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Kwon J, Kim BH. Risk of clinically significant cardiovascular disease associated with postoperative radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy: A Korean nationwide cohort study. Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110241. [PMID: 38522599 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no large-scale datasets that analyze the relationship between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidences of CVDs with PORT using a national population-based database. METHODS Patients diagnosed with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were included from 2007 to 2017. Patients with a prior diagnosis of heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AFib), or heart surgery were excluded. A total of 11,141 patients were included in the final analysis. PORT was used in 1334 patients. Most patients received lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. RESULTS Major adverse cardiac events mostly occurred within 3-4 years from the diagnosis. After the median follow-up duration of 70.6 months, HF was the most diagnosed disease (5.3 %), followed by AFib (4.5 %), stroke (4.1 %), and pulmonary embolism (3.5 %). All the incidences of clinically significant CVDs did not differ by PORT. This result remained unchanged after the propensity score matching comparison. Age ≥ 65, underlying hypertension, and history of ischemic heart disease were the most related factors to the occurrence of HF and AFib. No significant difference in CVD-free survivals according to PORT status was observed. When stratified by proposed scoring, there were no subgroups showed increased incidence by PORT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PORT had no significant impact on various CVD occurrences in NSCLC patients without underlying heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanny Kwon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Munhwa-ro 282, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hyuck Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Jeon S, Lee YJ, Park B, Lee JH, Kwon YJ. Association between experience of insulin resistance and long-term cardiovascular disease risk: findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KOGES). Endocrine 2024; 84:481-489. [PMID: 38006539 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well-established, the impact of changes in IR status over time has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IR on CVD risk in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged Korean adults. METHODS We assessed 3597 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Participants were categorized as having IR if their HOMA-IR was ≥2.5 at least once during the exposure period. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for incident CVD after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Among a total of 3597 participants, 2259 did not have IR and 1138 had IR. The cumulative incidence rate of CVD in the IR group was significantly higher than that in the non-IR group (log-rank test, p = 0.015). Compared to the non-IR group, the HR and 95% CI for incident CVD in the IR group was 1.40 (1.07-1.83) in the unadjusted model. The presence of IR during the exposure period was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CVD after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking status (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01-1.84). CONCLUSION Individuals who have experienced IR have a consistently higher likelihood of developing CVD than those who have never had IR. More intensive efforts should be made to prevent IR in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03277, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03277, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03277, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Jin DL, Kim KH, Chung ES, Yoon SJ. Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:260-268. [PMID: 38857891 PMCID: PMC11164609 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.24.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regional disparities in cardiovascular care in Korea have led to uneven patient outcomes. Despite the growing need for and access to procedures, few studies have linked regional service availability to mortality rates. This study analyzed regional variation in the utilization of major cardiovascular procedures and their associations with short-term mortality to provide better evidence regarding the relationship between healthcare resource distribution and patient survival. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationwide claims data for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stent insertion, or aortic aneurysm resection in 2022. Regional variation was assessed by the relevance index (RI). The associations between the regional RI and 30-day mortality were analyzed. RESULTS The RI was lowest for aortic aneurysm resection (mean, 26.2; standard deviation, 26.1), indicating the most uneven regional distribution among the surgical procedures. Patients undergoing this procedure in regions with higher RIs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.96; p=0.026) versus those with lower RIs. This suggests that cardiovascular surgery regional availability, as measured by RI, has an impact on mortality rates for certain complex surgical procedures. The RI was not associated with significant mortality differences for more widely available procedures like CABG (aOR, 0.96), PCI (aOR, 1.00), or stent insertion (aOR, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS Significant regional variation and underutilization of cardiovascular surgery were found, with reduced access linked to worse mortality for complex procedures. Disparities should be addressed through collaboration among hospitals and policy efforts to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Lae Jin
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Administration, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Euy Suk Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Future Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi J, Sung S, Park SK, Park S, Kim H, Cho MC, Williams B, Lee HY. SCORE and SCORE2 in East Asian Population: A Performance Comparison. JACC. ASIA 2024; 4:265-274. [PMID: 38660103 PMCID: PMC11035948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (OP) models have been proposed as new cardiovascular risk evaluation tools. Objectives This study evaluated the performance of SCORE/SCORE-OP and SCORE2/SCORE2-OP in the East Asian population by using population-based cohort data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Health Screening Cohort of Korea. Methods A total of 324,384 NHIS examinees from 2004 to 2005 were divided into 5 age groups: 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years,70-79 years, and more than 80 years. The examinees had their predicted cardiovascular disease risks calculated by using SCORE, SCORE2, SCORE-OP, and SCORE2-OP models. The low-risk model was applied on the basis of the cohort's observed event rates. The observed and predicted cardiovascular risks were compared. Results A total of 324,384 subjects were included (mean age 51.4 ± 7.3 years; women, 37.9% for the SCORE/SCORE2 group and mean age 73.0 ± 2.8 years; women, 47.5% for the SCORE/SCORE2-OP group). Over a median follow-up of 9 years, cardiovascular events occurred in 15.0% and 28.9% in SCORE/SCORE2 and SCORE/SCORE2-OP groups, respectively. The SCORE/SCORE-OP model underestimated cardiovascular disease risk in young men (aged 40-49 years) and women (aged 40-59 years) and overestimated it in older age groups. In contrast, SCORE2/SCORE2-OP invariably overestimated the risk in all age groups and sexes. SCORE2/SCORE2-OP showed no improvement in Harrell's concordance index (C-index) compared with SCORE/SCORE-OP. Calibration plots favored SCORE2 over SCORE but not SCORE2-OP over SCORE-OP. Conclusions Both SCORE2/SCORE2-OP and SCORE/SCORE-OP overestimated cardiovascular disease risk with low performance. SCORE2/SCORE2-OP showed slight improvement over older versions, but modifications are necessary for the East Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungMin Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soseul Sung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyeong Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Bryan Williams
