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Nikitina E, Burk‐Körner A, Wiesenfarth M, Alwers E, Heide D, Tessmer C, Ernst C, Krunic D, Schrotz‐King P, Chang‐Claude J, von Winterfeld M, Herpel E, Brobeil A, Brenner H, Heikenwalder M, Hoffmeister M, Kopp‐Schneider A, Bund T. Bovine meat and milk factor protein expression in tumor-free mucosa of colorectal cancer patients coincides with macrophages and might interfere with patient survival. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1076-1092. [PMID: 36811271 PMCID: PMC11076986 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) are plasmid-like DNA molecules isolated from bovine milk and serum, as well as the peritumor of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. BMMFs have been proposed as zoonotic infectious agents and drivers of indirect carcinogenesis of CRC, inducing chronic tissue inflammation, radical formation and increased levels of DNA damage. Data on expression of BMMFs in large clinical cohorts to test an association with co-markers and clinical parameters were not previously available and were therefore assessed in this study. Tissue sections with paired tumor-adjacent mucosa and tumor tissues of CRC patients [individual cohorts and tissue microarrays (TMAs) (n = 246)], low-/high-grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) and mucosa of healthy donors were used for immunohistochemical quantification of the expression of BMMF replication protein (Rep) and CD68/CD163 (macrophages) by co-immunofluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemical scoring (TMA). Rep was expressed in the tumor-adjacent mucosa of 99% of CRC patients (TMA), was histologically associated with CD68+/CD163+ macrophages and was increased in CRC patients when compared to healthy controls. Tumor tissues showed only low stromal Rep expression. Rep was expressed in LGD and less in HGD but was strongly expressed in LGD/HGD-adjacent tissues. Albeit not reaching statistical significance, incidence curves for CRC-specific death were increased for higher Rep expression (TMA), with high tumor-adjacent Rep expression being linked to the highest incidence of death. BMMF Rep expression might represent a marker and early risk factor for CRC. The correlation between Rep and CD68 expression supports a previous hypothesis that BMMF-specific inflammatory regulations, including macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nikitina
- Division of Episomal‐persistent DNA in Cancer‐ and Chronic DiseasesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Amelie Burk‐Körner
- Division of Episomal‐persistent DNA in Cancer‐ and Chronic DiseasesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Manuel Wiesenfarth
- Division of BiostatisticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elizabeth Alwers
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Claudia Tessmer
- Monoclonal Antibody Unit of the Genomics and Proteomics Core FacilityGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Claudia Ernst
- Division of Episomal‐persistent DNA in Cancer‐ and Chronic DiseasesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy FacilityGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Petra Schrotz‐King
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Unit of Genetic EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfUniversity Cancer Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Moritz von Winterfeld
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergGermany
- Pathologie RosenheimGermany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergGermany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) HeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexander Brobeil
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergGermany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer ConsortiumGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Timo Bund
- Division of Episomal‐persistent DNA in Cancer‐ and Chronic DiseasesGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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Verner JM, Arbuthnott HF, Ramachandran R, Bharadwaj M, Chaudhury N, Jou E. Emerging roles of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in tumour pathogenesis and cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:296-315. [PMID: 38745765 PMCID: PMC11090689 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered class of innate immune cells found to have prominent roles in various human immune-related pathologies such as infection and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in cancer was largely unclear until recently, where several emerging studies over the past few years unanimously demonstrate ILCs to be critical players in tumour immunity. Being the innate counterpart of T cells, ILCs are potent cytokine producers through which they orchestrate the overall immune response upstream of adaptive immunity thereby modulating T cell function. Out of the major ILC subsets, ILC1s have gained significant traction as potential immunotherapeutic candidates due to their central involvement with the anti-tumour type 1 immune response. ILC1s are potent producers of the well-established anti-tumour cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ), and exert direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells in response to the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). However, in advanced diseases, ILC1s are found to demonstrate an exhausted phenotype in the tumour microenvironment (TME) with impaired effector functions, characterised by decreased responsiveness to cytokines and reduced IFNγ production. Tumour cells produce immunomodulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and IL-23, and through these suppress ILC1 anti-tumour actfivities and converts ILC1s to pro-tumoural ILC3s respectively, resulting in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ILC1s in tumour immunity, and discusses the exciting prospects of harnessing ILC1s for cancer immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with cytokine-based treatment. The exciting prospects of targeting the upstream innate immune system through ILC1s may surmount the limitations associated with adaptive immune T cell-based strategies used in the clinic currently, and overcome cancer immunotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghavskandhan Ramachandran
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, OX1 3BJ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manini Bharadwaj
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Chaudhury
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jou
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, OX2 6PN Oxford, United Kingdom
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Jeong J, Kang BH, Ju S, Park NY, Kim D, Dinh NTB, Lee J, Rhee CY, Cho DH, Kim H, Chung DK, Bunch H. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 lysates regulate hypoxia-induced gene expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6275. [PMID: 38491188 PMCID: PMC10943017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic responses have been implicated in critical pathologies, including inflammation, immunity, and tumorigenesis. Recently, efforts to identify effective natural remedies and health supplements are increasing. Previous studies have reported that the cell lysates and the cell wall-bound lipoteichoic acids of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 (K8) exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulative effects. However, the effect of K8 on cellular hypoxic responses remains unknown. In this study, we found that K8 lysates had a potent suppressive effect on gene expression under hypoxia. K8 lysates markedly downregulated hypoxia-induced HIF1α accumulation in the human bone marrow and lung cancer cell lines, SH-SY5Y and H460. Consequently, the transcription of known HIF1α target genes, such as p21, GLUT1, and ALDOC, was notably suppressed in the K8 lysate supplement and purified lipoteichoic acids of K8, upon hypoxic induction. Intriguingly, K8 lysates decreased the expression of PHD2 and VHL proteins, which are responsible for HIF1α destabilization under normoxic conditions, suggesting that K8 may regulate HIF1α stability in a non-canonical pathway. Overall, our results suggest that K8 lysates desensitize the cells to hypoxic stresses and suppress HIF1α-mediated hypoxic gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Jeong
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hee Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Ju
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioRearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Deukyeong Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Thi Bao Dinh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yun Rhee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioRearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Co. Ltd., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Li M, Tai Y, Xing Y, Zuo H, Jin X, Ma J. ZNF70 regulates IL-1β secretion of macrophages to promote the proliferation of HCT116 cells via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 pathway in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110979. [PMID: 38000525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key driver for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). It has been reported that inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, could promote CAC. Zinc finger protein 70 (ZNF70) is involved in multiple biological processes. Here, we identified a previously unknown role for ZNF70 regulates macrophages IL-1β secretion to promote HCT116 proliferation in CAC, and investigated its underlying mechanism. We showed ZNF70 is much higher expressed in CAC tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues in clinical CAC samples. Further experiments showed ZNF70 promoted macrophages IL-1β secretion and HCT116 proliferation. In LPS/ATP-stimulated THP-1 cells, we found ZNF70 activated NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in robust IL-1β secretion. Interestingly, we discovered the ZnF domain of ZNF70 could interact with NLRP3 and decrease the K48-linked ubiquitination of NLRP3. Moreover, ZNF70 could activate STAT3, thereby promoting IL-1β synthesis. Noteworthy, ZNF70 enhanced proliferation by upregulating STAT3 activation in HCT116 cells cultured in the conditioned medium of THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS/ATP. Finally, the vivo observations were confirmed using AAV-mediated ZNF70 knockdown, which improved colitis-associated colorectal cancer in the AOM/DSS model. The correlation between ZNF70 expression and overall survival/IL-1β expression in colorectal cancer was verified by TCGA database. Taken together, ZNF70 regulates macrophages IL-1β secretion to promote the HCT116 cells proliferation via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 pathway, suggesting that ZNF70 may be a promising preventive target for treating in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, East Binjiang Road, 3999, Jilin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yi Tai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongxiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Nguyen HT, Nguyen AQ. Willingness to Pay for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vietnam: Policy Implications From a Contingent Valuation Survey. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 38:29-37. [PMID: 37441860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy among the general population to provide evidence for policymakers in deciding whether to include them in the social health insurance benefit package and facilitate the pricing practice. METHODS The conventional double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey was used to determine the WTP. We recruited 402 people aged 50 to 75 who came to 3 primary healthcare clinics in Hanoi from February 2019 to April 2019. The questionnaire was built based on the pilot research with a 5-bid design, that is, the starting bids of US $4.05, 6.75, 13.51, 21.01, and 36.47 for FOBT and US $21.01, 40.52, 54.03, 81.04, and 182.34 for colonoscopy. The data analysis was performed using the DCchoice package version 3.5.1. Cost in Vietnam dong is converted to 2022 US $using purchasing power parity method. RESULTS A total of 7.2% of participants refused to pay for FOBT and colonoscopy. Analysis of the univariate model showed that the mean and median WTP for FOBT were US $62.08 and 45.28. The mean and median WTP for colonoscopy were US $101.61 and 78.61. When adjusting the WTP value by related factors, the mean and median WTP estimates for FOBT were almost the same. The choice of WTP for FOBT and colonoscopy was statistically associated with several variables. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the inclusion of FOBT and colonoscopy into the social health insurance benefits package. This study also supports policymakers in pricing practice to optimize the uptake rate of colorectal cancer screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Ionescu VA, Gheorghe G, Bacalbasa N, Chiotoroiu AL, Diaconu C. Colorectal Cancer: From Risk Factors to Oncogenesis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1646. [PMID: 37763765 PMCID: PMC10537191 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, such as abnormal cell proliferation, cell differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, invasion of structures adjacent to colorectal tumor cells, and distant metastasis, are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. These processes are initiated by the complex interaction of a number of genetic and environmental factors, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, or gut microbiota. Despite the significant progress achieved in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with colorectal cancer, there has been recently a noteworthy increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals below the age of 50 years. Early-onset colorectal cancer has a different frequency of oncogenic mutations, a higher prevalence of mucinous histology, a distinct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile, a more distal location, and lower survival rates. A significant improvement in the prognosis of these patients can be achieved through the detection and removal of modifiable risk factors, along with the implementation of personalized screening strategies for individuals at high risk for this malignancy. Furthermore, gaining comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which these risk factors contribute to the process of oncogenesis may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Alexandru Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Mollecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Gheorghe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Department of Cellular and Mollecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Camelia Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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Ogino T, Mizushima T, Fujii M, Sekido Y, Eguchi H, Nezu R, Ikeuchi H, Motoi U, Futami K, Okamoto K, Nagahara H, Watanabe K, Okabayashi K, Yamada K, Ohge H, Tanaka S, Mizuuchi Y, Ohkita Y, Sato Y, Ueno H, Kono T, Itabashi M, Kimura H, Hida K, Kinugasa Y, Takahashi K, Koyama F, Hanai T, Maeda K, Noake T, Shimada Y, Yamamoto T, Arakaki J, Mastuda K, Okuda J, Sunami E, Akagi Y, Kastumata K, Uehara K, Yamada T, Sasaki S, Ishihara S, Ajioka Y, Sugihara K. Crohn's Disease-Associated Anorectal Cancer Has a Poor Prognosis With High Local Recurrence: A Subanalysis of the Nationwide Japanese Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:1626-1637. [PMID: 36988310 PMCID: PMC10453357 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major life-threatening complications in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Previous studies of CD-associated CRC (CD-CRC) have involved only small numbers of patients, and no large series have been reported from Asia. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognosis and clinicopathological features of CD-CRC compared with sporadic CRC. METHODS A large nationwide database was used to identify patients with CD-CRC (n = 233) and sporadic CRC (n = 129,783) over a 40-year period, from 1980 to 2020. Five-year overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. The prognosis of CD-CRC was further evaluated in groups divided by colon cancer and anorectal cancer (RC). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding by unbalanced covariables. RESULTS Compared with sporadic cases, patients with CD-CRC were younger; more often had RC, multiple lesions, and mucinous adenocarcinoma; and had lower R0 resection rates. Five-year OS was worse for CD-CRC than for sporadic CRC (53.99% vs 71.17%, P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that CD was associated with significantly poorer survival (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-3.62, P < 0.0001). Evaluation by tumor location showed significantly worse 5-year OS and RFS of CD-RC compared with sporadic RC. Recurrence was identified in 39.57% of CD-RC cases and was mostly local. DISCUSSION Poor prognosis of CD-CRC is attributable primarily to RC and high local recurrence. Local control is indispensable to improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riichiro Nezu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Central Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeuchi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Uchino Motoi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kitaro Futami
- Department of Surgery, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Kinya Okamoto
- Department of Coloproctology, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazutaka Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizuuchi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohkita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Advanced Surgery Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michio Itabashi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kimura
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koya Hida
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takahashi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hanai
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Junya Arakaki
- Center for Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Urasoe General Hospital, Urasoe, Japan
| | - Keiji Mastuda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Okuda
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Eiji Sunami
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenji Kastumata
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kay Uehara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Sasaki
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Department of Pathology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Yang YJ. Current status of image-enhanced endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Endosc 2023; 56:563-577. [PMID: 37793436 PMCID: PMC10565434 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2023.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation leads to unfavorable clinical outcomes and increases the risk of developing colorectal neoplasm (CRN); thereby highlighting the importance of endoscopically evaluating disease activity as well as detecting and characterizing CRN in patients with IBD. With recent advances in image-enhanced endoscopic (IEE) technologies, especially virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) platforms, this review discusses state-of-the-art IEE techniques and their applicability in assessing disease activity and surveillance colonoscopy in patients with IBD. Among various IEE, VCE demonstrated the capacity to identify quiescent disease activity. And endoscopic remission defined by the new scoring system using VCE platform better predicted clinical outcomes, which may benefit the tailoring of therapeutic strategies in patients with IBD. High-definition dye-chromoendoscopy (HD-DCE) is numerically superior to high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) in detecting CRN in IBD; however, discrepancy is observed in the statistical significance. VCE showed comparable performance in detecting dysplasia to HD-WLE or DCE and potential for optical diagnosis to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions during surveillance colonoscopy. Applying these novel advanced IEE technologies would provide opportunities for personalized medicine in IBD and optimal treatment of CRN in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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9
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Park J, Park SJ, Park JJ, Kim TI, Cheon JH. Long-term clinical outcomes of intestinal Behçet's disease: A 30-year cohort study at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:386-392. [PMID: 36346041 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to identify the long-term clinical outcomes of and prognostic factors for intestinal Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS A cohort of 780 patients with intestinal BD between 1997 and 2021 was investigated to determine long-term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors at an inflammatory bowel disease clinic at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. RESULTS During the median follow-up period of 12.7 ± 7.2 years, 5-aminosalicylic acids, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agents were required in 94.9%, 67.2%, 43.8%, and 14.6% of the patients, respectively. The cumulative rates of anti-TNF-α use were 3.7%, 7.5%, 8.5%, 12.1%, 17.6%, and 24.0%, and those for abdominal surgery were 5.7%, 10.9%, 12.6%, 16.5%, 21.6%, and 28.3%, at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively, after initial diagnosis of intestinal BD. The cumulative rates of hospitalization were 11.8%, 21.9%, 27.9%, 38.8%, 54.4%, and 74.8%, and those of emergency room visits were 10.0%, 19.8%, 22.7%, 31.6%, 50.0%, and 65.0% at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 years. Older age at primary diagnosis, previous appendectomy history, higher disease activity index for intestinal Behçet's disease score, systemic BD, multiple intestinal ulcers, deep intestinal ulcers, higher C-reactive protein, lower hemoglobin, and lower albumin levels were associated with poor prognosis. Married status, higher body mass index, oral ulceration, and arthritis were negatively associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Data on the long-term clinical outcomes of intestinal BD and their prognostic factors could guide physicians in patient monitoring and in optimizing individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Genetic and Small-Molecule Modulation of Stat3 in a Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237020. [PMID: 36498596 PMCID: PMC9736649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastro-intestinal tract (GI) and is associated with an increased risk of gastro-intestinal cancer. In the current study, we determined the role of genetic and small-molecule modulation of STAT3 in a mouse model of CD. STAT3 has 2 isoforms (α, β) which are expressed in most cells in a 4:1 ratio (α: β). STAT3α has pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while STAT3β has contrasting roles. We used an animal model of CD consisting of intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and examined the severity of CD in transgenic-mice that express only STAT3α (∆β/∆β), as well as in wild-type (WT) mice administered TTI-101 (formerly C188-9), a small molecule STAT3 inhibitor. We determined that clinical manifestations of CD, such as mortality, rectal-bleeding, colonic bleeding, diarrhea, and colon shortening, were exacerbated in ∆β/∆β transgenic versus cage-control WT mice, while they were markedly decreased by TTI-101 treatment of WT mice. TTI-101 treatment also increased apoptosis of pathogenic CD4+ T cells and reduced colon levels of IL-17-positive cells. Our results indicate that STAT3 contributes to CD and that targeting of STAT3 with TTI-101 may be a useful approach to treating CD.
