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Ingwani T, Chaukura N, Mamba BB, Nkambule TTI, Gilmore AM. An optimised and validated surrogate analyte A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS technique for detecting and quantifying the biological oxygen demand in surface water. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1683-1694. [PMID: 38822950 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
A 5-day test duration makes BOD5 measurement unsatisfactory and hinders the development of a quick technique. Protein-like fluorescence peaks show a strong correlation between the BOD characteristics and the fluorescence intensities. For identifying and measuring BOD in surface water, a simultaneous absorbance-transmittance and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (A-TEEM) method combined with PARAFAC (parallel factor) and PLS (partial least squares) analyses was developed using a tyrosine and tryptophan (tyr-trpt) mix as a surrogate analyte for BOD. The use of a surrogate analyte was decided upon due to lack of fluorescent BOD standards. Tyr-trpt mix standard solutions were added to surface water samples to prepare calibration and validation samples. PARAFAC analysis of excitation-emission matrices detected the tyr-trpt mix in surface water. PLS modelling demonstrated significant linearity (R2 = 0.991) between the predicted and measured tyr-trypt mix concentrations, and accuracy and robustness were all acceptable per the ICH Q2 (R2) and ASTM multivariate calibration/validation procedures guidelines. Based on a suitable and workable surrogate analyte method, these results imply that BOD can be detected and quantified using the A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS method. Very positive comparability between tyr-trypt mix concentrations was found, suggesting that tyr-trypt mix might eventually take the place of a BOD-based sampling protocol. Overall, this approach offers a novel tool that can be quickly applied in water treatment plant settings and is a step in supporting the trend toward rapid BOD determination in waters. Further studies should demonstrate the wide application of the method using real wastewater samples from various water treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ingwani
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adam M Gilmore
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Horiba Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Msengi CM, Mjemah IC, Makoba EE, Mussa KR. Hydrogeochemical characterization and assessment of factors controlling groundwater salinity in the Chamwino granitic complex, central Tanzania. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28187. [PMID: 38689954 PMCID: PMC11059420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chamwino district, central Tanzania is a semi-arid granitic complex province, where groundwater is the major source of water for domestic and other uses. However, groundwater in the area is affected by salinity, thus, lowering the availability of potable water for various uses, decrease in crop production, taste less, wastage of soap, and abnormal pain. Due to this, this study sought to characterize groundwater using hydrogeochemical facies and signatures in order to identify the factors influencing the distribution of salt water in the Chamwino Granitic Complex. A total of 141 groundwater samples were collected from wells spatially distributed within the study area from January 2023 to April 2023, (a season of relatively low rainfall). All samples were subjected to in situ analyses of physicochemical parameters pH, temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity using a multi-parameter water analyzer and analyses of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and NO3-). The study revealed that the dominant cations in the groundwater are Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, and the anions are Cl- > HCO3- > SO42. Five geological formations (granodiorite, tonalitic orthogenesis, migmatite, tonalite, and alluvium) were identified, and each is characterized by its unique groundwater facie. In the areas that are dominated with granodiorite, the major hydrogeochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl water types; tonalitic orthogenesis was dominated by Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl water types; migmatite was dominated by Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl water types; tonalite was dominated by Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl water types; and alluvium was dominated by Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl and Ca-Cl water types. The common hydrogeochemical facies in all five geological units are Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-Cl water types. It is revealed that the groundwater in the study area is alkaline in nature and slightly saline with salinity level between 0.2 mg/L (fresh water) and 2.8 mg/L (brackish water) with mean 1.07 mg/L (of 141 samples). The factors controlling groundwater salinity distribution are mainly rock-water interaction and ion exchange reactions. Groundwater salinity in the study area is largely attributed to the abundance of Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42-. Abundance of Na+ and Ca2+ is the results of both, weathering of feldspar minerals particularly plagioclase (Na-Ca feldspars) which are the major mineral in granites, and evaporation crystallization cycles of evaporates in semi-arid areas such as Chamwino. Also, such evaporation crystallization cycles account for the abundance of Cl- and SO42- especially in areas dominated by alluvium. However, anthropogenic activities as evidenced by elevated nitrate up to 212.6 mg/L in congested areas are also likely to contribute in area) to the elevated Cl- and SO42-. In other geological units such as tonalitic orthogneiss, migmatite and granodiorite, there was an ostensible mixing of saline water with fresh water from local recharge as indicated by the abundance of HCO3- ions. Nonetheless, the hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in the Chamwino granitic complex suggests that there is little possibility for groundwater to evolve to a carbonate water type (fresh water) because the groundwater salinity is mainly geogenic, unless artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Msengi