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Kim BJ, Kim JH, Kim SC, Kim RB, Han YS. Incidence rates of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38519990 PMCID: PMC10958970 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vascular occlusions, including retinal vein occlusion and retinal artery occlusion, are common causes of visual impairment. In order to evaluate the national medical burden and help improve ophthalmic health care policy planning, we investigated the incidence of retinal vascular occlusive diseases from 2011 to 2020 in Korea. METHODS This study is a nationwide population-based retrospective study using data from the Korea national health claim database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service. We identified retinal vascular occlusive diseases registered from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2020, according to the retinal vascular occlusion code (H34) and its sub-codes from international classification of disease, tenth revision diagnosis code. We used data from the entire Korean population based on the 2015 census of the population in Korea to calculate standardized incidence rates. RESULTS We identified 348,775 individuals (male, 161,673 [46.4%]; female, 187,102 [53.6%]) with incident retinal vascular occlusion (H34), 10,451 individuals (males, 6,329 [60.6%]; females, 4,122 [39.4%]) with incident central retinal artery occlusion (H34.1), and 252,810 individuals (males, 114,717 [45.4%]; females, 138,093 [54.6%]) with incident retinal vein occlusion (H34.8) during the 10-year study period. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion was 70.41 (95% CI, 70.18-70.65) cases/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of central retinal artery occlusion was 2.10 (95% CI, 2.06-2.14) cases/100,000 person-years. The weighted mean incidence rate of retinal vein occlusion was 50.99 (95% CI, 50.79-51.19) cases/100,000 person-years. CONCLUSION The total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion showed a decreasing trend until 2020. However, the central retinal artery occlusion decreased until 2014 and remained stable without a significant further decline until 2020. The incidence of total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion was higher in females than in males, while the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion was higher in males. All retinal vascular occlusive diseases showed an increasing incidence with older age; the peak age incidence was 75-79 years for total retinal vascular occlusion and retinal vein occlusion, and 80-85 years for central retinal artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hyeong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, #11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan- gu, Changwon, 51472, Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, #11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan- gu, Changwon, 51472, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, #11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan- gu, Changwon, 51472, Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Rock Bum Kim
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yong Seop Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, #11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan- gu, Changwon, 51472, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
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Islam P, Schaly S, Abosalha AK, Boyajian J, Thareja R, Ahmad W, Shum-Tim D, Prakash S. Nanotechnology in development of next generation of stent and related medical devices: Current and future aspects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1941. [PMID: 38528392 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Coronary stents have saved millions of lives in the last three decades by treating atherosclerosis especially, by preventing plaque protrusion and subsequent aneurysms. They attenuate the vascular SMC proliferation and promote reconstruction of the endothelial bed to ensure superior revascularization. With the evolution of modern stent types, nanotechnology has become an integral part of stent technology. Nanocoating and nanosurface fabrication on metallic and polymeric stents have improved their drug loading capacity as well as other mechanical, physico-chemical, and biological properties. Nanofeatures can mimic the natural nanofeatures of vascular tissue and control drug-delivery. This review will highlight the role of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of coronary stents and the recent advancements in the field of related medical devices. Different generations of stents carrying nanoparticle-based formulations like liposomes, lipid-polymer hybrid NPs, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers are discussed highlighting their roles in local drug delivery and anti-restenotic properties. Drug nanoparticles like Paclitaxel embedded in metal stents are discussed as a feature of first-generation drug-eluting stents. Customized precision stents ensure safe delivery of nanoparticle-mediated genes or concerted transfer of gene, drug, and/or bioactive molecules like antibodies, gene mimics via nanofabricated stents. Nanotechnology can aid such therapies for drug delivery successfully due to its easy scale-up possibilities. However, limitations of this technology such as their potential cytotoxic effects associated with nanoparticle delivery that can trigger hypersensitivity reactions have also been discussed in this review. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Islam
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Schaly
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kh Abosalha
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jacqueline Boyajian
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rahul Thareja
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kim HJ, Jo SH. Nighttime administration of antihypertensive medication: a review of chronotherapy in hypertension. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:205-214. [PMID: 37967524 PMCID: PMC10918378 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains a global health concern because of suboptimal blood pressure control despite advancements in antihypertensive treatments. Chronotherapy, defined as evening or bedtime administration of medication based on biological rhythms, is emerging as a potential strategy to improve blood pressure control and treatment outcomes. Clinical trials have investigated the potential effects of nighttime administration of antihypertensive medication in the improvement of 24 hours blood pressure control and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Implementing chronotherapy in clinical practice could have significant implications in enhancing blood pressure control and improving clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, particularly those with resistant hypertension. However, recent trials have reported contradictory results, causing confusion in real-world practice. Herein we review, analyze, and critique the current evidence and propose suggestions regarding the clinical application and future directions of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Ganbat K, Nasan Ulzii B, Shin S. Association between plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease predicted using the Framingham Risk Score in Korean men: data from the HEXA cohort study. Epidemiol Health 2024; 46:e2024035. [PMID: 38764256 PMCID: PMC11176718 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential correlation between 4 plant-based diet indices and the predicted risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korean men using the Framingham Risk Score. METHODS The study included 12,356 men participants (aged ≥40 years) from the Health Examinees Study. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Four plant-based diet indices were measured, including the overall plant-based diet index, the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), the unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and the pro-vegetarian diet index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the predicted 10-year risk of CHD. RESULTS The study found that individuals in the highest hPDI quintile had a 19% lower risk score for CHD based on the Framingham Risk Score (model 3: HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93; p for trend=0.010). In stratified analyses, the highest pro-vegetarian diet index was associated with a lower risk score for CHD in physically active individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.93; p for interaction=0.020). Conversely, the highest uPDI was associated with the highest risk score for CHD in those with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and a waist circumference ≥90 cm. CONCLUSIONS This prospective cohort study highlights the positive role of adhering to a high hPDI diet in the prevention of CHD in Korean men. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the association between various plant-based diet indices and the risk of CHD in Asian populations with different dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khongorzul Ganbat
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | | | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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Kim I, Bae H. Age- and cause-specific contributions to increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea, 2000-2019: a descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 38341549 PMCID: PMC10859017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korea's life expectancy at birth has consistently increased in the 21st century. This study compared the age and cause-specific contribution to the increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea before and after 2010. METHODS The population and death numbers by year, sex, 5-year age group, and cause of death from 2000 to 2019 were acquired. Life expectancy at birth was calculated using an abridged life table by sex and year. The annual age-standardized and age-specific mortality by cause of death was also estimated. Lastly, the age and cause-specific contribution to the increase in life expectancy at birth in the two periods were compared using a stepwise replacement algorithm. RESULTS Life expectancy at birth in Korea increased consistently from 2010 to 2019, though slightly slower than from 2000 to 2009. The cause-specific mortality and life expectancy decomposition analysis showed a significant decrease in mortality in chronic diseases, such as neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system, in the middle and old-aged groups. External causes, such as transport injuries and suicide, mortality in younger age groups also increased life expectancy. However, mortality from diseases of the respiratory system increased in the very old age group during 2010-2019. CONCLUSIONS Life expectancy at birth in Korea continued to increase mainly due to decreased mortality from chronic diseases and external causes during the study period. However, the aging of the population structure increased vulnerability to respiratory diseases. The factors behind the higher death rate from respiratory disease should be studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhan Kim
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea.
