1
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Maniya NH, Kumar S, Franklin JL, Higginbotham JN, Scott AM, Gan HK, Coffey RJ, Senapati S, Chang HC. An anion exchange membrane sensor detects EGFR and its activity state in plasma CD63 extracellular vesicles from patients with glioblastoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:677. [PMID: 38830977 PMCID: PMC11148014 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a quantitative sandwich immunoassay for CD63 Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane functionalized with capture antibodies and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter functionalized with detection antibodies. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins, thus enabling direct plasma analysis without the need for EV isolation or sensor blocking. With a LOD of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. We analysed untreated clinical samples of Glioblastoma to demonstrate this new platform. Notably, we target both total and "active" EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. Analysis of samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and a low p-value of 0.000033, surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin H Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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2
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Louro AF, Meliciano A, Alves PM, Costa MHG, Serra M. A roadmap towards manufacturing extracellular vesicles for cardiac repair. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00091-X. [PMID: 38653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades researchers have linked extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mechanisms to various physiological and pathological processes in the heart, such as immune response regulation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the survival and growth of cardiomyocytes. Although use of EVs has gathered momentum in the cardiac field, several obstacles in both upstream and downstream processes during EV manufacture need to be addressed before clinical success can be achieved. Low EV yields obtained in small-scale cultures deter clinical translation, as mass production is a prerequisite to meet therapeutic doses. Moreover, standardizing EV manufacture is critical given the inherent heterogeneity of EVs and the constraints of current isolation techniques. In this review, we discuss the critical steps for the large-scale manufacturing of high-potency EVs for cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Louro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Meliciano
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta H G Costa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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3
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Mendes M, Monteiro AC, Neto E, Barrias CC, Sobrinho-Simões MA, Duarte D, Caires HR. Transforming the Niche: The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4430. [PMID: 38674015 PMCID: PMC11050723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) management remains a significant challenge in oncology due to its low survival rates and high post-treatment relapse rates, mainly attributed to treatment-resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) residing in bone marrow (BM) niches. This review offers an in-depth analysis of AML progression, highlighting the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the dynamic remodelling of BM niche intercellular communication. We explore recent advancements elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs facilitate complex crosstalk, effectively promoting AML hallmarks and drug resistance. Adopting a temporal view, we chart the evolving landscape of EV-mediated interactions within the AML niche, underscoring the transformative potential of these insights for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the review discusses the emerging understanding of endothelial cell subsets' impact across BM niches in shaping AML disease progression, adding another layer of complexity to the disease progression and treatment resistance. We highlight the potential of cutting-edge methodologies, such as organ-on-chip (OoC) and single-EV analysis technologies, to provide unprecedented insights into AML-niche interactions in a human setting. Leveraging accumulated insights into AML EV signalling to reconfigure BM niches and pioneer novel approaches to decipher the EV signalling networks that fuel AML within the human context could revolutionise the development of niche-targeted therapy for leukaemia eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mendes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A. Sobrinho-Simões
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfim Duarte
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
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Barreca V, Boussadia Z, Polignano D, Galli L, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Falchi M, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Tatti M, Sargiacomo M, Fiani ML. Metabolic labelling of a subpopulation of small extracellular vesicles using a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12392. [PMID: 38072803 PMCID: PMC10710952 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are among the most puzzling vehicles of intercellular communication, but several crucial aspects of their biogenesis remain elusive, primarily due to the difficulty in purifying vesicles with similar sizes and densities. Here we report an effective methodology for labelling small extracellular vesicles (sEV) using Bodipy FL C16, a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. In this study, we present compelling evidence that the fluorescent sEV population derived from Bodipy C16-labelled cells represents a discrete subpopulation of small exosomes following an intracellular pathway. Rapid cellular uptake and metabolism of Bodipy C16 resulted in the incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into intracellular organelles specifically excluding the plasma membrane and ultimately becoming part of the exosomal membrane. Importantly, our fluorescence labelling method facilitated accurate quantification and characterization of exosomes, overcoming the limitations of nonspecific dye incorporation into heterogeneous vesicle populations. The characterization of Bodipy-labelled exosomes reveals their enrichment in tetraspanin markers, particularly CD63 and CD81, and in minor proportion CD9. Moreover, we employed nanoFACS sorting and electron microscopy to confirm the exosomal nature of Bodipy-labelled vesicles. This innovative metabolic labelling approach, based on the fate of a fatty acid, offers new avenues for investigating exosome biogenesis and functional properties in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barreca
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Deborah Polignano
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Galli
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS CenterIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Massimo Tatti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
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5
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Asleh K, Dery V, Taylor C, Davey M, Djeungoue-Petga MA, Ouellette RJ. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology. Biomark Res 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37978566 PMCID: PMC10655470 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed to the dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter the microenvironment. While to date most advancements have been made through examining the clinical utility of tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature and lack of a holistic representation of the evolving disease in a real-time manner could result in suboptimal treatment decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches to identify biomarkers that predict and monitor treatment response as well as alert to the emergence of recurrences is of a critical need. Currently, research efforts are shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers obtained from patients over the course of disease. Liquid biopsy represents a unique opportunity to monitor intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment which could occur through the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale vesicles which transfer a plethora of biomolecules that mediate intercellular crosstalk, shape the tumor microenvironment, and modify drug response. The capture of EVs using innovative approaches, such as microfluidics, magnetic beads, and aptamers, allow their analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques and facilitate their use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning algorithms, is advancing multi-omics analyses to uncover candidate biomarkers and predictive signatures that are key for translation into clinical trials. With the increasing recognition of the role of EVs in mediating immune evasion and as a valuable biomarker source, these real-time snapshots of cellular communication are promising to become an important tool in the field of precision oncology and spur the recognition of strategies to block resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of EVs in biomarker research describing current advances in their isolation and analysis techniques as well as their function as mediators in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight recent lung cancer and melanoma studies that point towards their application as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and their potential clinical use in precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Valerie Dery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Michelle Davey
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Dr Georges L. Dumont University Hospital, Vitalite Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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6
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Maniya NH, Kumar S, Franklin JL, Higginbotham JN, Scott AM, Gan HK, Coffey RJ, Senapati S, Chang HC. Detection of EGFR and its Activity State in Plasma CD63-EVs from Glioblastoma Patients: Rapid Profiling using an Anion Exchange Membrane Sensor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562628. [PMID: 37905113 PMCID: PMC10614888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel quantitative immunoassay for CD63 EVs (extracellular vesicles) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins and fluorophore degradation, thus enabling direct plasma analysis. With a limit of detection of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. Glioblastoma necessitates improved non-invasive diagnostic approaches for early detection and monitoring. Notably, we target both total and "active" EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. This approach offers direct glioblastoma detection from untreated human patient samples. Analysis of glioblastoma clinical samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and low p-value of 0.000033, significantly surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers.
