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Herbert C, Manabe YC, Filippaios A, Lin H, Wang B, Achenbach C, Kheterpal V, Hartin P, Suvarna T, Harman E, Stamegna P, Rao LV, Hafer N, Broach J, Luzuriaga K, Fitzgerald KA, McManus DD, Soni A. Differential Viral Dynamics by Sex and Body Mass Index During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1185-1193. [PMID: 37972270 PMCID: PMC11093673 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of an association of severe coroanavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes with increased body mass index (BMI) and male sex. However, few studies have examined the interaction between sex and BMI on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral dynamics. METHODS Participants conducted RT-PCR testing every 24-48 hours over a 15-day period. Sex and BMI were self-reported, and Ct values from E-gene were used to quantify viral load. Three distinct outcomes were examined using mixed-effects generalized linear models, linear models, and logistic models, respectively: all Ct values (model 1), nadir Ct value (model 2), and strongly detectable infection (at least 1 Ct value ≤28 during their infection) (model 3). An interaction term between BMI and sex was included, and inverse logit transformations were applied to quantify the differences by BMI and sex using marginal predictions. RESULTS In total, 7988 participants enrolled in this study and 439 participants (model 1) and 309 (models 2 and 3) were eligible for these analyses. Among males, increasing BMI was associated with lower Ct values in a dose-response fashion. For participants with BMIs greater than 29 kg/m2, males had significantly lower Ct values and nadir Ct values than females. In total, 67.8% of males and 55.3% of females recorded a strongly detectable infection; increasing proportions of men had Ct values <28 with BMIs of 35 and 40 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS We observed sex-based dimorphism in relation to BMI and COVID-19 viral load. Further investigation is needed to determine the cause, clinical impact, and transmission implications of this sex-differential effect of BMI on viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Herbert
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biqi Wang
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chad Achenbach
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Paul Hartin
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela Stamegna
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Hafer
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Broach
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Luzuriaga
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David D McManus
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Apurv Soni
- Program in Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Health System Science, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Mansueto G, Fusco G, Colonna G. A Tiny Viral Protein, SARS-CoV-2-ORF7b: Functional Molecular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:541. [PMID: 38785948 PMCID: PMC11118181 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the interaction with the human host metabolism of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7b protein (43 aa), using a protein-protein interaction network analysis. After pruning, we selected from BioGRID the 51 most significant proteins among 2753 proven interactions and 1708 interactors specific to ORF7b. We used these proteins as functional seeds, and we obtained a significant network of 551 nodes via STRING. We performed topological analysis and calculated topological distributions by Cytoscape. By following a hub-and-spoke network architectural model, we were able to identify seven proteins that ranked high as hubs and an additional seven as bottlenecks. Through this interaction model, we identified significant GO-processes (5057 terms in 15 categories) induced in human metabolism by ORF7b. We discovered high statistical significance processes of dysregulated molecular cell mechanisms caused by acting ORF7b. We detected disease-related human proteins and their involvement in metabolic roles, how they relate in a distorted way to signaling and/or functional systems, in particular intra- and inter-cellular signaling systems, and the molecular mechanisms that supervise programmed cell death, with mechanisms similar to that of cancer metastasis diffusion. A cluster analysis showed 10 compact and significant functional clusters, where two of them overlap in a Giant Connected Component core of 206 total nodes. These two clusters contain most of the high-rank nodes. ORF7b acts through these two clusters, inducing most of the metabolic dysregulation. We conducted a co-regulation and transcriptional analysis by hub and bottleneck proteins. This analysis allowed us to define the transcription factors and miRNAs that control the high-ranking proteins and the dysregulated processes within the limits of the poor knowledge that these sectors still impose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Avanzate, Università della Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Colonna
- Medical Informatics AOU, Università della Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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3
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Elste J, Cast N, Udawatte S, Adhikari K, Payen SH, Verma SC, Shukla D, Swanson-Mungerson M, Tiwari V. Co-Expression of Niemann-Pick Type C1-Like1 (NPC1L1) with ACE2 Receptor Synergistically Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Fusion. Biomedicines 2024; 12:821. [PMID: 38672177 PMCID: PMC11048565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells has been shown to be a cholesterol-rich, lipid raft-dependent process. In this study, we investigated if the presence of a cholesterol uptake receptor Niemann-pick type c1-like1 (NPC1L1) impacts SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Initially, we utilized reporter-based pseudovirus cell entry assays and a spike (S) glycoprotein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion assay. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells, which lack endogenous receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, our data showed that the co-expression of NPC1L1 together with the ACE2 receptor synergistically increased SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry even more than the cells expressing ACE-2 receptor alone. Similar results were also found with the HEK293T cells endogenously expressing the ACE2 receptor. Co-cultures of effector cells expressing S glycoprotein together with target cells co-expressing ACE-2 receptor with NPC1L1 significantly promoted quantitative cell-to-cell fusion, including syncytia formation. Finally, we substantiated that an elevated expression of NPC1L1 enhanced entry, whereas the depletion of NPC1L1 resulted in a diminished SARS-CoV-2 entry in HEK293T-ACE2 cells using authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus in contrast to their respective control cells. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal role of NPC1L1 in facilitating the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. Importance: Niemann-Pick type C1-like1 (NPC1L1) is an endosomal membrane protein that regulates intracellular cholesterol trafficking. This protein has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the life cycle of several clinically important viruses. Although SARS-CoV-2 exploits cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as part of its viral entry process, the role of NPC1L1 in SARS-CoV-2 entry remains unclear. Our research represents the first-ever demonstration of NPC1L1's involvement in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry. The observed role of NPC1L1 in human kidney cells is not only highly intriguing but also quite relevant. This relevance stems from the fact that NPC1L1 exhibits high expression levels in several organs, including the kidneys, and the fact that kidney damages are reported during severe cases of SARS-CoV-2. These findings may help us understand the new functions and mechanisms of NPC1L1 and could contribute to the identification of new antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (N.C.); (M.S.-M.)
