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Arderiu G, Civit-Urgell A, Badimon L. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Treat Ischemic Diseases: The Case of Peripheral Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16752. [PMID: 38069074 PMCID: PMC10706341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia incidence and prevalence have increased over the years. However, there are no successful treatments to improve quality of life and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and limb events in these patients. Advanced regenerative therapies have focused their interest on the generation of new blood vessels to repair tissue damage through the use of stem cells. One of the most promising sources of stem cells with high potential in cell-based therapy is adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs are adult mesenchymal stem cells that are relatively abundant and ubiquitous and are characterized by a multilineage capacity and low immunogenicity. The proangiogenic benefits of ASCs may be ascribed to: (a) paracrine secretion of proangiogenic molecules that may stimulate angiogenesis; (b) secretion of microvesicles/exosomes that are also considered as a novel therapeutic prospect for treating ischemic diseases; and (c) their differentiation capability toward endothelial cells (ECs). Although we know the proangiogenic effects of ASCs, the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs after transplantation in peripheral artery diseases patients is still relatively low. In this review, we evidence the potential therapeutic use of ASCs in ischemic regenerative medicine. We also highlight the main challenges in the differentiation of these cells into functional ECs. However, significant efforts are still needed to ascertain relevant transcription factors, intracellular signaling and interlinking pathways in endothelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Civit-Urgell
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (L.B.)
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut—Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Debuc B, Gendron N, Cras A, Rancic J, Philippe A, Cetrulo CL, Lellouch AG, Smadja DM. Improving Autologous Fat Grafting in Regenerative Surgery through Stem Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1726-1754. [PMID: 37261667 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Autologous fat transplantation -i.e., lipofilling- has become a promising and popular technique in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery with several application such as breast reconstruction, facial and hand rejuvenation. However, the use of this technology is still limited due to an unpredictable and low graft survival rate (which ranges from 25%-80%). A systematic literature review was performed by thoroughly searching 12 terms using the PubMed database. The objective of this study is to present the current evidence for the efficacy of adjuvant regenerative strategies and cellular factors, which have been tested to improve fat graft retention. We present the main results (fat retention rate, histological analysis for pre-clinical studies and satisfaction/ complication for clinical studies) obtained from the studies of the three main fat grafting enrichment techniques: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and discuss the promising role of recent angiogenic cell enrichment that could induce early vascularization of fat graft. All in all, adding stem or progenitor cells to autologous fat transplantation might become a new concept in lipofilling. New preclinical models should be used to find mechanisms able to increase fat retention, assure safety and transfer these technologies to a good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant facility, to manufacture an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Debuc
- Department of Plastic Surgery, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Cras
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
- Department of Cell Therapy, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Rancic
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Philippe
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Curtis L Cetrulo
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre G Lellouch
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Smadja
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.
- Department of Hematology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
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Liang T, Wen D, Zhong X, Jiang L, Zhu JJ, Gu Z. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1702-1704. [PMID: 36659240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxizi Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xintong Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang X, Pei M. Significance of Cellular Cross-Talk in Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1034-1044. [PMID: 31018663 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell-based therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment for tissue ischemia because of its ability to promote new blood vessel formation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most used angiogenic cells for therapeutic neovascularization, yet the side effects and low efficacy have limited their clinical application. Adipose stromal vascular fraction is an easily accessible, heterogeneous cell system comprised of endothelial, stromal, and hematopoietic cell lineages, which has been shown to spontaneously form robust, patent, and functional vasculatures in vivo. However, the characteristics of each cell population and their specific roles in neovascularization remain an area of ongoing investigation. In this review, we summarize the functional capabilities of various stromal vascular fraction constituents during the process of neovascularization and attempt to analyze whether the cross-talk between these constituents generates a synergetic effect, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Song Chen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
| | - Ming Pei
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China (Y.S., X.Z.); Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics (Y.S., M.P.), Exercise Physiology (M.P.), and WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center (M.P.), West Virginia University, Morgantown; and Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (S.C.)
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Arderiu G, Peña E, Aledo R, Juan-Babot O, Crespo J, Vilahur G, Oñate B, Moscatiello F, Badimon L. MicroRNA-145 Regulates the Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells Toward Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Promotes Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2019; 125:74-89. [PMID: 31219744 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a potential adult mesenchymal stem cell source for restoring endothelial function in ischemic tissues. However, the mechanism that promotes ASCs differentiation toward endothelial cells (ECs) is not known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of ASCs differentiation into ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS ASCs were isolated from clinical lipoaspirates and cultured with DMEM or endothelial cell-conditioned medium. Endothelial cell-conditioned medium induced downregulation of miR-145 in ASCs and promoted endothelial differentiation. We identified bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) released by ECs as inducer of ASCs differentiation through receptor-induced AKT (protein kinase B) signaling and phosphorylation of FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1) suppressing its transcriptional activity and decreasing miR-145 expression. Blocking bFGF-receptor or PI3K/AKT signaling in ASCs increased miR-145 levels. Modulation of miR-145 in ASCs, using a miR-145 inhibitor, regulated their differentiation into ECs: increasing proliferation, migration, inducing expression of EC markers (VE-cadherin, VEGFR2 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2], or VWF [von Willebrand Factor]), and tube-like formation. Furthermore, in vivo, downregulation of miR-145 in ASCs enhanced angiogenesis in subcutaneously implanted plugs in mice. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model injection of ASCs with downregulated miR-145 induced collateral flow and capillary formation evidenced by magnetic resonance angiography. Next, we identified ETS1 (v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1) as the target of miR-145. Upregulation of miR-145 in ASCs, by mimic miR-145, suppressed ETS1 expression and consequently abolished EC differentiation and the angiogenic properties of endothelial cell-conditioned medium-preconditioned ASCs; whereas, overexpression of ETS1 reversed the abrogated antiangiogenic capacity of miR-145. ETS1 overexpression induced similar results to those obtained with miR-145 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS bFGF released by ECs induces ASCs differentiation toward ECs through miR-145-regulated expression of ETS1. Downregulation of miR-145 in ASCs induce vascular network formation in ischemic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
| | - Esther Peña
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.P., R.A., G.V., L.B.)
| | - Rosa Aledo
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.P., R.A., G.V., L.B.)
| | - Oriol Juan-Babot
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
| | - Javier Crespo
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.P., R.A., G.V., L.B.)
| | - Blanca Oñate
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- From the Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIBSantPau Barcelona, Spain (G.A., E.P., R.A., O.J.-B., J.C., G.V., B.O., L.B.)
- Ciber CV, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.P., R.A., G.V., L.B.)