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7
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Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Lee YJ, Chae S, Choi D. Monitoring of single extracellular vesicle heterogeneity in cancer progression and therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256585. [PMID: 37823055 PMCID: PMC10562638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells actively release lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect their microenvironment, favoring their progression and response to extracellular stress. These EVs contain dynamically regulating molecular cargos (proteins and nucleic acids) selected from their parental cells, representing the active biological functionality for cancer progression. These EVs are heterogeneous according to their size and molecular composition and are usually defined based on their biogenetic mechanisms, such as exosomes and ectosomes. Recent single EV detection technologies, such as nano-flow cytometry, have revealed the dynamically regulated molecular diversity within bulk EVs, indicating complex EV heterogeneity beyond classical biogenetic-based EV subtypes. EVs can be changed by internal oncogenic transformation or external stress such as chemotherapy. Among the altered combinations of EV subtypes, only a specific set of EVs represents functional molecular cargo, enabling cancer progression and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment through their altered targeting efficiency and specificity. This review covers the heterogeneity of EVs discovered by emerging single EV analysis technologies, which reveal the complex distribution of EVs affected by oncogenic transformation and chemotherapy. Encouragingly, these unique molecular signatures in individual EVs indicate the status of their parental cancer cells. Thus, precise molecular profiling of circulating single EVs would open new areas for in-depth monitoring of the cancer microenvironment and shed new light on non-invasive diagnostic approaches using liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea
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9
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Gajula SNR, Nalla LV. Small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer: a real-time snapshot for early diagnosis and prognosis? Bioanalysis 2023; 15:367-370. [PMID: 37154153 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, 522302, India
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10
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Brezgin S, Parodi A, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Lukashev A, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky VS, Slatinskaya O, Maksimov G, Zamyatnin AA, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. Technological aspects of manufacturing and analytical control of biological nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108122. [PMID: 36813011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived biological nanoparticles that gained great interest for drug delivery. EVs have numerous advantages compared to synthetic nanoparticles, such as ideal biocompatibility, safety, ability to cross biological barriers and surface modification via genetic or chemical methods. On the other hand, the translation and the study of these carriers resulted difficult, mostly because of significant issues in up-scaling, synthesis and impractical methods of quality control. However, current manufacturing advances enable EV packaging with any therapeutic cargo, including DNA, RNA (for RNA vaccines and RNA therapeutics), proteins, peptides, RNA-protein complexes (including gene-editing complexes) and small molecules drugs. To date, an array of new and upgraded technologies have been introduced, substantially improving EV production, isolation, characterization and standardization. The used-to-be "gold standards" of EV manufacturing are now outdated, and the state-of-art requires extensive revision. This review re-evaluates the pipeline for EV industrial production and provides a critical overview of the modern technologies required for their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
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11
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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Comprehensive isolation of extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1462-1487. [PMID: 36914899 PMCID: PMC10445291 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing appreciation for the heterogeneous nature of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In addition, two nonvesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs), exomeres and supermeres, have been discovered recently that are enriched in many cargo previously ascribed to EVs. The EV field has largely focused on EV isolation and characterization, while studies on NVEPs are limited. At this juncture, it is critically important to have robust and reliable methods to separate distinct populations of EVs and NVEPs to assign cargo to their correct carrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive step-by-step protocol for sequential isolation of large and small EVs, nonvesicular fractions, exomeres and supermeres from the same starting material. We describe in detail the use of differential ultracentrifugation, filtration, concentration and high-resolution density-gradient fractionation to obtain purified fractions of distinct populations of EVs and NVEPs. This protocol allows assignment and enrichment of a biomolecule of interest to its specific extracellular compartment. Compared to other isolation methods, our protocol has unique advantages, including high purity and reproducibility, with minimal expertise required. The protocol can be applied to purification of EVs and NVEPs from cell culture medium and human plasma and requires ~72 h to complete. Adoption of this protocol will help translational investigators identify potential circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a host of human diseases and allow basic scientists to better understand EV and NVEP biogenesis and function. Overall, this protocol will allow those interested in isolating EVs and extracellular particles to advance scientific inquiry to answer outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Yuan Q, Su K, Li S, Long X, Liu L, Sun J, Yuan X, Yang M, Tian R, Zhang W, Deng Z, Li Q, Ke C, He Y, Cheng C, Yuan J, Wen Z, Zhou W, Yuan Z. Selective CDK9 knockdown sensitizes TRAIL response by suppression of antiapoptotic factors and NF-kappaB pathway. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01842-4. [PMID: 37060507 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The aberrantly up-regulated CDK9 can be targeted for cancer therapy. The CDK inhibitor dinaciclib (Dina) has been found to drastically sensitizes cancer response to TRAIL-expressing extracellular vesicle (EV-T). However, the low selectivity of Dina has limited its application for cancer. We propose that CDK9-targeted siRNA (siCDK9) may be a good alternative to Dina. The siCDK9 molecules were encapsulated into EV-Ts to prepare a complexed nanodrug (siEV-T). It was shown to efficiently suppress CDK9 expression and overcome TRAIL resistance to induce strikingly augmented apoptosis in lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo, with a mechanism related to suppression of both anti-apoptotic factors and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Therefore, siEV-T potentially constitutes a novel, highly effective and safe therapy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Su
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Long
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujie Deng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjiang Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Ke
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue He
- Jinhang Bio-Science and Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Jinhang Bio-Science and Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingna Yuan
- Jinhang Bio-Science and Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohao Wen
