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Abida, Alzahrani AR, Alhuthali HM, Alkathiri A, Almaghrabi ROM, Alshehri JM, Asdaq SMB, Imran M. Personalized oncology in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: integrating genetic analysis with machine learning. Med Oncol 2024; 41:290. [PMID: 39420072 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs) are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors with a significant genetic tendency. Approximately 35-40% of these tumors are associated with genetic factors. The present study performed a thorough analysis using publicly accessible genetic and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine the involvement of six genes, namely GBP1, KIF13B, GPT, CSDE1, CEP164, and CLCA1, in the development of PCCs/PGLs. By employing multi-omics data, this study investigates the relationship between mutational patterns and the prognosis of tumors, focusing on the possibility of tailoring treatment methods to individual patients. The study utilizes Mutect2 to detect somatic mutations with high confidence in whole-exome sequencing data from PCCG samples. The study uncovers mild effects on protein function caused by particular mutations, including GBP1 (p.Cys12Tyr), KIF13B (p.Arg847Gly), and GPT (p.Gln50Arg). A random forest classifier uses mutational profiles to predict potential drug recommendations, proposing a focused therapy strategy. This study thoroughly analyzes the genetic mutations found in PCCs/PGLs, highlighting the significance of precision medicine in developing specific treatments for these uncommon types of cancer. This study aims to improve the understanding of the development of tumors and identify personalized treatment approaches by combining genetic data with machine learning analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, 91911, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, 21955, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alkathiri
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, 65431, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Omar M Almaghrabi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, 65431, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Mohammad Alshehri
- Optometry Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, 65431, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, 91911, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
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Kaplan AI, Dwight T, Luxford C, Benn DE, Clifton-Bligh RJ. SDHA-related phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: review and clinical management. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e240111. [PMID: 39133175 PMCID: PMC11466202 DOI: 10.1530/erc-24-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (collectively termed PPGL) are rare yet highly heritable neuroendocrine tumours, with over one-third of cases associated with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in numerous genes. PVs in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit-A gene (SDHA) were initially implicated in hereditary PPGL in 2010, and SDHA has since become an important susceptibility gene accounting for up to 2.8% of cases. However, it remains poorly understood, particularly regarding the clinical nature of SDHA PPGL, rates of recurrence and metastasis, and the nature of metastatic disease. We present a narrative review of SDHA-related PPGL, covering pathophysiology, relevance to current clinical practice, and considerations for clinical genetics. We analyse a pool of 107 previously reported cases of SDHA-associated PPGL to highlight the spectrum of SDHA-related PPGL. Our analysis demonstrates that SDHA PPGL occurs across a wide age range (11-81 years) and affects men and women equally. SDHA PPGL typically presents as single tumours (91%), usually occurring in the head and neck (46%) or abdomen (43%, including 15% with phaeochromocytomas). Metastatic disease was reported in 25.5% of cases, with bone (82%) and lymph nodes (71%) being the most common sites of metastasis, often identified many years after the initial diagnosis. A family history of SDHA-related neoplasia was rare, reported in only 4% of cases. Understanding the clinical nature and risks associated with SDHA PVs is essential for facilitating the optimal management of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Kaplan
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Trisha Dwight
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Luxford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana E Benn
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Choi YY, Lee M, Kim EH, Lee JE, Jung I, Cheong JH. Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers Among Adult-Onset 5-Year Cancer Survivors in South Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48380. [PMID: 38717807 PMCID: PMC11112468 DOI: 10.2196/48380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types considering sex and age. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea including 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed with an FPC in 2009 to 2010 and followed them until December 31, 2019. We measured the SPC incidence per 10,000 person-years and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) compared with the incidence expected in the general population. RESULTS Among 266,241 survivors (mean age at FPC: 55.7 years; 149,352/266,241, 56.1% women), 7348 SPCs occurred during 1,003,008 person-years of follow-up (median 4.3 years), representing a 26% lower risk of developing SPCs (SIR 0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.76). Overall, men with 14 of the 20 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs; women with 7 of the 21 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs. The risk of developing any SPC type differed by age; the risk was 28% higher in young (<40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.42; incidence: 30 per 10,000 person-years) and 27% lower in middle-aged and older (≥40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71-0.74; incidence: 80 per 10,000 person-years) compared with the age-corresponding general population. The most common types of FPCs were mainly observed as SPCs in cancer survivors, with lung (21.6%) and prostate (15.2%) cancers in men and breast (18.9%) and lung (12.2%) cancers in women. The risks of brain cancer in colorectal cancer survivors, lung cancer in laryngeal cancer survivors, and both kidney cancer and leukemia in thyroid cancer survivors were significantly higher for both sexes. Other high-risk SPCs varied by FPC type and sex. Strong positive associations among smoking-related cancers, such as laryngeal, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers, were observed. Substantial variation existed in the associations between specific types of FPC and specific types of SPC risk, which may be linked to hereditary cancer syndrome: for women, the risks of ovarian cancer for breast cancer survivors and uterus cancers for colorectal cancer survivors, and for men, the risk of pancreas cancer for kidney cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS The varying risk for SPCs by age, sex, and FPC types in cancer survivors implies the necessity for tailored prevention and screening programs targeting cancer survivors. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, are essential to reduce the risk of SPCs in cancer survivors. In addition, genetic testing, along with proactive cancer screening and prevention strategies, should be implemented for young cancer survivors because of their elevated risk of developing SPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bates MF, Sorensen MJ. Genetic Testing for Adrenal Tumors-What the Contemporary Surgeon Should Know. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2023; 32:303-313. [PMID: 36925187 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Surgical diseases of the adrenal gland include pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, primary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, and adrenocortical carcinoma. These conditions may be associated with familial syndromes, and genetic testing is available and recommended in most. For adrenal surgeons to be familiar with these syndromes and know when to consider referral for genetic counseling and genetic testing is important. Identification of patients with familial syndromes allows for the detection and screening of associated syndromic neoplasms, guides surgical planning and operative approach, influences recurrence and malignancy risk assessment, aids in the development of a postoperative surveillance plan, and determines the need for screening family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Bates
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Section of General Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. https://twitter.com/mfbates13
| | - Meredith J Sorensen
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Section of General Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Naseef P. Intrapartum adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma presenting in pregnancy: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6937. [PMID: 36789302 PMCID: PMC9909254 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is one of the rare causes of hypertension in pregnancy, occurring in one in every 50,000 pregnancies. The aim of this case report is to describe an atypical presentation of pheochromocytoma at 35 weeks gestation, where it presented with right flank pain and seizures, its preoperative medical optimization, and intrapartum concurrent surgical management. It also discusses various clinical presentations of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, appropriate laboratory and radiological investigations, and different modalities of treatment. It is important to consider the possibility of the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma when considering the different causes of high blood pressure in a term pregnancy. Prompt antenatal diagnosis and timely management are critical to reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Naseef
- Obstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
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Zaccaria G, Cucinella G, Di Donna MC, Lo Re G, Paci G, Laganà AS, Chiantera V. Minimally invasive management for multifocal pelvic retroperitoneal malignant paraganglioma: a neuropelveological approach. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 36117184 PMCID: PMC9484073 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, with an estimated incidence of about 0.6 cases per 100.000 person/year. Overall, 3–8% of them are malignant. These tumors are characterized by a classic triad of symptoms (headaches, palpitations, profuse sweating) due to hypersecretion of catecholamines. Despite several advantages of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for PGL debulking, the surgical approach is not standardized yet. In this scenario, we aimed to report a case of a multiple recurrent PGL with metastatic retroperitoneal localization involving the pelvic sidewall, excised with MIS. Case presentation We performed complete laparoscopic-assisted neuronavigation (LANN technique) with isolation of the sacral routes and the sciatic nerve to obtain complete exposure of the main anatomic landmarks. Robotic surgery was used to perform neurolysis of sacral plexus, and partial resection of left splanchnic nerves was needed. After the resection of the first mass, extensive neurolysis of all sacral routes, obturator nerve, pudendal nerve till the entrance of the pudendal (Alcock) canal, and sciatic nerve was performed. Finally, the mass was identified after trans gluteal incision and dissection of the maximum gluteal muscle, and a partial resection of the superior gluteal nerve and slicing of the sciatic nerve were needed to obtain a radical excision of the mass. Then neurorrhaphy of the sectioned nerve fibers of the superior gluteal nerve was performed, and nerve protection was obtained using a collagen nerve wrap. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient is free of disease at the MRI imaging and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Conclusions Minimally invasive gynecological surgery with neuropelveological approach could be considered as a feasible option in case of multifocal pelvic retroperitoneal malignant paraganglioma of the pelvic side wall.
