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Majure LC, Murphy TH, Köhler M, Puente R, Hodgson WC. Evolution of the Xerocarpa clade ( Opuntia; Opuntieae): Evidence for the Role of the Grand Canyon in the Biogeographic History of the Iconic Beavertail Cactus and Relatives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2677. [PMID: 37514291 PMCID: PMC10385227 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the western North American drylands has led to the evolution of an astounding diversity of species well adapted for such communities. Complex historical patterns often underlie the modern distribution of the flora and fauna of these areas. We investigated the biogeography of a group of desert-adapted prickly pears, known as the Xerocarpa clade, from western North America. The Xerocarpa clade originated in the mid-late Pliocene, likely on the Colorado Plateau, and then moved south into the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts, and California montane regions, further diversifying, mostly into the Quaternary. The southward trajectory of the clade was likely greatly influenced by the formation of the Grand Canyon. The synapomorphy of dry fruit presumably impeded the long-distance dispersibility of the beavertail cactus, Opuntia basilaris, while dry, spiny fruit may have enabled O. polyacantha to substantially increase its distribution. Opuntia basilaris evolved a pubescent epidermis, allowing it to invade hotter, drier conditions, while the spine-clothed stems of O. polyacantha may have given it an advantage for increasing its northern range into colder environments. The Xerocarpa clade shows a cold desert origin, and changes in morphological characters have made these sister taxa well adapted for invading broadscale, but oftentimes contrasting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Majure
- University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS), Florida Museum, Department of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Research and Conservation, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Thomas H Murphy
- University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS), Florida Museum, Department of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matias Köhler
- Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul Puente
- Department of Research and Conservation, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Wendy C Hodgson
- Department of Research and Conservation, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
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Jauregui-Lazo J, Brinda JC, Mishler BD. The phylogeny of Syntrichia: An ecologically diverse clade of mosses with an origin in South America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16103. [PMID: 36576338 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE To address the biodiversity crisis, we need to understand the evolution of all organisms and how they fill geographic and ecological space. Syntrichia is one of the most diverse and dominant genera of mosses, ranging from alpine habitats to desert biocrusts, yet its evolutionary history remains unclear. METHODS We present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Syntrichia, based on both molecular and morphological data, with most of the named species and closest outgroups represented. In addition, we provide ancestral-state reconstructions of water-related traits and a global biogeographic analysis. RESULTS We found 10 major well-resolved subclades of Syntrichia that possess geographical or morphological coherence, in some cases representing previously accepted genera. We infer that the extant species diversity of Syntrichia likely originated in South America in the early Eocene (56.5-43.8 million years ago [Mya]), subsequently expanded its distribution to the neotropics, and finally dispersed to the northern hemisphere. There, the clade experienced a recent diversification (15-12 Mya) into a broad set of ecological niches (e.g., the S. caninervis and S. ruralis complexes). The transition from terricolous to either saxicolous or epiphytic habitats occurred more than once and was associated with changes in water-related traits. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary history of Syntrichia through the combination of morphological and molecular characters, revealing that migration events that shaped the current distribution of the clade have implications for morphological character evolution in relation to niche diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jauregui-Lazo
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
| | - John C Brinda
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brent D Mishler
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
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Heads M, Grehan JR. The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1160-1185. [PMID: 33749122 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the region. However, recent work has shown that the Galápagos hotspot is 139 million years old (Early Cretaceous), and so groups are likely to have survived at the hotspot by dispersal of populations onto new islands from older ones. This process of metapopulation dynamics means that species can persist indefinitely in an oceanic region, as long as new islands are being produced. Metapopulations can also undergo vicariance into two metapopulations, for example at active island arcs that are rifted by transform faults. We reviewed the geographic relationships of Galápagos groups and found 10 biogeographic patterns that are shared by at least two groups. Each of the patterns coincides spatially with a major tectonic structure; these structures include: the East Pacific Rise; west Pacific and American subduction zones; large igneous plateaus in the Pacific; Alisitos terrane (Baja California), Guerrero terrane (western Mexico); rifting of North and South America; formation of the Caribbean Plateau by the Galápagos hotspot, and its eastward movement; accretion of Galápagos hotspot tracks; Andean uplift; and displacement on the Romeral fault system. All these geological features were active in the Cretaceous, suggesting that geological change at that time caused vicariance in widespread ancestors. The present distributions are explicable if ancestors survived as metapopulations occupying both the Galápagos hotspot and other regions before differentiating, more or less in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY, 14211-1293, U.S.A
