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Rong J, Pu R, Sun H, Liu Y, Tian T, Bi H, Xia T, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L. Association between the Methylation of CpG Islands in JAK-STAT Pathway-Related Genes and Colorectal Cancer. Gene 2023; 868:147357. [PMID: 36914143 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant promoter methylation of CpG islands plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the association between the DNA methylation of JAK-STAT pathway-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 403 patients with CRC and 419 cancer free controls, and the DNA methylation levels of JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, and SOCS3 in peripheral blood samples from all subjects were assessed using a methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls, the methylation of the JAK2, STAT1 and SOCS3 genes increased the CRC risk (ORadjusted=1.96, 95% CI, 1.12-3.41, P=0.01; ORadjusted=5.37, 95% CI, 3.74-7.71, P<0.01; ORadjusted=3.30, 95% CI, 1.58-6.87, P<0.01). In the multiple CpG site methylation (MCSM) analysis, a high MCSM value denoted an increased CRC risk (ORadjusted=4.97, 95% CI, 3.34-7.37, P<0.01). CONCLUSION In peripheral blood, the methylation of JAK2, STAT1, and high levels of MCSM are promising biomarkers for CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesheng Rong
- Second Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Colorectal Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081274. [PMID: 36013453 PMCID: PMC9410426 DOI: 10.3390/life12081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptides which exert mitogenic, endocrine and cytokine activities. Together with their receptors, binding proteins and associated molecules, they participate in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, whose etiology usually represents a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. IGFs are most often increased in CRC, enabling excessive autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the cell growth. Overexpression or increased activation/accessibility of IGF receptors is a coinciding step which transmits IGF-related signals. A number of molecules and biochemical mechanisms exert modulatory effects shaping the final outcome of the IGF-stimulated processes, frequently leading to neoplastic transformation in the case of irreparable disbalance. The IGF system and related molecules and pathways which participate in the development of CRC are the focus of this review.
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3
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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4
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Danesh Pouya F, Rasmi Y, Nemati M. Signaling Pathways Involved in 5-FU Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:516-543. [PMID: 35320055 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2055050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-metabolite drugs prevent the synthesis of essential cell growth compounds. 5-fluorouracil is used as an anti-metabolic drug in various cancers in the first stage of treatment. Unfortunately, in some cancers, 5-fluorouracil has low effectiveness because of its drug resistance. Studies have shown that drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil is due to the activation of specific signaling pathways and increased expressions of enzymes involved in drug metabolites. However, when 5-fluorouracil is used in combination with other drugs, the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil increases, and the effect of drug resistance is reversed. This study discusses how the function of 5-fluorouracil in JAK/STAT, Wnt, Notch, NF-κB, and hedgehogs in some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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5
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Majumder S, Shivaji UN, Kasturi R, Sigamani A, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:547-567. [PMID: 35321275 PMCID: PMC8919014 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer (IBD-CRC) is one of the most serious complications of IBD contributing to significant mortality in this cohort of patients. IBD is often associated with diet and lifestyle-related gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic gut inflammation. According to the “common ground hypothesis”, microbial dysbiosis and intestinal barrier impairment are at the core of the chronic inflammatory process associated with IBD-CRC. Among the many underlying factors known to increase the risk of IBD-CRC, perhaps the most important factor is chronic persistent inflammation. The persistent inflammation in the colon results in increased proliferation of cells necessary for repair but this also increases the risk of dysplastic changes due to chromosomal and microsatellite instability. Multiple pathways have been identified, regulated by many positive and negative factors involved in the development of cancer, which in this case follows the ‘inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma’ sequence. Strategies to lower this risk are extremely important to reduce morbidity and mortality due to IBD-CRC, among which colonoscopic surveillance is the most widely accepted and implemented modality, forming part of many national and international guidelines. However, the effectiveness of surveillance in IBD has been a topic of much debate in recent years for multiple reasons — cost-benefit to health systems, resource requirements, and also because of studies showing conflicting long-term data. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives of IBD-CRC. We explore and analyse evidence from studies over decades and current best practices followed globally. In the future directions section, we cover emerging novel endoscopic techniques and artificial intelligence that could play an important role in managing the risk of IBD-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehali Majumder
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Nagesh Shivaji
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Rangarajan Kasturi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Alben Sigamani
- Department of Clinical Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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6