| | - Nicole Cast
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (N.C.); (M.S.-M.)
| | - Shalini Udawatte
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Kabita Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (K.A.); (S.H.P.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Shannon Harger Payen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (K.A.); (S.H.P.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (K.A.); (S.H.P.); (S.C.V.)
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (N.C.); (M.S.-M.)
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (J.E.); (N.C.); (M.S.-M.)
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4
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Vélez-Páez JL, Baldeón-Rojas L, Cañadas Herrera C, Montalvo MP, Jara FE, Aguayo-Moscoso S, Tercero-Martínez W, Saltos L, Jiménez-Alulima G, Guerrero V, Pérez-Galarza J. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to determine cut-off points of clinical and biomolecular markers to discriminate mortality in severe COVID-19 living at high altitude. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 37848858 PMCID: PMC10583315 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, Ecuador had one of the highest death rates because of COVID-19. The role of clinical and biomolecular markers in COVID disease prognosis, is still not well supported by available data. In order for these markers to have practical application in clinical decision-making regarding patient treatment and prognosis, it is necessary to know an optimal cut-off point, taking into consideration ethnic differences and geographic conditions. AIM To determine the value of clinical and biomolecular markers, to predict mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 living at high altitude. METHODS In this study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC) of ROC, sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were calculated to determine levels of clinical and biomolecular markers that best differentiate survivors versus non-survivors in severe COVID subjects that live at a high altitude setting. RESULTS Selected cut-off values for ferritin (≥ 1225 ng/dl, p = 0.026), IL-6 (≥ 11 pg/ml, p = 0.005) and NLR (≥ 22, p = 0.008) at 24 h, as well as PaFiO2 (≤ 164 mmHg, p = 0.015), NLR (≥ 16, p = p = 0.013) and SOFA (≥ 6, p = 0.031) at 72 h, appear to have good discriminating power to differentiate survivors versus non-survivors. Additionally, odds ratios for ferritin (OR = 3.38); IL-6 (OR = 17.07); PaFiO2 (OR = 4.61); NLR 24 h (OR = 4.95); NLR 72 h (OR = 4.46), and SOFA (OR = 3.77) indicate increased risk of mortality when cut-off points were taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS We proposed a straightforward and understandable method to identify dichotomized levels of clinical and biomolecular markers that can discriminate between survivors and non-survivors patients with severe COVID-19 living at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Vélez-Páez
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lucy Baldeón-Rojas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Research Institute of Biomedicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Fernando Esteban Jara
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Wendy Tercero-Martínez
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Saltos
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Glenda Jiménez-Alulima
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Guerrero
- Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Center, Quito, Ecuador
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5
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Shibata Y, Omae K, Minemura H, Suzuki Y, Nikaido T, Tanino Y, Fukuhara A, Kanno R, Saito H, Suzuki S, Ishii T, Inokoshi Y, Sando E, Sakuma H, Kobayashi T, Kume H, Kamimoto M, Aoki H, Takama A, Kamiyama T, Nakayama M, Saito K, Tanigawa K, Sato M, Kambe T, Kanzaki N, Azuma T, Sakamoto K, Nakamura Y, Ohtani H, Waragai M, Maeda S, Ishida T, Sugino K, Inage M, Hirama N, Furuyama K, Fukushima S, Saito H, Machiya JI, Machida H, Abe K, Iwabuchi K, Katagiri Y, Aida Y, Abe Y, Ota T, Ishizawa Y, Tsukada Y, Yamada R, Sato R, Onuma T, Tomita H, Saito M, Watanabe N, Rikimaru M, Kawamata T, Umeda T, Morimoto J, Togawa R, Sato Y, Saito J, Kanazawa K, Kurita N, Iseki K. Development and external validation of the DOAT and DOATS scores: simple decision support tools to identify disease progression among nonelderly patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:312. [PMID: 37641057 PMCID: PMC10463653 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the fifth wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan, which took place between June and September 2021, a significant number of COVID-19 cases with deterioration occurred in unvaccinated individuals < 65 years old. However, the risk factors for COVID-19 deterioration in this specific population have not yet been determined. This study developed a prediction method to identify COVID-19 patients < 65 years old who are at a high risk of deterioration. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from 1,675 patients < 65 years old who were admitted to acute care institutions in Fukushima with mild-to-moderate-1 COVID-19 based on the Japanese disease severity criteria prior to the fifth wave. For validation, 324 similar patients were enrolled from 3 hospitals in Yamagata. Logistic regression analyses using cluster-robust variance estimation were used to determine predictors of disease deterioration, followed by creation of risk prediction scores. Disease deterioration was defined as the initiation of medication for COVID-19, oxygen inhalation, or mechanical ventilation starting one day or later after admission. RESULTS The patients whose condition deteriorated (8.6%) tended to be older, male, have histories of smoking, and have high body temperatures, low oxygen saturation values, and comorbidities, such as diabetes/obesity and hypertension. Stepwise variable selection using logistic regression to predict COVID-19 deterioration retained comorbidities of diabetes/obesity (DO), age (A), body temperature (T), and oxygen saturation (S). Two predictive scores were created based on the optimism-corrected regression coefficients: the DOATS score, including all of the above risk factors, and the DOAT score, which was the DOATS score without oxygen saturation. In the original cohort, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of the DOATS and DOAT scores were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.85) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84), respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUROCs for each score were both 0.76 (95% CI 0.69-0.83), and the calibration slopes were both 0.80. A decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical practicability of both scores in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS We established two prediction scores that can quickly evaluate the risk of COVID-19 deterioration in mild/moderate patients < 65 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shibata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Omae