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ibrahimu C. Mjemah
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Edikafubeni E. Makoba
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Kassim R. Mussa
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Ingwani T, Chaukura N, Mamba BB, Nkambule TTI, Gilmore AM. Detection and Quantification of Bisphenol A in Surface Water Using Absorbance-Transmittance and Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrices (A-TEEM) Coupled with Multiway Techniques. Molecules 2023; 28:7048. [PMID: 37894527 PMCID: PMC10609475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present protocol, we determined the presence and concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) spiked in surface water samples using EEM fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with modelling using partial least squares (PLS) and parallel factor (PARAFAC). PARAFAC modelling of the EEM fluorescence data obtained from surface water samples contaminated with BPA unraveled four fluorophores including BPA. The best outcomes were obtained for BPA concentration (R2 = 0.996; standard deviation to prediction error's root mean square ratio (RPD) = 3.41; and a Pearson's r value of 0.998). With these values of R2 and Pearson's r, the PLS model showed a strong correlation between the predicted and measured BPA concentrations. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 3.512 and 11.708 micro molar (µM), respectively. In conclusion, BPA can be precisely detected and its concentration in surface water predicted using the PARAFAC and PLS models developed in this study and fluorescence EEM data collected from BPA-contaminated water. It is necessary to spatially relate surface water contamination data with other datasets in order to connect drinking water quality issues with health, environmental restoration, and environmental justice concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ingwani
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (T.I.); (B.B.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley 8300, South Africa;
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (T.I.); (B.B.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Thabo T. I. Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (T.I.); (B.B.M.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adam M. Gilmore
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (T.I.); (B.B.M.); (A.M.G.)
- Horiba Instruments Incorporated Inc., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Al-Harahsheh A, Al-Tarawneh A, Al-Ma'abreh A, Ramadeen S, El-Hasan T, Al-Alawi MM. Assessing of drinking water quality in Al-karak province in central Jordan; based on water saturation indices. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18862. [PMID: 37576309 PMCID: PMC10415887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Jordan is renowned for having limited water resources. The demand for water will increasing rapidly as the country's population grows and the number of refugees increases. In order to maintain the highest water quality for consumers, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and other governmental agencies are striving to manage Jordan's water resources through continuous monitoring. The main objective was to evaluate the drinking water quality at storage mixing tanks at Al-Karak province, besides, assessing its suitability for safe consumption. The investigation scheme was to monitor Al-Karak's drinking water system for three successive months. The fourteen principal storage tanks for the water distribution system in the area of investigation were sampled. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, major anions, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), and heavy metals were measured. The scaling and originality of the dissolved salt elements in the collected water samples and geochemical processes were examined using Piper and Durov diagrams. The indices used in all samples over the period of investigation, are Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive Index (AI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Water Quality Index (WQI). The results showed that scale development is high in all storage tanks, as the water is calcium carbonate supersaturated, evident from LSI values that ranges 0.5-2. According to the range of RSI values (5.91-6.6), all water tanks are resistant to corrosion. Throughout the period of study (October-December), the estimated WQIs of all samples upon average were found to be less than 50, indicating excellent water quality. Finally, the collected water samples are analyzed and found to be within the acceptable levels of Jordan's drinking water standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Al-Harahsheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mutah University, Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Amjad Al-Tarawneh
- Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environmental and Energy Research, Mutah University, Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Alaa Al-Ma'abreh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sadam Ramadeen
- Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environmental and Energy Research, Mutah University, Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | - Tayel El-Hasan
- Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environmental and Energy Research, Mutah University, Karak, 61710, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak, 61710, Jordan