| | - Hyeona Bae
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
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Heo S, Kim SH, Heo R, Cho K, Yang J, Kim HR, An M, Kang J, Kim J. Psychometric Properties of the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey-9 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2024; 26:E30-E37. [PMID: 38113305 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey-9 Korean version in patients with cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, data on advance care planning engagement, registration of advance directives and the intention, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected from 105 patients (mean age, 66.3 years) at 4 medical institutions. Cronbach α was used to test the reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis and independent t tests were used to test the validity. Cronbach α s for the total scale and the self-efficacy and readiness dimensions were .93, .82, and .97, respectively. In confirmatory factor analysis with 2 factors, all indices of model fit were acceptable: comparative fit index, 0.995; Tucker-Lewis index, 0.989; standardized root-mean-square residual, 0.024; root-mean-square error of approximation, 0.059; and factor loadings > 0.65. Patients who registered advance directives ( P < .001) or had the intention ( P < .001) had higher scores of the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey-9 Korean version than their counterparts. The findings demonstrate that the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey-9 Korean version was a reliable and valid instrument. Health care providers, including nurses, can use this instrument to assess and manage advance care planning engagement in Korean patients with cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome.
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Cao LN, Wang YY, Hou XY, Zheng HD, Wei RZ, Zhao RR, Shen WY, Yang Y, Chu JF, Tian GY, Xiao J, Tian T. New insights on the association of weight loss with the reduction in carotid intima-media thickness among patients with obesity: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2024; 226:248-254. [PMID: 38091813 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a noninvasive marker of atherosclerosis, a typical pathologic process underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is essential to explore the relationships between weight loss and the reduction of CIMT. STUDY DESIGN This was an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to collect relevant clinical trials. The pooled results of meta-analyses were assessed by weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Thirty-three articles involving 2273 participants were collected in this meta-analysis. Among all participants with obesity, the pooled mean of weight loss was -23.26 kg (95% CI: -27.71 to -18.81), and the pooled mean change of CIMT was -0.06 mm (95% CI: -0.08 to -0.04). Compared with Non-surgical interventions, Surgical ones could lead to much higher weight loss (Pbetween groups < 0.001). A more significant CIMT reduction was identified among Surgical intervention patients than among Non-surgical intervention participants (Pbetween groups < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Effective interventions, especially Surgical interventions, could reduce the weight of patients with obesity, followed by the decline of CIMT, which might further disturb atherosclerosis progression and lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Cao
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - X Y Hou
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nantong, Nantong 226007, China
| | - H D Zheng
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - R Z Wei
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - R R Zhao
- The Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou 225202, China
| | - W Y Shen
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Y Yang
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - J F Chu
- The Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou 225202, China
| | - G Y Tian
- The Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou 225202, China.
