 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cianci
- Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-7597; Fax: +39-06-3550-2775
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
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