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minemura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takefumi Nikaido
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Fukuhara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kanno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita General Hospital, Date-gun, Japan
| | - Shuzo Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita General Hospital, Date-gun, Japan
| | - Taeko Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saiseikai Fukushima General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yayoi Inokoshi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saiseikai Fukushima General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Sando
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Date-shi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kawamata Hospital, Kawamata, Japan
| | - Tatsuho Kobayashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kume
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pulmonary Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takeda General Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideko Aoki
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bange Kousei General Hospital, Kawanuma, Japan
| | - Akira Takama
- Department of Surgery, Yurin Hospital, Kitakata, Japan
| | - Takamichi Kamiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Iwaki City Medical Center, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashima Hospital, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Rosai Hospital, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanigawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Futaba Medical Center, Futaba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma General Hospital, Soma, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kambe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Minami-Soma Municipal General Hospital, Minami-Soma, Japan
| | - Norio Kanzaki
- Department of Surgery, Onahama Chuo Clinic, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Azuma
- Department of General Medicine, Shirakawa Satellite for Teaching and Research, Fukushima Medical University, Shirakawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hoshi General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hoshi General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iwase General Hospital, Sukagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Waragai
- Department of Surgery, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Maeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jusendo General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Tokiya Ishida
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tsuboi Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Minoru Inage
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Okitama General Hospital, Higashi-Okitama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Okitama General Hospital, Higashi-Okitama, Japan
| | - Kodai Furuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Okitama General Hospital, Higashi-Okitama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Fukushima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Okitama General Hospital, Higashi-Okitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Machiya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Koya Abe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Katagiri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuko Aida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takahito Ota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tsukada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Riko Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Onuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tomita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mikako Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mami Rikimaru
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takaya Kawamata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Umeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Julia Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Togawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junpei Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Kanazawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kurita
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ken Iseki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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6
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Kim A, Ortega-Ribera M, McMullen MR, Bellar A, Taiwo M, Pathak V, Streem D, Dasarathy J, Welch N, Dasarathy S, Vachharajani V, Nagy LE. Altered Anti-Viral Immune Responses in Monocytes in Overweight Heavy Drinkers. iScience 2023; 26:107133. [PMID: 37361874 PMCID: PMC10268809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes increased susceptibility to respiratory syndromes like bacterial pneumonia and viral infections like SARS-CoV-2. Heavy drinkers (HD) are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 if they are also overweight, yet the molecular mechanisms are unexplored. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lean or overweight HD and healthy controls (HC) after challenge with a dsRNA homopolymer (PolyI:C) to mimic a viral infection and/or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All monocyte populations responded to both PolyI:C and LPS with pro-inflammatory gene expression. However, expression of interferon stimulated genes, essential for inhibiting viral pathogenesis, was greatly reduced in overweight patients. Interestingly, the number of upregulated genes in response to PolyI:C challenge was far greater in monocytes from HD compared to HC, including much stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine and interferon-γ signaling responses. These results suggest increased body weight reduced anti-viral responses while heavy drinking increased pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kim