| | - J Xiao
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - T Tian
- The Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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12
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Hur JY, Lee S, Shin WR, Kim YH, Ahn JY. The emerging role of medical foods and therapeutic potential of medical food-derived exosomes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:32-50. [PMID: 38125597 PMCID: PMC10729880 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical food is consumed for the purpose of improving specific nutritional requirements or disease conditions, such as inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. It involves partial or exclusive feeding for fulfilling unique nutritional requirements of patients and is different from medicine, consisting of basic nutrients, such as polyphenols, vitamins, sugars, proteins, lipids, and other functional ingredients to nourish the patients. Recently, studies on extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with therapeutic and drug carrier potential have been actively conducted. In addition, there have been attempts to utilize exosomes as medical food components. Consequently, the application of exosomes is expanding in different fields with increasing research being conducted on their stability and safety. Herein, we introduced the current trends of medical food and the potential utilization of exosomes in them. Moreover, we proposed Medi-Exo, a exosome-based medical food. Furthermore, we comprehensively elucidate various disease aspects between medical food-derived exosomes (Medi-Exo) and therapeutic natural bionanocomposites. This review highlights the therapeutic challenges regarding Medi-Exo and its potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Hur
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu Cheongju 28644 South Korea +82-43-264-9600 +82-43-261-2301 +82-43-261-3575
| | - SeonHyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 S 33rd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Woo-Ri Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu Cheongju 28644 South Korea +82-43-264-9600 +82-43-261-2301 +82-43-261-3575
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 S 33rd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu Cheongju 28644 South Korea +82-43-264-9600 +82-43-261-2301 +82-43-261-3575
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu Cheongju 28644 South Korea +82-43-264-9600 +82-43-261-2301 +82-43-261-3575
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13
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SASMANA IGAP, WIHANDANI DM, SADEVA IGKA, HALIM W, AGUSTINI PP, SAMALA L, PRATAMA IGNAS, RACHMAWATI LN, PRASETYO AV, JAYA NKAAS. Antiobesity and antidyslipidemic properties of Clitoria ternatea petals aqueous extract against rats induced by high-fat diet. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 54:401-410. [PMID: 39050394 PMCID: PMC11265884 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease involving dysregulation of fat metabolism that affects 13% of the world's population. Obesity has been linked to dyslipidemia with a lot of complication, including stroke, chronic kidney disease, fatty liver disease, and so on. One of the natural resources that have several potential effects including anticholesterol, antiobesity, and antidyslipidemia is the butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea/CT). CT's petal has been found to contain high levels of anthocyanins and tannins that can inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol and lipid. This study aims to investigate the antiobesity and antidyslipidemic effects of Clitoria ternatea extract (CTE). Materials and methods The CTE was obtained through the aqueous extract method and then was investigated using spectrophotometry to determine anthocyanin and tannin content. The effect of CTE against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat model was measured by weight and obesity index, lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-C), and histopathology analysis. Results CTE showed total anthocyanin and tannin content of 78.0943 mg/100 g and 1424.90 mg/100 g, respectively. The data analysis also showed significantly different within groups (p < 0,05), especially between HFD and HFD + CT750 groups on the cholesterol (MD 111.12 mg/dL; 95% CI (99.57 to 122.67); p < 0.001), LDL (MD; 76.38 mg/dL; 95% CI (56.77 to 96.00); p < 0.001), VLDL (MD 0.37 mg/dL; 95% CI (0.18 to 0.57); p < 0.001), body weight (MD: 56.20 g; 95% CI (13.89 to 98.51); p = 0.012); and thickening of tunica layer in the thoracic aorta (MD 22.76 μm; 95% CI (20.11 to 24.4); p < 0.001). Conclusion This study shows that Clitoria ternatea petals aqueous extract promotes amelioration of the lipid profile, body weight, and tunica thickness in rats with the high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desak Made WIHANDANI
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar,
Indonesia
| | | | - Wilson HALIM
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar,
Indonesia
| | - Putu Putri AGUSTINI
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar,
Indonesia
| | - Lalita SAMALA
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar,
Indonesia
| | | | | | - Aizar Vesa PRASETYO
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar,
Indonesia
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14
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Jalal IA, Elkhoely A, Mohamed SK, Ahmed AAE. Linagliptin and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside attenuate hyperlipidemia and cardiac hypertrophy induced by a high-methionine diet in rats via suppression of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275730. [PMID: 38026992 PMCID: PMC10665493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is one of the contributing causes of morbidity and mortality. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is one of the diseases which may predispose hyperlipidemia and CH. Linagliptin (Lina) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) are known to alleviate a variety of illnesses by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Aim: This study aimed to study the effect of HHcy on cardiac tissues, with a special focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a mainstay pathophysiological pathway. In addition, our study examined the protective effect of Lina, SDG, and their combination against HHcy-induced hyperlipidemia and CH in rats. Methods: Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, and for 60 days, the following regimen was administered: Group I: rats received distilled water; Group II: rats received methionine (MET) (2 g/kg/day, p.o.); groups III and IV: rats received Lina (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and SDG (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), respectively, followed by MET (2 g/kg/day, p.o.); Group V: rats received Lina and SDG, followed by MET (2 g/kg/day, p.o.). Results: Pretreatment with Lina, SDG, and their combination showed a significant decrease in serum levels of HHcy and an improved lipid profile compared to the MET group. Moreover, both drugs improved cardiac injury, as evidenced by the substantial improvement in ECG parameters, morphological features of the cardiac muscle, and reduced serum levels of cardiac markers. Additionally, Lina and SDG significantly attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Lina, SDG, and their combination remarkably downregulated the enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, GRP78, PERK, ATF-4, CHOP, NF-κB, and SREBP1c compared to the MET-group. Conclusion: Lina and SDG showed cardioprotective effects against HHcy-induced heart hypertrophy and hyperlipidemia in rats.