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Chau HS, Xu S, Ma Y, Wang Q, Cao Y, Huang G, Ruan Y, Yan M, Liu M, Zhang K, Lam PKS. Microplastic occurrence and ecological risk assessment in the eight outlets of the Pearl River Estuary, a new insight into the riverine microplastic input to the northern South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114719. [PMID: 36821929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are unique transition zones connecting terrestrial and coastal environments and are recognized as primary conveyors for land-derived plastics to open oceans. Riverine microplastics (MPs) have been commonly investigated using sequential sampling which might not effectively reflect the actual load. In this study, sampling at eight outlets was performed during a complete tidal cycle to estimate the MP flux to the Pearl River Estuarine (PRE) using a concurrent sampling strategy. The MP abundances ranged from 2.90 ± 0.57-5.9 ± 2.27 particles/L. A remarkable difference between tides in MP abundances suggests tidal effect should not be overlooked in assessment. The MP load through the eight outlets was estimated at 304 trillion particles or 1102 tons into the PRE annually. Additionally, similar potential ecological risk assessment among eight rivers implied that environmental threats posed by less urbanized and populated rural areas on the western side have been under-evaluating for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Shan Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaru Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guangling Huang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Macao SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau (CORE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau (CORE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Pal SK, Masum MMH, Salauddin M, Hossen MA, Ruva IJ, Akhie AA. Appraisal of stormwater-induced runoff quality influenced by site-specific land use patterns in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36112-36126. [PMID: 36539661 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater runoff is considered as one of the major contributors to nonpoint source that contributes to the pollution of all water resources in the surrounding environment. Pollutant concentrations of urban stormwater runoff are directly or indirectly linked with land use types in a catchment that is quite different in different places, and hence, site-specific studies are necessary, unless otherwise the modelling of runoff quality using modelling tools may not be rationally reflected the actual field scenarios. This paper portrays the influence of land use types on stormwater runoff physicochemical quality in Chattogram city, where land use's demarcation is often complicated due to the different natural and human-induced anthropogenic factors. The stormwater runoff samples were collected from the residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial land use types, in the city of Chattogram, Bangladesh, during the period from July to September 2020. The standard laboratory protocol for elemental concentrations and principal component analysis was performed in addition to basic statistics to identify the influence of urban surface characteristics on the quality of stormwater runoff. In general, pollutant concentrations were identified by analysing key physical and chemical quality parameters including colour, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and exhibited 2 to 3 times higher concentrations than reported elsewhere. Furthermore, the present study reported the greater concentrations of few pollutants, such as TSS, BOD5, and EC, derived from the residential land uses compared to other land use types that are surprising; however, it confirmed the distinct complexity of unplanned land use patterns that should not be overlooked rather discussed. The strong correlation between land use types and stormwater runoff quality indicates the site-specific influences of runoff quality. The outcomes of this study would be particularly helpful in calibrating water quality models considering different land use types. Additionally, datasets and information obtained from this research will assist engineers and practitioners in developing decision-making tools for effective stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET), Chattogram, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan Masum
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET), Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Center for River, Harbour and Landslide Research (CRHLSR), Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salauddin
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, UCD School of Civil Engineering, and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Md Arif Hossen
- Center for Environmental Science & Engineering Research (CESER), Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan Ruva
- Department of Civil Engineering, Port City International University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Alam Akhie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ryenson University, Toronto, Canada
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Determination of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Dankran River in the Bekwai Municipality of Ghana. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7651573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution has been a major issue across the globe because of industrial activities to meet the needs of people. Many chemicals are released into the environment through these processes, which affect human health and the environment. Hence, the study aimed to assess the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, and Fe) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the Dankra River. The samples were taken from three locations, Konyaw, Jumako, and Anwiankwanta, and subjected to standard laboratory tests using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Results revealed that the Dankran river was not polluted with the selected heavy metals under study. The physicochemical properties, the biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) concentrations were all within the allowable healthy limits according to WHO standards. Iron was the predominant metal in the Dankran river, with the highest concentration of 6.5913 mg/l. Thus, the river is safe to use, but there is a need for regular monitoring to support life. The order of concentration of the investigated metals follows this pattern in descending order: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Ni > Hg.