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Megan R McMullen
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Annette Bellar
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Moyinoluwa Taiwo
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vai Pathak
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Streem
- - Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Nicole Welch
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Laura E Nagy
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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7
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Dechates B, Porntharukchareon T, Sirisreetreerux S, Therawit P, Worawitchawong S, Sornsamdang G, Soonklang K, Tawinprai K. Immune Response to CoronaVac and Its Safety in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030684. [PMID: 36992267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been critical for preventing disease. Previous research showed patients with diabetes have impaired immunity. This study aimed to determine the immunity to coronavirus after CoronaVac by comparing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthcare workers (HCW). Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study evaluated immune responses and safety after two doses of CoronaVac in T2D and HCW groups at Chulabhorn Hospital. The levels of total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at baseline and 4 weeks after vaccination were collected. The level of anti-RBD concentrations was reported as geometric mean concentration (GMC) and compared between groups using the geometric mean ratio (GMR). Results: 81 participants were included; 27 had T2D and 54 were HCW. After complete vaccination, anti-RBD concentrations were not significantly different between T2D (57.68 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 29.08; 114.44) and HCW (72.49 BAU/mL, 95% CI = 55.77; 94.22) groups. Subgroup analysis showed the GMC of anti-RBD was significantly lower in T2D patients with dyslipidaemia (50.04 BAU/mL) than in T2D patients without dyslipidaemia (341.64 BAU/mL). Conclusions: The immune response at 4 weeks after two doses of CoronaVac did not significantly differ between patients with T2D and HCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothamai Dechates
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thachanun Porntharukchareon
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supamas Sirisreetreerux
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phonthip Therawit
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanat Worawitchawong
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Gaidganok Sornsamdang
- Central Laboratory Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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8
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Akácsos-Szász OZ, Pál S, Nyulas KI, Nemes-Nagy E, Fárr AM, Dénes L, Szilveszter M, Bán EG, Tilinca MC, Simon-Szabó Z. Pathways of Coagulopathy and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4319. [PMID: 36901751 PMCID: PMC10001503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and endothelium dysfunction are present in diabetic patients. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate in association with diabetes, partially due to the development of thromboembolic events in the context of coronavirus infection. The purpose of this review is to present the most important underlying pathomechanisms in the development of COVID-19-related coagulopathy in diabetic patients. The methodology consisted of data collection and synthesis from the recent scientific literature by accessing different databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase). The main results are the comprehensive and detailed presentation of the very complex interrelations between different factors and pathways involved in the development of arteriopathy and thrombosis in COVID-19-infected diabetic patients. Several genetic and metabolic factors influence the course of COVID-19 within the background of diabetes mellitus. Extensive knowledge of the underlying pathomechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-related vasculopathy and coagulopathy in diabetic subjects contributes to a better understanding of the manifestations in this highly vulnerable group of patients; thus, they can benefit from a modern, more efficient approach regarding diagnostic and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya-Zsuzsa Akácsos-Szász
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Sándor Pál
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kinga-Ilona Nyulas
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Enikő Nemes-Nagy
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Fárr
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Lóránd Dénes
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Mónika Szilveszter
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Erika-Gyöngyi Bán
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Mariana Cornelia Tilinca
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Zsuzsánna Simon-Szabó
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
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9
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Kuruppu H, Wickramanayake WPRH, Jeewandara C, Peranantharajah D, Colambage HS, Perera L, Gomes L, Wijewickrama A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Adipokine levels and their association with clinical disease severity in patients with dengue. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.06.23284269. [PMID: 36711706 PMCID: PMC9882520 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.23284269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adipokines have not been studied in acute dengue, despite their emerging role in inducing and regulating inflammation. Therefore, we sought to identify adipokine levels in patients with varying severities of acute dengue to understand their role in disease pathogenesis. We determined the levels of leptin, resistin, omentin, adiponectin, as well as IFNβ, and NS1 using quantitative ELISA in patients with dengue fever (DF=49) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF=22) at admission (febrile phase) and at the time of discharge (recovery phase). The viral loads and serotypes of all samples were quantified using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Resistin levels (p =0.04) and omentin (p=0.006) levels were significantly higher in patients who developed DHF. Omentin levels in the febrile phase also correlated with the AST (Spearman's r=0.38, p=0.001) and ALT levels (Spearman's r=0.24, p=0.04); as well as serum leptin levels with both AST (Spearman's r=0.27, p=0.02) and ALT (Spearman's r=0.28, p=0.02). Serum adiponectin levels in the febrile phase did not correlate with any of the other adipokines or with liver enzymes, but inversely correlated with CRP levels (Spearman's r=-0.31, p=0.008). Although not significant (p=0.14) serum IFNβ levels were lower in the febrile phase in those who progressed to develop DHF (median 0, IQR 0 to 39.4 pg/ml), compared to those who had DF (median 37.1, IQR 0 to 65.6 pg.ml). The data suggest that adipokines are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of dengue, which should be further explored for the potential to be used as prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Kuruppu