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15
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Choi SA, Jee HJ, Bormate KJ, Kim Y, Jung YS. Sex Differences in the Preventive Effect of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Therapeutics on Dementia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:583-598. [PMID: 37899743 PMCID: PMC10616511 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Choi
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- AI-Super convergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeonjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim KH, Han JY. Fact Sheet on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:318-325. [PMID: 37907223 PMCID: PMC10620486 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge globally, including in Korea, due to its status as a leading cause of death and its impact on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a well-established program that not only aids in restoring cardiopulmonary function, but also improves physical and social conditions. The benefits of CR are widely recognized, and it is implemented globally. While the effectiveness of CR has been proven in Korea, it is underutilized. This fact sheet summarizes the current status of CR in Korea, including the prevalence of CVD, the clinical practice guidelines for CR programs, and the challenges of implementing CR in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Kim
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Chun DW, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Lee JW. Longitudinal trajectories of atherogenic index of plasma and risks of cardiovascular diseases: results from the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Thromb J 2023; 21:99. [PMID: 37723571 PMCID: PMC10506251 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) based on a single measurement is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about whether changes in AIP over time are related to incident CVD. We aimed to determine whether AIP trajectory, which reflects homogenous AIP trends for a particular period, is associated with CVD risk. METHODS Data from 5,843 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. The KoGES had been conducted biennially from the baseline survey (2001-2002) to the eighth follow-up survey (2017-2018). The research design specifies the exposure period from baseline to the third follow-up, designates the latent period at the fourth follow-up, and establishes the event accrual period from the fifth to the eighth follow-up. During the exposure period, we identified two trajectories: a decreasing (n = 3,036) and an increasing group (n = 2,807) using latent variable mixture modeling. Information on CVD was collected initially through the self-reporting, followed by in depth person-to-person interview conducted by a well-trained examiner. During the event accrual period, the cumulative incidence rates of CVD between the two AIP trajectory groups were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The increasing AIP trajectory group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of CVD than the decreasing AIP trajectory group. Compared to the decreasing AIP trajectory group, the increasing AIP trajectory group had a higher risk of incident CVD (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.69) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS The risk of incident CVD increased when the AIP level showed an increasing trend and remained high over a long period. This suggests that checking and managing the trajectory of the AIP can be a preventive strategy for incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Ji Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, 06237, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Di Francesco D, Pigliafreddo A, Casarella S, Di Nunno L, Mantovani D, Boccafoschi F. Biological Materials for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: Overview of Recent Advancements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1389. [PMID: 37759789 PMCID: PMC10526356 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical demand for tissue-engineered vascular grafts is still rising, and there are many challenges that need to be overcome, in particular, to obtain functional small-diameter grafts. The many advances made in cell culture, biomaterials, manufacturing techniques, and tissue engineering methods have led to various promising solutions for vascular graft production, with available options able to recapitulate both biological and mechanical properties of native blood vessels. Due to the rising interest in materials with bioactive potentials, materials from natural sources have also recently gained more attention for vascular tissue engineering, and new strategies have been developed to solve the disadvantages related to their use. In this review, the progress made in tissue-engineered vascular graft production is discussed. We highlight, in particular, the use of natural materials as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Alexa Pigliafreddo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Luca Di Nunno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.D.F.); (S.C.); (L.D.N.)
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19
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Nabila S, Choi J, Kim JE, Hahn S, Hwang IK, Kim TI, Park HK, Choi JY. Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14078. [PMID: 37640779 PMCID: PMC10462734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the associations of periodontal disease (PD) with systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the reciprocal association. The CVD included the cases of coronary heart disease and heart failure. A prospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using linked data from three databases in Korea. Three separate study groups were formed to individually determine the risks of PD (n = 10,533), DM (n = 14,523) and CVD (n = 14,315). All diseases were confirmed based on physicians' diagnoses using medical records and self-reports. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). PD was significantly associated with an elevated risk of DM (HR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.07-1.39]) after full adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index, dental behaviour and CVD. PD was also found to increase the risk of CVD (1.27 [1.03-1.57]), whereas CVD increased the risk of PD (1.20 [1.09-1.32]) after full adjustment for other covariates including DM. This study found a bidirectional association between PD and CVD, as well as a positive association of PD with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nabila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokyung Hahn
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
- BK21plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Kang HS, Lee NE, Yoo DM, Han KM, Hong JY, Choi HG, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Park HY, Kim NY, Baek SU, Lee JY, Kwon MJ. An elevated likelihood of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure in individuals with gout: a longitudinal follow-up study utilizing the National Health Information database in Korea. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195888. [PMID: 37680887 PMCID: PMC10482324 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence from other countries indicates potential associations between gout and cardiovascular diseases; however, the associations of gout with cardiovascular diseases, particularly stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure, remain ambiguous in the Korean population. We hypothesized that individuals with gout are at a higher likelihood of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure. This study expands upon previous research by ensuring a comparable baseline between patient and control groups and analyzing 16 years of data derived from an extensive healthcare database. Methods We selected 22,480 patients with gout and 22,480 control individuals from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002-2019), and matched them at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, income, and residence. A Cox proportional hazard model with weighted overlap was employed to examine the relationship between gout and the risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure after adjustment for several covariates. Results The incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure in participants with gout were slightly higher than those in controls (stroke: 9.84 vs. 8.41 per 1000 person-years; ischemic heart disease: 9.77 vs. 7.15 per 1000 person-years; heart failure: 2.47 vs. 1.46 per 1000 person-years). After adjustment, the gout group had an 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.19), 28% (95% CI = 1.19-1.37), or 64% (95% CI = 1.41-1.91) higher likelihood of experiencing stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure, respectively, than the control group. Conclusion The present findings suggest that individuals with gout in the Korean population, particularly those aged ≥ 60 years, were more likely to have stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Lee
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Han