| | - John R Grehan
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
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Hetherington-Rauth MC, Johnson MTJ. Floral Trait Evolution of Angiosperms on Pacific Islands. Am Nat 2020; 196:87-100. [DOI: 10.1086/709018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Johnson LA, Porter JM. Fates of angiosperm species following long-distance dispersal: Examples from American amphitropical Polemoniaceae. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:1729-1744. [PMID: 29158342 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Following establishment after long-distance dispersal, species may experience stasis, accumulate changes leading to new species identity, diversify into multiple species, interact with related species to form novel species, and even become extirpated. We examined each species of temperate Polemoniaceae in South America via the literature and new analyses to better understand the fates of species in this family after their dispersal from North America. METHODS We reviewed literature for the 15 species of Polemoniaceae in South America amphitropically disjunct from their relatives in North America. We conducted DNA sequence analyses to infer relationships, timing of dispersal, and processes involved since dispersal in Microsteris gracilis, three Gilia, two Giliastrum, and three Collomia. Analyses included construction of haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. KEY RESULTS For all species examined in detail, origins in South America are compatible with dispersal via epizoochory from ca. 0.092-19.46 million years ago. Most species in South America are unique relative to their North American congeners, yet few have radiated into two or more species. Relative stasis, divergence, and hybridization with, and without, allopolyploid formation have occurred postdispersal in Polemoniaceae, as well as extirpation following at least brief establishment. CONCLUSIONS Polemoniaceae that have established in South America share many features likely inherited from their North American progenitors, but some traits may have arisen in situ in specific taxa, such as cleistogamy, self-incompatibility, and the annual habit, evidencing the rich nature of diversification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Johnson
- Department of Biology & S.L. Welsh Herbarium, 4102 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA
| | - J Mark Porter
- Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 USA
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Schneider AC, Moore AJ. Parallel Pleistocene amphitropical disjunctions of a parasitic plant and its host. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:1745-1755. [PMID: 29170246 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Aphyllon is a clade of holoparasites that includes closely related North American and South American species parasitic on Grindelia. Both Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae) and Grindelia (Asteraceae) have amphitropical disjunctions between North America and South America; however, the timing of these patterns and the processes to explain them are unknown. METHODS Chronograms for the Orobanchaceae and Grindelia and their relatives were constructed using fossil and secondary calibration points, one of which was based on the inferred timing of horizontal gene transfer from a papilionoid legume into the common ancestor of Orobanche and Phelipanche. Elevated rates of molecular evolution in the Orobanchaceae have hindered efforts to determine reliable divergence time estimates in the absence of a fossil record. However, using a horizontal gene transfer event as a secondary calibration overcomes this limitation. These chronograms were used to reconstruct the biogeography of Aphyllon, Grindelia, and relatives using a DEC+J model implemented in RevBayes. KEY RESULTS Aphyllon had two amphitropical dispersals from North America to South America, while Grindelia had a single dispersal. The dispersal of the Aphyllon lineage that is parasitic on Grindelia (0.40 Ma) took place somewhat after Grindelia began to diversify in South America (0.93 Ma). Using a secondary calibration based on horizontal gene transfer, we infer more recent divergence dates of holoparasitic Orobancheae than previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Parallel host-parasite amphitropical disjunctions in Grindelia and Aphyllon illustrate one means by which ecological specialization may result in nonindependent patterns of diversity in distantly related lineages. Although Grindelia and Aphyllon both dispersed to South America recently, Grindelia appears to have diversified more extensively following colonization. More broadly, recent Pleistocene glaciations probably have also contributed to patterns of diversity and biogeography of temperate northern hemisphere Orobancheae. We also demonstrate the utility of using horizontal gene transfer events from well-dated clades to calibrate parasite phylogenies in the absence of a fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Schneider
- Department of Integrative Biology and Jepson Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley 94720 USA