- Jinhang Bio-Science and Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang F, Wang X, Zhan S, Yang X, Xu C, Liu D. Reversible zwitterionic coordination enables rapid, high-yield, and high-purity isolation of extracellular vesicles from biofluids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4568. [PMID: 37058564 PMCID: PMC10104463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great clinical value as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. This field, however, is hindered by technical challenges in the isolation of EVs from biofluids for downstream purposes. We here report a rapid (<30 min) isolation method for EV extraction from diverse biofluids with yield and purity exceeding 90%. These high performances are ascribed to the reversible zwitterionic coordination between the phosphatidylcholine (PC) on EV membranes and the "PC-inverse" choline phosphate (CP) decorated on magnetic beads. By coupling this isolation method with proteomics, a set of differentially expressed proteins on the EVs were identified as potential colon cancer biomarkers. Last, we demonstrated that the EVs in various clinically relevant biofluids, such as blood serum, urine, and saliva, can also be isolated efficiently, outperforming the conventional approaches in terms of simplicity, speed, yield, and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Saisong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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Cable J, Witwer KW, Coffey RJ, Milosavljevic A, von Lersner AK, Jimenez L, Pucci F, Barr MM, Dekker N, Barman B, Humphrys D, Williams J, de Palma M, Guo W, Bastos N, Hill AF, Levy E, Hantak MP, Crewe C, Aikawa E, Adamczyk AM, Zanotto TM, Ostrowski M, Arab T, Rabe DC, Sheikh A, da Silva DR, Jones JC, Okeoma C, Gaborski T, Zhang Q, Gololobova O. Exosomes, microvesicles, and other extracellular vesicles-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1523:24-37. [PMID: 36961472 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid-bilayer-bound particles released by cells that can contain important bioactive molecules, including lipids, RNAs, and proteins. Once released in the extracellular environment, EVs can act as messengers locally as well as to distant tissues to coordinate tissue homeostasis and systemic responses. There is a growing interest in not only understanding the physiology of EVs as signaling particles but also leveraging them as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (e.g., they can be found in biofluids) and drug-delivery vehicles. On October 30-November 2, 2022, researchers in the EV field convened for the Keystone symposium "Exosomes, Microvesicles, and Other Extracellular Vesicles" to discuss developing standardized language and methodology, new data on the basic biology of EVs and potential clinical utility, as well as novel technologies to isolate and characterize EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ferdinando Pucci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maureen M Barr
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Niek Dekker
- Protein Sciences, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bahnisikha Barman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Justin Williams
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michele de Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL); Agora Cancer Research Center; and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nuno Bastos
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; IPATIMUP Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology; and ICBAS Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University and Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology; and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Hantak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamires M Zanotto
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Rabe
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology and Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chioma Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Gaborski
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Parlatan U, Ozen MO, Kecoglu I, Koyuncu B, Torun H, Khalafkhany D, Loc I, Ogut MG, Inci F, Akin D, Solaroglu I, Ozoren N, Unlu MB, Demirci U. Label-Free Identification of Exosomes using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205519. [PMID: 36642804 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from cells, carry various cargo molecules reflecting their cells of origin. As EV content, structure, and size are highly heterogeneous, their classification via cargo molecules by determining their origin is challenging. Here, a method is presented combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with machine learning algorithms to employ the classification of EVs derived from five different cell lines to reveal their cellular origins. Using an artificial neural network algorithm, it is shown that the label-free Raman spectroscopy method's prediction ratio correlates with the ratio of HT-1080 exosomes in the mixture. This machine learning-assisted SERS method enables a new direction through label-free investigation of EV preparations by differentiating cancer cell-derived exosomes from those of healthy. This approach will potentially open up new avenues of research for early detection and monitoring of various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Parlatan
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
- Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine, BioAcoustic MEMS in Medicine Lab (BAMM), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine, BioAcoustic MEMS in Medicine Lab (BAMM), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ibrahim Kecoglu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Koyuncu
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Hulya Torun
- Koc University Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Davod Khalafkhany
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Apoptosis and Cancer Immunology Laboratory (AKiL), Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Irem Loc
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine, BioAcoustic MEMS in Medicine Lab (BAMM), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Demir Akin
- Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine, BioAcoustic MEMS in Medicine Lab (BAMM), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Ozoren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Apoptosis and Cancer Immunology Laboratory (AKiL), Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burcin Unlu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering Quantum Medical Science and Engineering (GI-CoRE Cooperating Hub), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Department of Radiology Stanford School of Medicine, BioAcoustic MEMS in Medicine Lab (BAMM), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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16
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Lee Y, Ni J, Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36797736 PMCID: PMC9933347 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical tools for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis are insufficient but liquid biopsy of different bodily fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive strategy that provides a real-time snapshot of tumour biomarkers for early diagnosis, active surveillance of progression, and post-treatment recurrence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous structures 50-1000 nm in diameter that are released by cells into biological fluids. EVs contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids which play pivotal roles in tumourigenesis and metastasis through cell-to-cell communication. Proteins and miRNAs from small EVs (sEV), which range in size from 50-150 nm, are being investigated as a potential source for novel BC biomarkers using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing. This review covers recent developments in sEV isolation and single sEV analysis technologies and summarises the sEV protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. The limitations of current sEV biomarker research are discussed along with future perspective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.416398.10000 0004 0417 5393Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
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17
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Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles and Particles: Molecular Voxels in the Blood Borne "Hologram" of Organ Function, Disfunction and Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:5. [PMID: 36729313 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) serve as unique carriers of complex molecular information with increasingly recognized roles in health and disease. Individual EVs/EPs collectively contribute to the molecular fingerprint of their producing cell, reflecting its identity, state, function and phenotype. This property is of particular interest in cancer where enormous heterogeneity of cancer cells is compounded by the presence of altered stromal, vascular and immune cell populations, which is further complicated by systemic responses elicited by the disease in individual patients. These diverse and interacting cellular compartments are dynamically represented by myriads of EVs/EPs released into the circulating biofluids (blood) during cancer progression and treatment. Current approaches of liquid biopsy seek to follow specific elements of the EV/EP cargo that may have diagnostic utility (as biomarkers), such as cancer cell-derived mutant oncoproteins or nucleic acids. However, with emerging technologies enabling high-throughput EV/EP analysis at a single particle level, a more holistic approach may be on the horizon. Indeed, each EV/EP carries multidimensional information (molecular "voxel") that could be integrated across thousands of particles into a larger and unbiased landscape (EV/EP "hologram") reflecting the true cellular complexity of the disease, along with cellular interactions, systemic responses and effects of treatment. Thus, the longitudinal molecular mapping of EV/EP populations may add a new dimension to crucial aspects of cancer biology, personalized diagnostics, and therapy.