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11
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Du JM, Qian MJ, Yuan T, Chen RH, He QJ, Yang B, Ling Q, Zhu H. cGAS and cancer therapy: a double-edged sword. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2202-2211. [PMID: 35042992 PMCID: PMC9433456 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate adenosine synthetase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that detects and binds to cytosolic DNA to generate cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). As a second messenger, cGAMP mainly activates the adapter protein STING, which induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. Mounting evidence shows that cGAS is extensively involved in the innate immune response, senescence, and tumor immunity, thereby exhibiting a tumor-suppressive function, most of which is mediated by the STING pathway. In contrast, cGAS can also act as an oncogenic factor, mostly by increasing genomic instability through inhibitory effects on DNA repair, suggesting its utility as an antitumor target. This article reviews the roles and the underlying mechanisms of cGAS in cancer, particularly focusing on its dual roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which are probably attributable to its classical and nonclassical functions, as well as approaches targeting cGAS for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mei-Jia Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui-Han Chen
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- The Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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12
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Diverticulitis does not increase the long-term risk of developing colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1945-1952. [PMID: 36042030 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review was to examine if diverticulitis increases the long-term risk (> 6 months) of developing colon cancer. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Google Scholar was also searched. We included studies with human adults of 18 years of age and above. Studies that included only patients with diverticulitis as well as studies comparing groups with and without diverticulitis were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of colon cancer 6 months or more after an episode of diverticulitis. RESULTS Twelve records were included with 38,621 patients with diverticulitis. The crude rate of colon cancer among the prospectively followed populations with diverticulitis was by meta-analysis found to be 0.6% (95% CI 0.5-0.6%). The limitations of this review include heterogeneous reporting of outcomes across studies, specifically regarding population and outcome as well as variations in the design and reporting of the studies. CONCLUSION We found that the long-term risk of colon cancer after diverticulitis is not increased. The results of our review support current practice on follow-up after an episode of diverticulitis with short-term follow-up being the primary focus.
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13
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Xing C, Du Y, Duan T, Nim K, Chu J, Wang HY, Wang RF. Interaction between microbiota and immunity and its implication in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963819. [PMID: 35967333 PMCID: PMC9373904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Besides genetic causes, colonic inflammation is one of the major risk factors for CRC development, which is synergistically regulated by multiple components, including innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokine signaling, and microbiota. The complex interaction between CRC and the gut microbiome has emerged as an important area of current CRC research. Metagenomic profiling has identified a number of prominent CRC-associated bacteria that are enriched in CRC patients, linking the microbiota composition to colitis and cancer development. Some microbiota species have been reported to promote colitis and CRC development in preclinical models, while a few others are identified as immune modulators to induce potent protective immunity against colitis and CRC. Mechanistically, microbiota regulates the activation of different immune cell populations, inflammation, and CRC via crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), type I interferon, and inflammasome. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential interactions between gut microbiota and host immunity and how their crosstalk could synergistically regulate inflammation and CRC, thus highlighting the potential roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in the development of microbiota-based therapies to prevent or alleviate colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Nim
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Straker RJ, Shannon AB, Roses RR, Fraker DL, Mahmoud NN, Miura JT, Karakousis GC. Implications of Lymph Node Evaluation in Crohn's Patients with Small-Bowel Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:1311-1313. [PMID: 34845652 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Straker
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 4 Maloney, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Adrienne B Shannon
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Roses
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas L Fraker
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Najjia N Mahmoud
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John T Miura
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Stojsavljević A, Sokić-Milutinović A, Rovčanin B, Tončev L, Manojlović D. Profiling of Circulatory Elements Reveals Alteration of Essential and Toxic Trace Metals in Crohn's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2572-2580. [PMID: 34357515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The status of essential and toxic trace metals in the blood of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is unexplained. This study aimed to provide the first elemental profiling of the most recognized essential elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Se) and selected toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Pb, and U) in sera and cell lysate (CL) samples of CD patients (n = 84). The results were compared with sex- and age-matched samples from the control group (CG). CD sera contained significantly higher levels of Mn, As, Cd, Pb, and U than did CG sera. An identical pattern, with the added inclusion of Cu (also higher in CD patients than in the CG), was obtained for CL samples. However, the most important finding was hypermanganesemia, which indicates that Mn could act as a toxic trace metal in CD. As, Cd, and U were the most significant toxic elements that showed antagonistic effects on the extrusion of essential Mn and Cu. Circulatory system screening markers for CD are hereby proposed (Mn/Cu, Mn/As, and Mn/Pb ratios). These three metal ratios were strongly and significantly correlated with F-Calprotectin levels, and deserve consideration as new markers of CD. The target metals and metal ratios should be taken into consideration as novel initiating and/or modifying factors for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Sokić-Milutinović
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Tončev
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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16
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Khanduri A, Musthalaya NB, Singh A, Gupta J, Gupta R. Incidental Intestinal Schwannoma in a Patient of Ulcerative Colitis With Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e22343. [PMID: 35371709 PMCID: PMC8938208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Metabolomics and the Multi-Omics View of Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020154. [PMID: 35208228 PMCID: PMC8880085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely regarded to be a genetic disease. Indeed, over the past five decades, the genomic perspective on cancer has come to almost completely dominate the field. However, this genome-only view is incomplete and tends to portray cancer as a disease that is highly heritable, driven by hundreds of complex genetic interactions and, consequently, difficult to prevent or treat. New evidence suggests that cancer is not as heritable or purely genetic as once thought and that it really is a multi-omics disease. As highlighted in this review, the genome, the exposome, and the metabolome all play roles in cancer’s development and manifestation. The data presented here show that >90% of cancers are initiated by environmental exposures (the exposome) which lead to cancer-inducing genetic changes. The resulting genetic changes are, then, propagated through the altered DNA of the proliferating cancer cells (the genome). Finally, the dividing cancer cells are nourished and sustained by genetically reprogrammed, cancer-specific metabolism (the metabolome). As shown in this review, all three “omes” play roles in initiating cancer. Likewise, all three “omes” interact closely, often providing feedback to each other to sustain or enhance tumor development. Thanks to metabolomics, these multi-omics feedback loops are now much more evident and their roles in explaining the hallmarks of cancer are much better understood. Importantly, this more holistic, multi-omics view portrays cancer as a disease that is much more preventable, easier to understand, and potentially, far more treatable.