| | - Abigail J Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 USA
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Guilliams CM, Hasenstab-Lehman KE, Mabry ME, Simpson MG. Memoirs of a frequent flier: Phylogenomics reveals 18 long-distance dispersals between North America and South America in the popcorn flowers (Amsinckiinae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:1717-1728. [PMID: 29170248 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY American amphitropical disjunction (AAD) is an important but understudied New World biogeographic pattern in which related plants occur in extratropical North America and South America, but are absent in the intervening tropics. Subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae) is one of the richest groups of plants displaying the AAD pattern. Here, we infer a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the group to evaluate the number, timing, and directionality of AAD events, which yields generalizable insights into the mechanism of AAD. METHODS We perform a phylogenomic analysis of 139 samples of subtribe Amsinckiinae and infer divergence times using two calibration schemes: with only fossil calibrations and with fossils plus a secondary calibration from a recent family level analysis. Biogeographic analysis was performed in the R package BioGeoBEARS. KEY RESULTS We document 18 examples of AAD in the Amsinckiinae. Inferred divergence times of these AAD examples were strongly asynchronous, ranging from Miocene (17.1 million years ago [Ma]) to Pleistocene (0.33 Ma), with most (12) occurring <5 Ma. Four events occurred 10-5 Ma, during the second rise of the Andes. All AAD examples had a North America to South America directionality. CONCLUSIONS Second only to the hyperdiverse Poaceae in number of documented AAD examples, the Amsinckiinae is an ideal system for the study of AAD. Asynchronous divergence times support the hypothesis of long-distance dispersal by birds as the mechanism of AAD in the subtribe and more generally. Further comparative phylogenomic studies may permit biogeographic hypothesis testing and examination of the relationship between AAD and fruit morphology, reproductive biology, and ploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matt Guilliams
- Department of Conservation and Research, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, California 93105 USA
| | - Kristen E Hasenstab-Lehman
- Department of Conservation and Research, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, California 93105 USA
| | - Makenzie E Mabry
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Michael G Simpson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92128 USA
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Knapp S, Sagona E, Carbonell AK, Chiarini F. A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2017; 84:1-104. [PMID: 29033654 PMCID: PMC5624188 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade) contains five species of small, often rhizomatous, shrubs from deserts and dry forests in North and South America. Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Leprophora, Nycterium and Lathyrocarpum, and were not thought to be closely related. The group is sister to the species-rich monophyletic Old World clade of spiny solanums. The species of the group have an amphitropical distribution, with three species in Mexico and the southwestern United States and three species in Argentina. Solanum elaeagnifolium occurs in both North and South America, and is a noxious invasive weed in dry areas worldwide. Members of the group are highly variable morphologically, and this variability has led to much synonymy, particularly in the widespread S. elaeagnifolium. We here review the taxonomic history, morphology, relationships and ecology of these species and provide keys for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy (including designations of lectotypes) and nomenclatural notes. Illustrations, distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Sagona
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Orto Botanico Forestale di Abetone, Associazione Ecomuseo della Montagna Pistoese, Palazzo Achilli, Piazzetta Achilli n. 7 - 51028 Gavinana, Pistoia (PT), Italy
| | - Anna K.Z. Carbonell
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Chiarini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Guzmán B, Heleno R, Nogales M, Simbaña W, Traveset A, Vargas P. Evolutionary history of the endangered shrub snapdragon (Galvezia leucantha) of the Galápagos Islands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Guzmán
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology; Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3000-213 Coímbra Portugal
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología - CSIC; Av. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife Spain
| | - Walter Simbaña
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Universidad Técnica de Ambato; Colombia 02-11 Ambato EC180105 Ecuador
| | - Anna Traveset
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats - CSIC; Carrer de Miquel Marquès; 21, 07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation; Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
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Mayrose I, Zhan SH, Rothfels CJ, Arrigo N, Barker MS, Rieseberg LH, Otto SP. Methods for studying polyploid diversification and the dead end hypothesis: a reply to Soltis et al. (2014). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:27-35. [PMID: 25472785 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itay Mayrose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shing H Zhan
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6J 3S7, Canada
| | - Carl J Rothfels
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6J 3S7, Canada
| | - Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH - 105, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6J 3S7, Canada
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6J 3S7, Canada
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Yi TS, Jin GH, Wen J. Chloroplast capture and intra- and inter-continental biogeographic diversification in the Asian – New World disjunct plant genus Osmorhiza (Apiaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 85:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Soltis DE, Segovia-Salcedo MC, Jordon-Thaden I, Majure L, Miles NM, Mavrodiev EV, Mei W, Cortez MB, Soltis PS, Gitzendanner MA. Are polyploids really evolutionary dead-ends (again)? A critical reappraisal of Mayrose et al. (). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1105-1117. [PMID: 24754325 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - María Claudia Segovia-Salcedo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Grupo de Investigacíon Conservación de Bosques de Polylepis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de la Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Ingrid Jordon-Thaden
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lucas Majure
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicolas M Miles
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Evgeny V Mavrodiev
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Matthew A Gitzendanner
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Gottschling M, Nagelmüller S, Hilger HH. Generative ontogeny inTiquilia(Ehretiaceae: Boraginales) and phylogenetic implications. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gottschling
- Department Biologie; Systematische Botanik und Mykologie; GeoBio-Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Menzinger Str. 67 D-80638 München Germany
| | - Sebastian Nagelmüller
- Department Biologie; Systematische Botanik und Mykologie; GeoBio-Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Menzinger Str. 67 D-80638 München Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Hilger
- Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie; Institut für Biologie; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 D-14195 Berlin Germany
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Potts AJ, Hedderson TA, Grimm GW. Constructing Phylogenies in the Presence Of Intra-Individual Site Polymorphisms (2ISPs) with a Focus on the Nuclear Ribosomal Cistron. Syst Biol 2013; 63:1-16. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. Potts
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7700, South Africa; and 2Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terry A. Hedderson
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7700, South Africa; and 2Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido W. Grimm
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7700, South Africa; and 2Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Majure LC, Puente R, Griffith MP, Judd WS, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Phylogeny of Opuntia s.s. (Cactaceae): clade delineation, geographic origins, and reticulate evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:847-64. [PMID: 22539520 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The opuntias (nopales, prickly pears) are not only culturally, ecologically, economically, and medicinally important, but are renowned for their taxonomic difficulty due to interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, and morphological variability. Evolutionary relationships in these stem succulents have been insufficiently studied; thus, delimitation of Opuntia s.s. and major subclades, as well as the biogeographic history of this enigmatic group, remain unresolved. METHODS We sequenced the plastid intergenic spacers atpB-rbcL, ndhF-rpl32, psbJ-petA, and trnL-trnF, the plastid genes matK and ycf1, the nuclear gene ppc, and ITS to reconstruct the phylogeny of tribe Opuntieae, including Opuntia s.s. We used phylogenetic hypotheses to infer the biogeographic history, divergence times, and potential reticulate evolution of Opuntieae. KEY RESULTS Within Opuntieae, a clade of Tacinga, Opuntia lilae, Brasiliopuntia, and O. schickendantzii is sister to a well-supported Opuntia s.s., which includes Nopalea. Opuntia s.s. originated in southwestern South America (SA) and then expanded to the Central Andean Valleys and the desert region of western North America (NA). Two major clades evolved in NA, which subsequently diversified into eight subclades. These expanded north to Canada and south to Central America and the Caribbean, eventually returning back to SA primarily via allopolyploid taxa. Dating approaches suggest that most of the major subclades in Opuntia s.s. originated during the Pliocene. CONCLUSIONS Opuntia s.s. is a well-supported clade that includes Nopalea. The clade originated in southwestern SA, but the NA radiation was the most extensive, resulting in broad morphological diversity and frequent species formation through reticulate evolution and polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Majure