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chandima Jeewandara
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deneshan Peranantharajah
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hashini S Colambage
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Perera
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- AICBU, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Bahrini K, Stambouli N, Ben Azaiez M, Rebai A, Abid F, Romdhani C, Labben I, Gharsallah H, Ferjani M. Immune Cell Response during COVID-19 Infection and following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4059484. [PMID: 37144176 PMCID: PMC10151725 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4059484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune response plays a crucial role in virus clearance during COVID-19 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. Herein, we aimed to assess the immune response during COVID-19 infection and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods In this retrospective study, 94 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were categorized into unvaccinated patients (n = 50), including 33 deceased and 17 discharged patients, and vaccinated group (n = 44) with 26 deceased and 18 discharged patients. Records of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU between March, 2021 and March, 2022 were gathered and analyzed. Result The assessment of immune cell counts revealed a large rise of neutrophils associated to decrease number of lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19 infection. In dead patients, we detected a significant correlation between neutrophils and inflammatory parameters such as IL-6 and CRP. Moreover, analysis of immune cell count following vaccination did not reveal any significant difference. However, the most substantial result, herein, detected is the decrease level of IL-6 in vaccinated patients as compared to unvaccinated. The reduce level of IL-6 following vaccination is observed in discharged patients as compared to deceased. Regarding the level of mortality after vaccination, we showed that all patients who received the first dose were died (46.1%, n = 12) as compared to those who have received two doses (34.6%, n = 9) and the third dose of vaccine (19.23%, n = 3) (p=0.0018). Strikingly, studying the inflammatory parameters after each vaccine dose, we revealed a significant decrease of IL-6 level after the booster dose (third dose), especially in vaccinated discharged patients. Conclusions Neutrophils combined with IL-6 and CRP can be very useful markers to predict disease severity in patients admitted to ICU. The decrease level of IL-6 in vaccinated group pointed out the impact of vaccination to prevent inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Bahrini
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Stambouli
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Azaiez
- Department of Immunology, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Rebai
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Abid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chihebeddine Romdhani
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Iheb Labben
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hédi Gharsallah
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Ferjani
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
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11
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Safety and Evaluation of the Immune Response of Coronavirus Nosode (BiosimCovex) in Healthy Volunteers: A Preliminary Study Extending the Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trial. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medicines10010008. [PMID: 36662492 PMCID: PMC9865918 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Regulatory clinical Phase I studies are aimed at establishing the human safety of an active pharmaceutical agent to be later marketed as a drug. Since homeopathic medicines are prepared by a potentizing method using alcohol, past a certain dilution, their toxicity/infectivity is assumed to be unlikely. We aimed to develop a bridge study between homeopathic pathogenetic trials and clinical trials. The primary purpose was to evaluate the safety of a nosode, developed from clinical samples of a COVID-19 patient. The secondary objectives were to explore whether a nosode developed for a specific clinical purpose, such as use during an epidemic, may elicit laboratory signals worthy of further exploration. Methods: An open-label study was designed to evaluate the safety and immune response of the Coronavirus nosode BiosimCovex, given orally on three consecutive days to ten healthy volunteers. Clinical examinations, laboratory safety and immune parameters were established. Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-6, and CD 4 were measured. (CTRI registration number: CTRI/2020/05/025496). Results: No serious/fatal adverse events were reported. Laboratory tests to measure safety were unchanged. Three subjects showed elevated Interleukin-6 (IL-6) on day 17 in comparison to the baseline, and ten subjects showed elevated IL-6 on day 34. A significant difference between IL-6 observations, calculated by repeated measures ANOVA, was found to be highly significant. On day 60, the IL-6 values of nine subjects were found to return to normal. Corresponding CD4 cell elevation was observed on day 60, when compared to day 34. Conclusions: HPT may potentially extend into physiological changes with regards to immune response and should encourage future studies.