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suseo Seoul E.N.T. Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- MD Analytics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Baek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jeong J, Lim K, Shin S. The association between meat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Korean men using the Framingham risk score: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1158-1166. [PMID: 36849318 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research suggests that meat intake may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but most studies take place in Western countries, where the types and amount of meat products consumed differ from those in Asian countries. We aimed to identify the association between meat intake and CHD risk in Korean male adults, using the Framingham risk score. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Health Examinees (HEXA) study, including 13,293 Korean male adults. We estimated the association of meat intake with ≥20% 10-year CHD risk using Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subjects with the highest total meat intake had a 53% (model 4: HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.21) increased 10-year CHD risk compared to those with the lowest intake. Those with the highest red meat intake had a 55% (model 3: HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.16-2.06) increased 10-year CHD risk compared to those with the lowest intake. No association was observed between poultry or processed meat intake and 10-year CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of total meat and red meat was associated with a higher risk of CHD in Korean male adults. Further studies are needed to provide criteria for the appropriate meat intake by meat type to reduce CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Lin YC, Sahoo BK, Gau SS, Yang RB. The biology of SCUBE. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:33. [PMID: 37237303 PMCID: PMC10214685 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SCUBE [Signal peptide-Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB)-Epithelial growth factor domain-containing protein] family consists of three proteins in vertebrates, SCUBE1, 2 and 3, which are highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans. Each SCUBE gene encodes a polypeptide of approximately 1000 amino acids that is organized into five modular domains: (1) an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, (2) nine tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, (3) a large spacer region, (4) three cysteine-rich (CR) motifs, and (5) a CUB domain at the C-terminus. Murine Scube genes are expressed individually or in combination during the development of various tissues, including those in the central nervous system and the axial skeleton. The cDNAs of human SCUBE orthologs were originally cloned from vascular endothelial cells, but SCUBE expression has also been found in platelets, mammary ductal epithelium and osteoblasts. Both soluble and membrane-associated SCUBEs have been shown to play important roles in physiology and pathology. For instance, upregulation of SCUBEs has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer. In addition, soluble SCUBE1 is released from activated platelets and can be used as a clinical biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Soluble SCUBE2 enhances distal signaling by facilitating the secretion of dual-lipidated hedgehog from nearby ligand-producing cells in a paracrine manner. Interestingly, the spacer regions and CR motifs can increase or enable SCUBE binding to cell surfaces via electrostatic or glycan-lectin interactions. As such, membrane-associated SCUBEs can function as coreceptors that enhance the signaling activity of various serine/threonine kinase or tyrosine kinase receptors. For example, membrane-associated SCUBE3 functions as a coreceptor that promotes signaling in bone morphogenesis. In humans, SCUBE3 mutations are linked to abnormalities in growth and differentiation of both bones and teeth. In addition to studies on human SCUBE function, experimental results from genetically modified mouse models have yielded important insights in the field of systems biology. In this review, we highlight novel molecular discoveries and critical directions for future research on SCUBE proteins in the context of cancer, skeletal disease and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Charn Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Binay K Sahoo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Shin Gau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Thiruvengadam R, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Govindasamy R, Thiruvengadam M, Kim JH. Association of nanoparticles and Nrf2 with various oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110535. [PMID: 37187268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regultes the cellular antioxidant defense system at the posttranscriptional level. During oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) to transcribe antioxidative metabolizing/detoxifying genes. Various transcription factors like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone methylation might also regulate the expression of Nrf2. Despite its protective role, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling is considered as a pharmacological target due to its involvement in various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatotoxicity and kidney disorders. Recently, nanomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and are also used in various biological applications, for example, biosensors, drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, etc. In this review, we will be discussing the functions of nanoparticles and Nrf2 as a combined therapy or sensitizing agent and their significance in various diseases such as diabetes, cancer and oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Kim YG, Ann SH, Cho YR, Kim SJ, Han S, Park GM. Prediction of the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Korean population. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023052. [PMID: 37189276 PMCID: PMC10593588 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proper risk assessment is important for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, no validated risk prediction tools are currently in use in Korea. This study sought to develop a 10-year risk prediction model for incident ASCVD. METHODS Using the National Sample Cohort of Korea, 325,934 subjects aged 20-80 years without previous ASCVD were enrolled. ASCVD was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The Korean atherosclerotic cardiovas cular disease risk prediction (K-CVD) model was developed separately for men and women using the development dataset and validated in the validation dataset. Furthermore, the model performance was compared with the Framingham risk score (FRS) and pooled cohort equation (PCE). RESULTS Over 10 years of follow-up, 4,367 ASCVD events occurred in the overall population. The predictors of ASCVD included in the model were age, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, lipid profiles, urine protein, and lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering treatment. The K-CVD model had good discrimination and strong calibration in the validation dataset (time-dependent area under the curve=0.846; 95% confidence interval, 0.828 to 0.864; calibration χ2=4.73, goodness-of-fit p=0.32). Compared with our model, both FRS and PCE showed worse calibration, overestimating ASCVD risk in the Korean population. CONCLUSIONS Through a nationwide cohort, we developed a model for 10-year ASCVD risk prediction in a contemporary Korean population. The K-CVD model showed excellent discrimination and calibration in Koreans. This population-based risk prediction tool would help to appropriately identify high-risk individuals and provide preventive interventions in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Giun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Soe Hee Ann
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Shin-Jae Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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25
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Kim K, Park H. Association of mercury exposure with the serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in Korean adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1062741. [PMID: 37056650 PMCID: PMC10088518 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1062741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is evidence that mercury (Hg) exposure may be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), few nationwide epidemiological researches have analyzed the association between blood Hg concentration and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level as a biomarker of CVD. The present population-based national study was performed with data from the 2016–2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the total sample of 3,773 adults aged ≥20 years, the serum hs-CRP concentrations were 1.03 mg/L among participants in the lowest quartile of blood Hg level and 1.18 mg/L among those in highest quartile. The trend for the prevalence of a risky (>1.0 mg/L) hs-CRP level (moderate risk and high risk) was significantly related to an increased quartile blood Hg concentration. After adjustment for confounders, participants with the highest quartiles of blood Hg had increased odds of a risky (>1.0 mg/L) hs-CRP level (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.77) compared with those with the lowest quartile of blood Hg. These findings demonstrate that a high blood Hg level increases the concentration of serum hs-CRP, a sensitive marker of chronic low-grade inflammation, and imply that the increased body burden associated with high blood Hg is a potential risk factor in the development of many inflammatory diseases, including CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Kisok Kim,