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Neupane D, Dahal A, Lageju N, Jaiswal LS, Kandel A, Manandhar S. Von Hippel-Lindau disease: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 97:107417. [PMID: 35901549 PMCID: PMC9403169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited genetic condition. Von Hippel characterized the illness independently in 1911, and Lindau in 1926. Its prevalence is estimated to be about 1 in every 36,000 live births. VHL is characterized by the production of several benign and malignant tumors, as well as cysts in other organs. For proper prognosis, good clinical judgement and timely diagnosis is warranted. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report a case of a 50-year-old man with several central nervous system (CNS) lesions, retinal lesions, and renal cortical cysts with a diagnosis of VHL disease who was surgically treated. At a 3-month follow-up, he improved drastically with a marked alleviation of his signs and symptoms. DISCUSSION VHL is characterized by the creation of various benign and malignant tumors, as well as cysts in multiple organs, and is passed down through generations in an autosomal dominant pattern with near-complete penetrance. CNS lesions are surgically treated. Regular follow-up should be ensured. CONCLUSIONS VHL disease is an extremely complicated disease with the need for diagnosis and genetic tests in the patient and family members, as well as intensive supervision of carriers of the mutated gene, thereby improving early diagnosis and successful treatment of the malignancies. The high cost of diagnostics and surgical therapies is a severe issue. Government care and financial assistance are critical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Neupane
- Department of Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal,Corresponding author.
| | - Alok Dahal
- Department of Surgery (Division of Neurosurgery), B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Nimesh Lageju
- Department of Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Lokesh Shekher Jaiswal
- Department of Surgery (Division of CTVS), B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Ashim Kandel
- Department of Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Srista Manandhar
- Department of Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Prinzi N, Corti F, Torchio M, Niger M, Antista M, Pagani F, Beninato T, Pulice I, Rossi RE, Coppa J, Cascella T, Giacomelli L, Di Bartolomeo M, Milione M, de Braud F, Pusceddu S. Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: where are we? TUMORI JOURNAL 2022; 108:526-540. [PMID: 35593402 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221078621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) can metastasize in approximately 15-20% of cases. This review discusses the available evidence on the biology and treatment of metastatic PPGLs. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment option for this evolving and symptomatic disease. In patients with high MIBG uptake and positive PETGa-68, radiometabolic treatment may be considered. The efficacy of sunitinib has been shown in observational studies, and pembrolizumab has been evaluated in phase II clinical studies, while other agents investigated in this setting are anti-angiogenic drugs cabozantinib, dovitinib, axitinib and lenvatinib. As these agents' efficacy and safety data, alone or in combination, are scant and based on few treated patients, enrollment in clinical trials is mandatory. Future therapeutic options may be represented by DNA repair system inhibitors (such as olaparib), HIF2 inhibitors and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Torchio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Niger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Antista
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pagani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Beninato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Iolanda Pulice
- Clinical Trial Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Gastro-intestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorgelina Coppa
- Gastro-intestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cascella
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy.,Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
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Espinel W, Champine M, Hampel H, Jeter J, Sweet K, Pilarski R, Pearlman R, Shane K, Brock P, Westman JA, Kipnis L, Sotelo J, Chittenden A, Culver S, Stopfer JE, Schneider KA, Sacca R, Koeller DR, Gaonkar S, Vaccari E, Kane S, Michalski ST, Yang S, Nielsen SM, Bristow SL, Lincoln SE, Nussbaum RL, Esplin ED. Clinical Impact of Pathogenic Variants in DNA Damage Repair Genes beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2426. [PMID: 35626031 PMCID: PMC9139211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Consensus guidelines for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer include management recommendations for pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, and other DNA damage repair (DDR) genes beyond BRCA1 or BRCA2. We report on clinical management decisions across three academic medical centers resulting from P/LP findings in DDR genes in breast/ovarian cancer patients. Among 2184 patients, 156 (7.1%) carried a P/LP variant in a DDR gene. Clinical follow-up information was available for 101/156 (64.7%) patients. Genetic test result-based management recommendations were made for 57.8% (n = 59) of patients and for 64.7% (n = 66) of patients' family members. Most recommendations were made for moderate-to-high risk genes and were consistent with guidelines. Sixty-six percent of patients (n = 39/59) implemented recommendations. This study suggests that P/LP variants in DDR genes beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 can change clinical management recommendations for patients and their family members, facilitate identification of new at-risk carriers, and impact treatment decisions. Additional efforts are needed to improve the implementation rates of genetic-testing-based management recommendations for patients and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Espinel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (W.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Marjan Champine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (W.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Joanne Jeter
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Kevin Sweet
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Kate Shane
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Pamela Brock
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Judith A. Westman
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.H.); (J.J.); (K.S.); (R.P.); (R.P.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Lindsay Kipnis
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Jilliane Sotelo
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Anu Chittenden
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Samantha Culver
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Jill E. Stopfer
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Katherine A. Schneider
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Rosalba Sacca
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Diane R. Koeller
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Shraddha Gaonkar
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Erica Vaccari
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Sarah Kane
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.K.); (J.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (J.E.S.); (K.A.S.); (R.S.); (D.R.K.); (S.G.); (E.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Scott T. Michalski
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Shan Yang
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Sarah M. Nielsen
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Sara L. Bristow
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Stephen E. Lincoln
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Robert L. Nussbaum
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Edward D. Esplin
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (S.T.M.); (S.Y.); (S.M.N.); (S.L.B.); (S.E.L.); (R.L.N.)
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10
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Sobocki BK, Perdyan A, Szot O, Rutkowski J. Management of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: A Case-Based Review of Clinical Aspects and Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092591. [PMID: 35566714 PMCID: PMC9103340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma are rare medical conditions. Thus, there are still a small number of studies, clinical trials, and evidence-based data in this field. This makes clinical decisions more difficult. In this study, we present a case report enriched with a short review of available essential clinical data, indicating the need for constant metoxycatecholamine level observation and a proper diagnostic imaging approach, especially in terms of ongoing pandemics. Our research also provides a summary of the molecular background of these diseases, indicating their future role in clinical management. We analyzed the ClinicalTrials.gov dataset in order to show future perspectives. In this paper, the use of the PET-CT before MRI or CT is proposed in specific cases during diagnosis processes contrary to the guidelines. PET-CT may be as effective as standard procedures and may provide a faster diagnosis, which is important in periods with more difficult access to health care, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.K.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Adrian Perdyan
- International Research Agenda 3P Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Olga Szot
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Rutkowski
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.S.); (J.R.)