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12
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Differential persistence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in post immunized Bangladeshi population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14681. [PMID: 36038600 PMCID: PMC9421641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines have been immensely welcomed by the world to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, the duration and clinical implications of antibody-mediated natural immunity in SARS-CoV-2 have not been adequately elucidated alongside some other immune system transforming factors. In a cohort study, we measured NAb titer following the 2nd immunization dosage of the CoviShield (AZD1222) vaccine. The enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to look for SARS-CoV-2—specific NAb. We measured NAb at 30 days after the 2nd dosage of immunization and > 96% titer was detected in 42.9% of subjects, but only 5.1% of subjects retained the same level after 180 days. The median NAb titer dropped significantly, from 92% at 30 days to 58% at 180 days (p < 0.001). Besides, there were significant differences observed in NAb titer after 180 days by age, sex, COVID-19 infection, tobacco use, and asthma patients. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection along with two dosages of immunization upheld NAb titer (p < 0.001) even at the end of the study period.
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13
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Siopis G. Obesity: A comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (CAIDS). Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:415-429. [PMID: 35666083 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2083614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data emphasize a strong link between obesity and the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune system including lymphoid tissue's integrity, leukocytes' development and function, complement system's activation, and the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, obesity results in a less efficient immune response to infectious agents. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exploits this weakened immune system in people with obesity to precipitate COVID-19, and in some cases death. It is therefore the author's recommendation that obesity should be viewed as another form of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and be treated with the appropriate seriousness. Unlike the previously described acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), obesity is a comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. People with AIDS do not die from HIV, but may die from opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, AIDS is ascribed its due importance in the course of deterioration of the patient. Similarly, obesity should be acknowledged further as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19. Obesity is a modifiable condition and even in people with a strong genetic predisposition, lifestyle modifications can reverse obesity, and even moderate weight loss can improve the inflammatory milieu. Strong public health actions are warranted to promote lifestyle measures to reduce the burden from overweight and obesity that currently affect more than one-third of the global population, with projections alarming this may reach 55-80% within the next thirty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Siopis
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Burwood, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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14
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Duan L, Wang Y, Dong H, Song C, Zheng J, Li J, Li M, Wang J, Yang J, Xu J. The COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior and Correlates in Diabetic Patients: A Health Belief Model Theory-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China, 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050659. [PMID: 35632415 PMCID: PMC9148061 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The population with diabetes is more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, and have a significantly higher coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality rate. Previous studies have shown low willingness for the COVID-19 vaccination, and there are limited reports on the behavior and relevance of the COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to determine the uptake behavior and associated factors of the COVID-19 vaccine. In our cross-sectional questionnaire-based clinical study, 645 diabetes patients affiliated with two affiliated hospitals of Changzhi Medical College completed the questionnaire between June to October 2021. The health belief model (HBM) was used in examining factors influencing vaccination behavior. After adjusting for covariates with significant differences in social background characteristics, a multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors related to uptake in COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 162 vaccinated and 483 unvaccinated eligible diabetic patients were recruited. Patients who believed that the COVID-19 syndrome is severe (aOR3.67, 95%CI 1.88−7.17; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection (aOR3.48, 95%CI 1.80−6.73; p < 0.001), believe that vaccination is beneficial to themselves and others (aOR 4.53, 95%CI 1.71−11.99; p = 0.002), think that relatives’ vaccination status has a positive impact on their vaccination behavior (aOR 5.68, 95%CI 2.83−11.39; p < 0.001), and were more likely to be vaccinated; worrying about the adverse health effects of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.18, 95%CI 0.09−0.35; p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Health care workers should provide targeted informative interventions based on the safety and protective effects theory of HBM to improve vaccination behavior in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Duan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
| | - Congying Song
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Jinping Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
| | - Jing Li
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Mufan Li
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 032000, China; (L.D.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-355-315-1579 (J.Y.); +86-755-8392-3333-6646 (J.X.)
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.X.); Tel.: +86-355-315-1579 (J.Y.); +86-755-8392-3333-6646 (J.X.)