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18
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Rehman FU, Liu Y, Zheng M, Shi B. Exosomes based strategies for brain drug delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121949. [PMID: 36525706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug delivery, higher biocompatibility, facile traversing of physiological barriers, and subtle side effects, exosomes shorten their way to clinical translation. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles primarily involved in intercellular communication and exhibit natural blood-brain barrier (BBB) traversing ability, which enables their application as drug delivery vehicles for brain diseases treatment. Herein, we highlight recent exosome-based drug delivery endeavors for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer therapy, summarize the obstacles and future directions in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ur Rehman
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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19
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Cai R, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu B, Wu Y, Pang J, Ma C. The role of extracellular vesicles in periodontitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151322. [PMID: 37114060 PMCID: PMC10126335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent disease and one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Biofilms are initiating factor of periodontitis, which can destroy periodontal tissue by producing virulence factors. The overactivated host immune response is the primary cause of periodontitis. The clinical examination of periodontal tissues and the patient's medical history are the mainstays of periodontitis diagnosis. However, there is a lack of molecular biomarkers that can be used to identify and predict periodontitis activity precisely. Non-surgical and surgical treatments are currently available for periodontitis, although both have drawbacks. In clinical practice, achieving the ideal therapeutic effect remains a challenge. Studies have revealed that bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to export virulence proteins to host cells. Meanwhile, periodontal tissue cells and immune cells produce EVs that have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, EVs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Recent studies have also presented that the content and composition of EVs in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can serve as possible periodontitis diagnostic indicators. In addition, studies have indicated that stem cell EVs may encourage periodontal regeneration. In this article, we mainly review the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
| | - Chufan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
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20
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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21
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Weaver JW, Zhang J, Rojas J, Musich PR, Yao Z, Jiang Y. The application of exosomes in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1022725. [PMID: 36438660 PMCID: PMC9684310 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1022725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and invasive breast cancer (BC) subtype that is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-negative. So far, the treatment of TNBC is still ineffective due to the lack of well-defined molecular targets. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles composed of lipid bilayers. They originate from various types of donor cells and release a complex mixture of contents including diverse nucleic acid types (miRNA, LnRNA, siRNA, and DNA) and proteins; after binding to recipient cells the exosomes release their contents that execute their biological functions. Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of TNBC, including tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, immune escape, and drug resistance. On the other hand, exosomes can be valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of TNBC. More interestingly, exosomes can be harnessed as a nanosized drug-delivery system specifically targeting TNBC. In this review, we present the most recent mechanistic findings and clinical applications of exosomes in TNBC therapy, focusing on their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, nanoscale drug delivery platforms, and immunotherapeutic agents. In addition, the associated challenges and future directions of using exosomes for TNBC treatment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Juan Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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22
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Glass SE, Coffey RJ. Recent Advances in the Study of Extracellular Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1188-1197. [PMID: 35724732 PMCID: PMC9613516 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been significant progress in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) since the 2017 American Gastroenterological Association-sponsored Freston Conference "Extracellular Vesicles: Biology, Translation and Clinical Application in GI Disorders." The burgeoning interest in this field stems from the increasing recognition that EVs represent an understudied form of cell-to-cell communication and contain cargo replete with biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This short review will highlight recent advances in the field, with an emphasis on colorectal cancer. After a brief introduction to secreted particles, we will describe how our laboratory became interested in EVs, which led to refined methods of isolation and identification of 2 secreted nanoparticles. We will then summarize the cargo found in small EVs released from colorectal cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as those found in the circulation of patients with colorectal cancer. Finally, we will consider the continuing challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Glass
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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23
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Carrillo-Rodríguez P, Robles-Guirado JÁ, Cruz-Palomares A, Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, González-Paredes E, Más-Ciurana A, Franco-Herrera C, Ruiz-de-Castroviejo-Teba PA, Lario A, Longobardo V, Montosa-Hidalgo L, Pérez-Sánchez-Cañete MM, Corzo-Corbera MM, Redondo-Sánchez S, Jodar AB, Blanco FJ, Zumaquero E, Merino R, Sancho J, Zubiaur M. Extracellular vesicles from pristane-treated CD38-deficient mice express an anti-inflammatory neutrophil protein signature, which reflects the mild lupus severity elicited in these mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013236. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In CD38-deficient (Cd38-/-) mice intraperitoneal injection of pristane induces a lupus-like disease, which is milder than that induced in WT mice, showing significant differences in the inflammatory and autoimmune processes triggered by pristane. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are present in all body fluids. Shed by cells, their molecular make-up reflects that of their cell of origin and/or tissue pathological situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the protein composition, protein abundance, and functional clustering of EV released by peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in the pristane experimental lupus model, to identify predictive or diagnostic biomarkers that might discriminate the autoimmune process in lupus from inflammatory reactions and/or normal physiological processes. In this study, thanks to an extensive proteomic analysis and powerful bioinformatics software, distinct EV subtypes were identified in the peritoneal exudates of pristane-treated mice: 1) small EV enriched in the tetraspanin CD63 and CD9, which are likely of exosomal origin; 2) small EV enriched in CD47 and CD9, which are also enriched in plasma-membrane, membrane-associated proteins, with an ectosomal origin; 3) small EV enriched in keratins, ECM proteins, complement/coagulation proteins, fibrin clot formation proteins, and endopetidase inhibitor proteins. This enrichment may have an inflammation-mediated mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition origin, representing a protein corona on the surface of peritoneal exudate EV; 4) HDL-enriched lipoprotein particles. Quantitative proteomic analysis allowed us to identify an anti-inflammatory, Annexin A1-enriched pro-resolving, neutrophil protein signature, which was more prominent in EV from pristane-treated Cd38-/- mice, and quantitative differences in the protein cargo of the ECM-enriched EV from Cd38-/- vs WT mice. These differences are likely to be related with the distinct inflammatory outcome shown by Cd38-/- vs WT mice in response to pristane treatment. Our results demonstrate the power of a hypothesis-free and data-driven approach to transform the heterogeneity of the peritoneal exudate EV from pristane-treated mice in valuable information about the relative proportion of different EV in a given sample and to identify potential protein markers specific for the different small EV subtypes, in particular those proteins defining EV involved in the resolution phase of chronic inflammation.
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24
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Mateescu B, Jones JC, Alexander RP, Alsop E, An JY, Asghari M, Boomgarden A, Bouchareychas L, Cayota A, Chang HC, Charest A, Chiu DT, Coffey RJ, Das S, De Hoff P, deMello A, D’Souza-Schorey C, Elashoff D, Eliato KR, Franklin JL, Galas DJ, Gerstein MB, Ghiran IH, Go DB, Gould S, Grogan TR, Higginbotham JN, Hladik F, Huang TJ, Huo X, Hutchins E, Jeppesen DK, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Kim BY, Kim S, Kim KM, Kim Y, Kitchen RR, Knouse V, LaPlante EL, Lebrilla CB, Lee LJ, Lennon KM, Li G, Li F, Li T, Liu T, Liu Z, Maddox AL, McCarthy K, Meechoovet B, Maniya N, Meng Y, Milosavljevic A, Min BH, Morey A, Ng M, Nolan J, De Oliveira Junior GP, Paulaitis ME, Phu TA, Raffai RL, Reátegui E, Roth ME, Routenberg DA, Rozowsky J, Rufo J, Senapati S, Shachar S, Sharma H, Sood AK, Stavrakis S, Stürchler A, Tewari M, Tosar JP, Tucker-Schwartz AK, Turchinovich A, Valkov N, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Vickers KC, Vojtech L, Vreeland WN, Wang C, Wang K, Wang Z, Welsh JA, Witwer KW, Wong DT, Xia J, Xie YH, Yang K, Zaborowski MP, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Zivkovic AM, Laurent LC. Phase 2 of extracellular RNA communication consortium charts next-generation approaches for extracellular RNA research. iScience 2022; 25:104653. [PMID: 35958027 PMCID: PMC9358052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular RNA communication consortium (ERCC) is an NIH-funded program aiming to promote the development of new technologies, resources, and knowledge about exRNAs and their carriers. After Phase 1 (2013-2018), Phase 2 of the program (ERCC2, 2019-2023) aims to fill critical gaps in knowledge and technology to enable rigorous and reproducible methods for separation and characterization of both bulk populations of exRNA carriers and single EVs. ERCC2 investigators are also developing new bioinformatic pipelines to promote data integration through the exRNA atlas database. ERCC2 has established several Working Groups (Resource Sharing, Reagent Development, Data Analysis and Coordination, Technology Development, nomenclature, and Scientific Outreach) to promote collaboration between ERCC2 members and the broader scientific community. We expect that ERCC2's current and future achievements will significantly improve our understanding of exRNA biology and the development of accurate and efficient exRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic, and theranostic biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mateescu
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric Alsop
- Neurogenomics Division, TGen, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ji Yeong An
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Boomgarden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Laura Bouchareychas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Alfonso Cayota
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- University Hospital, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - David Elashoff
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash R. Eliato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Franklin
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - David J. Galas
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Mark B. Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ionita H. Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David B. Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Stephen Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tristan R. Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James N. Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiaoye Huo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Dennis K. Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Betty Y.S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology & Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert R. Kitchen