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Wawszczyk J, Jesse K, Smolik S, Kapral M. Mechanism of Pterostilbene-Induced Cell Death in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:369. [PMID: 35056682 PMCID: PMC8779997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a dietary phytochemical that has been found to possess several biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Recent studies have shown that it exhibits the hallmark characteristics of an anticancer agent. The aim of the study was to investigate the anticancer activity of pterostilbene against HT-29 human colon cancer cells, focusing on its influence on cell growth, differentiation, and the ability of this stilbene to induce cell death. To clarify the mechanism of pterostilbene activity against colon cancer cells, changes in the expression of several genes and proteins that are directly related to cell proliferation, signal transduction pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy were also evaluated. Cell growth and proliferation of cells exposed to pterostilbene (5-100 µM) were determined by SRB and BRDU assays. Flow cytometric analyses were used for cell cycle progression. Further molecular investigations were performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The expression of the signaling proteins studied was determined by the ELISA method. The results revealed that pterostilbene inhibited proliferation and induced the death of HT-29 colon cancer cells. Pterostilbene, depending on concentration, caused inhibition of proliferation, G1 cell arrest, and/or triggered apoptosis in HT-29 cells. These effects were mediated by the down-regulation of the STAT3 and AKT kinase pathways. It may be concluded that pterostilbene could be considered as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wawszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jesse
- Prof. Z. Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Heart Prostheses Institute, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Smolik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapral
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Katowice, Poland;
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Lin Z, Li Q, Zhao Y, Lin Z, Cheng N, Zhang D, Liu G, Lin J, Zhang H, Lin D. Combination of Auranofin and ICG-001 Suppress the Proliferation and Metastasis of Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738085. [PMID: 34900688 PMCID: PMC8651623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the deadliest tumors in the world, and with high metastasis rate and mortality, effective drugs for its treatment are still in need. Auranofin (AF) is a gold complex that has been attested by FDA for treating human rheumatism, and researchers have found that AF acts as a great antitumor drug in recent years. ICG-001 is a small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we aimed to explore the synergistic antitumor effects and the underlying mechanisms of AF and ICG-001 combination therapy on human colon cancer. The results showed that AF and ICG-001 synergistically depressed the growth and invasion of human colon cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and its downstream mediator B-cell lymphoma-2-like 1 (Bcl-xL) and inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, AF combined with ICG-001 synergistically inhibited the growth of colon cancer in subcutaneous xenograft mice models and restrained metastasis in lung metastasis mice models. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that combination of AF and ICG-001 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Therefore, this combination therapy may possess potential therapeutic properties for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Degui Lin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Cheng WL, Feng PH, Lee KY, Chen KY, Sun WL, Van Hiep N, Luo CS, Wu SM. The Role of EREG/EGFR Pathway in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312828. [PMID: 34884633 PMCID: PMC8657471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) by erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) ligands contributes to various tumor malignancies, including lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). Epiregulin (EREG) is one of the EGFR ligands and is low expressed in most normal tissues. Elevated EREG in various cancers mainly activates EGFR signaling pathways and promotes cancer progression. Notably, a higher EREG expression level in CRC with wild-type Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is related to better efficacy of therapeutic treatment. By contrast, the resistance of anti-EGFR therapy in CRC was driven by low EREG expression, aberrant genetic mutation and signal pathway alterations. Additionally, EREG overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is anticipated to be a therapeutic target for EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). However, recent findings indicate that EREG derived from macrophages promotes NSCLC cell resistance to EGFR-TKI treatment. The emerging events of EREG-mediated tumor promotion signals are generated by autocrine and paracrine loops that arise from tumor epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a crucial element for the development of various cancer types and drug resistance. The regulation of EREG/EGFR pathways depends on distinct oncogenic driver mutations and cell contexts that allows specific pharmacological targeting alone or combinational treatment for tailored therapy. Novel strategies targeting EREG/EGFR, tumor-associated macrophages, and alternative activation oncoproteins are under development or undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the clinical outcomes of EREG expression and the interaction of this ligand in the TME. The EREG/EGFR pathway may be a potential target and may be combined with other driver mutation targets to combat specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Van Hiep
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Sheng-Ming Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (P.-H.F.); (K.-Y.L.); (K.-Y.C.); (W.-L.S.); (N.V.H.); (C.-S.L.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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9