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18
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Fanale D, Corsini LR, Scalia R, Brando C, Cucinella A, Madonia G, Dimino A, Filorizzo C, Barraco N, Bono M, Fiorino A, Magrin L, Sciacchitano R, Perez A, Russo TDB, Pantuso G, Russo A, Bazan V. Can the tumor-agnostic evaluation of MSI/MMR status be the common denominator for the immunotherapy treatment of patients with several solid tumors? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103597. [PMID: 35033663 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in short-repetitive DNA sequences, known as microsatellite instability (MSI), can reflect deficiencies in Mismatch Repair (MMR) system which represents a major player in DNA integrity maintenance. The incidence of MSI-H/dMMR has been shown to be variable depending on the tumor type. Several studies confirmed that dMMR/MSI status, although less frequent than PD-L1 expression, may better predict response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with solid tumors. In October 2016, the FDA granted pembrolizumab as breakthrough therapy for the treatment of non-CRC, MSI-H/dMMR tumors, providing, for the first time, a tumor-agnostic indication. In the next future, the tissue-agnostic evaluation of MSI-H/dMMR could become the common denominator for the immunotherapy treatment of patients with different advanced solid tumors, in order to select patient subgroups which may benefit from this therapy. In this Review we provided an overview of the main clinical studies describing the association between MSI-H/dMMR tumors and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raimondo Scalia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucinella
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Madonia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dimino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Clarissa Filorizzo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Fiorino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Magrin
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciacchitano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianni Pantuso
- Unit of Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Rabinowitz LG, Kumta NA, Marion JF. Beyond the SCENIC route: updates in chromoendoscopy and dysplasia screening in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:30-37. [PMID: 34363806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren Galler Rabinowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikhil A Kumta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James F Marion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Abumustafa W, Zamer BA, Khalil BA, Hamad M, Maghazachi AA, Muhammad JS. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 in colorectal carcinoma: Insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112368. [PMID: 34794114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme is one of the eight canonical PRMTs, classified as a type II PRMT, induces arginine monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation. PRMT5 is known to be overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where its overexpression is associated with poor survival. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of PRMT5 induces tumor growth and metastasis in CRC. Moreover, various novel PRMT5 inhibitors tested on CRC cell lines showed promising anticancer effects. Also, it was suggested that PRMT5 could be a valid biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of PRMT5-mediated CRC carcinogenesis could provide new avenues towards developing a targeted therapy. In this study, we started with in silico analysis correlating PRMT5 expression in CRC patients as a prelude to further our investigation of its role in CRC. We then carried out a comprehensive review of the scientific literature that dealt with the role(s) of PRMT5 in CRC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Also, we have summarized key findings from in vitro research using various therapeutic agents and strategies directly targeting PRMT5 or disrupting its function. In conclusion, PRMT5 seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CRC; therefore, its prognostic and therapeutic potential merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Abumustafa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Batoul Abi Zamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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21
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Sompel K, Elango A, Smith AJ, Tennis MA. Cancer chemoprevention through Frizzled receptors and EMT. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:32. [PMID: 34604862 PMCID: PMC8429367 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) transmembrane receptors are well known for their role in β-catenin signaling and development and now understanding of their role in the context of cancer is growing. FZDs are often associated with the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through β-catenin, but some also influence EMT through non-canonical pathways. With ten different FZDs, there is a wide range of activity from oncogenic to tumor suppressive depending on the tissue context. Alterations in FZD signaling can occur during development of premalignant lesions, supporting their potential as targets of chemoprevention agents. Agonizing or antagonizing FZD activity may affect EMT, which is a key process in lesion progression often targeted by chemoprevention agents. Recent studies identified a specific FZD as important for activity of an EMT inhibiting chemopreventive agent and other studies have highlighted the previously unrecognized potential for targeting small molecules to FZD receptors. This work demonstrates the value of investigating FZDs in chemoprevention and here we provide a review of FZDs in cancer EMT and their potential as chemoprevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. Elango
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. J. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - M. A. Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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22
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Emoto S, Homma S, Yoshida T, Ichikawa N, Miyaoka Y, Matsui H, Takahashi R, Ishido K, Otsuka T, Mitsuhashi T, Katsurada T, Taketomi A. Transperineal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer on the residual rectum after multiple abdominal surgeries in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:122. [PMID: 33983535 PMCID: PMC8119543 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improved prognosis of Crohn's disease may increase the opportunities of surgical treatment for patients with Crohn's disease and the risk of development of colorectal cancer. We herein describe a patient with Crohn's disease and a history of multiple surgeries who developed rectal stump carcinoma that was treated laparoscopically and transperineally. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old man had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease 35 years earlier and had undergone several operations for treatment of Crohn's colitis. Colonoscopic examination was performed and revealed rectal cancer at the residual rectum. The patient was then referred to our department. The tumor was diagnosed as clinical T2N0M0, Stage I. We treated the tumor by combination of laparoscopic surgery and concomitant transperineal resection of the rectum. While the intra-abdominal adhesion was dissected laparoscopically, rectal dissection in the correct plane progressed by the transperineal approach. The rectal cancer was resected without involvement of the resection margin. The duration of the operation was 3 h 48 min, the blood loss volume was 50 mL, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was type 5 well- and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, pT2N0, Stage I. No recurrence was evident 3 months after the operation, and no adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. CONCLUSION The transperineal approach might be useful in patients with Crohn's disease who develop rectal cancer after multiple abdominal surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Emoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Shigenori Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuki Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keita Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takuya Otsuka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Takehiko Katsurada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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23
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Chalhoub G, Kolleritsch S, Maresch LK, Taschler U, Pajed L, Tilp A, Eisner H, Rosina P, Kien B, Radner FPW, Schicho R, Oberer M, Schoiswohl G, Haemmerle G. Carboxylesterase 2 proteins are efficient diglyceride and monoglyceride lipases possibly implicated in metabolic disease. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100075. [PMID: 33872605 PMCID: PMC8131317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2/Ces2) proteins exert established roles in (pro)drug metabolism. Recently, human and murine CES2/Ces2c have been discovered as triglyceride (TG) hydrolases implicated in the development of obesity and fatty liver disease. The murine Ces2 family consists of seven homologous genes as opposed to a single CES2 gene in humans. However, the mechanistic role of Ces2 protein family members is not completely understood. In this study, we examined activities of all Ces2 members toward TGs, diglycerides (DGs), and monoglycerides (MGs) as the substrate. Besides CES2/Ces2c, we measured significant TG hydrolytic activities for Ces2a, Ces2b, and Ces2e. Notably, these Ces2 members and CES2 efficiently hydrolyzed DGs and MGs, and their activities even surpassed those measured for TG hydrolysis. The localization of CES2/Ces2c proteins at the ER may implicate a role of these lipases in lipid signaling pathways. We found divergent expression of Ces2 genes in the liver and intestine of mice on a high-fat diet, which could relate to changes in lipid signaling. Finally, we demonstrate reduced CES2 expression in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and a similar decline in Ces2 expression in the colon of a murine colitis model. Together, these results demonstrate that CES2/Ces2 members are highly efficient DG and MG hydrolases that may play an important role in liver and gut lipid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lisa K Maresch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Tilp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helgit Eisner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Rosina