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vaughan Knouse
- Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily L. LaPlante
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - L. James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tieyi Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595, USA
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kyle McCarthy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Nalin Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amber Morey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Ng
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - John Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael E. Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tuan Anh Phu
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Robert L. Raffai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service (112G), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew E. Roth
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Joel Rozowsky
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sigal Shachar
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Aderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Stürchler
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit, School of Science, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Heidelberg Biolabs GmbH, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nedyalka Valkov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wyatt N. Vreeland
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - ZeYu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David T.W. Wong
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mikołaj P. Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Cammarata G, Barraco N, Giusti I, Gristina V, Dolo V, Taverna S. Extracellular Vesicles-ceRNAs as Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Looking into circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Code. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143404. [PMID: 35884464 PMCID: PMC9324482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with ovarian cancer have a very poor chance of long-term survival, usually due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles contain noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, piwiRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, with regulatory effects on ovarian cancer. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer-associated circular RNA shuttled by extracellular vesicles as mediators of cancer progression and novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy. We propose a circular-RNA–microRNA-mRNA code that can reveal the regulatory network created by extracellular vesicles, noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs in ovarian cancer. Future research in this field will help to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and druggable therapeutic targets, which will ultimately benefit patients. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies in females worldwide. OC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of specific symptoms and effective screening tests, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. Age, genetic alterations, and family history are the major risk factors for OC pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying OC progression, identifying new biomarkers for early detection, and discovering potential targets for new drugs are urgent needs. Liquid biopsy (LB), used for cancer detection and management, consists of a minimally invasive approach and practical alternative source to investigate tumor alterations by testing extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor cells, tumor-educated platelets, and cell-free nucleic acids. EVs are nanosize vesicles shuttling proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, such as DNA, RNA, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can induce phenotypic reprogramming of target cells. EVs are natural intercellular shuttles for ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular-RNAs (circRNAs), known to have regulatory effects in OC. Here we focus on the involvement of circRNAs and miRNAs in OC cancer progression. The circRNA-microRNA-mRNA axis has been investigated with Circbank and miRwalk analysis, unraveling the intricate and detailed regulatory network created by EVs, ncRNAs, and mRNAs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Nguyen PH, Le AH, Pek JSQ, Pham TT, Jayasinghe MK, Do DV, Phung CD, Le MT. Extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins - Smart messengers of blood cells in the circulation. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e49. [PMID: 38938581 PMCID: PMC11080875 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BCEVs) and lipoproteins are the major circulating nanoparticles in blood that play an important role in intercellular communication. They have attracted significant interest for clinical applications, given their endogenous characteristics which make them stable, biocompatible, well tolerated, and capable of permeating biological barriers efficiently. In this review, we describe the basic characteristics of BCEVs and lipoproteins and summarize their implications in both physiological and pathological processes. We also outline well accepted workflows for the isolation and characterization of these circulating nanoparticles. Importantly, we highlight the latest progress and challenges associated with the use of circulating nanoparticles as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions in multiple diseases. We spotlight novel engineering approaches and designs to facilitate the development of these nanoparticles by enhancing their stability, targeting capability, and delivery efficiency. Therefore, the present work provides a comprehensive overview of composition, biogenesis, functions, and clinical translation of circulating nanoparticles from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H.D. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Anh Hong Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jonetta Shi Qi Pek
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Thach Tuan Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology ProgrammeCancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dang Vinh Do
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cao Dai Phung
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Minh T.N. Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology ProgrammeCancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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28
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Mousavi SM, Amin Mahdian SM, Ebrahimi MS, Taghizadieh M, Vosough M, Sadri Nahand J, Hosseindoost S, Vousooghi N, Javar HA, Larijani B, Hadjighassem MR, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:758-791. [PMID: 35664698 PMCID: PMC9130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Calvo V, Izquierdo M. T Lymphocyte and CAR-T Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050790. [PMID: 35269412 PMCID: PMC8909086 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a very diverse group of cell-derived vesicles released by almost all kind of living cells. EV are involved in intercellular exchange, both nearby and systemically, since they induce signals and transmit their cargo (proteins, lipids, miRNAs) to other cells, which subsequently trigger a wide variety of biological responses in the target cells. However, cell surface receptor-induced EV release is limited to cells from the immune system, including T lymphocytes. T cell receptor activation of T lymphocytes induces secretion of EV containing T cell receptors for antigen and several bioactive molecules, including proapoptotic proteins. These EV are specific for antigen-bearing cells, which make them ideal candidates for a cell-free, EV-dependent cancer therapy. In this review we examine the generation of EV by T lymphocytes and CAR-T cells and some potential therapeutic approaches of these EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Señalización Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-497-3117
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Khan K, Caron C, Mahmoud I, Derish I, Schwertani A, Cecere R. Extracellular Vesicles as a Cell-free Therapy for Cardiac Repair: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Preclinical Trials in Animal Myocardial Infarction Models. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1143-1167. [PMID: 35107768 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration has been gaining traction as a possible intervention for the reduction of the burden associated with MI and heart failure. However, stem cell therapies have several shortcomings, including poor engraftment, limited improvements in cardiac function, and possible teratogenicity. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cell sources have been explored as a novel therapy to regenerate the injured myocardium in several animal MI trials. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigate the use of stem cell-derived EVs for cardiac repair preclinical trials in animal MI models. Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science and grey literature (Canadian Agency for Drugs, Technologies in Health, and Google Scholar) were searched through August 20, 2020 and 37 articles were included in the final analysis. The overall effect size observed in EV-treated small animals after MI for ejection fraction (EF) was 10.85 [95 %CI: 8.79, 12.90] and for fractional shortening (FS) was 7.19 [95 %CI: 5.43, 8.96] compared to control-treated animals. The most abundant stem cell source used were mesenchymal stem cells which showed robust improvements in EF and FS (MD = 11.89 [95 % CI: 9.44, 14.34] and MD = 6.96 [95 % CI: 4.97, 8.96], respectively). Significant publication bias was detected for EF and FS outcomes. This study supports the use of EVs derived from stem cells as a novel therapy for cardiac repair after MI. Further investigation in larger animal studies may be necessary before clinical trials.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019142218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Glen Campus - The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Caron
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Glen Campus - The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ibtisam Mahmoud
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ida Derish
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Glen Campus - The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Glen Campus - The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renzo Cecere
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Glen Campus - The Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block C, C07.1284, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Simultaneously enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis via macrophage-derived exosomes upon stimulation with titania nanotubes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 134:112708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Molino JVD, Carpine R, Gademann K, Mayfield S, Sieber S. Development of a cell surface display system in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Lee YJ, Seo CW, Lee D, Choi D. Proteomics of Extracellular Vesicle in Glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:207-214. [DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chul Won Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Donghyeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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34
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Saad MG, Beyenal H, Dong WJ. Exosomes as Powerful Engines in Cancer: Isolation, Characterization and Detection Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:518. [PMID: 34940275 PMCID: PMC8699402 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, powerful extracellular nanovesicles released from almost all types of living cells, are considered the communication engines (messengers) that control and reprogram physiological pathways inside target cells within a community or between different communities. The cell-like structure of these extracellular vesicles provides a protective environment for their proteins and DNA/RNA cargos, which serve as biomarkers for many malicious diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. Cancer-derived exosomes control cancer metastasis, prognosis, and development. In addition to the unique structure of exosomes, their nanometer size and tendency of interacting with cells makes them a viable novel drug delivery solution. In recent years, numerous research efforts have been made to quantify and characterize disease-derived exosomes for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to (1) relate exosome biomarkers to their origins, (2) focus on current isolation and detection methods, (3) discuss and evaluate the proposed technologies deriving from exosome research for cancer treatment, and (4) form a conclusion about the prospects of the current exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Ji Dong
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.G.S.); (H.B.)
