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Zheng S, Wang J, Lu S, Xiao J. A longitudinal investigation of the cross-dimensional mediating role of negative life events between neuroticism and depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:333-341. [PMID: 38570037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism has been identified as a significant predictor for depression within the adolescent population However, few longitudinal studies have investigated this association and explored the mediation effect of the negative life events. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between neuroticism, negative life events, and depression in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. METHODS Data on Five Factor Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale (FFI-N) was collected from 1150 participants aged 14-19 years old at baseline, and data on Adolescent Life Event Questionnaire (ALEQ) and Center of Epidemiological Study-Depression (CES-D) were collected both at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Multilevel modelings were used to analyze the longitudinal associations among neuroticism, negative life events and depression. RESULTS Through a longitudinal study design, results from multilevel regression analyses indicated a direct correlation between increased levels of neuroticism and the aggregation of negative life events with the prediction of more severe depressive symptoms. Further, results of multilevel mediations suggested that the negative life events served to partially mediate the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. LIMITATIONS The results cannot be used to make a clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest the negative life events as a cross-dimensional mediator in the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. Regulating neuroticism levels and implementing strategies to coping stress derived from daily life events could be integral approaches to reducing the prevalence of depression within the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Jieyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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Brandeis BO, Siegle GJ, Franzen P, Soehner A, Hasler B, McMakin D, Young K, Buysse DJ. Subjective and neural reactivity during savoring and rumination. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1568-1580. [PMID: 37726588 PMCID: PMC10684651 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive thinking about negative emotions or events is strongly associated with worse mental health, whereas repetitive positive thought is generally believed to be beneficial. This observation is at odds with the idea that all forms of repetitive thinking share underlying neural mechanisms. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, the present study examined relationships between subjective affect and neural mechanisms during periods of sustained processing of positive (savoring) and negative (rumination) emotion. We also examined potential common moderators of savoring and rumination including memory specificity and sleep quality. Results indicated that individuals who experience high positive affect during savoring also are likely to experience more intense negative affect during rumination. fMRI-derived brain activity revealed common mechanisms of rumination and savoring. Memory specificity had common effects on neural correlates of rumination and savoring; sleep quality was not associated with mechanisms of savoring or rumination. These results suggest that repetitive engagement with positive and negative affect is similar both subjectively and mechanistically. Clinical interventions for rumination may benefit from capitalizing on preserved capacity for savoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg J Siegle
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Peter Franzen
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adriane Soehner
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brant Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dana McMakin
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kym Young
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, WPH, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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He Y, Li T. Mediating Model of College Students' Chinese Zhongyong Culture Thinking Mode and Depressive Symptoms. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1555-1566. [PMID: 34629912 PMCID: PMC8495231 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s327496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background College is a key period for students' learning and development, as they begin independently to face life's adversities. The essence of China's zhongyong culture is to provide a practical way of thinking, a basic principle of the Chinese people. However, empirical research on psychopathology is lacking. The present study investigated Chinese college students to explore and explain the psychological mechanism of depressive symptoms via the zhongyong practical thinking mode. Methods The study examined the relationship between zhongyong practical thinking and depressive symptoms, coping style, and ruminations of 501 Chinese college students. The statistical software SPSS was used to establish an intermediary model between moderate zhongyong practical thinking and depressive symptoms. Results Rumination partially mediated the relationship between zhongyong practical thinking and depressive symptoms, but coping style had no mediating effect. Therefore, reducing the negative rumination behaviours of college students may be more conducive to alleviating their depressive symptoms. The chain mediating effect of coping style and rumination was significant. The college students with high levels of zhongyong thinking adopted positive coping styles to cope with various pressures and situations, reducing negative coping and rumination and thereby reducing their depressive symptoms. Discussion The results of the study could help universities to provide courses and activities that promote students' mental health from the perspective of zhongyong psychological interventions. The results provide a model for further studies of the influence of zhongyong practical thinking on depressive symptoms amongst college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing He
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Deng J, Li T, Wang J, Teng L. Longitudinal influence of COVID-19-related stress on sexual compulsivity symptoms in Chinese undergraduates. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:376. [PMID: 34315438 PMCID: PMC8314266 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coping theory shows that stressful life events are associated with individuals' psychology/behaviors; meanwhile, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is known to have impacted individuals' physical and mental health. Prior studies revealed that undergraduates have many sexual behavior and emotion disorders, which may be impacted during an isolation period, such as the one brought by COVID-19. However, few studies have explored the longitudinal associations between COVID-19-related stress and sexual compulsivity symptoms (SCS), and the mediating effect of emotions (i.e., depression and anxiety) on this relationship. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate these associations. METHODS We employed a cross-lagged design (2020/2/12: Time 1, 3219 participants; 2020/6/6: Time 2, 2998 participants) and recruited Chinese undergraduates through an online system to respond to a survey. RESULTS Our results showed that COVID-19-related stress at Time 1 directly influenced SCS at Time 1, and there was an indirect influence via depression and anxiety at Time 1. COVID-19-related stress at Time 1 positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and SCS at Time 2, and the first could directly and positively predict SCS at Time 2. Moreover, albeit depression at Time 2 was negatively linked to SCS at Time 2, anxiety at Time 2 enhanced the effect of COVID-19-related stress on SCS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend the literature on SCS, showing that the higher the COVID-19-related stress, the higher the SCS, and the longer-lasting effect was associated with anxiety in undergraduates. Furthermore, depression does not mediate the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Deng