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Wang K, Lin RZ, Melero-Martin JM. Bioengineering human vascular networks: trends and directions in endothelial and perivascular cell sources. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:421-439. [PMID: 30315324 PMCID: PMC6349493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds great promise in regenerative medicine. However, the field of tissue engineering faces a myriad of difficulties. A major challenge is the necessity to integrate vascular networks into bioengineered constructs to enable physiological functions including adequate oxygenation, nutrient delivery, and removal of waste products. The last two decades have seen remarkable progress in our collective effort to bioengineer human-specific vascular networks. Studies have included both in vitro and in vivo investigations, and multiple methodologies have found varying degrees of success. What most approaches to bioengineer human vascular networks have in common, however, is the synergistic use of both (1) endothelial cells (ECs)-the cells used to line the lumen of the vascular structures and (2) perivascular cells-usually used to support EC function and provide perivascular stability to the networks. Here, we have highlighted trends in the use of various cellular sources over the last two decades of vascular network bioengineering research. To this end, we comprehensively reviewed all life science and biomedical publications available at the MEDLINE database up to 2018. Emphasis was put on selective studies that definitively used human ECs and were specifically related to bioengineering vascular networks. To facilitate this analysis, all papers were stratified by publication year and then analyzed according to their use of EC and perivascular cell types. This study provides an illustrating discussion on how each alternative source of cells has come to be used in the field. Our intention was to reveal trends and to provide new insights into the trajectory of vascular network bioengineering with regard to cellular sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Kim YW, Min HJ, Choi RJ, Lee DH, Cheon YW. Insulin Promotes Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation after Fat Grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:927-938. [PMID: 29979369 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells are used to enhance fat graft survival. However, their mechanism of action when grafted is controversial. The grafted cells can be replaced by connective tissue or survive at the recipient site and differentiate. Insulin is a powerful agent used to induce their differentiation to adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the fate of grafted adipose-derived stem cells in nonvascularized fat grafts with or without insulin. METHODS Fat was harvested from a female human donor who had undergone reduction mammaplasty. The authors also isolated and cultured adipose-derived stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein from transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats. Injection of free fat graft, the adipose-derived stem cells, phosphate-buffered saline, and insulin was performed on the four paravertebral points of the back of each mouse (n = 30) as follows: group A (control group) received adipose tissue and phosphate-buffered saline; group B received adipose tissue and adipose-derived stem cells; group C received adipose tissue, adipose-derived stem cells, and phosphate-buffered saline; and group D received adipose tissue, adipose-derived stem cells, and insulin. Green fluorescent protein expression was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system. The volume of transplanted fat was evaluated at 8 weeks after graft with six histologic parameters. The fat graft was immunostained with green fluorescent protein, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and perilipin. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS The fat graft volume was significantly higher in group D (p < 0.05). Histologic examination revealed reduced fibrosis and increased cysts, vacuoles, integrity, and vascularity in group D. The green fluorescent protein and perilipin co-positive area was more apparent in group D compared with groups B and C. CONCLUSION Insulin could enhance the survival and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in nonvascularized fat grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Woo Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine; and the Lamiche Plastic Surgery Clinic
| | - Hyung Jun Min
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine; and the Lamiche Plastic Surgery Clinic
| | - Rak Jun Choi
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine; and the Lamiche Plastic Surgery Clinic
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine; and the Lamiche Plastic Surgery Clinic
| | - Young Woo Cheon
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine; and the Lamiche Plastic Surgery Clinic
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Stakkestad Ø, Heyward C, Lyngstadaas SP, Medin T, Vondrasek J, Lian AM, Pezeshki G, Reseland JE. An ameloblastin C-terminus variant is present in human adipose tissue. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01075. [PMID: 30603708 PMCID: PMC6307104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transcriptional regulatory elements in the ameloblastin (AMBN) promoter indicate that adipogenesis may influence its expression. The objective here was to investigate if AMBN is expressed in adipose tissue, and have a role during differentiation of adipocytes. Design AMBN expression was examined in adipose tissue and adipocytes by real-time PCR and ELISA. Distribution of ameloblastin was investigated by immunofluorescence in sections of human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The effect of recombinant proteins resembling AMBN and its processed products on proliferation of primary human pre-adipocytes and murine 3T3-L1 cell lines was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The effect on adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by the expression profile of the adipogenic markers PPARγ and leptin, and the content of lipids droplets (Oil-Red-O staining). Results AMBN was found to be expressed in human adipose tissue, human primary adipocytes, and in 3T3-L1 cells. The C-terminus of the AMBN protein and a 45 bp shorter splice variant was identified in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of AMBN was found to increase four-fold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Administration of recombinant AMBN reduced the proliferation, and enhanced the expression of PPARγ and leptin in 3T3-L1 and human pre-adipocytes, respectively. Conclusions The AMBN C-terminus variant was identified in adipocytes. This variant may be encoded from a short splice variant. Increased expression of AMBN during adipogenesis and its effect on adipogenic factors suggests that AMBN also has a role in adipocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Stakkestad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Heyward
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tirill Medin
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Gita Pezeshki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
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10
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Induction of Expression of CD271 and CD34 in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cultured as Spheroids. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7357213. [PMID: 30154865 PMCID: PMC6091361 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7357213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells that can be used for tissue engineering or cell therapies owing to their multipotency and ability to secrete immunomodulatory and trophic molecules. Several studies suggest that MSCs can become pericytes when cocultured with endothelial cells (ECs) but failed to use pericyte markers not already expressed by MSCs. We hypothesized ECs could instruct MSCs to express the molecules CD271 or CD34, which are expressed by pericytes in situ but not by MSCs. CD271 is a marker of especial interest because it is associated with multipotency, a characteristic that wanes in MSCs as they are culture expanded. Consequently, surface expression of CD271 and CD34 was detected in roughly half of the MSCs cocultured with ECs as spheroids in the presence of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Conversely, expression of CD271 and CD34 was detected in a similar proportion of MSCs cultured under these conditions without ECs, and expression of these markers was low or absent when no IGF-1 was added. These findings indicate that specific culture conditions including IGF-1 can endow cultured MSCs with expression of CD271 and CD34, which may enhance the multipotency of these cells when they are used for therapeutic purposes.
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11
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Gorkun AA, Shpichka AI, Zurina IM, Koroleva AV, Kosheleva NV, Nikishin DA, Butnaru DV, Timashev PS, Repin VS, Saburina IN. Angiogenic potential of spheroids from umbilical cord and adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells within fibrin gel. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:044108. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aac22d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Rambøl MH, Hisdal J, Sundhagen JO, Brinchmann JE, Rosales A. Recellularization of Decellularized Venous Grafts Using Peripheral Blood: A Critical Evaluation. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:215-222. [PMID: 29779699 PMCID: PMC6020714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, and the growing need for replacement vessels is not fully met by autologous grafts or completely synthetic alternatives. Tissue engineering has emerged as a compelling strategy for the creation of blood vessels for reconstructive surgeries. One promising method to obtain a suitable vessel scaffold is decellularization of donor vascular tissue followed by recellularization with autologous cells. To prevent thrombosis of vascular grafts, a confluent and functional autologous endothelium is required, and researchers are still looking for the optimal cell source and recellularization procedure. Recellularization of a decellularized scaffold with only a small volume of whole blood was recently put forward as a feasible option. Here we show that, in contrast to the published results, this method fails to re-endothelialize decellularized veins. Only occasional nucleated cells were seen on the luminal surface of the scaffolds. Instead, we saw fibrin threads, platelets and scattered erythrocytes. Molecular remnants of the endothelial cells were still attached to the scaffold, which explains in part why earlier results were misinterpreted. Decellularized vascular tissues may still be the best scaffolds available for vascular tissue engineering. However, for the establishment of an adequate autologous endothelial lining, methods other than exposure to autologous whole blood need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia H Rambøl
- Norwegian center for stem cell research, Department of immunology, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon O Sundhagen
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Norwegian center for stem cell research, Department of immunology, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of molecular medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Rosales