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Shi W, Men L, Pi X, Jiang T, Peng D, Huo S, Luo P, Wang M, Guo J, Jiang Y, Peng L, Lin L, Li S, Lv J. Shikonin suppresses colon cancer cell growth and exerts synergistic effects by regulating ADAM17 and the IL‑6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:99. [PMID: 34726248 PMCID: PMC8577797 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is associated with drug resistance induced by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapy in the treatment of colon cancer. Thus, the combined inhibition of EGFR and STAT3 may prove beneficial for this type of cancer. STAT3 has been proven to play a critical role in colon cancer initiation and progression, and is considered the primary downstream effector driven by interleukin-6 (IL-6). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), documented as an oncogene, catalyzes the cleavage of both EGF and IL-6R, inducing EGFR signaling and enabling IL-6 trans-signaling to activate STAT3 in a wide range of cell types to promote inflammation and cancer development. As a natural product, shikonin (SKN) has been found to function as an antitumor agent; however, its role in the regulation of ADAM17 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells remains unknown. In the present study, it was found that SKN inhibited colon cancer cell growth, suppressed both constitutive and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and downregulated the expression of ADAM17. ADAM17 expression was not altered in response to STAT3 knockdown, while IL-6-induced STAT3 activation did not induce ADAM17 transcripts. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that SKN did not affect the expression of key proteins involved in the maturation and degradation of ADAM17. SKN decreased ADAM17 expression possibly through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated translational inhibition, as evidenced by the increased ADAM17 mRNA and phosphorylation levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). The expression of ADAM17 and p-eIF2α was reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger). Taken together, these results indicate that the concurrent inhibition of ADAM17 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling by SKN may synergistically contribute to the suppression of colon cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lintong Men
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Pi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shengqi Huo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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10
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SLCO1B3 promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis through STAT3. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22164-22175. [PMID: 34526411 PMCID: PMC8507254 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (SLCO1B3) is a gene that encodes an organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3, a membrane-bound multi-specific transporter in hepatocytes. SLCO1B3 was first reported in hepatocytes. Later, it was found that its expression is higher in colorectal cancer (CRC) than in the adjacent normal tissue. However, the role of SLCO1B3 in CRC is not well elucidated. In this study, the correlation between SLCO1B3 and the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients was evaluated using data from the GEO database. This study evaluated the relationship between SLCO1B3 and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of CRC patients. The effects of SLCO1B3 knockdown, on human CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo were also examined. In addition, next-generation sequencing was used to identify SLCO1B3 mediators. The results confirmed the association between SLCO1B3 and poor OS of CRC patients, and SLCO1B3 was identified as the top hub gene associated with the OS. The study showed that high SLCO1B3 expression was associated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced disease stage, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor OS. Next-generation sequencing revealed that SLCO1B3 knockdown affected the expression of several genes involved in cancer invasion, metastasis, and DNA repair. Moreover, the western blot analysis showed that SLCO1B3 knockdown downregulated p-STAT3, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In summary, we demonstrated that SLCO1B3 acts as a novel carcinogen in the CRC that drives the CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis. SLCO1B3 inhibitors, alone or in combination with current drugs, may have therapeutic benefits in CRC.
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Marginean EC, Gotfrit J, Marginean H, Yokom DW, Bateman JJ, Daneshmand M, Sud S, Gown AM, Jonker D, Asmis T, Goodwin RA. Phosphorylated transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3) immunohistochemical expression in paired primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100996. [PMID: 33341488 PMCID: PMC7750168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) mediates cellular functions. We assessed the IHC expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in paired primary tumors and liver metastases in patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We included patients with tissue blocks available from both the primary CRC and a surgically resected liver metastasis. The IHC pSTAT3 expression agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. RESULTS The study included 103 patients, 55% male, median age was 64. 43% tumors originated in rectum, and 63% of the primary tumors were synchronous. Expression of pSTAT3 was 76% in liver metastases and 71% in primary tumors. A difference in pSTAT3 staining between the primary tumor and liver metastases was noted in 64%. There was lost expression of pSTAT3 in the liver metastases in 28% and gained expression in 36% of cases compared to the primary. The kappa statistic comparing agreement between staining patterns of the primary tumors and liver metastases was a "less-than-chance", at -0.02. Median survival was 4.9 years, with no difference in survival outcomes by pSTAT3 expression in the primary tumor or liver metastases. DISCUSSION STAT3 is not a prognostic marker in the selective setting of metastatic CRC to liver, but it may remain a potential therapeutic target given most liver metastases expressed pSTAT3. Discordant pSTAT3 expression in between primary tumors and paired liver metastases suggests that use of this class of drug to treat liver predominant metastatic colorectal cancer in a biomarker-driven approach may require confirmatory liver tumor biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda C Marginean
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Joanna Gotfrit
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Horia Marginean
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Daniel W Yokom
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Justin J Bateman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Pathology, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada.
