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Watanabe Y, Yamamoto H, Shimizu I, Hongo H, Noguchi A, Fujii N, Hoson T, Wakabayashi K, Soga K. Suppression of essential oil biosynthesis in sweet basil cotyledons under hypergravity conditions. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:1-7. [PMID: 39067981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism through which gravity influences the biosynthesis of essential oils in herbs is an important issue for plant and space biology. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seedlings were cultivated under centrifugal hypergravity conditions at 100 g in the light, and the growth of cotyledons, development of glandular hairs, and biosynthesis of essential oils were analyzed. The area and fresh weight of the cotyledons increased by similar amounts irrespective of the gravitational conditions. On the abaxial surface of the cotyledons, glandular hairs, where essential oils are synthesized and stored, developed from those with single-cell heads to those with four-cell heads; however, hypergravity did not affect this development. The main components, methyl eugenol and 1,8-cineole, in the essential oils of cotyledons were lower in cotyledons grown under hypergravity conditions. The gene expression of enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway involved in the synthesis of methyl eugenol, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT), was downregulated by hypergravity. Hypergravity also decreased the gene expression of enzymes in the 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway involved in the synthesis of 1,8-cineole, such as 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1,8-cineole synthase (CINS). These results indicate that hypergravity without affecting the development of glandular hairs, decreases the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of methyl eugenol and 1,8-cineole, which may cause a decrease in the amounts of both essential oils in sweet basil cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hana Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ikumi Shimizu
- Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hongo
- Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Arisa Noguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoson
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kouichi Soga
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Nakashima J, Pattathil S, Avci U, Chin S, Alan Sparks J, Hahn MG, Gilroy S, Blancaflor EB. Glycome profiling and immunohistochemistry uncover changes in cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana roots during spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 37608048 PMCID: PMC10444889 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large and diverse library of glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was used to determine if plant cell walls are modified by low-gravity conditions encountered during spaceflight. This method called glycome profiling (glycomics) revealed global differences in non-cellulosic cell wall epitopes in Arabidopsis thaliana root extracts recovered from RNA purification columns between seedlings grown on the International Space Station-based Vegetable Production System and paired ground (1-g) controls. Immunohistochemistry on 11-day-old seedling primary root sections showed that ten of twenty-two mAbs that exhibited spaceflight-induced increases in binding through glycomics, labeled space-grown roots more intensely than those from the ground. The ten mAbs recognized xyloglucan, xylan, and arabinogalactan epitopes. Notably, three xylem-enriched unsubstituted xylan backbone epitopes were more intensely labeled in space-grown roots than in ground-grown roots, suggesting that the spaceflight environment accelerated root secondary cell wall formation. This study highlights the feasibility of glycomics for high-throughput evaluation of cell wall glycans using only root high alkaline extracts from RNA purification columns, and subsequent validation of these results by immunohistochemistry. This approach will benefit plant space biological studies because it extends the analyses possible from the limited amounts of samples returned from spaceflight and help uncover microgravity-induced tissue-specific changes in plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nakashima
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Mascoma LLC (Lallemand Inc.), 67 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
- The University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Utku Avci
- The University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26160, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sabrina Chin
- Department of Botany, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J Alan Sparks
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26160, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Utilization & Life Sciences Office, Exploration Research and Technology Programs, NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, 32899, USA.
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Yamazaki C, Yamazaki T, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Uheda E, Oka M, Kamada M, Shimazu T, Kasahara H, Sano H, Suzuki T, Higashibata A, Miyamoto K, Ueda J. Comprehensive analyses of plant hormones in etiolated pea and maize seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space: Relevance to the International Space Station experiment "Auxin Transport". LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 36:138-146. [PMID: 36682823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional relationships between endogenous levels of plant hormones in the growth and development of shoots in etiolated Alaska pea and etiolated Golden Cross Bantam maize seedlings under different gravities were investigated in the "Auxin Transport" experiment aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Comprehensive analyses of 31 species of plant hormones of pea and maize seedlings grown under microgravity (μg) in space and 1 g conditions were conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a multiple regression analysis with the dataset from the plant hormone analysis of the etiolated pea seedlings grown under μg and 1 g conditions in the presence and absence of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) revealed endogenous levels of auxin correlated positively with bending and length of epicotyls. Endogenous cytokinins correlated negatively with them. These results suggest an interaction of auxin and cytokinins in automorphogenesis and growth inhibition of etiolated Alaska pea epicotyls grown under μg conditions in space. Less polar auxin transport with reduced endogenous levels of auxin increased endogenous levels of cytokinins, resulting in changing the growth direction of epicotyls and inhibiting growth. On the other hand, almost no close relationship between endogenous plant hormone levels and growth and development in etiolated maize seedlings grown was observed under μg conditions in space, as per Schulze et al. (1992). However, endogenous levels of IAA in the seedlings grown under μg conditions in space were significantly higher than those grown on Earth, similar to the cases of polar auxin transport already reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yamazaki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Yamazaki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Eiji Uheda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mariko Oka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Kamada
- Future Development Division, Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan.
| | - Toru Shimazu
- Technology and Research Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Shin-Otemachi Bldg. 7F, 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Haruo Kasahara
- Utilization Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space System Corporation, Space Station Test Building, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Utilization Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space System Corporation, Space Station Test Building, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Suzuki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Higashibata
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Nguyen M, Knowling M, Tran NN, Burgess A, Fisk I, Watt M, Escribà-Gelonch M, This H, Culton J, Hessel V. Space farming: Horticulture systems on spacecraft and outlook to planetary space exploration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:708-721. [PMID: 36566710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful human space exploration requires more products than can be taken as payload. There is a need, therefore, for in-space circular manufacturing. Requirements for this include limited resource inflow, from either Earth or other planets and the generation of minimal waste. The provision of nutritious food is a clear need for human survival on the Moon or Mars and is one of the most complex to solve. Demand in large quantities, constant and reliable provision of food requires the development of specialist agricultural technologies. Here, we first review the history of space farming over the past five decades. This survey assesses the technologies which have been tested under the harsh conditions of space, identifying which modern horticultural components are applicable for in-space plant growth. We then outline which plants have been grown and under what conditions, and speculate upon the types of plants that could be selected to best nourish astronauts. Current systems are focussed on experimentation and exploration, but do not yet provide turn-key solutions for efficient food production within a long-term space exploration scenario. With that take, this review aims to provide a perspective on how an engineered closed circular environmental life-support system (ECCLES) might be constructed. To exemplify the latter, nutrient auto accumulation by biofortification is proposed through the integration of space farming and space mining, which is uncharted on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Andy Thomas Centre of Space Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Knowling
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nam N Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Alexandra Burgess
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Fisk
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Watt
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Herve This
- INRA Team of Molecular Gastronomy, INRA/ AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - John Culton