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Caetano S, Currat M, Pennington RT, Prado D, Excoffier L, Naciri Y. Recent colonization of the Galápagos by the tree Geoffroea spinosa Jacq. (Leguminosae). Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2743-60. [PMID: 22509817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study puts together genetic data and an approximate bayesian computation (ABC) approach to infer the time at which the tree Geoffroea spinosa colonized the Galápagos Islands. The genetic diversity and differentiation between Peru and Galápagos population samples, estimated using three chloroplast spacers and six microsatellite loci, reveal significant differences between two mainland regions separated by the Andes mountains (Inter Andean vs. Pacific Coast) as well as a significant genetic differentiation of island populations. Microsatellites identify two distinct geographical clusters, the Galápagos and the mainland, and chloroplast markers show a private haplotype in the Galápagos. The nuclear distinctiveness of the Inter Andean populations suggests current restricted pollen flow, but chloroplast points to cross-Andean dispersals via seeds, indicating that the Andes might not be an effective biogeographical barrier. The ABC analyses clearly point to the colonization of the Galápagos within the last 160,000 years and possibly as recently as 4750 years ago (475 generations). Founder events associated with colonization of the two islands where the species occurs are detected, with Española having been colonized after Floreana. We discuss two nonmutually exclusive possibilities for the colonization of the Galápagos, recent natural dispersal vs. human introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caetano
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Molecular Phylogeny and Genetics Unit, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, 1 Chemin de l'Impératrice, CP 60, CH-1292 Chambésy, Genève, Switzerland
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NAKAMURA KOH, DENDA TETSUO, KOKUBUGATA GORO, FORSTER PAULI, WILSON GARY, PENG CHINGI, YOKOTA MASATSUGU. Molecular phylogeography reveals an antitropical distribution and local diversification of Solenogyne (Asteraceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Australia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mayrose I, Zhan SH, Rothfels CJ, Magnuson-Ford K, Barker MS, Rieseberg LH, Otto SP. Recently formed polyploid plants diversify at lower rates. Science 2011; 333:1257. [PMID: 21852456 DOI: 10.1126/science.1207205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy, the doubling of genomic content, is a widespread feature, especially among plants, yet its macroevolutionary impacts are contentious. Traditionally, polyploidy has been considered an evolutionary dead end, whereas recent genomic studies suggest that polyploidy has been a key driver of macroevolutionary success. We examined the consequences of polyploidy on the time scale of genera across a diverse set of vascular plants, encompassing hundreds of inferred polyploidization events. Likelihood-based analyses indicate that polyploids generally exhibit lower speciation rates and higher extinction rates than diploids, providing the first quantitative corroboration of the dead-end hypothesis. The increased speciation rates of diploids can, in part, be ascribed to their capacity to speciate via polyploidy. Only particularly fit lineages of polyploids may persist to enjoy longer-term evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Mayrose
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Baldwin BG, Wagner WL. Hawaiian angiosperm radiations of North American origin. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:849-79. [PMID: 20382966 PMCID: PMC2876002 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Putative phytogeographical links between America (especially North America) and the Hawaiian Islands have figured prominently in disagreement and debate about the origin of Pacific floras and the efficacy of long-distance (oversea) plant dispersal, given the obstacles to explaining such major disjunctions by vicariance. SCOPE Review of past efforts, and of progress over the last 20 years, toward understanding relationships of Hawaiian angiosperms allows for a historically informed re-evaluation of the American (New World) contribution to Hawaiian diversity and evolutionary activity of American lineages in an insular setting. CONCLUSIONS Temperate and boreal North America is a much more important source of Hawaiian flora than suggested by most 20th century authorities on Pacific plant life, such as Fosberg and Skottsberg. Early views of evolution as too slow to account for divergence of highly distinctive endemics within the Hawaiian geological time frame evidently impeded biogeographical understanding, as did lack of appreciation for the importance of rare, often biotically mediated dispersal events and ecological opportunity in island ecosystems. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for North American ancestry of Hawaiian plant radiations, such as the silversword alliance, mints, sanicles, violets, schiedeas and spurges, underlines the potential of long-distance dispersal to shape floras, in accordance with hypotheses championed by Carlquist. Characteristics important to colonization of the islands, such as dispersibility by birds and ancestral hybridization or polyploidy, and ecological opportunities associated with 'sky islands' of temperate or boreal climate in the tropical Hawaiian archipelago may have been key to extensive diversification of endemic lineages of North American origin that are among the most species-rich clades of Hawaiian plants. Evident youth of flowering-plant lineages from North America is highly consistent with recent geological evidence for lack of high-elevation settings in the Hawaiian chain immediately prior to formation of the oldest, modern high-elevation island, Kaua'i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G. Baldwin
- Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465, USA
| | - Warren L. Wagner
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington 20013-7012, DC, USA
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Clayton JW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Recent Long-Distance Dispersal Overshadows Ancient Biogeographical Patterns in a Pantropical Angiosperm Family (Simaroubaceae, Sapindales). Syst Biol 2009; 58:395-410. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syp041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA
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