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benedikt Kien
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Vetter LE, Merkel S, Bénard A, Krautz C, Brunner M, Mittelstädt A, Schlegel N, Wiegering A, Germer CT, Weber K, Grützmann R, Weber GF. Colorectal cancer in Crohn's colitis is associated with advanced tumor invasion and a poorer survival compared with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective dual-center study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:141-150. [PMID: 32918621 PMCID: PMC7782386 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is a well-recognized complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's colitis (CC). In this study, we assess the clinico-pathological features and outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer from UC in comparison with CC. METHODS Data of all patients with colitis-associated cancer (CAC) who underwent surgery at Erlangen or Würzburg University Clinic between 1995 and 2015 were selected. Clinical, histopathological, and survival data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Of all 88 patients with CAC, 20 patients had Crohn's colitis and 68 patients had ulcerative colitis. We observed a young median age at tumor diagnosis (49.5 years UC; 45.5 years CC, p = 0.208) in both diseases and a long median disease duration before CAC (19 years UC; 18 years CC; p = 0.840). Patients with CC suffered more often from rectal cancer (14 (70.0%) in CC; 23 (33.8%) in UC; p = 0.005) and advanced tumor stages (8 (47.0%) pT4 in CC; 14 (25.0%) pT4/ypT4 in UC; p = 0.008). Five-year overall survival rate was 39.3% for CC and 67.1% for UC (p = 0.009 for difference between the groups). Survival did not differ significantly between UC and CC in the multivariate analysis after correction for UICC tumor stage. CONCLUSION CAC in CC showed advanced tumor stages associated with reduced survival compared with CAC in UC. This may be explained by less intense surveillance in patients with CC leading to delayed cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie E Vetter
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alan Bénard
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Krautz
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brunner
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Mittelstädt
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Weber
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Microbial Signature in Adipose Tissue of Crohn's Disease Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082448. [PMID: 32751800 PMCID: PMC7465250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by compromised immune tolerance to the intestinal commensal microbiota, intestinal barrier inflammation, and hyperplasia of creeping fat (CF) and mesenteric adipose tissue (AT), which seems to be directly related to disease activity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might be a determining factor in CD etiology, manifesting as a low microbial diversity and a high abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that CF is a reservoir of bacteria through 16S-rRNA sequencing of several AT depots of patients with active and inactive disease and controls. We found a microbiome signature within CF and mesenteric AT from patients, but not in subcutaneous fat. We failed to detect bacterial DNA in any fat depot of controls. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both CF and mesenteric AT, and positively correlated with fecal calprotectin/C-reactive protein. Notably, the clinical status of patients seemed to be related to the microbiome signature, as those with the inactive disease showed a reduction in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Predictive functional profiling revealed many metabolic pathways including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and sulfur metabolism overrepresented in active CD relative to that in inactive CD. Our findings demonstrate that microbiota dysbiosis associated with CD pathophysiology is reflected in AT and might contribute to disease severity.
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26
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Nebbia M, Yassin NA, Spinelli A. Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2020; 33:305-317. [PMID: 32968366 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the incidence has declined over the past 30 years, which is probably attributed to raise awareness, successful CRC surveillance programs and improved control of mucosal inflammation through chemoprevention. The risk factors for IBD-related CRC include more severe disease (as reflected by the extent of disease and the duration of poorly controlled disease), family history of CRC, pseudo polyps, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and male sex. The molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory epithelium might play a critical role in the development of CRC. IBD-related CRC is characterized by fewer rectal tumors, more synchronous and poorly differentiated tumors compared with sporadic cancers. There is no significant difference in sex distribution, stage at presentation, or survival. Surveillance is vital for the detection and subsequently management of dysplasia. Most guidelines recommend initiation of surveillance colonoscopy at 8 to 10 years after IBD diagnosis, followed by subsequent surveillance of 1 to 2 yearly intervals. Traditionally, surveillance colonoscopies with random colonic biopsies were used. However, recent data suggest that high definition and chromoendoscopy are better methods of surveillance by improving sensitivity to previously "invisible" flat dysplastic lesions. Management of dysplasia, timing of surveillance, chemoprevention, and the surgical approaches are all areas that stimulate various discussions. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date focus on CRC in IBD, from laboratory to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nebbia
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nuha A Yassin
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
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27
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Dotimas J, Das M, Martin D. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the setting of anti-tumor necrosis factor and immunomodulator therapy: A case report and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020; 8:2050313X20937223. [PMID: 32655868 PMCID: PMC7328350 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20937223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy is well recognized as increasing the risk of lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides is a rare cutaneous form of T-cell lymphoma with a largely unknown etiology and not typically associated with immunosuppression. In this article, we describe our encounter with a 24-year-old male with Crohn’s disease in remission on immunotherapy, specifically dual therapy with azathioprine and infliximab, presenting with a facial rash found to be consistent with mycosis fungoides on biopsy. The patient’s rash resolved with treatment of topical steroids. In addition, the decision was made to discontinue his azathioprine to minimize his risks of developing future malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dotimas
- The University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Manjusha Das
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
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28
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Ma J, Sun L, Liu Y, Ren H, Shen Y, Bi F, Zhang T, Wang X. Alter between gut bacteria and blood metabolites and the anti-tumor effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32272885 PMCID: PMC7144064 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Results Total 49 significantly different flora and 26 different metabolites were screened between two groups, and the correlation was calculated. Relative abudance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were decreased, while relative abundance of verrucomicrobla, proteobacteria and actinobacteria was increased in breast cancer group. Differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, choline metabolism in cancer and arachidonic acid metabolism. Lipid upregulation was found in breast cancer patients, especially phosphorocholine. The abundance of Faecalibacterium was reduced in breast cancer patients, which was negatively correlated with various phosphorylcholines. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the most well-known species in Faecalibacterium genus, could inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the phosphorylation of Janus kinases 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii also suppressed the proliferation and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, while these effects disappeared after adding recombinant human IL-6. Conclusions Flora-metabolites combined with the flora-bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium combined with phosphorocholine) might a new detection method for breast cancer. Faecalibacterium may be helpful for prevention of breast cancer. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Lingqi Sun
- Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China.,Department of Neurology, The Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Departments of Breast Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 200000, PR China
| | - Yali Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China.