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Brinchmann BC, Skuland T, Rambøl MH, Szoke K, Brinchmann JE, Gutleb AC, Moschini E, Kubátová A, Kukowski K, Le Ferrec E, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Schwarze PE, Låg M, Refsnes M, Øvrevik J, Holme JA. Lipophilic components of diesel exhaust particles induce pro-inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells through AhR dependent pathway(s). Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:21. [PMID: 29751765 PMCID: PMC5948689 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a leading environmental cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerosis. It is still debated how DEP and other inhaled PM can contribute to CVD. However, organic chemicals (OC) adhered to the particle surface, are considered central to many of the biological effects. In the present study, we have explored the ability of OC from DEP to reach the endothelium and trigger pro-inflammatory reactions, a central step on the path to atherosclerosis. Results Exposure-relevant concentrations of DEP (0.12 μg/cm2) applied on the epithelial side of an alveolar 3D tri-culture, rapidly induced pro-inflammatory and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated genes in the basolateral endothelial cells. These effects seem to be due to soluble lipophilic constituents rather than particle translocation. Extractable organic material of DEP (DEP-EOM) was next fractionated with increasing polarity, chemically characterized, and examined for direct effects on pro-inflammatory and AhR-regulated genes in human microvascular endothelial (HMEC-1) cells and primary human endothelial cells (PHEC) from four healthy donors. Exposure-relevant concentrations of lipophilic DEP-EOM (0.15 μg/cm2) induced low to moderate increases in IL-1α, IL-1β, COX2 and MMP-1 gene expression, and the MMP-1 secretion was increased. By contrast, the more polar EOM had negligible effects, even at higher concentrations. Use of pharmacological inhibitors indicated that AhR and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) were central in regulation of EOM-induced gene expression. Some effects also seemed to be attributed to redox-responses, at least at the highest exposure concentrations tested. Although the most lipophilic EOM, that contained the majority of PAHs and aliphatics, had the clearest low-concentration effects, there was no straight-forward link between chemical composition and biological effects. Conclusion Lipophilic and semi-lipophilic chemicals seemed to detach from DEP, translocate through alveolar epithelial cells and trigger pro-inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells at exposure-relevant concentrations. These effects appeared to be triggered by AhR agonists, and involve PAR-2 signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0257-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendik C Brinchmann
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mia H Rambøl
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krisztina Szoke
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Klara Kukowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail (IRSET), Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Rennes, France
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Kilinc MO, Santidrian A, Minev I, Toth R, Draganov D, Nguyen D, Lander E, Berman M, Minev B, Szalay AA. The ratio of ADSCs to HSC-progenitors in adipose tissue derived SVF may provide the key to predict the outcome of stem-cell therapy. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:5. [PMID: 29417261 PMCID: PMC5803165 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) represents an attractive source of adult stem cells and progenitors, holding great promise for numerous cell therapy approaches. In 2017, it was reported that 1524 patients received autologous SVF following the enzymatic digestion of liposuction fat. The treatment was safe and effective and patients showed significant clinical improvement. In a collaborative study, we analyzed SVF obtained from 58 patients having degenerative, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and advanced stage cancer. RESULTS Flow analysis showed that freshly isolated SVF was very heterogeneous and harbored four major subsets specific to adipose tissue; CD34high CD45- CD31- CD146- adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ADSCs), CD34low CD45+ CD206+CD31- CD146- hematopoietic stem cell-progenitors (HSC-progenitors), CD34high CD45- CD31+CD146+ adipose tissue-endothelial cells and CD45-CD34-CD31-CD146+ pericytes. Culturing and expanding of SVF revealed a homogenous population lacking hematopoietic lineage markers CD45 and CD34, but were positive for CD90, CD73, CD105, and CD44. Flow cytometry sorting of viable individual subpopulations revealed that ADSCs had the capacity to grow in adherent culture. The identity of the expanded cells as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was further confirmed based on their differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. To identify the potential factors, which may determine the beneficial outcome of treatment, we followed 44 patients post-SVF treatment. The gender, age, clinical condition, certain SVF-dose and route of injection, did not play a role on the clinical outcome. Interestingly, SVF yield seemed to be affected by patient's characteristic to various extents. Furthermore, the therapy with adipose-derived and expanded-mesenchymal stem cells (ADE-MSCs) on a limited number of patients, did not suggest increased efficacies compared to SVF treatment. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a certain combination, rather than individual subset of cells may play a role in determining the treatment efficacy and found that the combination of ADSCs to HSC-progenitor cells can be correlated with overall treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We found that a 2:1 ratio of ADSCs to HSC-progenitors seems to be the key for a successful cell therapy. These findings open the way to future rational design of new treatment regimens for individuals by adjusting the cell ratio before the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Okyay Kilinc
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- StemImmune Inc., San Diego, CA 92122 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elliot Lander
- Cell Surgical Network and California Stem Cell Treatment Center, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270 USA
| | - Mark Berman
- Cell Surgical Network and California Stem Cell Treatment Center, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270 USA
| | - Boris Minev
- StemImmune Inc., San Diego, CA 92122 USA
- Radiation Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Aladar A. Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- StemImmune Inc., San Diego, CA 92122 USA
- Radiation Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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15
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Schendel SA. Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part I: Biologic Characteristics. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37:1062-1068. [PMID: 28510634 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous collagen is an ideal soft tissue filler and may serve as a matrix for stem cell implantation and growth. Procurement of autologous collagen has been limited, though, secondary to a sufficient source. Liposuction is a widely performed and could be a source of autologous collagen. OBJECTIVES The amount of collagen and its composition in liposuctioned fat remains unknown. The purpose of this research was to characterize an adipose-derived tissue-based product created using ultrasonic cavitation and cryo-grinding. This study evaluated the cellular and protein composition of the final product. METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a 2 step process to obtain only the connective tissue. The tissue was then evaluated by scanning electronic microscope, Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Liposuctioned fat was obtained from 10 individuals with an average of 298 mL per subject. After processing an average of 1 mL of collagen matrix was obtained from each 100 mL of fat. Significant viable cell markers were present in descending order for adipocytes > CD90+ > CD105+ > CD45+ > CD19+ > CD144+ > CD34+. Western blot analysis showed collagen type II, III, IV, and other proteins. Scanning electronic microscope study showed a regular pattern of cross-linked, helical collagen. Additionally, vital staing demonstrated that the cells were still viable after processing. CONCLUSIONS Collagen and cells can be easily obtained from liposuctioned fat by ultrasonic separation without alteration of the overall cellular composition of the tissue. Implantation results in new collagen and cellular growth. Collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat and may provide long term results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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16
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The effect of medium composition on deposition of collagen type 1 and expression of osteogenic genes in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue and bone marrow. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Yucel E, Alagoz MS, Eren GG, Yasar EK, Izmirli HH, Duruksu G, Isgoren S, Muezzinoglu B, Karaoz E. Use of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Viability of Composite Grafts. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 27:1354-60. [PMID: 27258717 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocutaneous composite grafts figure among the reconstruction alternatives for alar rim defects resulting from tumor resection and trauma. The major problem with composite grafts is the limited graft survival area. In the present study, the authors aimed to increase the survival area of composite grafts by utilizing the ability of stem cells to promote neovascularization which is crucial in composite graft viability. METHODS The study included 36 adult Wistar Albino rats, which were allocated to 6 groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were the groups in which the grafts were implanted immediately after the defect was formed, and Groups 4, 5, and 6 were those in which grafts were adapted 4 days after the defect was formed. Composite grafts of 1 × 1 cm containing both the cartilage and the skin were prepared from 1 ear, and after forming punctures and incisions on the cartilage, the grafts were adapted to the 1 × 1 cm defects on the back. The backs of the rats in groups 1 and 4 were injected with adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC), those in groups 2 and 5 with medium solution, while the rats in Groups 3 and 6 did not receive any injection. The procedures were followed by histopathological and scintigraphic evaluations. RESULTS An evaluation of the statistical results showed that composite graft survival areas of the group treated with stem cells increased significantly, in comparison with control and medium groups. When scintigraphic evaluations were considered, it was seen that the group treated with stem cells had significantly higher radioactive substance retention than the control group. Histopathological examination demonstrated that microscopic survival rates in the stem cell group were higher than those in the control group. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used in the experiment to tag adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Immunofluorescence staining studies showed less apoptosis and fewer GFP (+) stem cells in the composite grafts of the stem cell group. However, apoptosis was more severe in the control and medium groups which also had decreased vascularity in the graft. DISCUSSION As the authors have shown in the present study, ADSCs have favorable effects on the viability of composite grafts. They have increased the survival rate of the grafts to a considerable extent. As a clinical implication of this experimental study, the authors think that in the patient of auricular and nasal defects involving the cartilage and the skin, injection of the ADSC and the adaptation of composite grafts 4 days after the preparation of the receiving bed may increase the composite graft viability rates. Thus, it has been found that if the composite grafts are implanted 4 days after stem cell injection, the injection of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is useful in enhancing the survival of composite grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Yucel