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11
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Batchu S, Hakim A, Henry OS, Madzo J, Atabek U, Spitz FR, Hong YK. Transcriptome-guided resolution of tumor microenvironment interactions in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma subtypes. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:989-998. [PMID: 35088383 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPG) are rare catecholamine-secreting endocrine tumors deriving from chromaffin cells of the embryonic neural crest. Although distinct molecular PCPG subtypes have been elucidated, certain characteristics of these tumors have yet to be fully examined, namely the tumor microenvironment (TME). To further understand tumor-stromal interactions in PCPG subtypes, the present study deconvoluted bulk tumor gene expression to examine ligand-receptor interactions. METHODS RNA-sequencing data primary solid PCPG tumors were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tumor purity was estimated using two robust algorithms. The tumor purity estimates and bulk tumor expression values allowed for non-negative linear regression to predict the average expression of each gene in the stromal and tumor compartments for each PCPG molecular subtype. The predicted expression values were then used in conjunction with a previously curated ligand-receptor database and scoring system to evaluate top ligand-receptor interactions. RESULTS Across all PCPG subtypes compared to normal samples, tumor-to-tumor signaling between bone morphogenic proteins 7 (BMP7) and 15 (BMP15) and cognate receptors ACVR2B and BMPR1B was increased. In addition, tumor-to-stroma signaling was enriched for interactions between predicted tumor-originating delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and predicted stromal NOTCH receptors. Stroma-to-tumor signaling was enriched for interactions between ephrins A1 and A4 with ephrin receptors EphA5, EphA7, and EphA8. Pseudohypoxia subtype tumors displayed increased predicted stromal expression of genes related to immune-exhausted T-cell response, including those for inhibitory receptors HAVCR2 and CTLA4. CONCLUSION The current exploratory study predicted stromal and tumor through compartmental deconvolution and yielded previously unrecognized interactions and putative biomarkers in PCPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batchu
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
| | - A Hakim
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - O S Henry
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - J Madzo
- Coriell Institute, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - U Atabek
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - F R Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Y K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
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12
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Fukuzawa T, Yamaki S, Irie M, Sasaki H, Kudo H, Nakamura M, Ando R, Okubo R, Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Tada K, Nakajima Y, Sato K, Endo R, Aoki H, Kuniyoshi S, Saito K, Wada M. Retroperitoneal paraganglioma with hypertensive crisis during laparoscopic surgery. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2021.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Wen CY, Tsai CM, Yu CC, Lin JT. Modified Dual Docking Robotic Surgery for Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e16947. [PMID: 34513515 PMCID: PMC8412883 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndrome is an uncommon genetic condition featured by an inherited predisposition to generate PGLs. Surgical resection of all tumors is the standard treatment for excess adrenaline production and tendency for metastasis. Nowadays, there are few case reports that have mentioned the surgical technique for hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes, especially robot-assisted surgery. Herein we present a rare case of hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes treated by partial cystectomy and right adrenalectomy at the same time with modified dual docking robotic surgical technique. Our dual docking robotic technique is a feasible option for patients with hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes of synchronous tumors in bladder and adrenal gland. It could not only prevent from second surgery but be safely performed without compromising disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yueh Wen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TWN
| | - Chia-Mu Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TWN
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TWN
| | - Jen-Tai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TWN
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14
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Batchu S. Age-related differences of immune infiltrates in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1543-1546. [PMID: 33030696 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Batchu
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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15
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Siddiqui N, Seedat F, Bulbulia S, Mtshali NZ, Botha A, Krause A, Daya R, Bayat Z. SDHB-Associated Paraganglioma Syndrome in Africa-A Need for Greater Genetic Testing. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab111. [PMID: 34377882 PMCID: PMC8348940 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A germline mutation is identified in almost 40% of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) syndromes. Genetic testing and counseling are essential for the management of index cases as well as presymptomatic identification and preemptive management of affected family members. Mutations in the genes encoding the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are well described in patients with hereditary PPGL. Among patients of African ancestry, the prevalence, phenotype, germline mutation spectrum, and penetrance of SDH mutations is poorly characterized. We describe a multifocal paraganglioma in a young African male with an underlying missense succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutation and a history of 3 first-degree relatives who died at young ages from suspected cardiovascular causes. The same SDHB mutation, Class V variant c.724C>A p.(Arg242Ser), was detected in one of his asymptomatic siblings. As there are limited data describing hereditary PPGL syndromes in Africa, this report of an SDHB-associated PPGL is a notable contribution to the literature in this growing field. Due to the noteworthy clinical implications of PPGL mutations, this work highlights the existing need for broader genetic screening among African patients with PPGL despite the limited healthcare resources available in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Siddiqui
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
| | - Faheem Seedat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Saajidah Bulbulia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo Z Mtshali
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Adam Botha
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Amanda Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Services & School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Reyna Daya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zaheer Bayat
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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16
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Metastatic Malignant Paraganglioma Presenting as a Neck Mass Treated with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analog. Case Rep Oncol Med 2021; 2021:8856167. [PMID: 34211793 PMCID: PMC8205574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin-containing tissue. Surgical resection and/or radiation are used for locoregional disease, and reduction of tumor burden with systemic therapy is reserved for metastatic disease. Iobenguane I-131, somatostatin analog (octreotide), and Sunitinib are noncytotoxic options for treatment, while cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine (CVD) and temozolomide are often used as initial chemotherapy options as studies have shown that they offer some tumor response. However, there are no randomized clinical trials demonstrating prolonged survival with the use of chemotherapeutics in metastatic cases. Investigation of alternative therapies that provide survival benefit is thus necessary. We present a case of a 69-year-old female with metastatic malignant paraganglioma presenting as a left parapharyngeal neck mass, which metastasized after surgery, requiring radiation therapy for bony metastasis who was treated with a radioisotope somatostatin analog for disease progression.
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17
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Seamon ML, Yamaguchi I. Hypertension in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Evaluation and Management in Pediatric Patients. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:32. [PMID: 34041599 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rare catecholamine-secreting tumors, pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL), account for a minority of cases of secondary hypertension in pediatrics. As such, perioperative blood pressure (BP) management in pediatric patients presents a distinct challenge. This review will expand the practitioner's knowledge of antihypertensive treatment options for the pediatric patient with PPGL with a focus on literature in the past several years. RECENT FINDINGS There continue to be only small case series and single-center experiences to provide guidelines regarding BP management. While phenoxybenzamine has been more routinely used, selective α1-blockers, such as doxazosin, as well as calcium channel blockers, have also been utilized with success in pediatric patients. While the concept of obligatory α-adrenergic blockade for adult patients has been recently challenged, international guidelines and current practice patterns among pediatric clinicians continue to support preoperative α-adrenergic blockade to ensure the best possible patient outcomes. Selective α1-blockers and calcium channel blockers are becoming more commonly used given the high cost, limited availability, and undesirable side effect profile of phenoxybenzamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Seamon
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 81 N. Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA.
| | - Ikuyo Yamaguchi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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18
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Wang L, Feng Y, Jiang LY. Anesthetic management of bilateral pheochromocytoma resection in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3711-3715. [PMID: 34046474 PMCID: PMC8130083 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i15.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Von Hippel-Lindau disease (also known as VHL syndrome), is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. We describe a sporadic case of VHL syndrome where bilateral pheochromocytomas were unexpectedly identified. The patient underwent selective laparoscopic resections of the pheochromocytomas, and the anesthetic management during surgery was complex and challenging.
CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old man presented to our hospital to seek medical advice for infertility without any other complaints. The results of computed tomography and catecholamine levels in blood and urine demonstrated adrenal gland masses which were diagnosed as pheochromocytomas. Further examination confirmed that the patient also had VHL syndrome. After thorough preparation, the patient underwent selective laparoscopic resection of the pheochromocytomas and was discharged 10 d after surgery. We describe the process of perioperative anesthesia management in this patient undergoing pheochromocytoma resection.
CONCLUSION This case summaries specific clinical traits and considerations in perioperative anesthesia management for VHL syndrome patients undergoing bilateral pheochromocytoma resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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19
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Hirose R, Tsurutani Y, Sugisawa C, Inoue K, Suematsu S, Nagata M, Hasegawa N, Kakuta Y, Yonamine M, Takekoshi K, Kimura N, Saito J, Nishikawa T. Hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome with a novel mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene in a Japanese family: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:282. [PMID: 34020699 PMCID: PMC8140422 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma caused by succinate dehydrogenase gene mutations is called hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. In particular, succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutations are important because they are strongly associated with the malignant behavior of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma . This is a case report of a family of hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome carrying a novel mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old Japanese woman, whose father died of metastatic paraganglioma, was diagnosed with abdominal paraganglioma, and underwent total resection. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B genetic testing detected a splice-site mutation, c.424-2delA, in her germline and paraganglioma tissue. Afterwards, the same succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation was detected in her father's paraganglioma tissues. In silico analysis predicted the mutation as "disease causing." She is under close follow-up, and no recurrence or metastasis has been observed for 4 years since surgery. CONCLUSIONS We detected a novel succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation, c.424-2delA, in a Japanese family afflicted with hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome and found the mutation to be responsible for hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. This case emphasizes the importance of performing genetic testing for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma suspected of harboring the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation (that is, metastatic, extra-adrenal, multiple, early onset, and family history of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma) and offer surveillance screening to mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Hirose
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan.