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35
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Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1240-1254. [PMID: 34887515 PMCID: PMC8656144 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and exomere nanoparticles are under intense investigation as sources of clinically relevant cargo. Here we report the discovery of a distinct extracellular nanoparticle, termed supermere. Supermeres are morphologically distinct from exomeres and display a markedly greater uptake in vivo compared with small extracellular vesicles and exomeres. The protein and RNA composition of supermeres differs from small extracellular vesicles and exomeres. Supermeres are highly enriched with cargo involved in multiple cancers (glycolytic enzymes, TGFBI, miR-1246, MET, GPC1 and AGO2), Alzheimer’s disease (APP) and cardiovascular disease (ACE2, ACE and PCSK9). The majority of extracellular RNA is associated with supermeres rather than small extracellular vesicles and exomeres. Cancer-derived supermeres increase lactate secretion, transfer cetuximab resistance and decrease hepatic lipids and glycogen in vivo. This study identifies a distinct functional nanoparticle replete with potential circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a host of human diseases. Zhang et al. identify and characterize supermeres as extracellular nanoparticles that exhibit unique biological and functional properties with potential prognostic and therapeutic value across distinct diseases.
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36
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Affibody Functionalized Beads for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112014. [PMID: 34769444 PMCID: PMC8584739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes belong to the class of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, which are regarded as a promising source of cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsy. As a result, an accurate, sensitive, and specific quantification of these nano-sized particles is of significant importance. Affinity-based approaches are recognized as the most valuable technique for exosome isolation and characterization. Indeed, Affibody biomolecules are a type of protein scaffold engineered with small size and enjoy the features of high thermal stability, affinity, and specificity. While the utilization of antibodies, aptamers, and other biologically active substances for exosome detection has been reported widely, there are no reports describing Affibody molecules’ usage for exosome detection. In this study, for the first time, we have proposed a novel strategy of using Affibody functionalized microbeads (AffiBeads) for exosome detection with a high degree of efficiency. As a proof-of-concept, anti-EGFR-AffiBeads were fabricated and applied to capture and detect human lung A549 cancer cell-derived EGFR-positive exosomes using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Moreover, the capture efficiency of the AffiBeads were compared with its counterpart antibody. Our results showed that the Affibody probe had a detection limit of 15.6 ng exosomes per mL (~12 exosomes per AffiBead). The approach proposed in the current study can be used for sensitive detection of low expression level markers on tumor-derived exosomes, providing a basis for early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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37
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Dosing extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113961. [PMID: 34481030 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles containing biologically active molecules. They are important mediators of intercellular communication and can be exploited therapeutically by various bioengineering approaches. To accurately determine the therapeutic potential of EVs in pre-clinical and clinical settings, dependable dosing strategies are of utmost importance. However, the field suffers from inconsistencies comprising all areas of EV production and characterisation. Therefore, a standardised and well-defined process in EV quantification, key to reliable therapeutic EV dosing, remains to be established. Here, we examined 64 pre-clinical studies for EV-based therapeutics with respect to their applied EV dosing strategies. We identified variations in effective dosing strategies irrespective of the applied EV purification method and cell source. Moreover, we found dose discrepancies depending on the disease model, where EV doses were selected without accounting for published EV pharmacokinetics or biodistribution patterns. We therefore propose to focus on qualitative aspects when dosing EV-based therapeutics, such as the potency of the therapeutic cargo entity. This will ensure batch-to-batch reliability and enhance reproducibility between applications. Furthermore, it will allow for the successful benchmarking of EV-based therapeutics compared to other nanoparticle drug delivery systems, such as viral vector-based or lipid-based nanoparticle approaches.
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38
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Askenase PW. Exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are 'The Elephant in the Room'. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2038-2053. [PMID: 33944671 PMCID: PMC8582996 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), such as exosomes, are emerging biologic entities that mediate important newly recognized functional effects. Exosomes are intracellular endosome-originating, cell-secreted, small nano-size EV. They can transfer cargo molecules like miRNAs to act intracellularly in targeted acceptor cells, to then mediate epigenetic functional alterations. Exosomes among EV, are universal nanoparticles of life that are present across all species. Some critics mistakenly hold exosomes to concepts and standards of cells, whereas they are subcellular nanospheres that are a million times smaller, have neither nuclei nor mitochondria, are far less complex and currently cannot be studied deeply and elegantly by many and diverse technologies developed for cells over many years. There are important concerns about the seeming impossibility of biologically significant exosome transfers of very small amounts of miRNAs resulting in altered targeted cell functions. These hesitations are based on current canonical concepts developed for non-physiological application of miRNAs alone, or artificial non-quantitative genetic expression. Not considered is that the natural physiologic intercellular transit via exosomes can contribute numerous augmenting carrier effects to functional miRNA transfers. Some of these are particularly stimulated complex extracellular and intracellular physiologic processes activated in the exosome acceptor cells that can crucially influence the intracellular effects of the transferred miRNAs. These can lead to molecular chemical changes altering DNA expression for mediating functional changes of the targeted cells. Such exosome mediated molecular transfers of epigenetic functional alterations, are the most exciting and life-altering property that these nano EV bring to virtually all of biology and medicine. .Abbreviations: Ab, Antibody Ag Antigen; APC, Antigen presenting cells; CS, contact sensitivity; DC, Dendritic cells; DTH, Delayed-type hypersensitivity; EV, extracellular vesicles; EV, Extracellular vesicle; FLC, Free light chains of antibodies; GI, gastrointestinal; IP, Intraperitoneal administration; IV, intravenous administration; OMV, Outer membrane vesicles released by bacteria; PE, Phos-phatidylethanolamine; PO, oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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39
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Zhu S, Li S, Yi M, Li N, Wu K. Roles of Microvesicles in Tumor Progression and Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7071-7090. [PMID: 34703228 PMCID: PMC8536885 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are extracellular vesicles with diameter ranging from 100 to 1000 nm that are secreted by tumor cells or other cells in the tumor microenvironment. A growing number of studies demonstrate that tumor-derived microvesicles are involved in tumor initiation and progression, as well as drug resistance. In addition, tumor-derived microvesicles carry a variety of immunogenic molecules and inhibit tumor response to immunotherapy; therefore, they can be exploited for use in tumor vaccines. Moreover, because of their high stability, tumor-derived microvesicles extracted from body fluids can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or assessment of prognosis. Tumor-derived microvesicles can also be deployed to reverse drug resistance of tumor regenerative cells, or to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of cancer patients. This review summarizes the general characteristics of tumor-derived microvesicles, focusing on their biological characteristics, their involvement in tumor progression, and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
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40