- Andy Thomas Centre of Space Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Andy Thomas Centre of Space Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Kordyum EL, Artemenko OA, Hasenstein KH. Lipid Rafts and Plant Gravisensitivity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1809. [PMID: 36362962 PMCID: PMC9695138 DOI: 10.3390/life12111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity to include plants as a component of a Bioregenerative Life Support System leads to investigations to optimize plant growth facilities as well as a better understanding of the plant cell membrane and its numerous activities in the signaling, transport, and sensing of gravity, drought, and other stressors. The cell membrane participates in numerous processes, including endo- and exocytosis and cell division, and is involved in the response to external stimuli. Variable but stabilized microdomains form in membranes that include specific lipids and proteins that became known as (detergent-resistant) membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts with various subclassifications. The composition, especially the sterol-dependent recruitment of specific proteins affects endo- and exo-membrane domains as well as plasmodesmata. The enhanced saturated fatty acid content in lipid rafts after clinorotation suggests increased rigidity and reduced membrane permeability as a primary response to abiotic and mechanical stress. These results can also be obtained with lipid-sensitive stains. The linkage of the CM to the cytoskeleton via rafts is part of the complex interactions between lipid microdomains, mechanosensitive ion channels, and the organization of the cytoskeleton. These intricately linked structures and functions provide multiple future research directions to elucidate the role of lipid rafts in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Artemenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karl H. Hasenstein
- Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
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Abstract
The growth and development of plants during spaceflight have important implications for both basic and applied research supported by NASA and other international space agencies. While there have been many reviews of plant space biology, this chapter attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the actual process and methods of performing plant research in the spaceflight environment. One of the authors (JZK) has been a principal investigator on eight spaceflight projects. These experiences include using the U.S. Space Shuttle, the former Russian Space Station Mir, and the International Space Station, utilizing the Space Shuttle and Space X as launch vehicles. While there are several ways to fly an experiment into space and to obtain a spaceflight opportunity, this review focuses on using the NASA peer-reviewed sciences approach to get an experiment manifested for flight. Three narratives for the implementation of plant space biology experiments are considered from rapid turn around of a few months to a project with new hardware development that lasted 6 years. The many challenges of spaceflight research include logistical and resource constraints such as crew time, power, cold stowage, data downlinks, among others. Additional issues considered are working at NASA centers, hardware development, safety concerns, and the engineering versus science culture in space agencies. The difficulties of publishing the results from spaceflight research based on such factors as the lack of controls, limited sample size, and the indirect effects of the spaceflight environment also are summarized. Lessons learned from these spaceflight experiences are discussed in the context of improvements for future space-based research projects with plants. We also will consider new opportunities for Moon-based research via NASA's Artemis lunar exploration program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Shymanovich
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - John Z Kiss
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Xie J, Wang L, Zheng H. Molecular Basis to Integrate Microgravity Signals into the Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana under Spaceflight Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:63. [PMID: 35008489 PMCID: PMC8744661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of spaceflight on plant flowering regulation is important to setup a life support system for long-term human space exploration. However, the way in which plant flowering is affected by spaceflight remains unclear. Here, we present results from our latest space experiments on the Chinese spacelab Tiangong-2, in which Arabidopsis wild-type and transgenic plants pFT::GFP germinated and grew as normally as their controls on the ground, but the floral initiation under the long-day condition in space was about 20 days later than their controls on the ground. Time-course series of digital images of pFT::GFP plants showed that the expression rhythm of FT in space did not change, but the peak appeared later in comparison with those of their controls on the ground. Whole-genome microarray analysis revealed that approximately 16% of Arabidopsis genes at the flowering stage changed their transcript levels under spaceflight conditions in comparison with their controls on the ground. The GO terms were enriched in DEGs with up-regulation of the response to temperature, wounding, and protein stabilization and down-regulation of the function in circadian rhythm, gibberellins, and mRNA processes. FT and SOC1 could act as hubs to integrate spaceflight stress signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis in space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huiqiong Zheng
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.X.); (L.W.)
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8
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Qiu D, Jian Y, Zhang Y, Xie G. Plant Gravitropism and Signal Conversion under a Stress Environment of Altered Gravity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111723. [PMID: 34769154 PMCID: PMC8583895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been committed to space exploration and to find the next planet suitable for human survival. The construction of an ecosystem that adapts to the long-term survival of human beings in space stations or other planets would be the first step. The space plant cultivation system is the key component of an ecosystem, which will produce food, fiber, edible oil and oxygen for future space inhabitants. Many plant experiments have been carried out under a stimulated or real environment of altered gravity, including at microgravity (0 g), Moon gravity (0.17 g) and Mars gravity (0.38 g). How plants sense gravity and change under stress environment of altered gravity were summarized in this review. However, many challenges remain regarding human missions to the Moon or Mars. Our group conducted the first plant experiment under real Moon gravity (0.17 g) in 2019. One of the cotton seeds successfully germinated and produced a green seedling, which represents the first green leaf produced by mankind on the Moon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Correspondence: (D.Q.); (G.X.)
| | - Yongfei Jian
- Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Gengxin Xie
- Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.Q.); (G.X.)
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Kordyum E, Hasenstein KH. Plant biology for space exploration - Building on the past, preparing for the future. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 29:1-7. [PMID: 33888282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A review of past insights of space experiments with plants outlines basic space and gravity effects as well as gene expression. Efforts to grow plants in space gradually incorporated basic question on plant productivity, stress response and cultivation. The prospect of extended space missions as well as colonization of the Moon and Mars require better understanding and therefore research efforts on biomass productivity, substrate and water relations, atmospheric composition, pressure and temperature and substrate and volume (growth space) requirements. The essential combination of using plants not only for food production but also for regeneration of waste, and recycling of carbon and oxygen production requires integration of complex biological and engineering aspects. We combine a historical account of plant space research with considerations for future research on plant cultivation, selection, and productivity based on space-related environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine, United States
| | - Karl H Hasenstein
- Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504-3602, United States.
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10
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Angelos E, Ko DK, Zemelis-Durfee S, Brandizzi F. Relevance of the Unfolded Protein Response to Spaceflight-Induced Transcriptional Reprogramming in Arabidopsis. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:367-380. [PMID: 33325797 PMCID: PMC7987364 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are primary producers of food and oxygen on Earth and will likewise be indispensable to the establishment of large-scale sustainable ecosystems and human survival in space. To contribute to the understanding of how plants respond to spaceflight stress, we examined the significance of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved signaling cascade that responds to a number of unfavorable environmental stresses, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To do so, we performed a large-scale comparative transcriptome profiling in wild type and various UPR-defective mutants during the SpaceX-CRS12 mission to the International Space Station. We established that orbital culture substantially alters the expression of hundreds of stress-related genes compared with ground control conditions. Although expression of those genes varied in the UPR mutants on the ground, it was largely similar across the genotypes in the spaceflight condition. Our results have yielded new information on how plants respond to growth in orbit and support the hypothesis that spaceflight induces the activation of signaling pathways that compensate for the loss of UPR regulators in the control of downstream transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Angelos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dae Kwan Ko
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Starla Zemelis-Durfee
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Address correspondence to: Federica Brandizzi, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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11