- *Department of Plastic, Recontructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Dumlupinar University Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya †Department of Plastic, Recontructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University ‡Department of Plastic, Recontructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Derince Training and Research Hospital §Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice
- Department of Nuclear Medicine ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli #Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing, Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Chen W, Xia ZK, Zhang MH, Ding GC, Zhang XY, Wang ZX, Yang RY. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells ameliorates dermal fibrosis in a mouse model of scleroderma. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 10:52-56. [PMID: 28107865 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for limited cutaneous scleroderma (LS) in mouse models. METHODS ADSCs were isolated from pathogen-free female C57BL/6 mice and LS was induced in wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice via daily injection of bleomycin (0.1 mL × 300 μg/mL) for 4 weeks; then the ADSCs were subcutaneously injected into the dorsal area in the model treatment group, and 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution was injected into the same site in the model control group. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to track the cells using an in vivo imaging system on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. All mice were sacrificed and histologic analyses were performed after 4 weeks, and the skin thickness, collagen deposition and the total content of hydroxyproline were evaluated. Additionally, immunohistochemistry were performed to compare the tissue expression and distribution of TGF-β1 and VEGF between the ADSCs treatment group and the treatment control group. RESULTS WT C57BL/6 LS mouse model were successfully established and GFP in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that the translated ADSCs survived at the local for at least 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, the ADSCs treatment group significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, reduced the skin thickness and the total content of hydroxyproline (P < 0.05). The ADSCs treatment group displayed significantly lower levels of TGF-β1 and higher levels of VEGF than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ADSCs may provide a feasible and practical treatment for autoimmune diseases such as LS and ameliorate dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Dermatology, Zhu Ri He Base Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Man-Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Chun Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
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19
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Merfeld-Clauss S, Lease BR, Lu H, March KL, Traktuev DO. Adipose stromal cells differentiation toward smooth muscle cell phenotype diminishes their vasculogenic activity due to induction of activin A secretion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3145-3156. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- Department of Medicine; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine; R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Lease
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine; R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Medicine; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine; R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Keith L. March
- Department of Medicine; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine; R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Dmitry O. Traktuev
- Department of Medicine; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine; R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
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20
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Bang OY, Kim EH, Cha JM, Moon GJ. Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke: Challenges and Progress. J Stroke 2016; 18:256-266. [PMID: 27733032 PMCID: PMC5066440 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability among adults. It has been 15 years since clinical trials of stem cell therapy in patients with stroke have been conducted using adult stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells. Results of randomized controlled trials showed that adult stem cell therapy was safe but its efficacy was modest, underscoring the need for new stem cell therapy strategies. The primary limitations of current stem cell therapies include (a) the limited source of engraftable stem cells, (b) the presence of optimal time window for stem cell therapies, (c) inherited limitation of stem cells in terms of growth, trophic support, and differentiation potential, and (d) possible transplanted cell-mediated adverse effects, such as tumor formation. Here, we discuss recent advances that overcome these hurdles in adult stem cell therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Medical Device Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Clevenger TN, Luna G, Fisher SK, Clegg DO. Strategies for bioengineered scaffolds that support adipose stem cells in regenerative therapies. Regen Med 2016; 11:589-99. [PMID: 27484203 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine possesses the potential to ameliorate damage to tissue that results from a vast range of conditions, including traumatic injury, tumor resection and inherited tissue defects. Adult stem cells, while more limited in their potential than pluripotent stem cells, are still capable of differentiating into numerous lineages and provide feasible allogeneic and autologous treatment options for many conditions. Adipose stem cells are one of the most abundant types of stem cell in the adult human. Here, we review recent advances in the development of synthetic scaffolding systems used in concert with adipose stem cells and assess their potential use for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy N Clevenger
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Steven K Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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22
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Clevenger TN, Hinman CR, Ashley Rubin RK, Smither K, Burke DJ, Hawker CJ, Messina D, Van Epps D, Clegg DO. Vitronectin-Based, Biomimetic Encapsulating Hydrogel Scaffolds Support Adipogenesis of Adipose Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:597-609. [PMID: 26956095 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue defects are relatively common, yet currently used reconstructive treatments have varying success rates, and serious potential complications such as unpredictable volume loss and reabsorption. Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), isolated from liposuction aspirate have great potential for use in soft tissue regeneration, especially when combined with a supportive scaffold. To design scaffolds that promote differentiation of these cells down an adipogenic lineage, we characterized changes in the surrounding extracellular environment during adipogenic differentiation. We found expression changes in both extracellular matrix proteins, including increases in expression of collagen-IV and vitronectin, as well as changes in the integrin expression profile, with an increase in expression of integrins such as αVβ5 and α1β1. These integrins are known to specifically interact with vitronectin and collagen-IV, respectively, through binding to an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. When three different short RGD-containing peptides were incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel cultures, it was found that an RGD-containing peptide derived from vitronectin provided strong initial attachment, maintained the desired morphology, and created optimal conditions for in vitro 3D adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. These results describe a simple, nontoxic encapsulating scaffold, capable of supporting the survival and desired differentiation of ASCs for the treatment of soft tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy N Clevenger
- 1 Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,2 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Cassidy R Hinman
- 1 Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Rebekah K Ashley Rubin
- 1 Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,2 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | | | - Daniel J Burke
- 4 Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara
| | - Craig J Hawker
- 4 Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara
| | | | | | - Dennis O Clegg
- 1 Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,2 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California , Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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23
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Neo-Angiogenesis and Albumin Production in a Liver Tissue-Engineered Engraftment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:374. [PMID: 26985891 PMCID: PMC4813233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of a three-dimensional (3D) liver tissue is limited by many factors; one of them is the lack of vascularization inside the tissue-engineered construct. An engineered liver pocket-scaffold able to increase neo-angiogenesis in vivo could be a solution to overcome these limitations. In this work, a hyaluronan (HA)-based scaffold enriched with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and rat hepatocytes was pre-conditioned in a bioreactor system, then implanted into the liver of rats. Angiogenesis and hepatocyte metabolic functions were monitored. The formation of a de novo vascular network within the HA-based scaffold, as well as an improvement in albumin production by the implanted hepatocytes, were detected. The presence of hMSCs in the HA-scaffold increased the concentration of growth factors promoting angiogenesis inside the graft. This event ensured a high blood vessel density, coupled with a support to metabolic functions of hepatocytes. All together, these results highlight the important role played by stem cells in liver tissue-engineered engraftment.