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29
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Pothuraju R, Krishn SR, Gautam SK, Pai P, Ganguly K, Chaudhary S, Rachagani S, Kaur S, Batra SK. Mechanistic and Functional Shades of Mucins and Associated Glycans in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E649. [PMID: 32168759 PMCID: PMC7139953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus serves as the chief protective barrier against pathogenic and mechanical insults in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. Altered mucin expression, the major component of mucus, in conjunction with differential glycosylation has been strongly associated with both benign and malignant pathologies of colon. Mucins and their associated glycans arbitrate their impact sterically as well as mechanically by altering molecular and microbial spectrum during pathogenesis. Mucin expression in normal and pathological conditions is regulated by nonspecific (dietary factors and gut microbiota) and specific (epigenetic and transcriptional) modulators. Further, recent studies highlight the impact of altering mucin glycome (cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens including Tn, Sialyl-Tn, Sialyl-Lew A, and Sialyl-Lewis X) on host immunomodulation, antitumor immunity, as well as gut microbiota. In light of emerging literature, the present review article digs into the impact of structural organization and of expressional and glycosylation alteration of mucin family members on benign and malignant pathologies of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Priya Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.P.); (S.R.K.); (S.K.G.); (P.P.); (K.G.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (S.K.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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30
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Seguella L, Rinaldi F, Marianecci C, Capuano R, Pesce M, Annunziata G, Casano F, Bassotti G, Sidoni A, Milone M, Aprea G, de Palma GD, Carafa M, Pesce M, Esposito G, Sarnelli G. Pentamidine niosomes thwart S100B effects in human colon carcinoma biopsies favouring wtp53 rescue. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3053-3063. [PMID: 32022398 PMCID: PMC7077541 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
S100B protein bridges chronic mucosal inflammation and colorectal cancer given its ability to activate NF-kappaB transcription via RAGE signalling and sequestrate pro-apoptotic wtp53. Being an S100B inhibitor, pentamidine antagonizes S100B-wtp53 interaction, restoring wtp53-mediated pro-apoptotic control in cancer cells in several types of tumours. The expression of S100B, pro-inflammatory molecules and wtp53 protein was evaluated in human biopsies deriving from controls, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer patients at baseline (a) and (b) following S100B targeting with niosomal PENtamidine VEhiculation (PENVE), to maximize drug permeabilization in the tissue. Cultured biopsies underwent immunoblot, EMSA, ELISA and biochemical assays for S100B and related pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic proteins. Exogenous S100B (0.005-5 μmol/L) alone, or in the presence of PENVE (0.005-5 μmol/L), was tested in control biopsies while PENVE (5 μmol/L) was evaluated on control, peritumoral, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer biopsies. Our data show that S100B level progressively increases in control, peritumoral, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer enabling a pro-inflammatory/angiogenic and antiapoptotic environment, featured by iNOS, VEGF and IL-6 up-regulation and wtp53 and Bax inhibition. PENVE inhibited S100B activity, reducing its capability to activate RAGE/phosphor-p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB and favouring its disengagement with wtp53. PENVE blocks S100B activity and rescues wtp53 expression determining pro-apoptotic control in colon cancer, suggesting pentamidine as a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ITT), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Capuano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Pesce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Casano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Pathology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aprea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) was originally identified in natural killer (NK) cells activated by IL-2 in 1992. Thus, it was named NK cell transcript 4 (NK4) because of its unknown function at that time. The function of IL-32 has been elucidated over the last decade. IL-32 is primarily considered to be a booster of inflammatory reactions because it is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulates the production of those cytokines and vice versa. Therefore, many studies have been devoted to studying the roles of IL-32 in inflammation-associated cancers, including gastric, colon cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time, roles of IL-32 have also been discovered in other cancers. Collectively, IL-32 fosters the tumor progression by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated cytokines and metalloproteinase production, as well as stimulation of differentiation into immunosuppressive cell types in some cancer types. However, it is also able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and enhance NK and cytotoxic T cell sensitivity in other cancer types. In this review, we will address the function of each IL-32 isoform in different cancer types studied to date, and suggest further strategies to comprehensively elucidate the roles of IL-32 in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Han
- Research Institute for Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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32
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Jaballah-Gabteni A, Tounsi H, Kabbage M, Hamdi Y, Elouej S, Ben Ayed I, Medhioub M, Mahmoudi M, Dallali H, Yaiche H, Ben Jemii N, Maaloul A, Mezghani N, Abdelhak S, Hamzaoui L, Azzouz M, Boubaker S. Identification of novel pathogenic MSH2 mutation and new DNA repair genes variants: investigation of a Tunisian Lynch syndrome family with discordant twins. J Transl Med 2019; 17:212. [PMID: 31248416 PMCID: PMC6598283 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lynch syndrome (LS) is a highly penetrant inherited cancer predisposition syndrome, characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Despite several genetic variations that have been identified in various populations, the penetrance is highly variable and the reasons for this have not been fully elucidated. This study investigates whether, besides pathogenic mutations, environment and low penetrance genetic risk factors may result in phenotype modification in a Tunisian LS family. Patients and methods A Tunisian family with strong colorectal cancer (CRC) history that fulfill the Amsterdam I criteria for the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome was proposed for oncogenetic counseling. The index case was a man, diagnosed at the age of 33 years with CRC. He has a monozygotic twin diagnosed at the age of 35 years with crohn disease. Forty-seven years-old was the onset age of his paternal uncle withCRC. An immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling for the four proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) of the MisMatchRepair (MMR) system was performed for the index case. A targeted sequencing of MSH2, MLH1 and a panel of 85 DNA repair genes was performed for the index case and for his unaffected father. Results The IHC results showed a loss of MSH2 but not MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 proteins expression. Genomic DNA screening, by targeted DNA repair genes sequencing, revealed an MSH2 pathogenic mutation (c.1552C>T; p.Q518X), confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This mutation was suspected to be a causal mutation associated to the loss of MSH2 expression and it was found in first and second degree relatives. The index case has smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Moreover, he harbors extensive genetic variations in other DNA-repair genes not shared with his unaffected father. Conclusion In our investigated Tunisian family, we confirmed the LS by IHC, molecular and in silico investigations. We identified a novel pathogenic mutation described for the first time in Tunisia. These results come enriching the previously reported pathogenic mutations in LS families. Our study brings new arguments to the interpretation of MMR expression pattern and highlights new risk modifiers genes eventually implicated in CRC. Twins discordance reported in this work underscore that disease penetrance could be influenced by both genetic background and environmental factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1961-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Jaballah-Gabteni
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria Kabbage
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Elouej
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Ines Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Medhioub
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Yaiche
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Jemii
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Maaloul
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mezghani
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamine Hamzaoui
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Mousaddak Azzouz
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Klenske E, Bojarski C, Waldner M, Rath T, Neurath MF, Atreya R. Targeting mucosal healing in Crohn's disease: what the clinician needs to know. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819856865. [PMID: 31236140 PMCID: PMC6572879 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819856865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mucosal healing has emerged as a key therapeutic goal in the clinical management of patients with Crohn's disease, as it has been associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes. With the vast improvements in endoscopic imaging techniques and the increase in available treatment options, which reportedly are able to induce mucosal healing, the practising physician is left to wonder: how is endoscopic mucosal healing exactly defined in Crohn's disease, and how can it effectively be achieved and monitored in daily clinical practice? Within this review, we will give an overview of the ongoing debate about the definition of mucosal healing and the modalities to monitor inflammation, and finally present available therapies with the capacity to induce mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entcho Klenske
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christian Bojarski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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34
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Feng JH, Navas CM, Olofson AM, Ahmed N. Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Hematochezia in a Patient with Crohn's Disease. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2019; 13:85-88. [PMID: 31043934 PMCID: PMC6477480 DOI: 10.1159/000493920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signet-ring cell carcinoma is a rare adenocarcinoma, predominantly affecting the stomach and ovaries. Primary sites elsewhere are rarer. It is recognized that there is an increased cancer risk with the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. We report a patient with Crohn's disease who was diagnosed with signet-ring cell carcinoma in the setting of a Crohn's flare. Diagnosis was made with endoscopy. Treatment included laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy with ileostomy with subsequent chemotherapy as an outpatient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazuo H Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christopher M Navas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrea M Olofson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nayla Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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35