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, 16-035 Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sachiko Suematsu
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Yukio Kakuta
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Saito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishikawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 222-0036, Japan
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20
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MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071522. [PMID: 33810219 PMCID: PMC8036642 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 40% of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) harbor germline mutations, representing the highest heritability among human tumors. All PPGL have metastatic potential, but metastatic PPGL is overall rare. There is no available molecular marker for the metastatic potential of these tumors, and the diagnosis of metastatic PPGL can only be established if metastases are found at "extra-chromaffin" sites. In the era of precision medicine with individually targeted therapies and advanced care of patients, the treatment options for metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are still limited. With this review we would like to nurture the idea of the quest for non-coding ribonucleic acids as an area to be further investigated in tumor biology. Non-coding RNA molecules encompassing microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various tumors, and were also proposed as valuable diagnostic, prognostic factors, and even potential treatment targets. Given the fact that the pathogenesis of tumors including pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas is linked to epigenetic dysregulation, it is reasonable to conduct studies related to their epigenetic expression profiles and in this brief review we present a synopsis of currently available findings on the relevance of these molecules in these tumors highlighting their diagnostic potential.
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21
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de Paula A, Abdolrahimzadeh S, Fragiotta S, Di Pippo M, Scuderi G. Current concepts on ocular vascular abnormalities in the phakomatoses. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:549-560. [PMID: 33755531 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis, Von Hippel Lindau disease, and tuberous sclerosis complex are classified under the term phakomatoses. They are characterized by ocular vascular abnormalities such as vascular tortuosity, corkscrew retinal vessel configuration, moyamoya-like aspect, microaneurysms, hemangioblastomas, and focal sheathing of retinal arteries, possibly due to abnormal formation, migration, and differentiation of neural crest cells. These alterations can be the first sign or the hallmark of disease and can be related to vasoproliferative tumors. PURPOSE Novel imaging technologies in ophthalmology, such as near-infrared reflectances and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, have improved our knowledge in the diagnosis of these pathologies. Previously undetected macular vascular alterations have been reported in phakomatoses using optical coherence tomography angiography. This review will summarize the ophthalmic vascular abnormalities and novel imaging methods in the phakomatoses. CONCLUSION Active research is being led into the ophthalmic management of these conditions and their complications, and owing to elevated vascular endothelial growth factor production from hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, and retinal vascular proliferative tumors, increasing interest in this line of therapy has been conducted although research is still ongoing in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Paula
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fragiotta
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Di Pippo
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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22
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Ramani B, Gupta R, Wu J, Barreto J, Bollen AW, Tihan T, Mummaneni PV, Ames C, Clark A, Oberheim Bush NA, Butowski N, Phillips D, King BE, Bator SM, Treynor EC, Zherebitskiy V, Quinn PS, Walker JB, Pekmezci M, Sullivan DV, Hofmann JW, Sloan EA, M Chang S, Berger MS, Solomon DA, Perry A. The immunohistochemical, DNA methylation, and chromosomal copy number profile of cauda equina paraganglioma is distinct from extra-spinal paraganglioma. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:907-917. [PMID: 32892244 PMCID: PMC7682537 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors of the autonomic nervous system that are variably clinically functional and have a potential for metastasis. Up to 40% occur in the setting of a hereditary syndrome, most commonly due to germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) genes. Immunohistochemically, paragangliomas are characteristically GATA3-positive and cytokeratin-negative, with loss of SDHB expression in most hereditary cases. In contrast, the rare paragangliomas arising in the cauda equina (CEP) or filum terminale region have been shown to be hormonally silent, clinically indolent, and have variable keratin expression, suggesting these tumors may represent a separate pathologic entity. We retrospectively evaluated 17 CEPs from 11 male and 6 female patients with a median age of 38 years (range 21-82), none with a family history of neuroendocrine neoplasia. Six of the 17 tumors demonstrated prominent gangliocytic or ganglioneuromatous differentiation. By immunohistochemistry, none of the CEPs showed GATA3 positivity or loss of SDHB staining; all 17 CEPs were cytokeratin positive. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed on 12 of the tumors and compared with publicly available genome-wide DNA methylation data. Clustering analysis showed that CEPs form a distinct epigenetic group, separate from paragangliomas of extraspinal sites, pheochromocytomas, and other neuroendocrine neoplasms. Copy number analysis revealed diploid genomes in the vast majority of CEPs, whereas extraspinal paragangliomas were mostly aneuploid with recurrent trisomy 1q and monosomies of 1p, 3, and 11, none of which were present in the cohort of CEP. Together, these findings indicate that CEPs likely represent a distinct entity. Future genomic studies are needed to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswarathan Ramani
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jasper Wu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jairo Barreto
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Andrew W Bollen
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Praveen V Mummaneni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Ames
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Clark
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Butowski
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce E King
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Bator
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | | | - Viktor Zherebitskiy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Melike Pekmezci
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel V Sullivan
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Hofmann
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Sloan
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kassem N, Stout LA, Hunter C, Schneider B, Radovich M. Precision Prevention: The Current State and Future of Genomically Guided Cancer Prevention. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:96-108. [PMID: 35050732 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer-predisposing germline variants has potentially substantial clinical impact for patients and their families. Although management guidelines have been proposed for some genes, guidelines for other genes are lacking. This review focuses on the current surveillance and management guidelines for the most common hereditary cancer syndromes and discusses some of the most pivotal studies supporting the available guidelines. We also highlight the gaps in the identification of germline carriers, the cascade testing of at-risk relatives, and the challenges impeding the proper follow-up and optimal management of pathogenic germline carriers. The anticipated surge in the number of identified germline carriers, deficient management guidelines, poor cascade testing uptake, and long-term follow-up necessitate the development of multidisciplinary clinics as an obligatory step toward the improvement of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Kassem
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University Health Precision Genomics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Leigh Anne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University Health Precision Genomics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cynthia Hunter
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University Health Precision Genomics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bryan Schneider
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University Health Precision Genomics, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Milan Radovich
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University Health Precision Genomics, Indianapolis, IN
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24
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Vérot PL, Rabattu PY, Chabre O, Gayot A, Sartelet H, Faguet R, Robert Y, Piolat C. Pediatric pheochromocytoma in association with Von Hippel-Lindau disease: Focus on screening strategies. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:497-501. [PMID: 33067065 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a syndrome of familial predisposition to the development of malignant and benign tumours, due to mutations in the VHL tumour suppressor gene. Pheochromocytoma is a tumour that develops in the adrenal gland, rare in pediatric age, and may be associated with genetic abnormalities including mutations in the VHL gene. Systematic screening of pheochromocytoma in children carrying a VHL mutation has been proposed. However, some VHL patients who have been screened may develop symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma despite screening. Here, we report on such a case. CLINICAL CASE A 13-year-old boy, known to be a carrier of a mutation of the VHL gene, undergoing annual screening, was admitted to our hospital for clinical symptoms related to a right adrenal pheochromocytoma discovered on abdominal imaging. After hemodynamic stabilisation, the pheochromocytoma was surgically resected. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The postoperative care was simple. The event-free period is currently 2 years. DISCUSSION The present case has led us to reflect on the French and international screening strategies for pheochromocytoma in children carrying a mutation of the VHL gene. Between 2013 and 2018, six different recommendations were proposed for pheochromocytoma screening in secondary prevention for children with a VHL mutation, with variability regarding the age of onset and complementary examinations to be carried out. Despite the existence of these recommendations, our case demonstrates that a pheochromocytoma can develop by escaping well-performed screening. The role of early abdominal imaging should be redefined to improve the efficiency of screening. CONCLUSION The discovery of a pheochromocytoma in a child must be systematically investigated for an underlying genetic cause. In the particular case of children carrying a mutation of the VHL gene, annual abdominal imaging should be included in the pheochromocytoma screening protocol from the age of 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Vérot
- Pediatric Surgery, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - P-Y Rabattu
- Pediatric Surgery, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - O Chabre
- Endocrinology, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - A Gayot
- Pediatric Intensive Care, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - H Sartelet
- Pathology, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - R Faguet
- Pediatric Surgery, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Y Robert
- Pediatric Surgery, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - C Piolat
- Pediatric Surgery, pôle couple-enfant, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Quai Yermoloff, 38700 La Tronche, France
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25
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Targeting β2-Adrenergic Receptors Shows Therapeutical Benefits in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma from Von Hippel-Lindau Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092740. [PMID: 32854260 PMCID: PMC7563408 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL), is a rare autosomal dominant inherited cancer in which the lack of VHL protein triggers the development of multisystemic tumors such us retinal hemangioblastomas (HB), CNS-HB, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). ccRCC ranks third in terms of incidence and first in cause of death. Standard systemic therapies for VHL-ccRCC have shown limited response, with recurrent surgeries being the only effective treatment. Targeting of β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) has shown therapeutic antitumor benefits on VHL-retinal HB (clinical trial) and VHL-CNS HB (in vitro). Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo antitumor benefits of propranolol (ADRB-1,2 antagonist) and ICI-118,551 (ADRB-2 antagonist) on VHL−/− ccRCC primary cultures and 786-O tumor cell lines have been addressed. Propranolol and ICI-118,551 activated apoptosis inhibited gene and protein expression of HIF-2α, CAIX, and VEGF, and impaired partially the nuclear internalization of HIF-2α and NFĸB/p65. Moreover, propranolol and ICI-118,551 reduced tumor growth on two in vivo xenografts. Finally, ccRCC patients receiving propranolol as off-label treatment have shown a positive therapeutic response for two years on average. In summary, propranolol and ICI-118,551 have shown antitumor benefits in VHL-derived ccRCC, and since ccRCCs comprise 63% of the total RCCs, targeting ADRB2 becomes a promising drug for VHL and other non-VHL tumors.