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Kitto RZ, Dhillon Y, Bevington J, Horne M, Giegé P, Drouard L, Heintz D, Villette C, Corre N, Arrivé M, Manefield MJ, Bowman R, Favier JJ, Osborne B, Welch C, McKay CP, Hammond MC. Synthetic biological circuit tested in spaceflight. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 28:57-65. [PMID: 33612180 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has potential spaceflight applications yet few if any studies have attempted to translate Earth-based synthetic biology tools into spaceflight. An exogenously inducible biological circuit for protein production in Arabidopsis thaliana, pX7-AtPDSi (Guo et al. 2003), was flown to ISS and functionally investigated. Seedlings were grown in a custom built 1.25 U plant greenhouse. Images recorded during the experiment show that leaves of pX7-AtPDSi seedlings photobleached as designed while wild type Col-0 leaves did not, which reveals that the synthetic circuit led to protein production during spaceflight. Polymerase chain reaction analysis post-flight also confirms that the Cre/LoxP (recombination system) portions of the circuit were functional in spaceflight. The subcomponents of the biological circuit, estrogen-responsive transcription factor XVE, Cre/LoxP DNA recombination system, and RNAi post-transcriptional gene silencing system now have flight heritage and can be incorporated in future designs for space applications. To facilitate future plant studies in space, the full payload design and manufacturing files are made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Z Kitto
- Department of Chemistry, and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - James Bevington
- International Space University, Strasbourg, France; School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mera Horne
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Drouard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Villette
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Corre
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Arrivé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael J Manefield
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Bowman
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chris Welch
- International Space University, Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Ming C Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Mohanta TK, Mishra AK, Mohanta YK, Al-Harrasi A. Space Breeding: The Next-Generation Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:771985. [PMID: 34777452 PMCID: PMC8579881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of space exploration, researchers have been exploring the role of microgravity, cosmic radiation, and other aspects of the space environment on plant growth and development. To create superior crop varieties and achieve noticeable success in the space environment, several types of research have been conducted thus far. Space-grown plants have been exposed to cosmic radiation and microgravity, which has led to the generation of crop varieties with diverse genotypes and phenotypes arising from different cellular, subcellular, genomic, chromosomal, and biochemical changes. DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations due to cosmic radiation are the major factors responsible for genetic polymorphism and the generation of crops with modified genetic combinations. These changes can be used to produce next-generation crop varieties capable of surviving diverse environmental conditions. This review aims to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms and genetic mutations found in plants used in recent space crop projects and how these can be applied in space breeding programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- *Correspondence: Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ;
| | | | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Science and Technology, Ri-Bhoi, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi,
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13
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Makino Y, Ichinose K, Yoshimura M, Kawahara Y, Yuge L. Efficient preservation of sprouting vegetables under simulated microgravity conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240809. [PMID: 33057413 PMCID: PMC7561153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of a simulated microgravity environment as a novel method for preserving the freshness of vegetables was investigated. Three types of vegetables were selected: vegetable soybean, mung bean sprouts, and white radish sprouts. These selected vegetables were fixed on a three-dimensional rotary gravity controller, rotated slowly. The selected vegetables were stored at 25°C and 66% of relative humidity for 9, 6, or 5 d while undergoing this process. The simulated microgravity was controlled utilizing a gravity controller around 0 m s-2. The mung bean sprouts stored for 6 d under simulated microgravity conditions maintained higher thickness levels than the vegetable samples stored under normal gravity conditions (9.8 m s-2) for the same duration. The mass of all three items decreased with time without regard to the gravity environment, though the samples stored within the simulated microgravity environment displayed significant mass retention on and after 3 d for mung bean sprout samples and 1 d for white radish sprout samples. In contrast, the mass retention effect was not observed in the vegetable soybean samples. Hence, it was confirmed that the mass retention effect of microgravity was limited to sprout vegetables. As a result of analysis harnessing a mathematical model, assuming that the majority of the mass loss is due to moisture loss, a significant difference in mass reduction coefficient occurs among mung bean sprouts and white radish sprouts due to the microgravity environment, and the mass retention effect of simulated microgravity is quantitatively evaluated utilizing mathematical models. Simulated microgravity, which varies significantly from conventional refrigeration, ethylene control, and modified atmosphere, was demonstrated effective as a novel method for preserving and maintaining the freshness of sprout vegetables. This founding will support long-term space flight missions by prolonging shelf life of sprout vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kanji Ichinose
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Louis Yuge
- Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Santomartino R, Waajen AC, de Wit W, Nicholson N, Parmitano L, Loudon CM, Moeller R, Rettberg P, Fuchs FM, Van Houdt R, Finster K, Coninx I, Krause J, Koehler A, Caplin N, Zuijderduijn L, Zolesi V, Balsamo M, Mariani A, Pellari SS, Carubia F, Luciani G, Leys N, Doswald-Winkler J, Herová M, Wadsworth J, Everroad RC, Rattenbacher B, Demets R, Cockell CS. No Effect of Microgravity and Simulated Mars Gravity on Final Bacterial Cell Concentrations on the International Space Station: Applications to Space Bioproduction. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579156. [PMID: 33154740 PMCID: PMC7591705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms perform countless tasks on Earth and they are expected to be essential for human space exploration. Despite the interest in the responses of bacteria to space conditions, the findings on the effects of microgravity have been contradictory, while the effects of Martian gravity are nearly unknown. We performed the ESA BioRock experiment on the International Space Station to study microbe-mineral interactions in microgravity, simulated Mars gravity and simulated Earth gravity, as well as in ground gravity controls, with three bacterial species: Sphingomonas desiccabilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Cupriavidus metallidurans. To our knowledge, this was the first experiment to study simulated Martian gravity on bacteria using a space platform. Here, we tested the hypothesis that different gravity regimens can influence the final cell concentrations achieved after a multi-week period in space. Despite the different sedimentation rates predicted, we found no significant differences in final cell counts and optical densities between the three gravity regimens on the ISS. This suggests that possible gravity-related effects on bacterial growth were overcome by the end of the experiment. The results indicate that microbial-supported bioproduction and life support systems can be effectively performed in space (e.g., Mars), as on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Santomartino
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Annemiek C Waajen
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wessel de Wit
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Nicholson
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Parmitano
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Claire-Marie Loudon
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Petra Rettberg
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Felix M Fuchs
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kai Finster
- Department of Biology - Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jutta Krause
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Koehler
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Nicol Caplin
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Lobke Zuijderduijn
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Magdalena Herová
- BIOTESC, Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Wadsworth
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, United States
| | - R Craig Everroad
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, United States
| | - Bernd Rattenbacher
- BIOTESC, Hochschule Luzern Technik und Architektur, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - René Demets
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Charles S Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Chandler JO, Haas FB, Khan S, Bowden L, Ignatz M, Enfissi EMA, Gawthrop F, Griffiths A, Fraser PD, Rensing SA, Leubner-Metzger G. Rocket Science: The Effect of Spaceflight on Germination Physiology, Ageing, and Transcriptome of Eruca sativa Seeds. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E49. [PMID: 32344775 PMCID: PMC7235897 DOI: 10.3390/life10040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 'Rocket Science' project, storage of Eruca sativa (salad rocket) seeds for six months on board the International Space Station resulted in delayed seedling establishment. Here we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning the spaceflight effects on dry seeds. We found that 'Space' seed germination vigor was reduced, and ageing sensitivity increased, but the spaceflight did not compromise seed viability and the development of normal seedlings. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes (using RNAseq) in dry seeds and upon controlled artificial ageing treatment (CAAT) revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with spaceflight and ageing. DEG categories enriched by spaceflight and CAAT included transcription and translation with reduced transcript abundances for 40S and 60S ribosomal subunit genes. Among the 'spaceflight-up' DEGs were heat shock proteins (HSPs), DNAJ-related chaperones, a heat shock factor (HSFA7a-like), and components of several DNA repair pathways (e.g., ATM, DNA ligase 1). The 'response to radiation' category was especially enriched in 'spaceflight-up' DEGs including HSPs, catalases, and the transcription factor HY5. The major finding from the physiological and transcriptome analysis is that spaceflight causes vigor loss and partial ageing during air-dry seed storage, for which space environmental factors and consequences for seed storage during spaceflights are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake O. Chandler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Fabian B. Haas