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24
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Guillaume-Jugnot P, Daumas A, Magalon J, Sautereau N, Veran J, Magalon G, Sabatier F, Granel B. State of the art. Autologous fat graft and adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction injection for hand therapy in systemic sclerosis patients. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:35-42. [PMID: 27140597 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by sclerosis (hardening) of the skin and deep viscera associated with microvascular functional and structural alteration, which leads to chronic ischemia. In the hands of patients, ischemic and fibrotic damages lead to both pain and functional impairment. Hand disability creates a large burden in professional and daily activities, with social and psychological consequences. Currently, the proposed therapeutic options for hands rely mainly on hygienic measures, vasodilatator drugs and physiotherapy, but have many constraints and limited effects. Developing an innovative therapeutic approach is crucial to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. The discovery of adult stem cells from adipose tissue has increased the interest to use adipose tissue in plastic and regenerative surgery. Prepared as freshly isolated cells for immediate autologous transplantation, adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. We aim to update literature in the interest of autologous fat graft or adipose derived from stromal vascular fraction cell-based therapy for the hands of patients who suffer from systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guillaume-Jugnot
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13915 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - A Daumas
- Service de médecine interne, gériatrie et thérapeutique, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - J Magalon
- Laboratoire de culture et thérapie cellulaire, Inserm CBT-1409, hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - N Sautereau
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13915 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - J Veran
- Laboratoire de culture et thérapie cellulaire, Inserm CBT-1409, hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - G Magalon
- Service de chirurgie plastique et réparatrice, hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - F Sabatier
- Laboratoire de culture et thérapie cellulaire, Inserm CBT-1409, hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm UMR 1076 Vascular Research Centre of Marseille, Aix-Marseille université, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - B Granel
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13915 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm UMR 1076 Vascular Research Centre of Marseille, Aix-Marseille université, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
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25
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Szöke K, Reinisch A, Østrup E, Reinholt FP, Brinchmann JE. Autologous cell sources in therapeutic vasculogenesis: In vitro and in vivo comparison of endothelial colony-forming cells from peripheral blood and endothelial cells isolated from adipose tissue. Cytotherapy 2015; 18:242-52. [PMID: 26669908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Autologous endothelial cells are promising alternative angiogenic cell sources in trials of therapeutic vasculogenesis, in the treatment of vascular diseases and in the field of tissue engineering. A population of endothelial cells (ECs) with long-term proliferative capability, endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), can be isolated from human peripheral blood. ECFCs are considered an endothelial precursor population. They can be expanded in cell factories in sufficient numbers for clinical applications, but because the number of isolated primary ECs is low, the culture period required may be long. Another EC population that is easily available in the autologous setting and may be expanded in vitro through several population doublings are ECs from adipose tissue (AT-ECs). METHODS Through extensive comparisons using whole-genome microarray analysis, morphology, phenotype and functional assays, we wanted to evaluate the potential of these EC populations for use in clinical neovascularization. RESULTS Global gene expression profiling of ECFCs, AT-ECs and the classical EC population, human umbilical vein ECs, showed that the EC populations clustered as unique populations, but very close to each other. By cell surface phenotype and vasculogenic potential in vitro and in vivo, we also found the ECFCs to be extremely similar to AT-ECs. CONCLUSIONS These properties, together with easy access in the autologous setting, suggest that both AT-ECs and ECFCs may be useful in trials of therapeutic neovascularization. However, AT-ECs may be a more practical alternative for obtaining large quantities of autologous ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Szöke
- Department of Immunology and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esben Østrup
- Department of Immunology and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn P Reinholt
- Institute of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Department of Immunology and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Markeson D, Pleat JM, Sharpe JR, Harris AL, Seifalian AM, Watt SM. Scarring, stem cells, scaffolds and skin repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 9:649-68. [PMID: 24668923 DOI: 10.1002/term.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of full thickness skin loss, which can be extensive in the case of large burns, continues to represent a challenging clinical entity. This is due to an on-going inability to produce a suitable tissue engineered substrate that can satisfactorily replicate the epidermal and dermal in vivo niches to fulfil both aesthetic and functional demands. The current gold standard treatment of autologous skin grafting is inadequate because of poor textural durability, scarring and associated contracture, and because of a paucity of donor sites in larger burns. Tissue engineering has seen exponential growth in recent years with a number of 'off-the-shelf' dermal and epidermal substitutes now available. Each has its own limitations. In this review, we examine normal wound repair in relation to stem/progenitor cells that are intimately involved in this process within the dermal niche. Endothelial precursors, in particular, are examined closely and their phenotype, morphology and enrichment from multiple sources are described in an attempt to provide some clarity regarding the controversy surrounding their classification and role in vasculogenesis. We also review the role of the next generation of cellularized scaffolds and smart biomaterials that attempt to improve the revascularisation of artificial grafts, the rate of wound healing and the final cosmetic and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markeson
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathon M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Justin R Sharpe
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Hart ML, Izeta A, Herrera-Imbroda B, Amend B, Brinchmann JE. Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:365-76. [PMID: 25789845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine and is a common condition in middle-aged and elderly women and men. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is caused by leakage of urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, and exercise, even standing leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Other types of UI also exist such as urge incontinence (also called overactive bladder), which is a strong and unexpected sudden urge to urinate, mixed forms of UI that result in symptoms of both urge and stress incontinence, and functional incontinence caused by reduced mobility, cognitive impairment, or neuromuscular limitations that impair mobility or dexterity. However, for many SUI patients, there is significant loss of urethral sphincter muscle due to degeneration of tissue, the strain and trauma of pregnancy and childbirth, or injury acquired during surgery. Hence, for individuals with SUI, a cell-based therapeutic approach to regenerate the sphincter muscle offers the advantage of treating the cause rather than the symptoms. We discuss current clinically relevant cell therapy approaches for regeneration of the external urethral sphincter (striated muscle), internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle), the neuromuscular synapse, and blood supply. The use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells is a major step in the right direction, but they may not be enough for regeneration of all components of the urethral sphincter. Inclusion of other cell types or biomaterials may also be necessary to enhance integration and survival of the transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hart
- 1 Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ander Izeta
- 2 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia , San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Bastian Amend
- 4 Department of Urology, University of Tübingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- 5 Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- 6 Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
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28
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Pullisaar H, Verket A, Szoke K, Tiainen H, Haugen HJ, Brinchmann JE, Reseland JE, Østrup E. Alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative to target osteogenic cell differentiation in TiO2 scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415575870. [PMID: 26090086 PMCID: PMC4456326 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415575870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of bone tissue engineering is to employ scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to facilitate healing of bone defects. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and osteogenic differentiation of primary human osteoblasts and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells from various donors on titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds coated with an alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative. Cells were harvested for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on days 14 and 21, and medium was collected on days 2, 14, and 21 for protein analyses. Neither coating with alginate hydrogel nor alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative induced a cytotoxic response. Enamel matrix derivative–enriched alginate hydrogel significantly increased the expression of osteoblast markers COL1A1, TNFRSF11B, and BGLAP and secretion of osteopontin in human osteoblasts, whereas osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells seemed unaffected by enamel matrix derivative. The alginate hydrogel coating procedure may have potential for local delivery of enamel matrix derivative and other stimulatory factors for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Verket
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krisztina Szoke
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esben Østrup
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Li F, Guo W, Li K, Yu M, Tang W, Wang H, Tian W. Improved fat graft survival by different volume fractions of platelet-rich plasma and adipose-derived stem cells. Aesthet Surg J 2015; 35:319-33. [PMID: 25805284 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sju046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of soft-tissue augmentation is offset by the low survival rates of grafted fat tissue. Research shows that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are beneficial to tissue healing. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term effects of different volume fractions of PRP combined with ASCs on fat graft. METHODS ASCs were isolated from human fat tissue, and PRP was obtained from human blood. Cell count kit-8 and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to evaluate the influence of PRP (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%; volume/volume [v/v]) in medium on ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. A novel lipoinjection consisting of granular fat, PRP, and ASCs was subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice. The grafts were volumetrically and histologically evaluated 10, 30, 60, and 90 days after transplantation. RESULTS The addition of PRP improved ASC proliferation. Expression of adipogenic-related genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, lipoprotein lipase, and adipophilin were up-regulated in PRP-induced ASCs. Compared with other groups, granular fat grafts formed with 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP significantly improved residual volumes. More intact adipocytes and capillary formation, but less vacuolization, were observed in the 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. However, no significant difference was observed between the 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP groups in retaining fat grafts and improving histology. CONCLUSIONS Fat grafting with 20% (v/v) PRP and ASCs constitutes an appropriate transplantation strategy for improving graft survival and provides a potential approach for soft-tissue restoration in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Merfeld-Clauss S, Lupov IP, Lu H, Feng D, Compton-Craig P, March KL, Traktuev DO. Adipose stromal cells differentiate along a smooth muscle lineage pathway upon endothelial cell contact via induction of activin A. Circ Res 2014; 115:800-9. [PMID: 25114097 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adipose stromal cells (ASC) are therapeutically potent progenitor cells that possess properties of pericytes. In vivo, ASC in combination with endothelial cells (EC) establish functional multilayer vessels, in which ASC form the outer vessel layer and differentiate into mural cells. OBJECTIVE To identify factors responsible for ASC differentiation toward the smooth muscle cell phenotype via interaction with EC. METHODS AND RESULTS An in vitro model of EC cocultivation with ASC was used, in which EC organized into vascular cords, accompanied by ASC migration toward EC and upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, SM22α, and calponin expression. Conditioned media from EC-ASC, but not from EC cultures, induced smooth muscle cell protein expression in ASC monocultures. EC-ASC cocultivation induced marked accumulation of activin A but not transforming growth factor-β1 in conditioned media. This was attributed to induction of activin A expression in ASC on contact with EC. Although transforming growth factor-β and activin A were individually sufficient to initiate expression of smooth muscle cell antigens in ASC, only activin A IgG blocked the effect of EC-ASC conditioned media. Although transforming growth factor-β was able to induce activin A expression in ASC, in cocultures this induction was transforming growth factor-β independent. In EC-ASC cocultures, activin A IgG or ALK4/5/7 receptor inhibitors blocked expression of α-smooth muscle actin in ASC in the absence of direct EC-cord contact, but this inhibition was circumvented in ASC by direct EC contact. CONCLUSIONS EC initiate a smooth muscle cell differentiation program in adjacent ASC and propagate this differentiation in distant ASC by induction of activin A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Ivan P Lupov
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Hongyan Lu
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Dongni Feng
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Peter Compton-Craig
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Keith L March
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.)