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Shelly Sud
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Allen M Gown
- PhenoPath Laboratories, 551 N. 34th Street Seattle 98103 USA.
| | - Derek Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Timothy Asmis
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
| | - Rachel A Goodwin
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9.
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Sreenivasan L, Wang H, Yap SQ, Leclair P, Tam A, Lim CJ. Autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling aids development of acquired drug resistance in Group 3 medulloblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1035. [PMID: 33279931 PMCID: PMC7719195 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a high-grade pediatric brain malignancy that originates from neuronal precursors located in the posterior cranial fossa. In this study, we evaluated the role of STAT3 and IL-6 in a tumor microenvironment mediated drug resistance in human MBs. We established that the Group 3 MB cell line, Med8A, is chemosensitive (hence Med8A-S), and this is correlated with a basal low phosphorylated state of STAT3, while treatment with IL-6 induced robust increases in pY705-STAT3. Via incremental selection with vincristine, we derived the stably chemoresistant variant, Med8A-R, that exhibited multi-drug resistance, enhanced IL-6 induced pY705-STAT3 levels, and increased IL6R expression. Consequently, abrogation of STAT3 or IL6R expression in Med8A-R led to restored chemosensitivity to vincristine, highlighting a prominent role for canonical IL-6/STAT3 signaling in acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, Med8A-S subjected to conditioning exposure with IL-6, termed Med8A-IL6+ cells, exhibited enhanced vincristine resistance, increased expression of pY705-STAT3 and IL6R, and increased secretion of IL-6. When cocultured with Med8A-IL6+ cells, Med8A-S cells exhibited increased pY705-STAT3 and increased IL-6 secretion, suggesting a cytokine feedback loop responsible for amplifying STAT3 activity. Similar IL-6 induced phenomena were also observed in the Group 3 MB cell lines, D283 and D341, including increased pY705-STAT3, drug resistance, IL-6 secretion and IL6R expression. Our study unveiled autocrine IL-6 as a promoter of STAT3 signaling in development of drug resistance, and suggests therapeutic benefits for targeting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in Group 3 MBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana Sreenivasan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shyong Quin Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal Leclair
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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13
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Basak D, Uddin MN, Hancock J. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Its Counteractive Utility in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3336. [PMID: 33187272 PMCID: PMC7698080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered redox status accompanied by an elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in a number of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC, being one of the most common cancers worldwide, has been reported to be associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, obesity, and physical inactivity) and harboring heightened oxidative stress that results in genomic instability. Although under normal condition ROS regulate many signal transduction pathways including cell proliferation and survival, overwhelming of the antioxidant capacity due to metabolic abnormalities and oncogenic signaling leads to a redox adaptation response that imparts drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on elevated production of ROS makes the tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further ROS insults, and the abolition of such drug resistance through redox perturbation could be instrumental to preferentially eliminate them. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the evidence that links redox stress to the development of CRC and assimilate the most up-to-date information that would facilitate future investigation on CRC-associated redox biology. Concomitantly, we argue that the exploitation of this distinct biochemical property of CRC cells might offer a fresh avenue to effectively eradicate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| | | | - Jake Hancock
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
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14
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Wu MM, Zhang Z, Tong CWS, Yan VW, Cho WCS, To KKW. Repurposing of niclosamide as a STAT3 inhibitor to enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in treating colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 262:118522. [PMID: 33011217 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Mutation of various cell signaling molecules or aberrant activation of signaling pathways leads to poor response to chemotherapy in CRC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is an important signaling molecule, which plays crucial roles in regulating cell survival and growth. In this study, the potentitation of chemotherapy by putative STAT3 inhibitors for treating CRC was investigated. MAIN METHODS A few putative STAT3 inhibitors were investigated. Niclosamide, originally indicated for the treatment of tapeworm infection, was chosen for further investigation in five CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29, HCC2998, LoVo and SW480). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of STAT3/phospho-STAT3 and its downstream targets. Sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of drug combinations. Flow cytometric assays were used to investigate the apoptotic and cell cycle effect. KEY FINDINGS Niclosamide was found to inhibit expression and activation of STAT3 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, thereby downregulating STAT3 downstream targets including survivin and cyclin-D1 to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. When combined with niclosamide or specific STAT3 inhibitor (C188-9), the cytotoxicity and DNA damage response from SN38 (the active metabolite from irinotecan) were significantly enhanced. The sequential exposure of SN38 followed by niclosamide was found to be the most potent treatment sequence for the drug combination. SIGNIFICANCE Niclosamide represents a promising candidate for repurposing to potentiate the anticancer activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - ViVi W Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Liu S, Jiang G, Zhai W, Yang L, Li M, Chang Z, Zhu B. NOK associates with c-Src and promotes c-Src-induced STAT3 activation and cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109762. [PMID: 32871210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is reported to regulate cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and thus plays a central role in development and carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrated the involvement of cellular Src (c-Src) tyrosine kinase in the activation of STAT3. Additionally, novel oncogene with kinase-domain (NOK), a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that involves in cell transformation and tumorigenesis, was found to activate STAT3 signaling by a JAK2-dependent mechanism. However, whether the existence of the interaction between c-Src/STAT3 and NOK/STAT3 signals is still unknown. In this study, we showed that NOK formed a complex with c-Src and facilitated the interaction between c-Src and STAT3. In the complex, NOK greatly elevated the c-Src-mediated STAT3 activation by increasing the phosphorylation level of STAT3 on Tyr705. Truncated and mutation experiments further demonstrated that the kinase activity was responsible for the synergistic effect of NOK and c-Src on STAT3 activation. In addition, NOK and c-Src synergistically promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, our results indicate that NOK associates with c-Src and promotes c-Src-induced STAT3 activation in a kinase-dependent manner. We proposed that the axis that NOK promoted c-Src-induced STAT3 activation is critical in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guancheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Bingtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Das U, Manna K, Adhikary A, Mishra S, Saha KD, Sharma RD, Majumder B, Dey S. Ferulic acid enhances the radiation sensitivity of lung and liver carcinoma cells by collapsing redox homeostasis: mechanistic involvement of Akt/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:944-967. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1655559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Biswanath Majumder
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Zhou H, Sun Y, Zheng H, Fan L, Mei Q, Tang Y, Duan X, Li Y. Paris saponin VII extracted from trillium tschonoskii suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111903. [PMID: 31047966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saponins of many herbs could inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells. In the study, we investigated the effects of Paris saponin Ⅶ (PSⅦ), and elucidated its mechanism in colorectal carcinoma cells and a xenograft mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT-29 and HCT-116 cells were treated with different concentrations of PSⅦ (0-100 μM). The effects of PSⅦ on HCT-116 cells were assessed using a microarray. Then, apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis and apoptosis related protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. A xenograft model of nude mice was used to assess the effect of PSⅦ in vivo. RESULTS MTT assay showed the IC50 values of PSⅦ for growth inhibition of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells were 1.02 ± 0.05 μM and 3.50 ± 0.79 μM respectively. Edu assay demonstrated that PSⅦ effectively suppressed the growth of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells. Treatment with 0-3 μM PSⅦ not only triggered apoptosis, but also activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells in a concentration dependent manner. In parallel to the alterations, Bax and Cyto-c expression increased while Bcl-2 decreased. In nude mice, PSⅦ reduced the tumor size and induced the apoptosis of tumor cells. PSVII could suppress IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in vitro and blocked STAT3 phosphorylation in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PSVII suppressed the activation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway, consequently suppressed the growth and proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of CRC cells. These findings indicate that PSⅦ might be an effective tumouristatic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi,710032, PR China.
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 967 Hospital of PLA, Dalian, Shenyang, 116000, PR China.
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountains, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqun Duan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China.