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15
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Livanou E, Rouka E, Sinis S, Dimeas I, Pantazopoulos I, Papagiannis D, Malli F, Kotsiou O, Gourgoulianis KI. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike Antibody Responses on Admission and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Disease in Fully Vaccinated Inpatients: The CoVax Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040640. [PMID: 35455756 PMCID: PMC9027658 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown high efficacy in protecting against COVID-19, although the determinants of vaccine effectiveness and breakthrough rates are yet to be determined. We aimed at investigating several factors affecting the SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike (S) antibody responses on admission and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease in fully vaccinated, hospitalized patients. Methods: 102 subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood serum samples were collected from each patient upon admission for the semiquantitative determination of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG S levels with lateral flow assays. Factors influencing vaccine responses were documented. Results: 27 subjects had a negative antibody test upon hospital admission. Out of the 102 patients admitted to the hospital, 88 were discharged and 14 died. Both the absence of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease were associated with older age, lower Ct values, and a shorter period between symptom onset and hospital admission. Ct values and time between symptom onset and hospitalization were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG S responses upon admission. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was identified as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Host- and disease-associated factors can predict SARS-CoV-2 IgG S responses and mortality in hospitalized patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Livanou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sotirios Sinis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ilias Dimeas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Foteini Malli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Ourania Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. CD8 + T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease and Cancer-Clinical Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864298. [PMID: 35432340 PMCID: PMC9010719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity is a sign of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and cancer. CD8+ T cells are important cells of the immune system. The cells belong to the adaptive immunity and take a front-line defense against viral infections and cancer. Extreme CD8+ T-cell activities in the lung of patients with a SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will change their functionality into exhausted state and undergo apoptosis. Such diminished immunity will put cancer cases at a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, rendering viral sepsis and a more severe condition which will finally cause a higher rate of mortality. Recovering responses from CD8+ T cells is a purpose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to discuss the CD8+ T cellular state in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and in cancer and to present some strategies for recovering the functionality of these critical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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17
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Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
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18
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Hussaniy HA, Al-Harcan NAH, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108516. [PMID: 35032828 PMCID: PMC8733219 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a worldwide infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is severe inflammatory reactions due to neutrophil recruitments and infiltration in the different organs with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which involved various complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to explore the potential role of NETs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify the targeting drugs against NETs in Covid-19 patients. Different enzyme types are involved in the formation of NETs, such as neutrophil elastase (NE), which degrades nuclear protein and release histones, peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PADA4), which releases chromosomal DNA and gasdermin D, which creates pores in the NTs cell membrane that facilitating expulsion of NT contents. Despite of the beneficial effects of NETs in controlling of invading pathogens, sustained formations of NETs during respiratory viral infections are associated with collateral tissue injury. Excessive development of NETs in SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to creation of the NETs-IL-1β loop. Also, aberrant NTs activation alone or through NETs formation may augment SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm (CS) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with severe Covid-19. Furthermore, NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with immuno-thrombosis and the development of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, anti-NETs therapy of natural or synthetic sources may mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced exaggerated immune response, hyperinflammation, immuno-thrombosis, and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Nasser A Hadi Al-Harcan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Rasheed University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia; AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Al Beheira, Egypt.
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19
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Khanna A, Bhattacharjee A, Gutch M. COVID vaccination in patients with diabetes mellitus: A catch 22 situation? J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:403-404. [PMID: 35309635 PMCID: PMC8930166 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1313_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Ali H, Alterki A, Sindhu S, Alahmad B, Hammad M, Al-Sabah S, Alghounaim M, Jamal MH, Aldei A, Mairza MJ, Husain M, Deverajan S, Ahmad R, Cherian P, Alkhairi I, Alkandari A, Abubaker J, Abu-Farha M, Al-Mulla F. Robust Antibody Levels in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals After BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752233. [PMID: 34899701 PMCID: PMC8652288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of effective vaccines for COVID-19 has been welcomed by the world with great optimism. Given their increased susceptibility to COVID-19, the question arises whether individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic conditions can respond effectively to the mRNA-based vaccine. We aimed to evaluate the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies in people with T2DM and/or other metabolic risk factors (hypertension and obesity) compared to those without. This study included 262 people (81 diabetic and 181 non-diabetic persons) that took two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Both T2DM and non-diabetic individuals had a robust response to vaccination as demonstrated by their high antibody titers. However, both SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies titers were lower in people with T2DM. The mean ( ± 1 standard deviation) levels were 154 ± 49.1 vs. 138 ± 59.4 BAU/ml for IgG and 87.1 ± 11.6 vs. 79.7 ± 19.5% for neutralizing antibodies in individuals without diabetes compared to those with T2DM, respectively. In a multiple linear regression adjusted for individual characteristics, comorbidities, previous COVID-19 infection, and duration since second vaccine dose, diabetics had 13.86 BAU/ml (95% CI: 27.08 to 0.64 BAU/ml, p=0.041) less IgG antibodies and 4.42% (95% CI: 8.53 to 0.32%, p=0.036) fewer neutralizing antibodies than non-diabetics. Hypertension and obesity did not show significant changes in antibody titers. Taken together, both type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals elicited strong immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine; nonetheless, lower levels were seen in people with diabetes. Continuous monitoring of the antibody levels might be a good indicator to guide personalized needs for further booster shots to maintain adaptive immunity. Nonetheless, it is important that people get their COVID-19 vaccination especially people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center (HSC), Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen Alterki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Zain and Al-Sabah Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait.,Animal & Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maha Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Salman Al-Sabah