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Zhao H, Chen J, Chen J, Kong X, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang J, Ren Q, Wang Q, Chen S, Deng Z, Chen Z, Cui Q, Zheng J, Lu J, Wang S, Tan J. miR-192/215-5p act as tumor suppressors and link Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer by targeting common metabolic pathways: An integrated informatics analysis and experimental study. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21060-21075. [PMID: 31020657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators involved in a variety of biological processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-192/215 participated in progression of Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer. However, their concrete relationships and regulation networks in diseases remain unclear. Here, we used bioinformatics methods to expound miR-192/215-5p macrocontrol regulatory networks shared by two diseases. For data mining and figure generation, several miRNA prediction tools, Human miRNA tissue atlas, FunRich, miRcancer, MalaCards, STRING, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GEO databases, Pathvisio, Graphpad Prism 6 software, etc . are extensively applied. miR-192/215-5p were specially distributed in colon tissues and enriched biological pathways were closely associated with human cancers. Emerging role of miR-192/215-5p and their common pathways in Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer was also analyzed. Based on results derived from multiple approaches, we identified the biological functions of miR-192/215-5p as a tumor suppressor and link Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer by targeting triglyceride synthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuhui Kong
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hehuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Neuro-oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huiyue Dong
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qun Ren
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shushang Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junqiong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Tan
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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36
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Seiler CL, Song JM, Fernandez J, Abrahante JE, Kono TJY, Chen Y, Ren Y, Kassie F, Tretyakova NY. Epigenetic Changes in Alveolar Type II Lung Cells of A/J Mice Following Intranasal Treatment with Lipopolysaccharide. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:831-839. [PMID: 30942577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin present in cigarette smoke. LPS is known to induce inflammation and to increase the size and the multiplicity of lung tumors induced by tobacco-specific nitrosamines. However, the means by which LPS contributes to pulmonary carcinogenesis are not known. One possible mechanism includes LPS-mediated epigenetic deregulation, which leads to aberrant expression of genes involved in DNA repair, tumor suppression, cell cycle progression, and cell growth. In the present work, epigenetic effects of LPS were examined in alveolar type II lung cells of A/J mice. Type II cells were selected because they serve as progenitors of lung adenocarcinomas in smoking induced lung cancer. A/J mice were intranasally treated with LPS, followed by isolation of alveolar type II cells from the lung using cell panning. Global levels of DNA methylation and histone acetylation were quantified by mass spectrometry, while genome-wide transcriptomic changes were characterized by RNA-Seq. LPS treatment was associated with epigenetic changes including decreased cytosine formylation and reduced histone H3K14 and H3K23 acetylation, as well as altered expression levels of genes involved in cell adhesion, inflammation, immune response, and epigenetic regulation. These results suggest that exposure to inflammatory agents in cigarette smoke leads to early epigenetic changes in the lung, which may collaborate with genetic changes to drive the development of lung cancer.
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37
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Contribution of STAT3 to Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases and Prospects for its Targeting for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082299. [PMID: 30081609 PMCID: PMC6121470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 plays a central role in the host response to injury. It is activated rapidly within cells by many cytokines, most notably those in the IL-6 family, leading to pro-proliferative and pro-survival programs that assist the host in regaining homeostasis. With persistent activation, however, chronic inflammation and fibrosis ensue, leading to a number of debilitating diseases. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the role of STAT3 and its targeting in diseases marked by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis with a focus on those with the largest unmet medical need.
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38
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Wang L, Yu K, Zhang X, Yu S. Dual functional roles of the MyD88 signaling in colorectal cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:177-184. [PMID: 30086464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an adaptor protein in regulation of the innate immunity, functions to regulate immune responses against viral and bacterial infections in the human body. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin 1 receptors (IL-1R) can recognize microbes or endogenous ligands and then recruit MyD88 to activate the MyD88-dependent pathway, while MyD88 mutation associated with lymphoma development and altered MyD88 signaling also involved in cancer-associated cell intrinsic and extrinsic inflammation progression and carcinogenesis. Detection of MyD88 expression was to predict prognosis of various human cancers, e.g., lymphoid, liver, and colorectal cancers. In human cancers, MyD88 protein acts as a bridge between the inflammatory signaling from the TLR/IL-1R and Ras oncogenic signaling pathway. However, the MyD88 signaling played dual functional roles in colorectal cancer, i.e., the tumor-promoting role that enhances cancer inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance to induce tumor invasion and tumor cell self-renewal, and the anti-tumor role that helps to maintain the host-microbiota homeostasis to induce tumor cell cycle arrest and immune responses against cancer cells. This review precisely discusses the up to date literature for these contrasting effects of MyD88 signaling on colorectal cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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39
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Devarasetty M, Skardal A, Cowdrick K, Marini F, Soker S. Bioengineered Submucosal Organoids for In Vitro Modeling of Colorectal Cancer. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 23:1026-1041. [PMID: 28922975 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical nature of the tumor microenvironment significantly impacts tumor growth, invasion, and response to drugs. Most in vitro tumor models are designed to study the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on tumor cells, while not addressing the effects of ECM's specific topography. In this study, we bioengineered submucosal organoids, using primary smooth muscle cells embedded in collagen I hydrogel, which produce aligned and parallel fiber topography similar to those found in vivo. The fiber organization in the submucosal organoids induced an epithelial phenotype in spheroids of colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116), which were embedded within the organoids. Conversely, unorganized fibers drove a mesenchymal phenotype in the tumor cells. HCT-116 cells in organoids with aligned fibers showed no WNT signaling activation, and conversely, WNT signaling activation was observed in organoids with disrupted fibers. Consequently, HCT-116 cells in the aligned condition exhibited decreased cellular proliferation and reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapeutic treatment compared to cells in the unorganized construct. Collectively, the results establish a unique colorectal tumor organoid model to study the effects of stromal topography on cancer cell phenotype, proliferation, and ultimately, chemotherapeutic susceptibility. In the future, such organoids can utilize patient-derived cells for precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Devarasetty
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,2 Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,2 Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,4 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kyle Cowdrick
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Frank Marini
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,4 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,2 Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,4 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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40
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Ray AL, Berggren KL, Restrepo Cruz S, Gan GN, Beswick EJ. Inhibition of MK2 suppresses IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α-dependent colorectal cancer growth. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1702-1711. [PMID: 29197088 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression is associated with chronic inflammation. We have identified the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway as a primary mediator of inflammation in CRC. MK2 signaling promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. These cytokines have been implicated in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. For the first time, we investigate whether MK2 inhibition can improve outcome in two mouse models of CRC. In our azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model of colitis-associated CRC, MK2 inhibitor treatment eliminated murine tumor development. Using the implanted, syngeneic murine CRC cell line CT26, we observe significant tumor volume reduction following MK2 inhibition. Tumor cells treated with MK2 inhibitors produced 80% less IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and demonstrated decreased invasion. Replenishment of downstream proinflammatory MK2-mediated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) to tumors led to restoration of tumor proliferation and rapid tumor regrowth. These results demonstrate the importance of MK2 in driving proinflammatory cytokine production, its relevance to in vivo tumor proliferation and invasion. Inhibition of MK2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target to suppress tumor growth and progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Ray
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sebastian Restrepo Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This article provides a brief overview of the role that infections play in cancer emergence and cancer treatment. Recent Findings A select number of pathogens have been reported to increase the incidence of specific cancers (directly through altering gene expression or indirectly through inducing chronic inflammation). These have been referred to as oncogenic pathogens. Conversely, a subset of pathogens has been demonstrated to preferentially cause lysis of tumor cells, leading to tumor regression and improved anti-tumor immunity. These have been termed oncolytic pathogens. However, the contribution of non-oncogenic, non-oncolytic pathogens to both tumor growth and regression is likewise being increasingly recognized. Summary Pathogens have both the ability to cause and cure cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these pathogen-mediated outcomes are not fully understood. With the recent emergence of interest in the immunotherapy of cancer, it is important that future studies focus specifically on preventing the negative effects of oncogenic infections, deconstructing the positive role of oncolytic pathogens, and finally providing insight into the dual roles of non-oncolytic, non-oncogenic pathogens so that anti-pathogen immune responses can be harnessed as a transformative means to treat cancer.