| | - Dmitry O Traktuev
- From Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.) and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (K.L.M.) at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Research and Development at R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN (S.M.-C., I.P.L., H.L., D.F., P.C.-C., K.L.M., D.O.T.).
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31
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Hager G, Holnthoner W, Wolbank S, Husa AM, Godthardt K, Redl H, Gabriel C. Three specific antigens to isolate endothelial progenitor cells from human liposuction material. Cytotherapy 2014; 15:1426-35. [PMID: 24094492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play an important role in regenerative medicine and contribute to neovascularization on vessel injury. They are usually enriched from peripheral blood, cord blood and bone marrow. In human fat tissue, EPC are rare and their isolation remains a challenge. METHODS Fat tissue was prepared by collagenase digestion, and the expression of specific marker proteins was evaluated by flow cytometry in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For enrichment, magnetic cell sorting was performed with the use of CD133 microbeads and EPC were cultured until colonies appeared. A second purification was performed with CD34; additional isolation steps were performed with the use of a combination of CD34 and CD31 microbeads. Enriched cells were investigated by flow cytometry for the expression of endothelial specific markers, by Matrigel assay and by the uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS The expression pattern confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the SVF, with rare numbers of CD133+ detectable. EPC gained from the SVF by magnetic enrichment showed cobblestone morphology of outgrowth endothelial cells and expressed the specific markers CD31, CD144, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R2, CD146, CD73 and CD105. Functional integrity was confirmed by uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and the formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel. CONCLUSIONS Rare EPC can be enriched from human fat tissue by magnetic cell sorting with the use of a combination of microbeads directed against CD133, an early EPC marker, CD34, a stem cell marker, and CD31, a typical marker for endothelial cells. In culture, they differentiate into EC and hence could have the potential to contribute to neovascularization in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Hager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
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Kouroupis D, Churchman SM, English A, Emery P, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Jones EA. Assessment of umbilical cord tissue as a source of mesenchymal stem cell/endothelial cell mixtures for bone regeneration. Regen Med 2014; 8:569-81. [PMID: 23998751 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To enumerate and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in umbilical cord (UC) tissue digests. MATERIALS & METHODS Cultured UC cells were characterized phenotypically, and functionally by using 48-gene arrays. Native MSCs and ECs were enumerated using flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with bone marrow (BM) MSCs, UC MSCs displayed significantly lower (range 4-240-fold) basal levels of bone-related transcripts, but their phenotypes were similar (CD73⁺, CD105⁺, CD90⁺, CD45⁻ and CD31⁻). UC MSCs responded well to osteogenic induction, but day 21 postinduction levels remained below those achieved by BM MSCs. The total yield of native UC MSCs (CD90⁺, CD45⁻ and CD235α⁻) and ECs (CD31⁺, CD45⁻ and CD235α⁻) exceeded 150 and 15 million cells/donation, respectively. Both UC MSCs and ECs expressed CD146. CONCLUSION While BM MSCs are more predisposed to osteogenesis, UC tissue harbors large numbers of MSCs and ECs; such minimally manipulated 'off-the-shelf' cellular mixtures can be used for regenerating bone in patients with compromised vascular supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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33
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Simvastatin coating of TiO2 scaffold induces osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Araña M, Mazo M, Aranda P, Pelacho B, Prosper F. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, expansion, and characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1036:47-61. [PMID: 23807785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-511-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, cell therapy has emerged as a potentially new approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Among the wide range of cell types and sources, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise, mainly due to its plasticity and remarkable paracrine-secretion capacity, largely demonstrated at the in vitro and in vivo levels. Furthermore, its accessibility and abundance, the low morbidity of the surgical procedure, its easy isolation, culture, and long-term passaging capacity added to its immunomodulatory properties that could allow its allogeneic transplantation, making it one of the most attractive candidates for clinical application. In this chapter, we will focus on the methodology for the isolation, expansion, phenotypical characterization, differentiation, and storage of the adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Araña
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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35
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Scuderi N, Ceccarelli S, Onesti MG, Fioramonti P, Guidi C, Romano F, Frati L, Angeloni A, Marchese C. Human adipose-derived stromal cells for cell-based therapies in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:779-95. [PMID: 22526170 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x639017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of cell-based therapy with cultured adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations in patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc). ASCs have an extraordinary developmental plasticity, including the ability to undergo multilineage differentiation and self-renewal. Moreover, ASCs can be easily harvested from small volumes of liposuction aspirate, showing great in vitro viability and proliferation rate. Here we isolated, characterized, and expanded ASCs, assessing both their mesenchymal origin and their capability to differentiate towards the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineage. We developed an effective method for ASCs transplantation into sclerodermic patients by means of a hyaluronic acid (HA) solution, which allowed us to achieve precise structural modifications. ASCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of six sclerodermic patients and cultured in a chemical-defined medium before autologous transplantation to restore skin sequelae. The results indicated that transplantation of a combination of ASCs in HA solution determined a significant improvement in tightening of the skin without complications such as anechoic areas, fat necrosis, or infections, thus suggesting that ASCs are a potentially valuable source of cells for skin therapy in rare diseases such as SSc and generally in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Scuderi
- Department of Surgery P. Valdoni, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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36
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Yeasmin S, Ceccarelli J, Vigen M, Carrion B, Putnam AJ, Tarle SA, Kaigler D. Stem cells derived from tooth periodontal ligament enhance functional angiogenesis by endothelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:1188-96. [PMID: 24147894 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine approaches involving cell therapy, selection of the appropriate cell type is important in that the cells must directly (differentiation) or indirectly (trophic effects) participate in the regenerative response. Regardless of the mode of action of the cells, angiogenesis underlies the success of these approaches. Stem cells derived from tooth tissues, specifically the periodontal ligament of teeth (periodontal ligament stem cells [PDLSCs]), have recently been identified as a good source of multipotent cells for cell therapies. PDLSCs have demonstrated properties similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), yet, unlike MSCs, their vascular potential has not been previously demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if PDLSCs could modulate angiogenesis. In comparison to MSCs and stem cells derived from tooth pulp tissues (SHEDs), we first determined if PDLSCs released soluble proangiogenic factors with the capacity to induce vessel formation by endothelial cells (ECs). Next, the ability of PDLSCs to modulate angiogenesis was examined through their cotransplantation with ECs in subcutaneous sites of immunocompromised mice. Finally, the stability of the PDLSC-mediated vasculature was determined through evaluation of the maturity and functionality of the vessels formed following PDLSC transplantation. It was determined that PDLSCs produced appreciable levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor-2, and additionally, were able to initiate in vitro angiogenesis of ECs comparable to MSC- and SHED-mediated angiogenesis. In vivo cotransplantation of ECs with PDLSCs significantly (>50% increase) enhanced the number of blood vessels formed relative to transplantation of ECs alone. Finally, vessels formed following PDLSC cotransplantation were more mature and less permeable than those formed after transplantation of EC alone. These data demonstrate for the first time that PDLSCs have vascular potential, which could make them a very attractive cell population for utilization in regenerative cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Yeasmin