- COVID-19 Research Group, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Alghounaim
- COVID-19 Research Group, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad H Jamal
- COVID-19 Research Group, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Aldei
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad J Mairza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maitham Husain
- Planning and Follow-Up Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sriraman Deverajan
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Irina Alkhairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Alkandari
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
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21
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie CJ, Neeland IJ, Lippi G. Does abdominal obesity influence immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:271-272. [PMID: 34533093 PMCID: PMC8459928 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1979392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ian J. Neeland
- UH Center for Cardiovascular Prevention and Center for Integrated and Novel Approaches in Vascular-Metabolic Disease (CINEMA), Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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22
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Risk of COVID-19 in shielded and nursing care home patients: a cohort study in general practice. BJGP Open 2021; 5:BJGPO.2021.0081. [PMID: 34446435 PMCID: PMC9447301 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 cases were first detected in the UK in January 2020 and vulnerable patients were asked to shield from March to reduce their risk of COVID-19 infection. Aim To determine the risk and determinants of COVID-19 diagnosis in shielded versus non-shielded groups, adjusted for key comorbidities not explained by shielding. Design & setting Retrospective cohort study of adults with COVID-19 infection between 1 February 2020 and 15 May 2020 in west London. Method Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 were identified in SystmOne records using clinical codes. Infection risks were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, nursing home status, and comorbidities. Results Of 57 713 adults, 573 (1%) individuals were identified as shielded and 1074 adults had documented COVID-19 infections (1.9%). COVID-19 infection rate in the shielded group individuals compared with non-shielded adult individuals was 6.5% (n = 37/573) versus 1.8% (n = 1037/57 140), P<0.001. A multivariable fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards (CPH) regression identified that COVID-19 infection was increased with shielding status (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 2.30; P = 0.048). Other determinants of COVID-19 infection included nursing home residency (aHR 7.05; 95% CI = 4.22 to 11.77; P<0.001); Black African (aHR 2.52; 95% CI = 1.99 to 3.18; P<0.001), Other (aHR 1.74; 95% CI = 1.42 to 2.13; P<0.001), Non-stated (aHR 1.70; 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.84; P = 0.04), or South Asian ethnic group (aHR 1.46; 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.93; P = 0.01); history of respiratory disease (aHR 1.51; 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.16; P = 0.02); deprivation (third versus least deprived Index of Multiple Deprivation [IMD] quintile) (aHR 1.25 ; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.56; P = 0.05); obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) (aHR 1.39; 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.63; P<0.001); and age (aHR 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.02; P<0.001. Male sex was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 infection (aHR 0.71; 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.82; P<0.001). Conclusion Shielded individuals had a higher COVID-19 infection rate compared with non-shielded individuals, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, nursing home status, and comorbidities.
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23
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Coutant F, Pin JJ, Morfin-Sherpa F, Ferry T, Paul S, Pozzetto B, Normand M, Miossec P. Impact of Host Immune Status on Discordant Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Circulating B Cell Frequencies and Antibody Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11095. [PMID: 34681752 PMCID: PMC8540683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with pre-existing chronic systemic low-grade inflammation are prone to develop severe COVID-19 and stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Whether this phenomenon reflects a differential expansion of antiviral B cells or a failure to regulate antibody synthesis remains unknown. Here, we compared the antiviral B cell repertoire of convalescent healthcare personnel to that of hospitalized patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Out of 277,500 immortalized B cell clones, antiviral B cell frequencies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence screening on SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Surprisingly, frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 specific clones from the two groups were not statistically different, despite higher antibody levels in hospitalized patients. Moreover, functional analyses revealed that several B cell clones from healthcare personnel with low antibody levels had neutralizing properties. This study reveals for the first time a key qualitative defect of antibody synthesis in severe patients and calls for caution regarding estimated protective immunity based only on circulating antiviral antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France;
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Florence Morfin-Sherpa
- Virology Department, Infective Agents Institute, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, North Hospital Network, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Virpath Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hospices Civils of Lyon-Croix-Rousse Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Stapath Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France;
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR530, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR530, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Myriam Normand
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France;
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
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Ligotti ME, Pojero F, Accardi G, Aiello A, Caruso C, Duro G, Candore G. Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, the Immunological Key Words of Severe COVID-19. Is There a Role for Stem Cell Transplantation? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725606. [PMID: 34595175 PMCID: PMC8477205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vary depending on the age, health status and sex of an individual, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. From an immunologic viewpoint, the final severe lung damage observed in COVID-19 should be caused by cytokine storm, driven mainly by interleukin-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, which immunopathogenic status precedes this "cytokine storm" and why the male older population is more severely affected, are currently unanswered questions. The aging of the immune system, i.e., immunosenescence, closely associated with a low-grade inflammatory status called "inflammageing," should play a key role. The remodeling of both innate and adaptive immune response observed with aging can partly explain the age gradient in severity and mortality of COVID-19. This review discusses how aging impacts the immune response to the virus, focusing on possible strategies to rejuvenate the immune system with stem cell-based therapies. Indeed, due to immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a worth-considering option against COVID-19 adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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25
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How May Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Affect the Outcome of COVID-19 Vaccines? Lesson Learned from the Infection. Stress 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has induced a global emergency [...]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy.
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