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42
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhao K, Zhou Y, Li W, Pan C, Qiang L, Li Z, Lu N. Small molecule GL-V9 protects against colitis-associated colorectal cancer by limiting NLRP3 inflammasome through autophagy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1375640. [PMID: 29296531 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1375640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome provides a link between colitis-associated colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Autophagy is induced in macrophages by AMPK activation and regulates NLRP3 inflammasome to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Here we report that a small-molecule AMPK activator (GL-V9) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages invitro and in vivo, which trigger autophagy to degraded NLRP3 inflammasome. Treatment with GL-V9 protected against colitis and tumorigenesis in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. This suggests that GL-V9 may be an interesting candidate for clinical evaluation in the treatment of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
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Salimian Rizi B, Achreja A, Nagrath D. Nitric Oxide: The Forgotten Child of Tumor Metabolism. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:659-672. [PMID: 28867169 PMCID: PMC5679229 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with pleiotropic physiological roles in normal cells and pathophysiological roles in cancer. NO synthetase expression and NO synthesis are linked to altered metabolism, neoplasticity, invasiveness, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and ultimately to poor prognosis of cancer patients. Exogenous NO in the microenvironment facilitates paracrine signaling, mediates immune responses, and triggers angiogenesis. NO regulates posttranslational protein modifications, S-nitrosation, and genome-wide epigenetic modifications that can have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. We review mechanisms that link NO to cancer hallmarks, with a perspective of co-targeting NO metabolism with first-line therapies for improved outcome. We highlight the need for quantitative flux analysis to study NO in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Agilent Technologies, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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44
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The potential role of platelets in the consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:273-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Crispin MD. Appendiceal schwannoma: an incidental finding after Crohn's bowel resection. ANZ J Surg 2017; 89:E35-E36. [PMID: 28320054 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Crispin
- Department of General Surgery, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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46
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Maejima T, Kono T, Orii F, Maemoto A, Furukawa S, Liming W, Kasai S, Fukahori S, Mukai N, Yoshikawa D, Karasaki H, Saito H, Nagashima K. Anal Canal Adenocarcinoma in a Patient with Longstanding Crohn's Disease Arising From Rectal Mucosa that Migrated From a Previously Treated Rectovaginal Fistula. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:448-53. [PMID: 27373845 PMCID: PMC4936299 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.897876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports the pathogenesis of anal canal adenocarcinoma in a patient with longstanding Crohn's disease (CD). CASE REPORT A 50-year-old woman with a 33-year history of CD presented with perianal pain of several months' duration. She had been treated surgically for a rectovaginal fistula 26 years earlier and had been treated with infliximab (IFX) for the previous 4 years. A biopsy under anesthesia revealed an anal canal adenocarcinoma, which was removed by abdominoperineal resection. Pathological examination showed that a large part of the tumor consisted of mucinous adenocarcinoma at the same location as the rectovaginal fistula had been removed 26 years earlier. There was no evidence of recurrent rectovaginal fistula, but thick fibers surrounded the tumor, likely representing part of the previous rectovaginal fistula. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against cytokeratins (CK20 and CK7) revealed that the adenocarcinoma arose from the rectal mucosa, not the anal glands. CONCLUSIONS Mucinous adenocarcinoma can arise in patients with CD, even in the absence of longstanding perianal disease, and may be associated with adenomatous transformation of the epithelial lining in a former fistula tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Maejima
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Advanced Surgery Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumika Orii
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maemoto
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Furukawa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wang Liming
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kasai
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Fukahori
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mukai
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daitaro Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Saito
- Department of Imaging Radiology, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagashima
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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47
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Lee YM, Han SI, Song BC, Yeum KJ. Bioactives in Commonly Consumed Cereal Grains: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2015; 18:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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48
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Yashiro M. Molecular Alterations of Colorectal Cancer with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2251-63. [PMID: 25840920 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important etiologic factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk of CRC begins to increase 8 or 10 years after the diagnosis of IBD. This type of cancer is called colitis-associated CRC (CA-CRC). The molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory epithelium might play a critical role in the development of CA-CRC. Genetic alterations detected in CA-CRC such as genetic mutations, microsatellite instability, and DNA hypermethylation are also recognized in sporadic CRC; however, there are differences in the timing and frequency of molecular events between CA-CRC and sporadic CRC. Interaction between gene-environmental factors, including inflammation, lifestyle, psychological stress, and prior appendectomy, might be associated with the etiopathology of IBD. The mucosal inflammatory mediators, such as oxidant stress, free radicals, and chemokines, may cause the genetic alterations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CA-CRC might be important to develop clinical efficacies for patients with IBD. This review discusses the molecular characteristics of CA-CRC, especially ulcerative colitis-associated CRC, including clinical features, signaling pathways, and interactions between genetic alterations and environment involved in inflammatory carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan,
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Hartavi M, Kurt E, Oral B, Olmez OF, Cubukcu E, Deligonul A, Avci N, Manavoglu O. The SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism is not associated with colorectal cancer or age at onset in Turkish subjects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:7583-6. [PMID: 24460337 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 acts as a key regulator of many cytokine signaling pathways and its abnormal expression has been identified in several human malignancies, suggesting potential roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the functional SOCS- 1 -1478CA>del polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CC) as well as age at onset in a Turkish clinical sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study (70 CC cases and 52 controls). The SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS The odds ratio of the del allele for CC relative to the CA allele was not significantly different between the groups (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.41-1.22, p=0.27). This result did not change after adjustment for age and sex on multivariable regression analysis (OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.59-1.34, p=0.53). When the SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was analyzed among CC patients in relation to the age at disease onset, we found no significant differences between subjects with the del/del, CA/del, and CA/CA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study did not point towards a major role of the SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism in the pathogenesis of CC in Turkish subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hartavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey E-mail :
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Judge J, Giordano BP, English J. Crohn's disease masquerading as an acute abdomen. J Pediatr Health Care 2014; 28:444-50. [PMID: 24856054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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