| | - Hyejin Park
- Department of Health Sciences, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Scisciola L, Taktaz F, Fontanella RA, Pesapane A, Surina, Cataldo V, Ghosh P, Franzese M, Puocci A, Paolisso P, Rafaniello C, Marfella R, Rizzo MR, Barbato E, Vanderheyden M, Barbieri M. Targeting high glucose-induced epigenetic modifications at cardiac level: the role of SGLT2 and SGLT2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:24. [PMID: 36732760 PMCID: PMC9896756 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) inhibitors (SGLT2i) showed many beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level. Several mechanisms of action have been identified. However, no data on their capability to act via epigenetic mechanisms were reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ability of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to induce protective effects at the cardiovascular level by acting on DNA methylation. METHODS To better clarify this issue, the effects of empagliflozin (EMPA) on hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic modifications were evaluated in human ventricular cardiac myoblasts AC16 exposed to hyperglycemia for 7 days. Therefore, the effects of EMPA on DNA methylation of NF-κB, SOD2, and IL-6 genes in AC16 exposed to high glucose were analyzed by pyrosequencing-based methylation analysis. Modifications of gene expression and DNA methylation of NF-κB and SOD2 were confirmed in response to a transient SGLT2 gene silencing in the same cellular model. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the occupancy of TET2 across the investigated regions of NF-κB and SOD2 promoters. RESULTS Seven days of high glucose treatment induced significant demethylation in the promoter regions of NF-kB and SOD2 with a consequent high level in mRNA expression of both genes. The observed DNA demethylation was mediated by increased TET2 expression and binding to the CpGs island in the promoter regions of analyzed genes. Indeed, EMPA prevented the HG-induced demethylation changes by reducing TET2 binding to the investigated promoter region and counteracted the altered gene expression. The transient SGLT2 gene silencing prevented the DNA demethylation observed in promoter regions, thus suggesting a role of SGLT2 as a potential target of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of EMPA in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EMPA, mainly acting on SGLT2, prevented DNA methylation changes induced by high glucose and provided evidence of a new mechanism by which SGLT2i can exert cardio-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scisciola
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Taktaz
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Surina
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cataldo
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy ,grid.416672.00000 0004 0644 9757Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy ,grid.477084.80000 0004 1787 3414Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Vanderheyden
- grid.416672.00000 0004 0644 9757Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Modulation of the miR-122/Sirt-6/ACE2 axis on experimentally-induced myocardial infarction. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110276. [PMID: 36414029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a progressive myocardial necrosis that can lead to a number of life-threatening complications. MiRNAs have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, miR-122 targets the sirtuin-6 (Sirt-6) gene, which is an essential regulator of cardiovascular function and is considered a partial angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator. Modulation of this axis is supposed to contribute to MI pathogenesis. The current study aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of xanthenone through targeting the miR-122/Sirt-6/ACE2 axis on experimentally-induced MI in rats. Xanthenone was administered for 14 days and isoprenaline was injected in the last 2 days of the experiment. Xanthenone treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of miR-122, which further upregulated Sirt-6 and thus activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK increases ACE2 levels and results in a decrease in the level of its substrate angiotensin II resulting in the normalization of the inflammatory cytokines and the cardiac biomarkers. Finally, by targeting the miR-122/Sirt-6/AMPK/ACE2 axis, xanthenone has the potential to be a promising cardioprotective agent against MI.
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28
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Zargarzadeh N, Mousavi SM, Santos HO, Aune D, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Legume Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:64-76. [PMID: 36811595 PMCID: PMC10103007 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an equivocal and inconsistent association between legume consumption and health outcomes and longevity. The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the potential dose-response relationship between legume consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase from inception to September 2022, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals. A random-effects model was used to calculate summary HRs and their 95% CIs for the highest and lowest categories, as well as for a 50 g/d increment. We also modeled curvilinear associations using a 1-stage linear mixed-effects meta-analysis. Thirty-two cohorts (31 publications) involving 1,141,793 participants and 93,373 deaths from all causes were included. Higher intakes of legumes, compared with lower intakes, were associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.98; n = 27) and stroke (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99; n = 5). There was no significant association for CVD mortality (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.09; n =11), CHD mortality (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.09; n = 5), or cancer mortality (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.01; n = 5). In the linear dose-response analysis, a 50 g/d increase in legume intake was associated with a 6% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99; n = 19), but no significant association was observed for the remaining outcomes. The certainty of evidence was judged from low to moderate. A higher legume intake was associated with lower mortality from all causes and stroke, but no association was observed for CVD, CHD, and cancer mortality. These results support dietary recommendations to increase the consumption of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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29
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Kazemi Asl S, Rahimzadegan M, Ostadrahimi R. The recent advancement in the chitosan hybrid-based scaffolds for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Overall and cardiovascular mortality according to 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e40. [PMID: 36544889 PMCID: PMC9748213 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the occupational accident status analysis in 2020, of 1,180 occupational deaths, 463 were caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Workers should be assessed for CVD risk at regular intervals to prevent work-related CVD in accordance with the rules on occupational safety and health standards. However, no previous study has addressed risk and mortality. Therefore, this longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup and mortality. Methods The study included 545,859 participants who visited Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Centers from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2017. We performed 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment for the participants and the risk was divided into 4 groups (low, moderate, high, and very high). The study used death data from the Korea National Statistical Office for survival status as an outcome variable by December 31, 2019, and the cause of death based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) was identified. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and the sum of the periods from the first visit to the date of death or December 31, 2019, was used as a time scale. We also performed a stratified analysis for age at baseline and sex. Results During 5,253,627.9 person-years, 4,738 overall deaths and 654 cardiovascular deaths occurred. When the low-risk group was set as a reference, in the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for overall mortality were 3.36 (2.87-3.95) in the moderate-risk group, 11.08 (9.27-13.25) in the high-risk group, and 21.20 (17.42-25.79) in the very-high-risk group, all of which were statistically significant. In cardiovascular deaths, the difference according to the risk classification was more pronounced. The HRs (95% CI) were 8.57 (4.95-14.83), 38.95 (21.77-69.69), and 78.81 (42.62-145.71) in each group. As a result of a subgroup analysis by age and sex, the HRs of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality tended to be higher in the high-risk group. Conclusions This large-scale longitudinal study confirmed that the risk of death increases with the 10-year cardiovascular risk of general health checkup.