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Sharma S, Masud MK, Kaneti YV, Rewatkar P, Koradia A, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Popat A, Salomon C. Extracellular Vesicle Nanoarchitectonics for Novel Drug Delivery Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102220. [PMID: 34216426 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer intercellular messages in various (patho)physiological processes and transport biomolecules to recipient cells. EVs possess the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods, identifying them as natural carriers for drugs and biologics. However, the challenges associated with EVs isolation, heterogeneity, coexistence with homologous biomolecules, and lack of site-specific delivery, have impeded their potential. In recent years, the amalgamation of EVs with rationally engineered nanostructures has been proposed for achieving effective drug loading and site-specific delivery. With the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, different nanostructures with tunable size, shapes, and surface properties can be integrated with EVs for drug loading, target binding, efficient delivery, and therapeutics. Such integration may enable improved cellular targeting and the protection of encapsulated drugs for enhanced and specific delivery to target cells. This review summarizes the recent development of nanostructure amalgamated EVs for drug delivery, therapeutics, and real-time monitoring of disease progression. With a specific focus on the exosomal cargo, diverse drug delivery system, and biomimetic nanostructures based on EVs for selective drug delivery, this review also chronicles the needs and challenges of EV-based biomimetic nanostructures and provides a future outlook on the strategies posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Prarthana Rewatkar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Aayushi Koradia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Morales-Kastresana A, Welsh JA, Jones JC. Detection and Sorting of Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses Using nanoFACS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 95:e81. [PMID: 33332760 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sub-micron-sized membranous spheres secreted by cells. EVs play a functional role as intercellular communicators and are associated with a number of diseases. Research into EVs is an area of growing interest due their many potential uses as therapeutic agents, as diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers, and as regulators of cellular biology. Flow cytometry is a popular method for enumerating and phenotyping EVs, even though the majority of EVs are below the detection sensitivity of most commercially available flow cytometers. Here, we present optimized protocols for EV labeling that increase the signal-to-noise ratio of EVs by removing residual antibody. Protocols for alignment of high-resolution jet-in-air flow cytometers are also provided. Published 2020. U.S. Government. Basic Protocol 1: Bulk EV staining with CFSE protein binding dye Basic Protocol 2: Antigen-specific staining of EV markers with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies Basic Protocol 3: Astrios EQ instrument setup and sample acquisition Basic Protocol 4: Counting particles and EVs on Astrios EQ with spike-in reference beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Laboratory of Pathology, Translational Nanobiology Section, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Mizenko RR, Brostoff T, Rojalin T, Koster HJ, Swindell HS, Leiserowitz GS, Wang A, Carney RP. Tetraspanins are unevenly distributed across single extracellular vesicles and bias sensitivity to multiplexed cancer biomarkers. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:250. [PMID: 34419056 PMCID: PMC8379740 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tetraspanin expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is often used as a surrogate for their detection and classification, a practice that typically assumes their consistent expression across EV sources. Results Here we demonstrate that there are distinct patterns in colocalization of tetraspanin expression of EVs enriched from a variety of in vitro and in vivo sources. We report an optimized method for the use of single particle antibody-capture and fluorescence detection to identify subpopulations according to tetraspanin expression and compare our findings with nanoscale flow cytometry. We found that tetraspanin profile is consistent from a given EV source regardless of isolation method, but that tetraspanin profiles are distinct across various sources. Tetraspanin profiles measured by flow cytometry do not totally agree, suggesting that limitations in subpopulation detection significantly impact apparent protein expression. We further analyzed tetraspanin expression of single EVs captured non-specifically, revealing that tetraspanin capture can bias the apparent multiplexed tetraspanin profile. Finally, we demonstrate that this bias can have significant impact on diagnostic sensitivity for tumor-associated EV surface markers. Conclusion Our findings may reveal key insights into protein expression heterogeneity of EVs that better inform EV capture and detection platforms for diagnostic or other downstream use. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00987-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Terza Brostoff
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Hanna J Koster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Gary S Leiserowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Liang Y, Lehrich BM, Zheng S, Lu M. Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12090. [PMID: 34012517 PMCID: PMC8114032 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many cell types and distributed within various biofluids. EVs have a lipid membrane-confined structure that allows for carrying unique molecular information originating from their parent cells. The species and quantity of EV cargo molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, may vary largely owing to their parent cell types and the pathophysiologic status. Such heterogeneity in EV populations provides immense challenges to researchers, yet allows for the possibility to prognosticate the pathogenesis of a particular tissue from unique molecular signatures of dispersing EVs within biofluids. However, the inherent nature of EV's small size requires advanced methods for EV purification and evaluation from the complex biofluid. Recently, the interdisciplinary significance of EV research has attracted growing interests, and the EV analytical platforms for their diagnostic prospect have markedly progressed. This review summarizes the recent advances in these EV detection techniques and methods with the intention of translating an EV-based liquid biopsy into clinical practice. This article aims to present an overview of current EV assessment techniques, with a focus on their progress and limitations, as well as an outlook on the clinical translation of an EV-based liquid biopsy that may augment current paradigms for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to therapy in a variety of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhaiChina
| | - Brandon M. Lehrich
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Siyang Zheng
- Department Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Department Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Weis VG, Deal AC, Mekkey G, Clouse C, Gaffley M, Whitaker E, Peeler CB, Weis JA, Schwartz MZ, Atala A. Human placental-derived stem cell therapy ameliorates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G658-G674. [PMID: 33566727 PMCID: PMC8238163 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a life-threatening intestinal disease, is becoming a larger proportionate cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. To date, therapeutic options remain elusive. Based on recent cell therapy studies, we investigated the effect of a human placental-derived stem cell (hPSC) therapy on intestinal damage in an experimental NEC rat pup model. NEC was induced in newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups for 4 days via formula feeding, hypoxia, and LPS. NEC pups received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of either saline or hPSC (NEC-hPSC) at 32 and 56 h into NEC induction. At 4 days, intestinal macroscopic and histological damage, epithelial cell composition, and inflammatory marker expression of the ileum were assessed. Breastfed (BF) littermates were used as controls. NEC pups developed significant bowel dilation and fragility in the ileum. Further, NEC induced loss of normal villi-crypt morphology, disruption of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, and loss of critical progenitor/stem cell and Paneth cell populations in the crypt. hPSC treatment improved macroscopic intestinal health with reduced ileal dilation and fragility. Histologically, hPSC administration had a significant reparative effect on the villi-crypt morphology and epithelium. In addition to a trend of decreased inflammatory marker expression, hPSC-NEC pups had increased epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis when compared with NEC littermates. Further, the intestinal stem cell and crypt niche that include Paneth cells, SOX9+ cells, and LGR5+ stem cells were restored with hPSC therapy. Together, these data demonstrate hPSC can promote epithelial healing of NEC intestinal damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies demonstrate a human placental-derived stem cell (hPSC) therapeutic strategy for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In an experimental model of NEC, hPSC administration improved macroscopic intestinal health, ameliorated epithelial morphology, and supported the intestinal stem cell niche. Our data suggest that hPSC are a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate established intestinal NEC damage. Further, we show hPSC are a novel research tool that can be utilized to elucidate critical neonatal repair mechanisms to overcome NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Weis
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anna C Deal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gehad Mekkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Cara Clouse
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michaela Gaffley
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emily Whitaker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cole B Peeler
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jared A Weis
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marshall Z Schwartz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Vilcaes AA, Chanaday NL, Kavalali ET. Interneuronal exchange and functional integration of synaptobrevin via extracellular vesicles. Neuron 2021; 109:971-983.e5. [PMID: 33513363 PMCID: PMC7979516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated the composition and functional effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by a variety of cell types. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of these vesicles on neurotransmission remain unclear. Here, we isolated EVs secreted by rat and mouse hippocampal neurons and found that they contain synaptic-vesicle-associated proteins, in particular the vesicular SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor [NSF]-attachment protein receptor) synaptobrevin (also called VAMP). Using a combination of electrophysiology and live-fluorescence imaging, we demonstrate that this extracellular pool of synaptobrevins can rapidly integrate into the synaptic vesicle cycle of host neurons via a CD81-dependent process and selectively augment inhibitory neurotransmission as well as specifically rescue neurotransmission in synapses deficient in synaptobrevin. These findings uncover a novel means of interneuronal communication and functional coupling via exchange of vesicular SNAREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alejandro Vilcaes
- CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA
| | - Natali L Chanaday
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA.