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26
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Pediatric applications of Dotatate: early diagnostic and therapeutic experience. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:882-897. [PMID: 32495176 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, new somatostatin receptor agents (SSTRs) have become available for diagnostic imaging and therapy in neuroendocrine tumors. The novel SSTR ligand DOTA-DPhel-Tyr3-octreotate (Dotatate) in particular can be linked with 68Gallium for diagnostic imaging purposes, and with the β-emitter 177Lutetium for radiotherapy in the setting of neuroendocrine tumors. Dotatate imaging offers distinct advantages in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors compared to standard techniques, including greater target-to-background ratio and lesion conspicuity, high sensitivity/specificity, improved spatial resolution with positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MR, and decreased radiation exposure. Although currently off-label in pediatrics, Dotatate theranostics in children are being explored, most notably in the setting of neuroblastoma and hereditary neuroendocrine syndromes. This article provides a multicenter case series of Dotatate imaging and therapy in pediatric patients in order to highlight the spectrum of potential clinical applications.
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Abstract
Introduction Paragangliomas are rare endocrine tumors that arise from the extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia and sympathetic paragangliomas usually secret catecholamines and are located in the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. In contrast, most parasympathetic paragangliomas are nonfunctional and located along the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves in the neck and at the base of the skull. Such neoplasms, although rare, are clinically important because they may recur after surgical resection and 10% of them give rise to metastases causing death with the lymphatic nodes, bones, liver, and lungs being the most common locations. Case presentation We present a case of a 26-year-old male patient that was diagnosed with paraganglioma of the right-frontal lobe infiltrating the falx and frontal bone which was diagnosed after suffering from a headache and abnormal vision. On initial work-up he was found to have right pulmonary nodules that increased in size after follow up and other nodules appeared in the contralateral lung. He underwent subtotal resection of the brain tumor and complete resection of the bilateral pulmonary nodules. Conclusion To our knowledge, paraganglioma is considered to be a rare entity in the central nervous system with very few cases being reported in the supratentorial region and no cases were reported of metastatic such paraganglioma to the lung.
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Anderson S. Volatile Hypertensive Crisis Secondary to Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report of von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome. J Pediatr Health Care 2020; 34:264-272. [PMID: 32143938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Patel D, Phay JE, Yen TWF, Dickson PV, Wang TS, Garcia R, Yang AD, Solórzano CC, Kim LT. Update on Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma from the SSO Endocrine/Head and Neck Disease-Site Work Group. Part 1 of 2: Advances in Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:1329-1337. [PMID: 32112212 PMCID: PMC8655649 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This first part of a two-part review of pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGLs) addresses clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, treatment, and outcomes. In this first part, the epidemiology, prevalence, genetic etiology, clinical presentation, and biochemical and radiologic workup are discussed. In particular, recent advances in the genetics underlying PPGLs and the recommendation for genetic testing of all patients with PPGL are emphasized. Finally, the newer imaging methods for evaluating of PPGLs are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Patel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - John E Phay
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tina W F Yen
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paxton V Dickson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tracy S Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roberto Garcia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute of Panama/Paitilla Medical Center, Panama City, Panama
| | - Anthony D Yang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen C Solórzano
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence T Kim
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-an update on diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:581-594. [PMID: 30603807 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) generally grouped together are rare catecholamine-secreting endocrine tumors. Symptoms of catecholamine excess are non-specific and therefore a high index of suspicion in children with sustained hypertension, family history of endocrine tumors, or features of syndromes associated with PPGLs leads to a timely diagnosis and treatment. Free metanephrines in the plasma or 24-h urine are the preferred tests to establish catecholamine excess. Considerations for false-positive conditions improve diagnostic yield and accuracy. Functional imaging, targeting either specific cell membrane transporters or vesicular catecholamine transport systems, is indicated for incidental lesions suspicious for PPGLs with inconclusive biochemical testing, assessment of regional extension or multifocality, and exclusion of metastases. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for PPGLs. Preoperatively, sequential use of alpha adrenergic receptor blockade and volume expansion followed by beta blockade is mandatory to reduce intraoperative intravascular instability and blood pressure fluctuation due to tumor manipulation. Since genetic mutations have been reported in tumor susceptibility genes in nearly 50% of patients with PPGLs, genetic counselling and testing should be considered in all patients with a confirmed tumor.
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31
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Comito G, Ippolito L, Chiarugi P, Cirri P. Nutritional Exchanges Within Tumor Microenvironment: Impact for Cancer Aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2020; 10:396. [PMID: 32266157 PMCID: PMC7105815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic tissues are composed not only by tumor cells but also by several non-transformed stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells, that actively participate to tumor progression. Starting from the very beginning of carcinogenesis, tumor cells, through the release of paracrine soluble factors and vesicles, i.e., exosomes, modify the behavior of the neighboring cells, so that they can give efficient support for cancer cell proliferation and spreading. A mandatory role in tumor progression has been recently acknowledged to metabolic deregulation. Beside undergoing a metabolic reprogramming coherent to their high proliferation rate, tumor cells also rewire the metabolic assets of their stromal cells, educating them to serve as nutrient donors. Hence, an alteration in the composition and in the flow rate of many nutrients within tumor microenvironment has been associated with malignancy progression. This review is focused on metabolic remodeling of the different cell populations within tumor microenvironment, dealing with reciprocal re-education through the symbiotic sharing of metabolites, behaving both as nutrients and as transcriptional regulators, describing their impact on tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Comito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Current Approach of Functioning Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Case Report of a Young Patient with Multiple Asynchronous Tumors. Case Rep Endocrinol 2020; 2020:6827109. [PMID: 32082649 PMCID: PMC7019207 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6827109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Pheochromocytomas (Pheo) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and from the extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia, respectively. Only 1–3% of head and neck PGL (HNPGL) show elevated catecholamines, and at least 30% of Pheo and PGL (PCPG) are associated with genetic syndromes caused by germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Clinical Case. A 33-year-old man with a past medical history of resection of an abdominal PGL at the age of eleven underwent a CT scan after a mild traumatic brain injury revealing an incidental brain tumor. The diagnosis of a functioning PGL was made, and further testing was undertaken with a PET-CT with 68Ga-DOTATATE, SPECT-CT 131-MIBG, and genetic testing. Discussion and Conclusion. The usual clinical presentation of functioning PCPG includes paroxistic hypertension, headache, and diaphoresis, sometimes with a suggestive family history in 30–40% of cases. Only 20% of PGL are located in head and neck, of which only 1–3% will show elevated catecholamines. Metastatic disease is present in up to 50% of cases, usually associated with a hereditary germline mutation. However, different phenotypes can be observed depending on such germline mutations. Genetic testing is important in patients with PCPG since 31% will present a germline mutation. In this particular patient, an SDHB gene mutation was revealed, which can drastically influence the follow-up plan and the genetic counsel offered. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for every patient presenting with PCPG.SDHB gene mutation was revealed, which can drastically influence the follow-up plan and the genetic counsel offered. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for every patient presenting with PCPG.