- Computer network information center, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Tsingan Li
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences, Hohhot, 010070 China
| | - Limei Teng
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
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Kim JH, Piao Y, Kim WS, Park JJ, Kang NI, Lee KH, Chung YC. The Development of the Brooding Scale. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:443-449. [PMID: 31247703 PMCID: PMC6603696 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a Brooding Scale (BS) and to confirm its psychometric properties. METHODS A preliminary questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and face-to-face interviews with healthy subjects. To evaluate reliability and construct validity, a 15-item BS was administered to 124 healthy subjects. Convergent validity was tested by assessing the relationship between the BS and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). Discriminant validity was confirmed in 58 patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS The internal consistency for the BS was excellent. An exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors: the emotional (six items) and cognitive (five items) domains, which explained 33.83% and 23.69% of the variance, respectively. The BS total score and scores for factors 1 and 2 showed significant positive correlations with the RRS. The total score and sub-factor scores of the BS were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The BS can be used as a reliable and valid tool to assess brooding in healthy adults. In addition, it had good discriminant validity for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanhong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jae Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hak Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Alba J, Calvete E. Bidirectional Relationships Between Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2019.38.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent problem in adolescence, with great clinical and social relevance. Recent models of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence underscore that the relationships between stress, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms are bidirectional. In addition, according to cognitive therapy models, cognitive vulnerabilities are organized hierarchically, with deep schemas guiding more superficial cognitive processes such as rumination. The present study examines the longitudinal predictive relationships between two levels of cognitions (early maladaptive schemas and rumination), stressors, and depression. Method: A sample of 584 Spanish adolescents (262 girls; mean age = 15.99, SD = 1.10) completed measures of depression, stressors, rumination, and three early maladaptive schema domains (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and other-directedness) over 4 intervals of 4 months. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Results: Disconnection and rejection domain systematically predicted an increase in depression, new stressors, and rumination over time. In addition, depressive symptoms predicted an increase of disconnection/rejection scores at all time points. Finally, from Time 2 on, stressors predicted an increase in all schema domains. Discussion: The outcomes suggest the importance of the disconnection and rejection schema domain. These results are important to understand the mechanisms underlying stress and depression in adolescents.
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Padilla Paredes P, Calvete E. Cognitive vulnerabilities as mediators between emotional abuse and depressive symptoms. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 42:743-53. [PMID: 24292965 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether childhood parental emotional abuse and peer emotional bullying serve as antecedents of depression in adolescence and identified the cognitive mechanisms involved in this process. It was hypothesized that the experience of emotional abuse would predict depressive symptoms via development of rumination and negative inferences. A 3-wave longitudinal study was carried out with 998 adolescents (471 girls and 526 boys) between 13 and 17 years of age. Results showed that emotional abuse by parents and peers at Time 1 predicted a worsening of several cognitive vulnerabilities at Time 2. In addition, brooding mediated between the experiences of abuse and the increase of depressive symptoms at Time 3. Thus, findings suggest that the experiences of childhood emotional abuse by parents and peers serve as antecedents to develop a negative cognitive style, vulnerability that, once developed, is a risk factor for the onset of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Padilla Paredes
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Apdo. 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain,
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Orue I, Calvete E, Padilla P. Brooding rumination as a mediator in the relation between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescents. J Adolesc 2014; 37:1281-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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A Test of the Vulnerability–Stress Model with Brooding and Reflection to Explain Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:860-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cui L, Shi G, Oei TPS. A study of cognitive vulnerability-stress model of depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Stress Health 2013; 29:383-91. [PMID: 23389904 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to test the validity of the integrated cognitive model of depression proposed by Kwon and Oei (1994) with a Chinese adolescent sample. A two-wave panel design was used. We hypothesized that the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes measured at time 1 and adolescents' negative life events experienced between times 1 and 2 would predict changes in the frequency of automatic thoughts between times 1 and 2. We further hypothesized that changes in the frequency of automatic thoughts would, in turn, predict changes in the severity of depressive symptoms. Participants were 329 Chinese adolescents. As a comparison, we tested three other competing models: linear mediation, alternative aetiologies and symptom models. All participants completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale on two occasions-5 months apart. Path analysis was used to test all models. Results of the path analysis indicated that the integrated cognitive model showed an adequate fit for the Chinese adolescent data. During phases of increased depression, dysfunctional attitudes were common cognitive moderators of depression, whereas automatic thoughts were specific cognitive mediators of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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