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Advances in Technological Research for Online and In Situ Water Quality Monitoring—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring water quality is an essential tool for the control of pollutants and pathogens that can cause damage to the environment and human health. However, water quality analysis is usually performed in laboratory environments, often with the use of high-cost equipment and qualified professionals. With the progress of nanotechnology and the advance in engineering materials, several studies have shown, in recent years, the development of technologies aimed at monitoring water quality, with the ability to reduce the costs of analysis and accelerate the achievement of results for management and decision-making. In this work, a review was carried out on several low-cost developed technologies and applied in situ for water quality monitoring. Thus, new alternative technologies for the main physical (color, temperature, and turbidity), chemical (chlorine, fluorine, phosphorus, metals, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential), and biological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, algae, and cyanobacteria) water quality parameters were described. It was observed that there has been an increase in the number of publications related to the topic in recent years, mainly since 2012, with 641 studies being published in 2021. The main new technologies developed are based on optical or electrochemical sensors, however, due to the recent development of these technologies, more robust analyses and evaluations in real conditions are essential to guarantee the precision and repeatability of the methods, especially when it is desirable to compare the values with government regulatory standards.
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Mergia MT, Weldemariam ED, Eklo OM, Yimer GT. Pesticide residue levels in surface water, using a passive sampler and in the sediment along the littoral zone of Lake Ziway at selected sites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiaion® HP-20 resin passive samplers deployed in water and sediment samples collected from Lake Ziway were analyzed for 30 organochlorine, organophosphorus, carboxamide, and pyrethroid pesticide residues. The samples were collected from purposely selected sampling stations in five sites on Lake Ziway. Levels of selected pesticides were determined by GC–MS/MS in all samples. p,p′DDE and boscalid residues were the only detected pesticides in sediment samples. Similarly, only metalaxyl and boscalid residues were recovered from HP-20 resins. The concentration of p,p′DDE and boscalid in sediment ranged from 0.66–7.23 and 0.1–15.26 ng g−1 dry weight respectively. The presence of p,p′DDE but no other metabolites of DDT in all sediment samples indicated that DDT residues in Ziway Lake were aged and probably originated from the weathered agricultural soils of the surrounding region. The highest level of boscalid was recorded at Site 2 (near the floriculture enterprises) both in sediment and in HP-20 resins with a mean concentration of 11.8 ng g−1 dw and 39.6 ng g−1 disk respectively. However, the concertation of metalaxyl was the highest in the HP-20 resins deployed at Site1 and Site 4 (near the intensive small-scale vegetable farm) with a mean concentration of 54.7 ng g−1 disk and 54.3 ng g−1 disk respectively. Generally, most sampling sites of p,p′DDE were found to have a moderate ecological risk based on levels specified in the sediment quality standards. Moreover, the relatively high boscalid and metalaxyl levels in HP-20 deployed in Lake Ziway would be the result of recent intensive pesticide use by floriculture enterprises and small-scale vegetable farmers in the region. A spatial variation on the accumulation of detected pesticides among the sampling sites depends on the anthropogenic activities, around the lake from the point and non-point sources. Although most of the analyzed pesticides were below the detectable limit, further studies and continued monitoring of currently used pesticide residues in the Lake are highly recommended.
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Corbett TDW, Hartland A, Henderson W, Rys GJ, Schipper LA. Development of bromide-selective Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for the measurement of average flow rate of streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147737. [PMID: 34020089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films (DGT) have traditionally been used to measure time-weighted average concentration in water. We tested whether Br--DGT in combination with the trace-dilution flow rate method, could be used as a new approach for measuring water flow rate. A novel bromide selective DGT based on the Purolite Bromide Plus anion exchange resin (Br--DGT) was developed, which provided environmental bromide concentrations comparable to grab samples. The Br--DGT provided quantitative bromide concentrations at a range of pH, competing ion concentrations, and in synthetic natural solution. The uptake efficiency was 95.7 ± 3.4%, and the elution efficiency was 95.5 ± 4.7%. The absorption maximum/saturation point of each binding disk was 0.684 ± 0.001 mg. Bromide adsorption to the binding layer was linear to 44.1% of the total binding capacity, 0.302 mg. The determined diffusion coefficient through the agarose cross-linked polyacrylamide (APA) hydrogels was 1.05 × 10-5 cm2 s-1 at 17.9 °C, temperature corrected to 25 °C was 1.29 × 10-5 cm2 s-1. DGT flow rates were between -14.7 and 6.50% of the flow independently monitored flow rate (weir). In comparison, grab sample flow rates diverged by 5.52 to 58.9% from the weir flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D W Corbett
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand.