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Roose LM, Rupp NJ, Röösli C, Valcheva N, Weber A, Beuschlein F, Tschopp O. Tinnitus With Unexpected Spanish Roots: Head and Neck Paragangliomas Caused by SDHAF2 Mutation. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa016. [PMID: 32133432 PMCID: PMC7049286 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 40% of all head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) have a hereditary background with the most common mutations being found in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes. SDHAF2 mutation leads to the rare paraganglioma syndrome 2. The authors present the case of a 15-year-old male patient with 2, non-secretory HNPGLs, presenting with left-sided, pulsatile tinnitus, and hearing loss. Imaging led to the suspicion of a jugulotympanic paraganglioma on the left, as well as a carotid body tumor on the right. After resection of the jugulotympanic tumor, histology confirmed the presence of a paraganglioma; immunohistochemistry furthermore suggested a loss of SDHB expression. Genetic testing revealed a rare germline, loss-of-function mutation in the SDHAF2 gene, previously described to cause hereditary paraganglioma syndrome 2. Twenty months after the first operation, the patient underwent a resection of the right carotid body paraganglioma. Plasma-free metanephrines/catecholamines always remained within the reference range; the patient is under regular follow-up, and his relatives will be screened. Our findings emphasize the relevance of genetic testing in patients with HNPGL, also with negative family history, especially when the patients present at a young age and with multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Roose
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christof Röösli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Tschopp
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cui X, Hu D, Wang C, Chen S, Zhao Z, Xu X, Yao Y, Liu T. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based probe method for detecting chromogranin A in adrenal tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:397-407. [PMID: 31983270 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aim to demonstrate that a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probe can be effectively used for protein detection in adrenal tumors. Materials & methods: The SERS probe method, which uses Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles conjugated with a CgA antibody and a SERS reporter, was applied to detect CgA in adrenal tumors. Results: Our data reveal that the results of the CgA-SERS probe method were almost identical to those of western blot and superior to those of traditional immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: This study offers a novel strategy to detect CgA in adrenal tumors and provides more reliable protein test results than traditional immunohistochemistry analysis for adrenal pathologists, meaning that it might be a better clinical reference for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cui
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics & Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Dayu Hu
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Zeyin Zhao
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Xu
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Yudong Yao
- College of Medicine & Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No.500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang, 110169, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
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Lin D, Lin J, Li X, Zhang J, Lai P, Mao Z, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Liu Y. The Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Showing Aberrant Methylation Patterns in Pheochromocytoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31803246 PMCID: PMC6873930 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pheochromocytoma (PHEO) can only be fully diagnosed when metastatic foci develop. However, at this point in time, patients gain little benefit from traditional therapeutic methods. Methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PHEO. The aim of this research was to use integrated bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing aberrant methylation patterns in PHEO and therefore provide further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. Aberrantly methylated DEGs were first identified by using R software (version 3.6) to combine gene expression microarray data (GSE19422) with gene methylation microarray data (GSE43293). An online bioinformatics database (DAVID) was then used to identify all overlapping DEGs showing aberrant methylation; these were annotated and then functional enrichment was ascertained by gene ontology (GO) analysis. The online STRING tool was then used to analyze interactions between all overlapping DEGs showing aberrant methylation; these results were then visualized by Cytoscape (version 3.61). Next, using the cytoHubba plugin within Cytoscape, we identified the top 10 hub genes and found that these were predominantly enriched in pathways related to cancer. Reference to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) further confirmed our results and further identified an upregulated hypomethylated gene (SCN2A) and a downregulated hypermethylated gene (KCNQ1). Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that KCNQ1 and SCN2A represent promising differential diagnostic biomarkers between benign and malignant PHEO. Finally, clinical data showed that there were significant differences in the concentrations of potassium and sodium when compared between pre-surgery and post-surgery day 1. These suggest that KCNQ1 and SCN2A, genes that encode potassium and sodium channels, respectively, may serve as putative diagnostic targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of PHEO and therefore facilitate the clinical management of PHEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinglai Lin
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Lai
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhifeng Mao
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiamen Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
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Wang B, Qiu J. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of paraganglioma. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2624-2635. [PMID: 35117020 PMCID: PMC8797373 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors derived from the adrenal medulla and the adrenal gland are called pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL), respectively. PGLs are neuroepithelial cell clusters associated with sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves, and are scattered throughout the body. According to the World Health Organization, the presence of distant metastases indicates malignant PGL. Most PGLs are benign, but their high secretion of catecholamines in the blood is associated with high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and death. Further research on PGL is required to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the genetics, clinical manifestations, benign and malignant forms, current major diagnostic methods, and progress in the treatment of PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
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Updates on the Role of Molecular Alterations and NOTCH Signalling in the Development of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091277. [PMID: 31443481 PMCID: PMC6780206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies, mainly originating from hormone-secreting cells, which are widespread in human tissues. The identification of mutations in ATRX/DAXX genes in sporadic NENs, as well as the high burden of mutations scattered throughout the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) gene in both sporadic and inherited syndromes, provided new insights into the molecular biology of tumour development. Other molecular mechanisms, such as the NOTCH signalling pathway, have shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of NENs. NOTCH receptors are expressed on neuroendocrine cells and generally act as tumour suppressor proteins, but in some contexts can function as oncogenes. The biological heterogeneity of NENs suggests that to fully understand the role and the potential therapeutic implications of gene mutations and NOTCH signalling in NENs, a comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations, NOTCH expression patterns and their potential role across all NEN subtypes is required.