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (F.B.H.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Safina Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Laura Bowden
- Official Seed Testing Station for Scotland, SASA, Edinburgh EH12 9FJ, UK;
| | - Michael Ignatz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Eugenia M. A. Enfissi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
| | | | - Alistair Griffiths
- Science Department, Royal Horticultural Society, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB, UK;
| | - Paul D. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (F.B.H.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (J.O.C.); (S.K.); (M.I.); (E.M.A.E.); (P.D.F.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Palaćky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Barker R, Lombardino J, Rasmussen K, Gilroy S. Test of Arabidopsis Space Transcriptome: A Discovery Environment to Explore Multiple Plant Biology Spaceflight Experiments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32265943 PMCID: PMC7076552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the routine access to space along with increasing opportunities to perform plant growth experiments on board the International Space Station have led to an ever-increasing body of transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data from plants experiencing spaceflight. These datasets hold great promise to help understand how plant biology reacts to this unique environment. However, analyses that mine across such expanses of data are often complex to implement, being impeded by the sheer number of potential comparisons that are possible. Complexities in how the output of these multiple parallel analyses can be presented to the researcher in an accessible and intuitive form provides further barriers to such research. Recent developments in computational systems biology have led to rapid advances in interactive data visualization environments designed to perform just such tasks. However, to date none of these tools have been tailored to the analysis of the broad-ranging plant biology spaceflight data. We have therefore developed the Test Of Arabidopsis Space Transcriptome (TOAST) database (https://astrobiology.botany.wisc.edu/astrobotany-toast) to address this gap in our capabilities. TOAST is a relational database that uses the Qlik database management software to link plant biology, spaceflight-related omics datasets, and their associated metadata. This environment helps visualize relationships across multiple levels of experiments in an easy to use gene-centric platform. TOAST draws on data from The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) GeneLab and other data repositories and also connects results to a suite of web-based analytical tools to facilitate further investigation of responses to spaceflight and related stresses. The TOAST graphical user interface allows for quick comparisons between plant spaceflight experiments using real-time, gene-specific queries, or by using functional gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, or other filtering systems to explore genetic networks of interest. Testing of the database shows that TOAST confirms patterns of gene expression already highlighted in the literature, such as revealing the modulation of oxidative stress-related responses across multiple plant spaceflight experiments. However, this data exploration environment can also drive new insights into patterns of spaceflight responsive gene expression. For example, TOAST analyses highlight changes to mitochondrial function as likely shared responses in many plant spaceflight experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Barker
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan Lombardino
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kai Rasmussen
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Simon Gilroy,
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17
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Heinrich MK, von Mammen S, Hofstadler DN, Wahby M, Zahadat P, Skrzypczak T, Soorati MD, Krela R, Kwiatkowski W, Schmickl T, Ayres P, Stoy K, Hamann H. Constructing living buildings: a review of relevant technologies for a novel application of biohybrid robotics. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190238. [PMID: 31362616 PMCID: PMC6685033 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biohybrid robotics takes an engineering approach to the expansion and exploitation of biological behaviours for application to automated tasks. Here, we identify the construction of living buildings and infrastructure as a high-potential application domain for biohybrid robotics, and review technological advances relevant to its future development. Construction, civil infrastructure maintenance and building occupancy in the last decades have comprised a major portion of economic production, energy consumption and carbon emissions. Integrating biological organisms into automated construction tasks and permanent building components therefore has high potential for impact. Live materials can provide several advantages over standard synthetic construction materials, including self-repair of damage, increase rather than degradation of structural performance over time, resilience to corrosive environments, support of biodiversity, and mitigation of urban heat islands. Here, we review relevant technologies, which are currently disparate. They span robotics, self-organizing systems, artificial life, construction automation, structural engineering, architecture, bioengineering, biomaterials, and molecular and cellular biology. In these disciplines, developments relevant to biohybrid construction and living buildings are in the early stages, and typically are not exchanged between disciplines. We, therefore, consider this review useful to the future development of biohybrid engineering for this highly interdisciplinary application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Heinrich
- Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- School of Architecture, Centre for IT and Architecture, Royal Danish Academy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian von Mammen
- Human–Computer Interaction, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mostafa Wahby
- Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Payam Zahadat
- Institute of Biology, Artificial Life Lab, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, IT University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Krela
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwiatkowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Schmickl
- Institute of Biology, Artificial Life Lab, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Phil Ayres
- School of Architecture, Centre for IT and Architecture, Royal Danish Academy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Stoy
- Department of Computer Science, IT University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Heiko Hamann
- Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Sng NJ, Kolaczkowski B, Ferl RJ, Paul AL. A member of the CONSTANS-Like protein family is a putative regulator of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and spaceflight physiological adaptation. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:ply075. [PMID: 30705745 PMCID: PMC6348315 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A feature of the physiological adaptation to spaceflight in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated gene expression. The patterns of ROS-associated gene expression vary among Arabidopsis ecotypes, and the role of ROS signalling in spaceflight acclimation is unknown. What could differences in ROS gene regulation between ecotypes on orbit reveal about physiological adaptation to novel environments? Analyses of ecotype-dependent responses to spaceflight resulted in the elucidation of a previously uncharacterized gene (OMG1) as being ROS-associated. The OMG1 5' flanking region is an active promoter in cells where ROS activity is commonly observed, such as in pollen tubes, root hairs, and in other tissues upon wounding. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that upon wounding on Earth, OMG1 is an apparent transcriptional regulator of MYB77 and GRX480, which are associated with the ROS pathway. Fluorescence-based ROS assays show that OMG1 affects ROS production. Phylogenetic analysis of OMG1 and closely related homologs suggests that OMG1 is a distant, unrecognized member of the CONSTANS-Like protein family, a member that arose via gene duplication early in the angiosperm lineage and subsequently lost its first DNA-binding B-box1 domain. These data illustrate that members of the rapidly evolving COL protein family play a role in regulating ROS pathway functions, and their differential regulation on orbit suggests a role for ROS signalling in spaceflight physiological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J Sng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan Kolaczkowski
- Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Ferl
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna-Lisa Paul
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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19
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Miyamoto K, Inui A, Uheda E, Oka M, Kamada M, Yamazaki C, Shimazu T, Kasahara H, Sano H, Suzuki T, Higashibata A, Ueda J. Polar auxin transport is essential to maintain growth and development of etiolated pea and maize seedlings grown under 1 g conditions: Relevance to the international space station experiment. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2019; 20:1-11. [PMID: 30797426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We conducted "Auxin Transport" space experiments in 2016 and 2017 in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS), with the principal objective being integrated analyses of the growth and development of etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) and maize (Zea mays L. cv Golden Cross Bantam) seedlings under true microgravity conditions in space relative to auxin dynamics. Etiolated pea seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space for 3 days showed automorphogenesis. Epicotyls and roots bent ca. 45° and 20° toward the direction away from the cotyledons, respectively, whereas those grown under artificial 1 g conditions produced by a centrifuge in the Cell Biology Experimental Facility (CBEF) in space showed negative and positive gravitropic response in epicotyls and in roots, respectively. On the other hand, the coleoptiles of 4-day-old etiolated maize seedlings grew almost straight, but the mesocotyls curved and grew toward a random direction under microgravity conditions in space. In contrast, the coleoptiles and mesocotyls of etiolated maize seedlings grown under 1 g conditions on Earth were almost straight and grew upward or toward the direction against the gravity vector. The polar auxin transport activity in etiolated pea epicotyls and in maize shoots was significantly inhibited and enhanced, respectively, under microgravity conditions in space as compared with artificial 1 g conditions in space or 1 g conditions on Earth. An inhibitor of polar auxin transport, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) substantially affected the growth direction and polar auxin transport activity in etiolated pea seedlings grown under both artificial 1 g and microgravity conditions in space. These results strongly suggest that adequate polar auxin transport is essential for gravitropic response in plants. Possible mechanisms enhancing polar auxin transport in etiolated maize seedlings grown under microgravity conditions in space are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Akinori Inui