| | - Adam Hartland
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - Gerald J Rys
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - Louis A Schipper
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
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11
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Thaler DS, Sakmar TP. Archiving time series sewage samples as biological records of built environments. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:601. [PMID: 34167485 PMCID: PMC8222957 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary encourages the regular archiving of nucleic-acid-stabilized serial samples of wastewaters and/or sewage. Stabilized samples would facilitate retrospective reconstitution of built environments’ biological fluids. Biological time capsules would allow retrospective searches for nucleic acids from viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Current resources for testing need not be diverted if samples are saved in case they become important in the future. Systematic storage would facilitate investigation into the origin and prevalence of viruses and other agents. Comparison of prevalence data from individual and clinical samplings with community wastewater would allow valuable comparison, contrast and correlation among different testing modalities. Current interest is focused on SARS-CoV-2, but archived samples could become valuable in many contexts including surveys for other infectious and chemical agents whose identity is not currently known. Archived time series of wastewater will take their place alongside other biological repositories and records including those from medical facilities, museums, eDNA, living cell and tissue collections. Together these will prove invaluable records of the evolving Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Thaler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Program for the Human Environment, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Mbanga J, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Allam M, Ismail A, Essack SY. Genomic Insights of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli From Wastewater Sources and Their Association With Clinical Pathogens in South Africa. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:636715. [PMID: 33718473 PMCID: PMC7952442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.636715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the comparative genomic diversity of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from wastewater. We sought to characterize environmental E. coli isolates belonging to various pathotypes obtained from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and its receiving waters using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and an array of bioinformatics tools to elucidate the resistomes, virulomes, mobilomes, clonality, and phylogenies. Twelve multidrug-resistant (MDR) diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were obtained from the final effluent of a WWTP, and the receiving river upstream and downstream of the WWTP were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq machine. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed that multiple sequence types (STs), the most common of which was ST69 (n = 4) and ST10 (n = 2), followed by singletons belonging to ST372, ST101, ST569, ST218, and ST200. One isolate was assigned to a novel ST ST11351. A total of 66.7% isolates were positive for β-lactamase genes with 58.3% harboring the bla TEM1B gene and a single isolate the blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-55 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. One isolate was positive for the mcr-9 mobilized colistin resistance gene. Most antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were associated with mobile genetic support: class 1 integrons (In22, In54, In191, and In369), insertion sequences (ISs), and/or transposons (Tn402 or Tn21). A total of 31 virulence genes were identified across the study isolates, including those responsible for adhesion (lpfA, iha, and aggR), immunity (air, gad, and iss), and toxins (senB, vat, astA, and sat). The virulence genes were mostly associated with IS (IS1, IS3, IS91, IS66, IS630, and IS481) or prophages. Co-resistance to heavy metal/biocide, antibiotics were evident in several isolates. The phylogenomic analysis with South African E. coli isolates from different sources (animals, birds, and humans) revealed that isolates from this study mostly clustered with clinical isolates. Phylogenetics linked with metadata revealed that isolates did not cluster according to source but according to ST. The occurrence of pathogenic and MDR isolates in the WWTP effluent and the associated river is a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mbanga
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Akebe L. K. Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Y. Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Zhu X, Ma J. Recent advances in the determination of phosphate in environmental water samples: Insights from practical perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Autogenous Eutrophication, Anthropogenic Eutrophication, and Climate Change: Insights from the Antrift Reservoir (Hesse, Germany). SOIL SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems4020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is projected to aggravate water quality impairment and to endanger drinking water supply. The effects of global warming on water quality must be understood better to develop targeted mitigation strategies. We conducted water and sediment analyses in the eutrophicated Antrift catchment (Hesse, Germany) in the uncommonly warm years 2018/2019 to take an empirical look into the future under climate change conditions. In our study, algae blooms persisted long into autumn 2018 (November), and started early in spring 2019 (April). We found excessive phosphorus (P) concentrations throughout the year. At high flow in winter, P desorption from sediments fostered high P concentrations in the surface waters. We lead this back to the natural catchment-specific geochemical constraints of sediment P reactions (dilution- and pH-driven). Under natural conditions, the temporal dynamics of these constraints most likely led to high P concentrations, but probably did not cause algae blooms. Since the construction of a dammed reservoir, frequent algae blooms with sporadic fish kills have been occurring. Thus, management should focus less on reducing catchment P concentrations, but on counteracting summerly dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in the reservoir. Particular attention should be paid to the monitoring and control of sediment P concentrations, especially under climate change.
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