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Zhu M, Dong Z, Gao J, Liao Y, Xue J, Yuan Y, Liu L, Chang Q, Lu F. Adipocyte regeneration after free fat transplantation: promotion by stromal vascular fraction cells. Cell Transplant 2013; 24:49-62. [PMID: 24172865 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x675133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to explore the mechanism of cell-assisted adipose transplantation by using freshly isolated human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and to observe the dynamic changes of the graft after transplantation. The SVF was isolated from human liposuction aspirates, and 0.5 ml adipose tissue was mixed with 1 × 10(6) SVF cells or culture medium then injected to nude mice subcutaneously. At 1, 4, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days after transplantation, samples were harvested for 1) general observation and retention rate; 2) whole-mount stain; 3) H&E stain; 4) immunohistochemical staining for S100, CD68, and CD34; 5) ELISA for VEGF and bFGF; 6) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) fluorescence in situ hybridization. The retention rate in the experiment group was markedly higher than that in the control group. Whole-mount stain shows most of the cells in the center of the graft could not survive the ischemia until day 14. Histology showed new vessels on the surface of the graft at 3 days. However, in the control group, fewer newly formed vessels were detected until day 7. In the late stage of transplantation, gradual fibrosis was found in the graft, and the tissue was divided into a grid-like structure. A large number of round neonatal adipocytes with big nuclei in the center were found surrounding the new vessels, which were S100 and CD34 positive and CD68 negative. In the late stage of transplantation, most of the neonatal adipocytes were human PPARγ positive. Moreover, the SVF group showed a higher level of VEGF and bFGF. SVF assisting adipose transplantation could increase the retention rate of the graft through promoting adipose tissue regeneration via secretion of growth factors, promotion of angiogenesis, and increasing the density of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Iwai R, Nemoto Y, Nakayama Y. The effect of electrically charged polyion complex nanoparticle-coated surfaces on adipose-derived stromal progenitor cell behaviour. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9096-102. [PMID: 24008038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Surface characteristics of biomaterials such as wettability, rigidity, roughness, and electrical charge affect the fate of transplanted cells such as progenitor cells or stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. Of these, the effects of surface electrical charges on cellular behaviour such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation are not well understood. We prepared precisely charged culture surfaces ranging from -28 mV to +21 mV, simply by surface deposition of polyion complex nanoparticles prepared by mixing a positively charged thermoresponsive homopolymer, poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), with negatively charged plasmid DNA at various charge ratios. Drastic morphological changes of adipose-derived vascular progenitor cells were generated on the positively charged surface of organized forms at +19 mV. Capillary-like networks or single aggregates of these cells were selectively created depending on cell seeding density. Our findings offer new insights that may aid develop stem cell-processing techniques for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Iwai
- Division of Medical Engineering and Materials, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Lakshmanan R, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Polymeric scaffold aided stem cell therapeutics for cardiac muscle repair and regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1119-34. [PMID: 23982911 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The constantly expanding repository of novel polymers and stem cells has opened up new vistas in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. Successful regeneration of the complex cardiac tissue mainly centres on the appropriate scaffold material with topographical features that mimic the native environment. The integration of stem cells on these scaffolds is expected to enhance the regeneration potential. This review elaborates on the interplay of these vital factors in achieving the functional cardiac tissue. The recent advances in polymers, nanocomposites, and stem cells from different sources are highlighted. Special emphasis is laid on the clinical trials involving stem cells and the state-of-the-art materials to obtain a balanced perspective on the translational potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Lakshmanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rohban R, Reinisch A, Etchart N, Schallmoser K, Hofmann NA, Szoke K, Brinchmann JE, Rad EB, Rohde E, Strunk D. Identification of an effective early signaling signature during neo-vasculogenesis in vivo by ex vivo proteomic profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66909. [PMID: 23826172 PMCID: PMC3691264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic neo-vasculogenesis in vivo can be achieved by the co-transplantation of human endothelial colony-forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) with mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs). The underlying mechanism is not completely understood thus hampering the development of novel stem cell therapies. We hypothesized that proteomic profiling could be used to retrieve the in vivo signaling signature during the initial phase of human neo-vasculogenesis. ECFCs and MSPCs were therefore either transplanted alone or co-transplanted subcutaneously into immune deficient mice. Early cell signaling, occurring within the first 24 hours in vivo, was analyzed using antibody microarray proteomic profiling. Vessel formation and persistence were verified in parallel transplants for up to 24 weeks. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alteration of regulatory components including caspases, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, DNA protein kinase, human ErbB2 receptor-tyrosine kinase as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases. Caspase-4 was selected from array results as one therapeutic candidate for targeting vascular network formation in vitro as well as modulating therapeutic vasculogenesis in vivo. As a proof-of-principle, caspase-4 and general caspase-blocking led to diminished endothelial network formation in vitro and significantly decreased vasculogenesis in vivo. Proteomic profiling ex vivo thus unraveled a signaling signature which can be used for target selection to modulate neo-vasculogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Rohban
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Etchart
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Krisztina Szoke
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E. Brinchmann
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ehsan Bonyadi Rad
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Najar M, Raicevic G, Fayyad-Kazan H, Kazan HF, De Bruyn C, Bron D, Toungouz M, Lagneaux L. Immune-related antigens, surface molecules and regulatory factors in human-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: the expression and impact of inflammatory priming. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 8:1188-98. [PMID: 22983809 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on their ability to regulate immune responses, MSCs are considered to be potential candidates for managing immune-mediated diseases in the context of immune therapy. AT and WJ are considered valuable alternatives for BM as a source of MSCs. A detailed and comparative characterization of the immunological profile of MSCs derived from different sources, as well as an understanding of their responsiveness under certain circumstances, such as inflammation, is required to facilitate efficient and well-designed clinical studies. Flow cytometric analyses revealed clear differences among MSC types concerning the expression of the endothelial (e.g., CD31, CD34, CD144 and CD309) and stromal (e.g., CD90 and CD105) associated markers. Regardless of their source, MSCs did not express any of the known hematopoietic markers. All MSCs were uniformly positive for HLA-ABC and lacked the expression of HLA-DR and the co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40, CD80, CD86, CD134 and CD252) required for full T-cell activation. Tissue-specific MSCs presented a modulated expression of cell adhesion molecules that is important for their cellular interactions. MSCs exhibited several surface (e.g., CD73, HLA-G, HO-1 and CD274) and soluble (e.g., HGF, PGE2 and IGFBP-3) immunoregulatory molecules. According to these immunological profiles, the present work provides evidence that the source from which MSCs are derived is important for the design of MSC-based immunointervention approaches. In light of these observations, we may suggest that WJ-MSCs appear to be the most attractive cell population to use in immune cellular therapy when immunosuppressive action is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Blvd de Waterloo no 121, 1000 Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lin RZ, Moreno-Luna R, Muñoz-Hernandez R, Li D, Jaminet SCS, Greene AK, Melero-Martin JM. Human white adipose tissue vasculature contains endothelial colony-forming cells with robust in vivo vasculogenic potential. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:735-44. [PMID: 23636611 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have robust vasculogenic potential that can be exploited to bioengineer long-lasting human vascular networks in vivo. However, circulating ECFCs are exceedingly rare in adult peripheral blood. Because the mechanism by which ECFCs are mobilized into circulation is currently unknown, the reliability of peripheral blood as a clinical source of ECFCs remains a concern. Thus, there is a need to find alternative sources of autologous ECFCs. Here we aimed to determine whether ECFCs reside in the vasculature of human white adipose tissue (WAT) and to evaluate if WAT-derived ECFCs have equal clinical potential to blood-derived ECFCs. We isolated the complete endothelial cell (EC) population from intact biopsies of normal human subcutaneous WAT by enzymatic digestion and selection of CD31(+) cells. Subsequently, we extensively compared WAT-derived EC phenotype and functionality to bonafide ECFCs derived from both umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood. We demonstrated that human WAT is indeed a dependable source of ECFCs with indistinguishable properties to adult peripheral blood ECFCs, including hierarchical clonogenic ability, large expansion potential, stable endothelial phenotype, and robust in vivo blood vessel-forming capacity. Considering the unreliability and low rate of occurrence of ECFCs in adult blood and that biopsies of WAT can be obtained with minimal intervention in an ambulatory setting, our results indicate WAT as a more practical alternative to obtain large amounts of readily available autologous ECFCs for future vascular cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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43