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Uheda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mariko Oka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kamada
- Future Development Division, Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamazaki
- Technology and Research Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Shin-Otemachi Bldg. 7F, 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Shimazu
- Technology and Research Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Shin-Otemachi Bldg. 7F, 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasahara
- Utilization Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space System Corporation, Space Station Test Building, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Utilization Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space System Corporation, Space Station Test Building, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Tomomi Suzuki
- Kibo Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Higashibata
- Kibo Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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20
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Frolov A, Didio A, Ihling C, Chantzeva V, Grishina T, Hoehenwarter W, Sinz A, Smolikova G, Bilova T, Medvedev S. The effect of simulated microgravity on the Brassica napus seedling proteome. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:440-452. [PMID: 32290983 DOI: 10.1071/fp16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and the direction of the gravitational field represent an important environmental factor affecting plant development. In this context, the absence or frequent alterations of the gravity field (i.e. microgravity conditions) might compromise extraterrestrial agriculture and hence space inhabitation by humans. To overcome the deleterious effects of microgravity, a complete understanding of the underlying changes on the macromolecular level is necessary. However, although microgravity-related changes in gene expression are well characterised on the transcriptome level, proteomic data are limited. Moreover, information about the microgravity-induced changes in the seedling proteome during seed germination and the first steps of seedling development is completely missing. One of the valuable tools to assess gravity-related issues is 3D clinorotation (i.e. rotation in two axes). Therefore, here we address the effects of microgravity, simulated by a two-axial clinostat, on the proteome of 24- and 48-h-old seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The liquid chromatography-MS-based proteomic analysis and database search revealed 95 up- and 38 downregulated proteins in the tryptic digests obtained from the seedlings subjected to simulated microgravity, with 42 and 52 annotations detected as being unique for 24- and 48-h treatment times, respectively. The polypeptides involved in protein metabolism, transport and signalling were annotated as the functional groups most strongly affected by 3-D clinorotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Didio
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Veronika Chantzeva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics Research Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Onoiko EB, Podorvanov VV, Sytnik SK, Sivash AA. The effect of simulated microgravity on formation of the pigment apparatus in etiolated barley seedlings. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Polinski E, Schueler O, Krause L, Wimmer MA, Hemmersbach R, Goldbach HE. 2-D clinorotation alters the uptake of some nutrients in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 212:54-57. [PMID: 28273516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Future long-term spaceflight missions rely on bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) in order to provide the required resources for crew survival. Higher plants provide an essential part since they supply food and oxygen and recycle carbon dioxide. There are indications that under space conditions plants might be inefficient regarding the uptake, transport and distribution of nutrients, which in turn affects growth and metabolism. Therefore, Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) seeds were germinated and grown for five days under fast clinorotation (2-D clinostat, 60rpm) in order to simulate microgravity. Concentrations of ten different nutrients (potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, and boron) in shoots of plants grown under reduced and normal (1g) gravity conditions were compared. A protocol was developed for the determination of different nutrients by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES), flame emission spectrometry and spectrophotometry. The concentrations of boron and sulfur were significantly decreased in clinorotated shoots, while the concentration of sodium was elevated, suggesting that altered gravity conditions differentially affected nutrient uptake. Possible mechanisms for such effects include reduced transpiration, altered expression of channels or transporters and direct effects on nutrient assimilation. The observed nutrient imbalances might have a negative impact on plant growth and nutritional quality during prolonged space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Polinski
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Division of Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany; University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schueler
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Division of Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Krause
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Division of Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika A Wimmer
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Division of Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Heiner E Goldbach
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Kordyum EL, Chapman DK. Plants and microgravity: Patterns of microgravity effects at the cellular and molecular levels. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zabel P, Bamsey M, Schubert D, Tajmar M. Review and analysis of over 40 years of space plant growth systems. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 10:1-16. [PMID: 27662782 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of higher plants occupies an essential role within bio-regenerative life support systems. It contributes to all major functional aspects by closing the different loops in a habitat like food production, CO2 reduction, O2 production, waste recycling and water management. Fresh crops are also expected to have a positive impact on crew psychological health. Plant material was first launched into orbit on unmanned vehicles as early as the 1960s. Since then, more than a dozen different plant cultivation experiments have been flown on crewed vehicles beginning with the launch of Oasis 1, in 1971. Continuous subsystem improvements and increasing knowledge of plant response to the spaceflight environment has led to the design of Veggie and the Advanced Plant Habitat, the latest in the series of plant growth systems. The paper reviews the different designs and technological solutions implemented in higher plant flight experiments. Using these analyses a comprehensive comparison is compiled to illustrate the development trends of controlled environment agriculture technologies in bio-regenerative life support systems, enabling future human long-duration missions into the solar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zabel
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany.
| | - M Bamsey
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany.
| | - D Schubert
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany.
| | - M Tajmar
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Dresden, Germany.
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Vandenbrink JP, Kiss JZ. Space, the final frontier: A critical review of recent experiments performed in microgravity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 243:115-9. [PMID: 26795156 PMCID: PMC5739877 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Space biology provides an opportunity to study plant physiology and development in a unique microgravity environment. Recent space studies with plants have provided interesting insights into plant biology, including discovering that plants can grow seed-to-seed in microgravity, as well as identifying novel responses to light. However, spaceflight experiments are not without their challenges, including limited space, limited access, and stressors such as lack of convection and cosmic radiation. Therefore, it is important to design experiments in a way to maximize the scientific return from research conducted on orbiting platforms such as the International Space Station. Here, we provide a critical review of recent spaceflight experiments and suggest ways in which future experiments can be designed to improve the value and applicability of the results generated. These potential improvements include: utilizing in-flight controls to delineate microgravity versus other spaceflight effects, increasing scientific return via next-generation sequencing technologies, and utilizing multiple genotypes to ensure results are not unique to one genetic background. Space experiments have given us new insights into plant biology. However, to move forward, special care should be given to maximize science return in understanding both microgravity itself as well as the combinatorial effects of living in space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Z Kiss