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González-Acedo A, Plaza-Florido A, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Sacha J, Alcantara JMA. Associations between heart rate variability and maximal fat oxidation in two different cohorts of healthy sedentary adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2338-2347. [PMID: 35977864 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resting heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise are both considered as a noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between resting HRV parameters and MFO during exercise, and the intensity of exercise that elicit MFO (Fatmax) in healthy sedentary adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 103 healthy young adults (22.2 ± 2.3 years old, 67% female; from the ACTIBATE cohort) and 67 healthy middle-aged adults (53.1 ± 5.0 years old, 52% female; from the FIT-AGEING cohort) were included in this cross-sectional study. HRV was assessed using a Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor, while MFO and Fatmax were determined during a graded exercise treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. No significant associations were observed for healthy young adults (standardized β coefficients ranged from -0.063 to 0.094, and all P ≥ 0.347) and for middle-aged adults (standardized β coefficients ranged from -0.234 to 0.090, and all P ≥ 0.056). Nevertheless, only a weak association was observed between one HRV parameter in time-domain (the percentage of R-R intervals that shows a difference higher than 50 ms [pNN50]) and MFO in the cohort of middle-aged adults (β coefficient = -0.279, and P = 0.033). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that resting HRV parameters are not associated with MFO and Fatmax during exercise in two independent cohorts of healthy sedentary young and middle-aged adults, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Amaro-Gahete
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Jerzy Sacha
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital in Opole, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
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32
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Jeong YW, Jung Y, Jeong H, Huh JH, Sung KC, Shin JH, Kim HC, Kim JY, Kang DR. Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081967. [PMID: 36010317 PMCID: PMC9407141 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major chronic diseases that are important factors in the management of cardiovascular disease. In order to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases, proper health management through periodic health check-ups is necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus according to the health check-up, and to develop a predictive model for hypertension and diabetes according to the health check-up. We used the National Health Insurance Corporation database of Korea and checked whether hypertension or diabetes occurred from that date according to the number of health check-ups over the past 10 years. Compared to those who underwent five health check-ups, those who participated in the first screening had hypertension (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 2.14–2.22), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.30–1.35) and both diseases (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 2.39–2.53); individuals who underwent 10 screenings had hypertension (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83–0.88), diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.81–0.85) and both diseases (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.79–0.87). Individuals who attended fewer than five screenings compared with individuals who attended five or more screenings had hypertension (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.59–1.62; AUC = 0.66), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.20–1.22; AUC = 0.59) and both diseases (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.72–1.78, AUC = 0.63). The machine learning-based prediction model using XGBoost showed higher performance in all datasets than the conventional logistic regression model in predicting hypertension (accuracy, 0.828 vs. 0.628; F1-score, 0.800 vs. 0.633; AUC, 828 vs. 0.630), diabetes mellitus (accuracy, 0.707 vs. 0.575; F1-score, 0.663 vs. 0.576; AUC, 0.710 vs. 0.575) and both diseases (accuracy, 0.950 vs. 0.612; F1-score, 0.950 vs. 0.614; AUC, 0.952 vs. 0.612). It was found that health check-up had a great influence on the occurrence of hypertension and diabetes, and screening frequency was more important than other factors in the variable importances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Whi Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Yeojin Jung
- Department of Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Huh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jang Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-0391
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Lee J, Yun JS, Ko SH. Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Effect on Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:3086. [PMID: 35956261 PMCID: PMC9370094 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is well established as a chronic disease with a high health burden due to mortality or morbidity from the final outcomes of vascular complications. An increased duration of hyperglycemia is associated with abnormal metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are nonenzymatic glycated forms of free amino acids that lead to abnormal crosslinking of extra-cellular and intracellular proteins by disrupting the normal structure. Furthermore, the interaction of AGEs and their receptors induces several pathways by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of AGEs in diabetic vascular complications, especially type 2 DM, based on recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03391, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seung Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea;
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Jung YS. Natural Antioxidant in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061159. [PMID: 35740056 PMCID: PMC9220211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Kang HT. Current Status of the National Health Screening Programs in South Korea. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:168-173. [PMID: 35610963 PMCID: PMC9136500 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A health check-up is one of the best ways to prevent diseases and maintain health by screening for risk factors and diagnosing diseases early. As the burden of illness shifts from infectious to chronic diseases, the importance of health check-ups is emphasized. Korean health authorities began the National Health Screening Programs (NHSPs) for public servants and private school staff in 1980. The NHSP is composed of the National Cancer Screening Programs (NCSPs) and general health checkups. NCSPs, started in 1999, included screenings for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and uterine cervical cancers, and they may have contributed to the improved cancer survival rate from 42.9% in 1993–1995 to 77.5% in 2013–2017 in Korea. General health check-ups included lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric measurements; blood pressure measurement; visual acuity test; hearing test; laboratory tests including fasting glucose, lipid profile, liver function tests, creatinine, and urinalysis; and, chest radiography. Additionally, bone density, cognitive function, and depression were assessed. Testing for non-communicable diseases has improved the control rates of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Favorable changes in the risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases may lead to a decline in age-standardized mortality and heart disease over several decades. However, many areas of the programs need to be improved. NHSPs should be designed on the basis of individual health conditions, medical needs, and scientific evidence. Greater opportunities to receive NHSPs should be provided to socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. In addition, stricter quality control of NHSPs is required. Follow-up management after the NHSPs should be systematized. In conclusion, NHSPs have contributed to the improvement of public health; however, several aspects of these programs must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Hee-Taik Kang Tel: +82-43-269-6301, Fax: +82-43-269-6675, E-mail:
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Association between Oral Contraceptive Use and the High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level in Premenopausal Korean Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020361. [PMID: 35206975 PMCID: PMC8872382 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used, few national epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between OC use and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in Korean women. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the sample of 5332 premenopausal women aged ≥19 years, hs-CRP concentrations were 1.087 mg/L among OC users and 0.953 mg/L among OC non-users. After adjustment for confounders, OC users had an increased likelihood of having risky (>1.0 mg/L) hs-CRP levels (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–1.98) compared with OC non-users. In addition, the aOR for high-risk (>3.0 mg/L) hs-CRP levels in OC users compared with non-users was 1.51 (95% CI, 1.06–2.16). These findings demonstrate that OC use alters the concentration of hs-CRP, a biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation, and suggest that long-term OC use is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
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