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2050, USA.
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46
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Qambrani A, Rehman FU, Tanziela T, Shaikh S, Semcheddine F, Du T, Liu W, Jiang H, Wang X. Biocompatible exosomes nanodrug cargo for cancer cell bioimaging and drug delivery. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:025026. [PMID: 32726764 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abaaa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapy against cancer remains a daunting issue for human health, despite remarkable innovations in many areas of pathology. In situ biosynthesized nanoclusters bestow a novel remedy for carcinogenic cell imaging. Exosomes have received special attention as an efficient tool for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancers. All types of cells (healthy or diseased) generate exosomes, making them significantly unique for relevant disease diagnosis and treatment. In this contribution, we exploit the possibility of utilizing the exosomes to facilitate chemotherapeutics, viz. the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and biosynthesized silver nanoclusters in cancer cells. Our study showed a new facile way for bioimaging of cancer cells using biosynthesized silver-DNA nanoclusters, and thus further targeting cancer cells using the relevant cancer exosomes as drug delivery cargo. After isolating exosomes from neoplastic cells, i.e. HeLa, loaded with the drug, and treating other neoplastic cells with cargo-loaded isolated exosomes, we found that cargo-loaded isolated exosomes can readily enter into the targeted cancer cells and efficiently kill these neoplastic cells. This raises the possibility of acting as a novel facile modality for target cancer theranostics with high efficiency and biocompability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Qambrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096 China. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to
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Hiraga C, Yamamoto S, Hashimoto S, Kasahara M, Minamisawa T, Matsumura S, Katakura A, Yajima Y, Nomura T, Shiba K. Pentapartite fractionation of particles in oral fluids by differential centrifugation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3326. [PMID: 33558596 PMCID: PMC7870959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral fluids (OFs) contain small extracellular vesicles (sEVs or exosomes) that carry disease-associated diagnostic molecules. However, cells generate extracellular vesicles (EVs) other than sEVs, so the EV population is quite heterogeneous. Furthermore, molecules not packaged in EVs can also serve as diagnostic markers. For these reasons, developing a complete picture of particulate matter in the oral cavity is important before focusing on specific subtypes of EVs. Here, we used differential centrifugation to fractionate human OFs from healthy volunteers and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma into 5 fractions, and we characterized the particles, nucleic acids, and proteins in each fraction. Canonical exosome markers, including CD63, CD9, CD133, and HSP70, were found in all fractions, whereas CD81 and AQP5 were enriched in the 160K fraction, with non-negligible amounts in the 2K fraction. The 2K fraction also contained its characteristic markers that included short derivatives of EGFR and E-cadherin, as well as an autophagosome marker, LC3, and large multi-layered vesicles were observed by electronic microscopy. Most of the DNA and RNA was recovered from the 0.3K and 2K fractions, with some in the 160K fraction. These results can provide guideline information for development of purpose-designed OF-based diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Hiraga
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 3-8-31, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Sadamitsu Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-7 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Tamiko Minamisawa
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 3-8-31, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsumura
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 3-8-31, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Shiba
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake 3-8-31, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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48
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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Crowe JE, Coffey RJ. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2-containing Small Extracellular Vesicles and Exomeres Bind the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:958-961.e3. [PMID: 33022277 PMCID: PMC7832655 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- cov, coronavirus
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- dpp4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- sev, small extracellular vesicle
- tace, tnf-α converting enzyme
- tmprss, transmembrane serine protease
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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49
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Biadglegne F, König B, Rodloff AC, Dorhoi A, Sack U. Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E145. [PMID: 33406750 PMCID: PMC7795701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Mtb-derived exosomes (Mtbexo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Mtbexo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes has been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on Mtbexo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the method used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of Mtbexo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of Mtbexo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Biadglegne
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, 79 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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50
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Cooperation and Interplay between EGFR Signalling and Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122639. [PMID: 33302515 PMCID: PMC7764760 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) takes centre stage in carcinogenesis throughout its entire cellular trafficking odyssey. When loaded in extracellular vesicles (EVs), EGFR is one of the key proteins involved in the transfer of information between parental cancer and bystander cells in the tumour microenvironment. To hijack EVs, EGFR needs to play multiple signalling roles in the life cycle of EVs. The receptor is involved in the biogenesis of specific EV subpopulations, it signals as an active cargo, and it can influence the uptake of EVs by recipient cells. EGFR regulates its own inclusion in EVs through feedback loops during disease progression and in response to challenges such as hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and drugs. Here, we highlight how the spatiotemporal rules that regulate EGFR intracellular function intersect with and influence different EV biogenesis pathways and discuss key regulatory features and interactions of this interplay. We also elaborate on outstanding questions relating to EGFR-driven EV biogenesis and available methods to explore them. This mechanistic understanding will be key to unravelling the functional consequences of direct anti-EGFR targeted and indirect EGFR-impacting cancer therapies on the secretion of pro-tumoural EVs and on their effects on drug resistance and microenvironment subversion.
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