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Dando I, Pozza ED, Ambrosini G, Torrens-Mas M, Butera G, Mullappilly N, Pacchiana R, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1530-1546. [PMID: 30972955 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy-sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy-resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, E-07120, Spain
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Wong MY, Andrews KA, Challis BG, Park S, Acerini CL, Maher ER, Casey RT. Clinical Practice Guidance: Surveillance for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in paediatric succinate dehydrogenase gene mutation carriers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:499-505. [PMID: 30589099 PMCID: PMC6850004 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex functions as a key enzyme coupling the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle. Inactivation of this enzyme complex results in the cellular accumulation of the oncometabolite succinate, which is postulated to be a key driver in tumorigenesis. Succinate accumulation inhibits 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including DNA and histone demethylase enzymes and hypoxic gene response regulators. Biallelic inactivation (typically resulting from one inherited and one somatic event) at one of the four genes encoding the SDH complex (SDHA/B/C/D) is the most common cause for SDH deficient (dSDH) tumours. Germline mutations in the SDHx genes predispose to a spectrum of tumours including phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), wild type gastrointestinal stromal tumours (wtGIST) and, less commonly, renal cell carcinoma and pituitary tumours. Furthermore, mutations in the SDHx genes, particularly SDHB, predispose to a higher risk of malignant PPGL, which is associated with a 5-year mortality of 50%. There is general agreement that biochemical and imaging surveillance should be offered to asymptomatic carriers of SDHx gene mutations in the expectation that this will reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with dSDH tumours. However, there is no consensus on when and how surveillance should be performed in children and young adults. Here, we address the question: "What age should clinical, biochemical and radiological surveillance for PPGL be initiated in paediatric SDHx mutation carriers?".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yin Wong
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyCambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Katrina A. Andrews
- East Anglian Medical Genetics ServiceCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Benjamin G. Challis
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyCambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Soo‐Mi Park
- East Anglian Medical Genetics ServiceCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | | | - Eamonn R. Maher
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge CentreCambridgeUK
| | - Ruth T. Casey
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyCambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Tufton N, Sahdev A, Drake WM, Akker SA. Can subunit-specific phenotypes guide surveillance imaging decisions in asymptomatic SDH mutation carriers? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:31-46. [PMID: 30303539 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the discovery that familial phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndrome can be caused by mutations in each subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme (SDH), has come the recognition that mutations in the individual subunits have their own distinct natural histories. Increased genetic screening is leading to the identification of increasing numbers of, mostly asymptomatic, gene mutation carriers and the implementation of screening strategies for these individuals. Yet there is, to date, no international consensus regarding screening strategies for asymptomatic carriers. DESIGN A comprehensive PubMed search from 1/1/2000 to 28/2/2018 was undertaken using multiple search terms and subsequently a manual review of references in identified papers to identify all clinically relevant cases and cohorts. In this review, the accumulated, published experience of phenotype and malignancy risks of individual SDH subunits is analysed. Where possible screening results for asymptomatic SDH mutation carriers have been analysed separately to define the penetrance in asymptomatic carriers (asymptomatic penetrance). RESULTS The combined data confirms that "asymptomatic penetrance" is highest for SDHD and when there is penetrance, the most likely site to develop a PGL is head and neck (SDHD) and extra-adrenal abdominal (SDHB). However, the risk in SDHB carriers of developing HNPGL is also high (35.5%) and a PCC is low (15.1%), and in SDHD carriers there is a high risk of developing a PCC (35.8%) or abdominal PGL (9.4%) and a small, but significant risk at other sympathetic sites. The data suggest that the risk of malignant transformation is the same for both PCC and extra-adrenal abdominal PGLs (30%-35%) in SDHB carriers. In SDHD carriers, the risk of malignant transformation was highest in HNPGLs (7.5%) and similar for sympathetic sites (3.8%-5.2%). CONCLUSIONS Using this data, we suggest surveillance screening of asymptomatic carriers can be tailored to the underlying SDH subunit and review possible surveillance programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tufton
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Scott A Akker
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Huang Y, Wang LA, Xie Q, Pang J, Wang L, Yi Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen R, Lan W, Zhang D, Jiang J. Germline SDHB and SDHD mutations in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1217-1225. [PMID: 30352407 PMCID: PMC6240141 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia, respectively. Of clinical relevance regarding diagnosis is the highly variable presentation of symptoms in PCC/PGL patients. To date, the clear-cut correlations between the genotypes and phenotypes of PCC/PGL have not been entirely established. In this study, we reviewed the medical records of PCC/PGL patients with pertinent clinical, laboratory and genetic information. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on patient samples revealed specific germline mutations in the SDHB (succinate dehydrogenase complex iron-sulfur subunit B) and SDHD (succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D) genes and these mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Of the 119 patients, two were identified with SDHB mutation and one with SDHD mutation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to analyze the expression of these mutated genes. The germline mutations identified in the SDH genes were c343C>T and c.541-542A>G in the SDHB gene and c.334-337delACTG in the SDHD gene. IHC staining of tumors from the c.343C>T and c.541-2A>G carriers showed positive expression of SDHB. Tumors from the c.334-337delACTG carrier showed no expression of SDHD and a weak diffused staining pattern for SDHB. We strongly recommend genetic testing for suspected PCC/PGL patients with a positive family history, early onset of age, erratic hypertension, recurrence or multiple tumor sites and loss of SDHB and/or SDHD expression. Tailored personal management should be conducted once a patient is confirmed as an SDHB and/or SDHD mutation carrier or diagnosed with PCC/PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-ang Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiubo Xie
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Lan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Vermalle M, Tabarin A, Castinetti F. [Hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: screening and follow-up strategies in asymptomatic mutation carriers]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2018; 79 Suppl 1:S10-S21. [PMID: 30213301 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(18)31234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma has deeply evolved over the last years due to the discovery of novel genes of susceptibility, especially SDHx, MAX and TMEM127. While the modalities of diagnosis and management of patients presenting with hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are now well defined, screening and follow-up strategies for asymptomatic mutation carriers remain a matter of debate. This raises major questions as these asymptomatic patients will require a lifelong follow-up. The aim of this review is an attempt to give insights on the optimal screening and follow-up strategies of asymptomatic carriers of SDHx, MAX and TMEM127 mutations, with additional thoughts on the forensic and psychological aspects of the management of such patients with rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vermalle
- Aix-Marseille université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), département d'endocrinologie, hôpital de la Conception, centre de référence des maladies rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, USN Haut-Leveque, 33000 CHU Bordeaux, université Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Aix-Marseille université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), département d'endocrinologie, hôpital de la Conception, centre de référence des maladies rares de l'hypophyse HYPO, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Petr EJ, Else T. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma in Neurofibromatosis type 1: frequent surgeries and cardiovascular crises indicate the need for screening. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 29977594 PMCID: PMC6013983 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-018-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are rare endocrine tumors that are mostly benign, but often hormone producing, causing significant morbidity and mortality due to excess catecholamine secretion and cardiovascular crises. It is estimated that 30% of PCC/PGL are due to germline mutations, including Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). There is little published data describing the phenotype of NF1-associated PCC/PGL and there are no established recommendations for PCC/PGL screening in NF1. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 17 patients with NF1-associated PCC/PGL who received care at a large academic referral center between the years of 1992-2016. Results Average age of diagnosis was 42 years old. Both genders were equally affected. Average tumor size was 3.9 cm. Nine patients were hypertensive; one had orthostatic hypotension; three had tachycardia; the remaining two patients had normal BP and HR. Most tumors were benign, unilateral adrenal tumors that were hormonally active. Two had metastatic disease. Six patients experienced cardiovascular crises; three of which occurred during elective surgeries for neurofibroma removal, and a fourth occurred during labor and delivery. Conclusion These data highlight the importance of screening for PCC/PGL in NF1, especially prior to surgical procedures and pregnancy, labor and delivery as these events can trigger a cardiovascular crisis. Screening is easily accomplished with plasma or urine free fractionated metanephrine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Joye Petr
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Health System, 24 Frank Lloyd Drive, Lobby C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Tobias Else
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Health System, Medical Science Research Building II, Office # 2560e, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Andrews KA, Ascher DB, Pires DEV, Barnes DR, Vialard L, Casey RT, Bradshaw N, Adlard J, Aylwin S, Brennan P, Brewer C, Cole T, Cook JA, Davidson R, Donaldson A, Fryer A, Greenhalgh L, Hodgson SV, Irving R, Lalloo F, McConachie M, McConnell VPM, Morrison PJ, Murday V, Park SM, Simpson HL, Snape K, Stewart S, Tomkins SE, Wallis Y, Izatt L, Goudie D, Lindsay RS, Perry CG, Woodward ER, Antoniou AC, Maher ER. Tumour risks and genotype-phenotype correlations associated with germline variants in succinate dehydrogenase subunit genes SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. J Med Genet 2018; 55:384-394. [PMID: 29386252 PMCID: PMC5992372 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline pathogenic variants in SDHB/SDHC/SDHD are the most frequent causes of inherited phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Insufficient information regarding penetrance and phenotypic variability hinders optimum management of mutation carriers. We estimate penetrance for symptomatic tumours and elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations in a large cohort of SDHB/SDHC/SDHD mutation carriers. METHODS A retrospective survey of 1832 individuals referred for genetic testing due to a personal or family history of phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma. 876 patients (401 previously reported) had a germline mutation in SDHB/SDHC/SDHD (n=673/43/160). Tumour risks were correlated with in silico structural prediction analyses. RESULTS Tumour risks analysis provided novel penetrance estimates and genotype-phenotype correlations. In addition to tumour type susceptibility differences for individual genes, we confirmed that the SDHD:p.Pro81Leu mutation has a distinct phenotype and identified increased age-related tumour risks with highly destabilising SDHB missense mutations. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the penetrance (cumulative risk of clinically apparent tumours) in SDHB and (paternally inherited) SDHD mutation-positive non-probands (n=371/67 with detailed clinical information) by age 60 years was 21.8% (95% CI 15.2% to 27.9%) and 43.2% (95% CI 25.4% to 56.7%), respectively. Risk of malignant disease at age 60 years in non-proband SDHB mutation carriers was 4.2%(95% CI 1.1% to 7.2%). With retrospective cohort analysis to adjust for ascertainment, cumulative tumour risks for SDHB mutation carriers at ages 60 years and 80 years were 23.9% (95% CI 20.9% to 27.4%) and 30.6% (95% CI 26.8% to 34.7%). CONCLUSIONS Overall risks of clinically apparent tumours for SDHB mutation carriers are substantially lower than initially estimated and will improve counselling of affected families. Specific genotype-tumour risk associations provides a basis for novel investigative strategies into succinate dehydrogenase-related mechanisms of tumourigenesis and the development of personalised management for SDHB/SDHC/SDHD mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Andrews