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Rea G, Cristofaro F, Pani G, Pascucci B, Ghuge SA, Corsetto PA, Imbriani M, Visai L, Rizzo AM. Microgravity-driven remodeling of the proteome reveals insights into molecular mechanisms and signal networks involved in response to the space flight environment. J Proteomics 2015; 137:3-18. [PMID: 26571091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Space is a hostile environment characterized by high vacuum, extreme temperatures, meteoroids, space debris, ionospheric plasma, microgravity and space radiation, which all represent risks for human health. A deep understanding of the biological consequences of exposure to the space environment is required to design efficient countermeasures to minimize their negative impact on human health. Recently, proteomic approaches have received a significant amount of attention in the effort to further study microgravity-induced physiological changes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of microgravity on microorganisms (in particular Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, Bacillus cereus and Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H), plants (whole plants, organs, and cell cultures), mammalian cells (endothelial cells, bone cells, chondrocytes, muscle cells, thyroid cancer cells, immune system cells) and animals (invertebrates, vertebrates and mammals). Herein, we describe their proteome's response to microgravity, focusing on proteomic discoveries and their future potential applications in space research. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Space experiments and operational flight experience have identified detrimental effects on human health and performance because of exposure to weightlessness, even when currently available countermeasures are implemented. Many experimental tools and methods have been developed to study microgravity induced physiological changes. Recently, genomic and proteomic approaches have received a significant amount of attention. This review summarizes the recent research studies of the proteome response to microgravity inmicroorganisms, plants, mammalians cells and animals. Current proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of all proteomes. Understanding gene and/or protein expression is the key to unlocking the mechanisms behind microgravity-induced problems and to finding effective countermeasures to spaceflight-induced alterations but also for the study of diseases on earth. Future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristofaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandip A Ghuge
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Antonia Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensics, University of Pavia, V.le Forlanini 8, Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Angela M Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
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Brykov V, Kordyum E. Clinorotation impacts root apex respiration and the ultrostructure of mitochondria. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:475-83. [PMID: 25523479 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration in plants provides energy for biosynthesis, and its balance with photosynthesis determines the rate of plant biomass accumulation. However, there are very limited data on the influence of altered gravity on the functional status of plant mitochondria. In the given paper, we presented the results of our investigations of root respiration, the mitochondrion ultrastructure, and AOX expression of pea 1-, 3- and 5-day old seedlings grown under slow horizontal clinorotation by using an inhibitor analysis, electron microscopy, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. It was in the first time shown that enhancement of the respiration rate in root apices of pea etiolated seedlings at the 5th day of clinorotation does not connected with increasing of both alternative oxidize capacity and AOX expression. We assumed this phenomenon is provided by more intensive oxidation of respiratory substrates. At the structural level, mitochondria in cells of the distal elongation zone were the most sensitive to clinorotation that confirms the special physiological status of this zone. The performed investigation revealed an enough resistance of plant mitochondria to the influence of altered gravity that, on our opinion, is one of components providing plant adaptation to microgravity in space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Brykov
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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28
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Rioux D, Lagacé M, Cohen LY, Beaulieu J. Variation in stem morphology and movement of amyloplasts in white spruce grown in the weightless environment of the International Space Station. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2015; 4:67-78. [PMID: 26177622 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One-year-old white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings were studied in microgravity conditions in the International Space Station (ISS) and compared with seedlings grown on Earth. Leaf growth was clearly stimulated in space whereas data suggest a similar trend for the shoots. Needles on the current shoots of ground-based seedlings were more inclined towards the stem base than those of seedlings grown in the ISS. Amyloplasts sedimented in specialized cells of shoots and roots in seedlings grown on Earth while they were distributed at random in similar cells of seedlings tested in the ISS. In shoots, such amyloplasts were found in starch sheath cells located between leaf traces and cortical cells whereas in roots they were constituents of columella cells of the cap. Nuclei were regularly observed just above the sedimented amyloplasts in both organs. It was also frequent to detect vacuoles with phenolic compounds and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) close to the sedimented amyloplasts. The ER was mainly observed just under these amyloplasts. Thus, when amyloplasts sediment, the pressure exerted on the ER, the organelle that can for instance secrete proteins destined for the plasma membrane, might influence their functioning and play a role in signaling pathways involved in gravity-sensing white spruce cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rioux
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Marie Lagacé
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Luchino Y Cohen
- Canadian Space Agency, 6767, route de l'Aéroport, St-Hubert, QC, J3Y 8Y9, Canada
| | - Jean Beaulieu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
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Abstract
Before there was access to space, all experiments on plant tropisms were conducted upon the background of gravity. The gravity vector could be disrupted, such as with clinorotation and random positioning machines, and by manipulating incident angles of root growth with respect to gravity, such as with Darwin's plants on slanted plates, but gravity could not be removed from the experimental equation. Access to microgravity through spaceflight has opened new doors to plant research. Here we provide an overview of some of the methodologies of conducting plant research in the unique spaceflight environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,
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De Vos WH, Beghuin D, Schwarz CJ, Jones DB, van Loon JJWA, Bereiter-Hahn J, Stelzer EHK. Invited review article: Advanced light microscopy for biological space research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:101101. [PMID: 25362364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As commercial space flights have become feasible and long-term extraterrestrial missions are planned, it is imperative that the impact of space travel and the space environment on human physiology be thoroughly characterized. Scrutinizing the effects of potentially detrimental factors such as ionizing radiation and microgravity at the cellular and tissue level demands adequate visualization technology. Advanced light microscopy (ALM) is the leading tool for non-destructive structural and functional investigation of static as well as dynamic biological systems. In recent years, technological developments and advances in photochemistry and genetic engineering have boosted all aspects of resolution, readout and throughput, rendering ALM ideally suited for biological space research. While various microscopy-based studies have addressed cellular response to space-related environmental stressors, biological endpoints have typically been determined only after the mission, leaving an experimental gap that is prone to bias results. An on-board, real-time microscopical monitoring device can bridge this gap. Breadboards and even fully operational microscope setups have been conceived, but they need to be rendered more compact and versatile. Most importantly, they must allow addressing the impact of gravity, or the lack thereof, on physiologically relevant biological systems in space and in ground-based simulations. In order to delineate the essential functionalities for such a system, we have reviewed the pending questions in space science, the relevant biological model systems, and the state-of-the art in ALM. Based on a rigorous trade-off, in which we recognize the relevance of multi-cellular systems and the cellular microenvironment, we propose a compact, but flexible concept for space-related cell biological research that is based on light sheet microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - David B Jones
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jack J W A van Loon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center and Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Physical Biology, BMLS (FB15, IZN), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Link BM, Busse JS, Stankovic B. Seed-to-seed-to-seed growth and development of Arabidopsis in microgravity. ASTROBIOLOGY 2014; 14:866-875. [PMID: 25317938 PMCID: PMC4201294 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2014.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana was grown from seed to seed wholly in microgravity on the International Space Station. Arabidopsis plants were germinated, grown, and maintained inside a growth chamber prior to returning to Earth. Some of these seeds were used in a subsequent experiment to successfully produce a second (back-to-back) generation of microgravity-grown Arabidopsis. In general, plant growth and development in microgravity proceeded similarly to those of the ground controls, which were grown in an identical chamber. Morphologically, the most striking feature of space-grown Arabidopsis was that the secondary inflorescence branches and siliques formed nearly perpendicular angles to the inflorescence stems. The branches grew out perpendicularly to the main inflorescence stem, indicating that gravity was the key determinant of branch and silique angle and that light had either no role or a secondary role in Arabidopsis branch and silique orientation. Seed protein bodies were 55% smaller in space seed than in controls, but protein assays showed only a 9% reduction in seed protein content. Germination rates for space-produced seed were 92%, indicating that the seeds developed in microgravity were healthy and viable. Gravity is not necessary for seed-to-seed growth of plants, though it plays a direct role in plant form and may influence seed reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Link
- Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. (Contributions for this work were made prior to affiliation with Syngenta.)