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Simões IN, Boura JS, dos Santos F, Andrade PZ, Cardoso CMP, Gimble JM, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Human mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix: successful isolation and ex vivo expansion using serum-/xeno-free culture media. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:448-58. [PMID: 23420807 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could potentially be applied in therapeutic settings due to their multilineage differentiation ability, immunomodulatory properties, as well as their trophic activity. The umbilical cord matrix (UCM) represents a promising source of MSC for biomedical applications. The number of cells isloated per umbilical cord (UC) unit is limited and ex vivo expansion is imperative in order to reach clinically meaningful cell numbers. The limitations of poorly defined reagents (e.g. fetal bovine serum, which is commonly used as a supplement for human MSC expansion) make the use of serum-/xeno-free conditions mandatory. We demonstrated the feasibility of isolating UCM-MSC by plastic adherence using serum-/xeno-free culture medium following enzymatic digestion of UCs, with a 100% success rate. 2.6 ± 0.21 × 10(5) cells were isolated per UC unit, of which 1.9 ± 0.21 × 10(5) were MSC-like cells expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105. When compared to adult sources (bone marrow-derived MSC and adipose-derived stem/stromal cells), UCM-MSC displayed a similar immunophenotype and similar multilineage differentiation ability, while demonstrating a higher expansion potential (average fold increase of 7.4 for serum-containing culture medium and 11.0 for xeno-free culture medium (P3-P6)). The isolation and expansion of UCM-MSC under defined serum-/xeno-free conditions contributes to safer and more effective MSC cellular products, boosting the usefulness of MSC in cellular therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Simões
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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44
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Janeczek Portalska K, Leferink A, Groen N, Fernandes H, Moroni L, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. Endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46842. [PMID: 23056481 PMCID: PMC3464214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are increasingly used in regenerative medicine for restoring worn-out or damaged tissue. Newly engineered tissues need to be properly vascularized and current candidates for in vitro tissue pre-vascularization are endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells. However, their use in therapy is hampered by their limited expansion capacity and lack of autologous sources. Our approach to engineering large grafts is to use hMSCs both as a source of cells for regeneration of targeted tissue and at the same time as the source of endothelial cells. Here we investigate how different stimuli influence endothelial differentiation of hMSCs. Although growth supplements together with shear force were not sufficient to differentiate hMSCs with respect to expression of endothelial markers such as CD31 and KDR, these conditions did prime the cells to differentiate into cells with an endothelial gene expression profile and morphology when seeded on Matrigel. In addition, we show that endothelial-like hMSCs are able to create a capillary network in 3D culture both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The expansion phase in the presence of growth supplements was crucial for the stability of the capillaries formed in vitro. To conclude, we established a robust protocol for endothelial differentiation of hMSCs, including an immortalized MSC line (iMSCs) which allows for reproducible in vitro analysis in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Janeczek Portalska
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Leferink
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Groen
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
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Szöke K, Brinchmann JE. Concise review: therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived angiogenic cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197872 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate blood supply to tissues is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality today. Ischemic symptoms caused by obstruction of arterioles and capillaries are currently not treatable by vessel replacement or dilatation procedures. Therapeutic angiogenesis, the treatment of tissue ischemia by promoting the proliferation of new blood vessels, has recently emerged as one of the most promising therapies. Neovascularization is most often attempted by introduction of angiogenic cells from different sources. Emerging evidence suggests that adipose tissue (AT) is an excellent reservoir of autologous cells with angiogenic potential. AT yields two cell populations of importance for neovascularization: AT-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, which likely act predominantly as pericytes, and AT-derived endothelial cells (ECs). In this concise review we discuss different physiological aspects of neovascularization, briefly present cells isolated from the blood and bone marrow with EC properties, and then discuss isolation and cell culture strategies, phenotype, functional capabilities, and possible therapeutic applications of angiogenic cells obtained from AT.
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Adutler-Lieber S, Ben-Mordechai T, Naftali-Shani N, Asher E, Loberman D, Raanani E, Leor J. Human macrophage regulation via interaction with cardiac adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 18:78-86. [PMID: 22894882 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412453875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve tissue repair but their mechanism of action is not fully understood. We aimed to test the hypothesis that MSCs may act via macrophages, and that specifically, human cardiac adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) can polarize human macrophages into a reparative, anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Methods and RESULTS We isolated and grew AT-MSCs from human cardiac adipose tissue obtained during cardiac surgery. Macrophages were grown from CD14(+) monocytes from healthy donor blood and then cocultured with AT-MSCs, with and without transwell membrane, for 1 to 14 days. In response to AT-MSCs, macrophages acquired a star-shaped morphology, typical of alternatively activated phenotype (M2), and increased the expression of M2 markers CD206(+), CD163(+), and CD16(+) by 1.5- and 9-fold. Significantly, AT-MSCs modified macrophage cytokine secretion and increased the secretion of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines: interleukin (IL)-10 (9-fold) and vascular endothelial growth factors (3-fold). Moreover, AT-MSCs decreased macrophage secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α (2-fold), tumor necrosis factor α (1.5-fold), IL-17 (3-fold), and interferon gamma (2-fold). Remarkably, the interaction between AT-MSCs and macrophages was bidirectional and macrophages enhanced AT-MSC secretion of typical M2 inducers IL-4 and IL-13. Notably, AT-MSCs decreased macrophage phagocytic capacity. Finally, IL-6 mediates the M2 polarization effect of AT-MSCs on macrophages, by increasing M2-associated cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS Human cardiac AT-MSCs can polarize human macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype. Our findings suggest a new mechanism of action of AT-MSCs that could be relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Adutler-Lieber
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Bagno LLS, Werneck-de-Castro JPS, Oliveira PF, Cunha-Abreu MS, Rocha NN, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Lago VM, Goldenberg RCS, Campos-de-Carvalho AC. Adipose-derived stromal cell therapy improves cardiac function after coronary occlusion in rats. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1985-96. [PMID: 22472303 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x636858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified adipose tissue as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapy with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in a rat model of healed myocardial infarction (MI). ASCs from inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats were isolated by enzymatic digestion and filtration. Cells were then cultured until passage 3. Four weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery of female rats, a suspension of either 100 µl with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) + Matrigel + 2 × 10(6) ASCs labeled with Hoechst (n = 11) or 100 µl of PBS + Matrigel (n = 10) was injected along the borders of the ventricular wall scar tissue. A sham-operated group (n = 5) was submitted to the same surgical procedure except permanent ligation of left coronary artery. Cardiac performance was assessed by electro- and echocardiogram. Echo was performed prior to injections (baseline, BL) and 6 weeks after injections (follow-up, FU), and values after treatment were normalized by values obtained before treatment. Hemodynamic measurements were performed 6 weeks after injections. All infarcted animals exhibited cardiac function impairment. Ejection fraction (EF), shortening fractional area (SFA), and left ventricular akinesia (LVA) were similar between infarcted groups before treatment. Six weeks after therapy, ASC group showed significant improvement in all three ECHO indices in comparison to vehicle group. In anesthetized animals dp/dt(+) was also significantly higher in ASCs when compared to vehicle. In agreement with functional improvement, scar area was diminished in the ASC group. We conclude that ASCs improve cardiac function in infarcted rats when administered directly to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza L S Bagno
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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