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Ascher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Eduardo Valente Pires
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsey Vialard
- West Midlands Regional Genetics service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth T Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Bradshaw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Simon Aylwin
- Department of Endocrinology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carole Brewer
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jackie A Cook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Donaldson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan Fryer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lynn Greenhalgh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shirley V Hodgson
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Irving
- Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle McConachie
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Vivienne P M McConnell
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Victoria Murday
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen L Simpson
- The Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Snape
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan Stewart
- West Midlands Regional Genetics service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan E Tomkins
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Yvonne Wallis
- West Midlands Regional Genetics service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Goudie
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert S Lindsay
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Colin G Perry
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Emma R Woodward
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- The Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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45
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Eijkelenkamp K, Olderode-Berends MJW, van der Luijt RB, Robledo M, van Dooren M, Feelders RA, de Vries J, Kerstens MN, Links TP, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA. Homozygous TMEM127 mutations in 2 patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1049-1056. [PMID: 29282712 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are hereditary in up to 50% of patients. The gene encoding transmembrane-protein-127 (TMEM127) is one of the PCC/PGL-susceptibility genes with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Here, we report 2 patients with bilateral PCC who both harbored a homozygous TMEM127-mutation. In a 31-year-old mentally retarded patient, the homozygous c.410-2A > G mutation was discovered during an update of DNA analysis. A 26-year-old mentally retarded patient was found to have a homozygous c.3G > A mutation. The parents of both patients were consanguineous. We reviewed previously reported clinical features of TMEM127 mutation carriers and compared our findings with case descriptions of homozygous mutations in other PGL/PCC-susceptibility genes. Homozygosity for an autosomal dominant inherited disorder is an extremely rare phenomenon and has, to our knowledge, not been reported before for the gene encoding TMEM127. In the present cases, the clinical picture does not seem to be very different from heterozygous TMEM127 mutation carriers, except for a relatively large tumor size and more pronounced plasma metanephrine concentration. It is unclear whether the mental retardation is causally related to homozygosity of the TMEM127 mutations. Updating genetic screening in patients in whom PCC/PGL has been diagnosed in the past should be considered as it might provide clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eijkelenkamp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J W Olderode-Berends
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R B van der Luijt
- Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M van Dooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J de Vries
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T P Links
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A N A van der Horst-Schrivers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Rednam SP, Erez A, Druker H, Janeway KA, Kamihara J, Kohlmann WK, Nathanson KL, States LJ, Tomlinson GE, Villani A, Voss SD, Schiffman JD, Wasserman JD. Von Hippel-Lindau and Hereditary Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Syndromes: Clinical Features, Genetics, and Surveillance Recommendations in Childhood. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 23:e68-e75. [PMID: 28620007 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau disease (vHL) is a hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome that places affected individuals at risk for multiple tumors, which are predominantly benign and generally occur in the central nervous system or abdomen. Although the majority of tumors occur in adults, children and adolescents with the condition develop a significant proportion of vHL manifestations and are vulnerable to delayed tumor detection and their sequelae. Although multiple tumor screening paradigms are currently being utilized for patients with vHL, surveillance should be reassessed as the available relevant clinical information continues to expand. We propose a new vHL screening paradigm similar to existing approaches, with important modifications for some tumor types, placing an emphasis on risks in childhood. This includes advancement in the timing of surveillance initiation and increased frequency of screening evaluations. Another neuroendocrine-related familial condition is the rapidly expanding hereditary paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma syndrome (HPP). The tumor spectrum for patients with HPP syndrome includes paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, renal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The majority of patients with HPP syndrome harbor an underlying variant in one of the SHDx genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHA, and SDHAF2), although other genes also have been described (MAX and TMEM127). Annual screening for elevated plasma or urine markers along with complete blood count and biennial whole-body MRI accompanied by focal neck MRI is recommended for older children and adults with HPP syndrome to detect tumors early and to decrease morbidity and mortality from HPP-related tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); e68-e75. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Rednam
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harriet Druker
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junne Kamihara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy K Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa J States
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gail E Tomlinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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47
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Calabrese FM, Clima R, Pignataro P, Lasorsa VA, Hogarty MD, Castellano A, Conte M, Tonini GP, Iolascon A, Gasparre G, Capasso M. A comprehensive characterization of rare mitochondrial DNA variants in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49246-49258. [PMID: 27351283 PMCID: PMC5226504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma, a tumor of the developing sympathetic nervous system, is a common childhood neoplasm that is often lethal. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been found in most tumors including neuroblastoma. We extracted mtDNA data from a cohort of neuroblastoma samples that had undergone Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and also used snap-frozen samples in which mtDNA was entirely sequenced by Sanger technology. We next undertook the challenge of determining those mutations that are relevant to, or arisen during tumor development. The bioinformatics pipeline used to extract mitochondrial variants from matched tumor/blood samples was enriched by a set of filters inclusive of heteroplasmic fraction, nucleotide variability, and in silico prediction of pathogenicity. Results Our in silico multistep workflow applied both on WES and Sanger-sequenced neuroblastoma samples, allowed us to identify a limited burden of somatic and germline mitochondrial mutations with a potential pathogenic impact. Conclusions The few singleton germline and somatic mitochondrial mutations emerged, according to our in silico analysis, do not appear to impact on the development of neuroblastoma. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that most mitochondrial somatic mutations can be considered as ‘passengers’ and consequently have no discernible effect in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Clima
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
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48
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Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in a Child with Bilateral Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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49
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Giant Cystic Pheochromocytoma with Low Risk of Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol Med 2017; 2017:4638608. [PMID: 28396811 PMCID: PMC5370478 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4638608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant pheochromocytomas are rare silent entities that do not present with the classical symptoms commonly seen in catecholamine-secreting tumors. In many cases they are accidentally discovered. The algorithm to diagnose a pheochromocytoma consists of biochemical evaluation and imaging of a retroperitoneal mass. The female patient in this case report presented with a palpable abdominal mass and was cured with surgical resection. She suffered no recurrence or complications on follow-up. The left retroperitoneal mass measured 27 × 18 × 12 cm and weighed 3,315 grams. Biochemical, radiological, and pathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma. In this paper, we report on our experience treating this patient and provide a summary of all giant pheochromocytomas greater than 10 cm reported to date in English language medical journals. Our patient's giant cystic pheochromocytoma was the fourth heaviest and fifth largest maximal diameter identified using our literature search criteria. Additionally, this tumor had the largest maximal diameter of all histologically confirmed benign/low metastatic risk pheochromocytomas. Giant cystic pheochromocytomas are rare entities requiring clinical suspicion coupled with strategic diagnostic evaluation to confirm the diagnosis.
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50
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Scollon S, Anglin AK, Thomas M, Turner JT, Wolfe Schneider K. A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Tumors and Associated Cancer Predisposition Syndromes. J Genet Couns 2017; 26:387-434. [PMID: 28357779 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the role of inherited cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric tumor diagnoses continues to develop as more information is learned through the application of genomic technology. Identifying patients and their relatives at an increased risk for developing cancer is an important step in the care of this patient population. The purpose of this review is to highlight various tumor types that arise in the pediatric population and the cancer predisposition syndromes associated with those tumors. The review serves as a guide for recognizing genes and conditions to consider when a pediatric cancer referral presents to the genetics clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Scollon
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, FC 1200, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | | | | | - Joyce T Turner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kami Wolfe Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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