| | - James S. Busse
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bratislav Stankovic
- University of Information Science and Technology “St. Paul the Apostle,” Ohrid, Macedonia
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32
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Guo Y, Li Y, Su L, Chang D, Liu W, Wang T, Yuan Y, Fang X, Wang J, Li T, Fang C, Dai W, Liu C. Comparative genomic analysis of Klebsiella pneumonia (LCT-KP214) and a mutant strain (LCT-KP289) obtained after spaceflight. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:589. [PMID: 25015528 PMCID: PMC4226956 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of space science, it is important to analyze the relationship between the space environment and genome variations that might cause phenotypic changes in microbes. Klebsiella pneumoniae is commonly found on the human body and is resistant to multiple drugs. To study space-environment-induced genome variations and drug resistance changes, K. pneumoniae was carried into outer space by the Shenzhou VIII spacecraft. Results The K. pneumoniae strain LCT-KP289 was selected after spaceflight based on its phenotypic differences compared to the ground-control strain. Analysis of genomic structural variations revealed one inversion, 25 deletions, fifty-nine insertions, two translocations and six translocations with inversions. In addition, 155 and 400 unique genes were observed in LCT-KP214 and LCT-KP289, respectively, including the gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase, which generates the ATP and NADH required for microbial growth. Furthermore, a large number of mutant genes were related to transport and metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most genes in these two strains had a dN/dS value greater than 1, indicating that the strain diversity increased after spaceflight. Analysis of drug-resistance phenotypes revealed that the K. pneumoniae strain LCT-KP289 was resistant to sulfamethoxazole, whereas the control strain, LCT-KP214, was not; both strains were resistant to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, lincomycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. The sulfamethoxazole resistance may be associated with sequences in Scaffold7 in LCT-KP289, which were not observed in LCT-K214; this scaffold contained the gene sul1. In the strain LCT-KP289, we also observed a drug-resistance integron containing emrE (confers multidrug resistance) and ant (confers resistance to spectinomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, kanamycin, sisomicin, dibekacin, and gentamicin). The gene ampC (confers resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin-ii and cephalosporin-i) was present near the integron. In addition, 30 and 26 drug-resistance genes were observed in LCT-KP289 and LCT-KP214, respectively. Conclusions Comparison of a K. pneumoniae strain obtained after spaceflight with the ground-control strain revealed genome variations and phenotypic changes and elucidated the genomic basis of the acquired drug resistance. These data pave the way for future studies on the effects of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenkui Dai
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Janssen PJD, Lambreva MD, Plumeré N, Bartolucci C, Antonacci A, Buonasera K, Frese RN, Scognamiglio V, Rea G. Photosynthesis at the forefront of a sustainable life. Front Chem 2014; 2:36. [PMID: 24971306 PMCID: PMC4054791 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a sustainable bio-based economy has drawn much attention in recent years, and research to find smart solutions to the many inherent challenges has intensified. In nature, perhaps the best example of an authentic sustainable system is oxygenic photosynthesis. The biochemistry of this intricate process is empowered by solar radiation influx and performed by hierarchically organized complexes composed by photoreceptors, inorganic catalysts, and enzymes which define specific niches for optimizing light-to-energy conversion. The success of this process relies on its capability to exploit the almost inexhaustible reservoirs of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to transform photonic energy into chemical energy such as stored in adenosine triphosphate. Oxygenic photosynthesis is responsible for most of the oxygen, fossil fuels, and biomass on our planet. So, even after a few billion years of evolution, this process unceasingly supports life on earth, and probably soon also in outer-space, and inspires the development of enabling technologies for a sustainable global economy and ecosystem. The following review covers some of the major milestones reached in photosynthesis research, each reflecting lasting routes of innovation in agriculture, environmental protection, and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. D. Janssen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology - Unit of Microbiology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CENMol, Belgium
| | - Maya D. Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Plumeré
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences-CES, Ruhr-Universität BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Cecilia Bartolucci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Katia Buonasera
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Raoul N. Frese
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
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Foster JS, Wheeler RM, Pamphile R. Host-microbe interactions in microgravity: assessment and implications. Life (Basel) 2014; 4:250-66. [PMID: 25370197 PMCID: PMC4187166 DOI: 10.3390/life4020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight imposes several unique stresses on biological life that together can have a profound impact on the homeostasis between eukaryotes and their associated microbes. One such stressor, microgravity, has been shown to alter host-microbe interactions at the genetic and physiological levels. Recent sequencing of the microbiomes associated with plants and animals have shown that these interactions are essential for maintaining host health through the regulation of several metabolic and immune responses. Disruptions to various environmental parameters or community characteristics may impact the resiliency of the microbiome, thus potentially driving host-microbe associations towards disease. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of host-microbe interactions in microgravity and assess the impact of this unique environmental stress on the normal physiological and genetic responses of both pathogenic and mutualistic associations. As humans move beyond our biosphere and undergo longer duration space flights, it will be essential to more fully understand microbial fitness in microgravity conditions in order to maintain a healthy homeostasis between humans, plants and their respective microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Foster
- Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, 505 Odyssey Way, Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA.
| | | | - Regine Pamphile
- Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, 505 Odyssey Way, Merritt Island, FL 32953, USA.
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Mazars C, Brière C, Grat S, Pichereaux C, Rossignol M, Pereda-Loth V, Eche B, Boucheron-Dubuisson E, Le Disquet I, Medina FJ, Graziana A, Carnero-Diaz E. Microgravity induces changes in microsome-associated proteins of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on board the international space station. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91814. [PMID: 24618597 PMCID: PMC3950288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The "GENARA A" experiment was designed to monitor global changes in the proteome of membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings subjected to microgravity on board the International Space Station (ISS). For this purpose, 12-day-old seedlings were grown either in space, in the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) under microgravity or on a 1 g centrifuge, or on the ground. Proteins associated to membranes were selectively extracted from microsomes and identified and quantified through LC-MS-MS using a label-free method. Among the 1484 proteins identified and quantified in the 3 conditions mentioned above, 80 membrane-associated proteins were significantly more abundant in seedlings grown under microgravity in space than under 1 g (space and ground) and 69 were less abundant. Clustering of these proteins according to their predicted function indicates that proteins associated to auxin metabolism and trafficking were depleted in the microsomal fraction in µg space conditions, whereas proteins associated to stress responses, defence and metabolism were more abundant in µg than in 1 g indicating that microgravity is perceived by plants as a stressful environment. These results clearly indicate that a global membrane proteomics approach gives a snapshot of the cell status and its signaling activity in response to microgravity and highlight the major processes affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Brière
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sabine Grat
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3450 Agrobiosciences Interactions et Biodiversités Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS CNRS, Fédération de Recherche 3450 Agrobiosciences Interactions et Biodiversités Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Le Disquet
- UR5-PCMP-EAC 7180 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Graziana
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eugénie Carnero-Diaz
- UR5-PCMP-EAC 7180 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Miyamoto K, Yamasaki T, Uheda E, Ueda J. Analysis of apical hook formation in Alaska pea with a 3-D clinostat and agravitropic mutant ageotropum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:137. [PMID: 24782877 PMCID: PMC3986542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the apical hook in dicotyledonous seedlings is believed to be effected by gravity in the dark. However, this notion is mostly based on experiments with the hook formed on the hypocotyl, and no detailed studies are available with the developmental manners of the hook, particularly of the epicotyl hook. The present study aims at clarifying the dynamics of hook formation including the possible involvement of gravity. Time-course studies with normal Alaska pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska) and an agravitropic pea mutant, ageotropum, under the 1-g conditions and on a 3-D clinostat revealed that (1) the apical hook of the epicotyl forms by the development of the arc-shaped plumule of the embryo existing in the non-germinated seed. The process of formation consists of two stages: development and partial opening, which are controlled by some intrinsic property of the plumule, but not gravity. Approximately when the epicotyl emerges from the seed coat, the hook is established in both pea varieties. In Alaska the established hook is sustained or enhanced by gravity, resulting in a delay of hook opening compared with on a clinostat, which might give an incorrect idea that gravity causes hook formation. (2) During the hook development and opening processes the original plumular arc holds its orientation unchanged to be an established hook, which, therefore, is at the same side of the epicotyl axis as the cotyledons. This is true for both Alaska and ageotropum under 1-g conditions as well as on the clinostat, supporting finding (1). (3) Application of auxin polar transport inhibitors, hydroxyfluorenecarboxylic acid, naphthylphthalamic acid, and triiodobenzoic acid, suppressed the curvature of hook by equal extents in Alaska as well as ageotropum, suggesting that the hook development involves auxin polar transport probably asymmetrically distributed across the plumular axis by some intrinsic property of the plumule not directly related with gravity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakai, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kensuke Miyamoto, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan e-mail:
| | | | - Eiji Uheda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakai, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Tatsumi H, Toyota M, Furuichi T, Sokabe M. Calcium mobilizations in response to changes in the gravity vector in Arabidopsis seedlings: possible cellular mechanisms. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29099. [PMID: 25763612 PMCID: PMC4203510 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gravity influences the growth direction of higher plants. Changes in the gravity vector (gravistimulation) immediately promote the increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. When the seedlings are gravistimulated by reorientation at 180°, a transient two peaked (biphasic) [Ca(2+)]c-increase arises in their hypocotyl and petioles. Parabolic flights (PFs) can generate a variety of gravity-stimuli, and enables us to measure gravity-induced [Ca(2+)]c-increases without specimen rotation, which demonstrate that Arabidopsis seedlings possess a rapid gravity-sensing mechanism linearly transducing a wide range of gravitational changes into Ca(2+) signals on a sub-second timescale. Hypergravity by centrifugation (20 g or 300 g) also induces similar transient [Ca(2+)]c-increases. In this review, we propose models for possible cellular processes of the garavi-stimulus-induced [Ca(2+)]c-increase, and evaluate those by examining whether the model fits well with the kinetic parameters derived from the [Ca(2+)]c-increases obtained by applying gravistimulus with different amplitudes and time sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tatsumi
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Botany; University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI USA
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuichi
- Department of Health and Nutrition; Gifu Women’s University; Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Ruyters G, Braun M. Plant biology in space: recent accomplishments and recommendations for future research. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16 Suppl 1:4-11. [PMID: 24373009 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Gravity has shaped the evolution of life since its origin. However, experiments in the absence of this overriding force, necessary to precisely analyse its role, e.g. for growth, development, and orientation of plants and single cells, only became possible with the advent of spaceflight. Consequently, this research has been supported especially by space agencies around the world for decades, mainly for two reasons: first, to enable fundamental research on gravity perception and transduction during growth and development of plants; and second, to successfully grow plants under microgravity conditions with the goal of establishing a bioregenerative life support system providing oxygen and food for astronauts in long-term exploratory missions. For the second time, the International Space Life Sciences Working Group (ISLSWG), comprised of space agencies with substantial life sciences programmes in the world, organised a workshop on plant biology research in space. The present contribution summarises the outcome of this workshop. In the first part, an analysis is undertaken, if and how the recommendations of the first workshop held in Bad Honnef, Germany, in 1996 have been implemented. A chapter summarising major scientific breakthroughs obtained in the last 15 years from plant research in space concludes this first part. In the second part, recommendations for future research in plant biology in space are put together that have been elaborated in the various discussion sessions during the workshop, as well as provided in written statements from the session chairs. The present paper clearly shows that plant biology in space has contributed significantly to progress in plant gravity perception, transduction and responses - processes also relevant for general plant biology, including agricultural aspects. In addition, the interplay between light and gravity effects has increasingly received attention. It also became evident that plants will play a major role as components of bioregenerative life support and energy systems that are necessary to complement physico-chemical systems in upcoming long-term exploratory missions. In order to achieve major progress in the future, however, standardised experimental conditions and more advanced analytical tools, such as state-of-the-art onboard analysis, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruyters
- German Space Administration (DLR), Bonn, Germany
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39
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Mazars C, Brière C, Grat S, Pichereaux C, Rossignol M, Pereda-Loth V, Eche B, Boucheron-Dubuisson E, Le Disquet I, Medina FJ, Graziana A, Carnero-Diaz E. Microsome-associated proteome modifications of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on board the International Space Station reveal the possible effect on plants of space stresses other than microgravity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29637. [PMID: 25763699 PMCID: PMC4205128 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing plants in space for using them in bioregenerative life support systems during long-term human spaceflights needs improvement of our knowledge in how plants can adapt to space growth conditions. In a previous study performed on board the International Space Station (GENARA A experiment STS-132) we evaluate the global changes that microgravity can exert on the membrane proteome of Arabidopsis seedlings. Here we report additional data from this space experiment, taking advantage of the availability in the EMCS of a centrifuge to evaluate the effects of cues other than microgravity on the relative distribution of membrane proteins. Among the 1484 membrane proteins quantified, 227 proteins displayed no abundance differences between µ g and 1 g in space, while their abundances significantly differed between 1 g in space and 1 g on ground. A majority of these proteins (176) were over-represented in space samples and mainly belong to families corresponding to protein synthesis, degradation, transport, lipid metabolism, or ribosomal proteins. In the remaining set of 51 proteins that were under-represented in membranes, aquaporins and chloroplastic proteins are majority. These sets of proteins clearly appear as indicators of plant physiological processes affected in space by stressful factors others than microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mazars
- Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR5546 Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales; Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Correspondence to: Christian Mazars,
| | - Christian Brière
- Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR5546 Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sabine Grat
- Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR5546 Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche 3450 Agrobiosciences Interactions et Biodiversités Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Fédération de Recherche 3450 Agrobiosciences Interactions et Biodiversités Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS CNRS; Toulouse France
| | | | | | - Elodie Boucheron-Dubuisson
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité; UMR 7205 ISYEB; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-CNRS-MNHN-EPHE; Paris, France
| | - Isabel Le Disquet
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité; UMR 7205 ISYEB; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-CNRS-MNHN-EPHE; Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Graziana
- Université de Toulouse UPS; CNRS UMR5546 Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales; Castanet-Tolosan, France
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40
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Paul AL, Zupanska AK, Schultz ER, Ferl RJ. Organ-specific remodeling of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in response to spaceflight. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:112. [PMID: 23919896 PMCID: PMC3750915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflight presents a novel environment that is outside the evolutionary experience of terrestrial organisms. Full activation of the International Space Station as a science platform complete with sophisticated plant growth chambers, laboratory benches, and procedures for effective sample return, has enabled a new level of research capability and hypothesis testing in this unique environment. The opportunity to examine the strategies of environmental sensing in spaceflight, which includes the absence of unit gravity, provides a unique insight into the balance of influence among abiotic cues directing plant growth and development: including gravity, light, and touch. The data presented here correlate morphological and transcriptome data from replicated spaceflight experiments. RESULTS The transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated organ-specific changes in response to spaceflight, with 480 genes showing significant changes in expression in spaceflight plants compared with ground controls by at least 1.9-fold, and 58 by more than 7-fold. Leaves, hypocotyls, and roots each displayed unique patterns of response, yet many gene functions within the responses are related. Particularly represented across the dataset were genes associated with cell architecture and growth hormone signaling; processes that would not be anticipated to be altered in microgravity yet may correlate with morphological changes observed in spaceflight plants. As examples, differential expression of genes involved with touch, cell wall remodeling, root hairs, and cell expansion may correlate with spaceflight-associated root skewing, while differential expression of auxin-related and other gravity-signaling genes seemingly correlates with the microgravity of spaceflight. Although functionally related genes were differentially represented in leaves, hypocotyls, and roots, the expression of individual genes varied substantially across organ types, indicating that there is no single response to spaceflight. Rather, each organ employed its own response tactics within a shared strategy, largely involving cell wall architecture. CONCLUSIONS Spaceflight appears to initiate cellular remodeling throughout the plant, yet specific strategies of the response are distinct among specific organs of the plant. Further, these data illustrate that in the absence of gravity plants rely on other environmental cues to initiate the morphological responses essential to successful growth and development, and that the basis for that engagement lies in the differential expression of genes in an organ-specific manner that maximizes the utilization of these signals--such as the up-regulation of genes associated with light-sensing in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Agata K Zupanska
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Eric R Schultz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert J Ferl
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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41
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Wyatt SE, Kiss JZ. Plant tropisms: from Darwin to the International Space Station. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:1-3. [PMID: 23281390 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant tropisms play a fundamental role in shaping the growth form of plants, and these fascinating movements are the focus of this thematic issue of the American Journal of Botany. The issue includes 16 reviews of the current literature and eight original manuscripts written by a diverse group of international experts in their respective fields. This special issue emphasizes tropistic responses to three fundamental stimuli governing plant growth: water, light, and gravity. We hope this issue will inform the current generation and inspire the next generation of plant biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wyatt
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
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