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18
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Pan S, Deng Y, Fu J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ru X, Qin X. TRIM52 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation through the STAT3 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:57. [PMID: 30918473 PMCID: PMC6419475 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of various human malignancies. The up-regulation and oncogenic roles of TRIM52 have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the current study, we aimed to examine its expression and possible function in colorectal cancer (CRC). Method Immunohistochemical staining or immunoblotting analysis was carried out to detect protein expression. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Results TRIM52 expression was increased in 67.5% of CRC tissues (54/80) compared to matched normal colonic mucosa. TRIM52 expression was closely related with tumor size (p = 0.0376), tumor stage (p = 0.0227) and overall survival (p = 0.0177). Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting TRIM52 had the potential anti-proliferative effects on CRC cell lines, SW480 and LoVo, by inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, an in vivo xenograft experiment confirmed the in vitro results. In addition, TRIM52 shRNAs decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, but increased the protein expression of SHP2, a negative regulator of STAT3 phosphorylation. TRIM52 formed a complex with SHP2 and promoted the ubiquitination of SHP2. Furthermore, inhibition of the STAT3 signaling by AG490 in RKO cells significantly abolished the effects of TRIM52 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and STAT3 activation. Conclusions TRIM52 might exert oncogenic role in CRC via regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Pan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
| | - Yingying Deng
- Department of Ophtalmology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
| | - Xiaokun Ru
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
| | - Xianju Qin
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, No. 8 Caobao Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232 China
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Rosso C, Cabianca L, Gili FM. Non-invasive markers to detect colorectal cancer in asymptomatic population. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li J, Liu YY, Yang XF, Shen DF, Sun HZ, Huang KQ, Zheng HC. Effects and mechanism of STAT3 silencing on the growth and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5575-5582. [PMID: 30344711 PMCID: PMC6176248 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) have roles in various cellular processes, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell migration and drug resistance. To clarify the effects of STAT3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms, STAT3 was directly silenced, and the effects of STAT3 silencing on cell proliferation, apoptosis and growth with phenotype-associated molecules were examined.pSH1-Si-STAT3 was successfully transfected into the CRC HCT-116 and SW480 cell lines, which was verified by GFP tagging under a fluorescence microscope. An MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of both cell lines that were transfected with pSH1-Si-STAT3 was significantly suppressed in comparison with the control and mock (P<0.05). Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry indicated that the transfected cell lines had a significantly higher rate of apoptosis than the control- and mock-treated cells (P<0.05). STAT3-silienced cells were also significantly arrested at the G2/M stage compared with the cells that were transfected with control and mock plasmids (P<0.05). At the mRNA level, the expression of STAT3 and survivin was significantly downregulated (P<0.05), but p53 and caspase-3 were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). The significantly different patterns of expression were observed in western blot analysis (P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that STAT3 silencing may suppress the proliferation and growth of CRC cells, and induce their apoptosis by upregulating the expression of survivin, p53 and caspase-3. Therefore, STAT3 may be a good candidate for CRC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - You-Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Liaoyang, Liaoyang, Liaoning 111000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Tumor Basic and Translational Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Fu Shen
- Tumor Basic and Translational Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Tumor Basic and Translational Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qiang Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Tumor Basic and Translational Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Two novel SHP-1 agonists, SC-43 and SC-78, are more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the in vitro stemness of human colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:25. [PMID: 30109144 PMCID: PMC6089896 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been suggested to be a viable therapeutic approach for cancers. Moreover, the efficacy of combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and napabucasin, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, have been assessed in various clinical trials, including those involving patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recently developed small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors, SC-43 and SC-78, which can stimulate SHP-1 to inactivate STAT3, were found to have anti-tumor activity. In this study, the inhibitory effects of SC-43, SC-78, and regorafenib (a reference drug) on cell viability, STAT3 phosphorylation, and various stemness properties [e.g., sphere-forming and soft agar colony-forming abilities, CD133+/CD44+ (stem cell-like) subpopulations, and the expression of several CSC markers] were examined for both HCT-116 and HT-29 human CRC cells. We found that SC-43 and SC-78 but not regorafenib inhibited constitutive and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Moreover, SC-43 and SC-78 were more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the stemness properties (except stem cell-like subpopulations) of these cells. As expected, SHP-1 knockdown almost completely abolished the suppressive effects of SC-43 and SC-78 on the sphere formation in both cell lines. Furthermore, SC-43 and SC-78 showed synergistic inhibitory effects with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan on sphere formation. Overall, our results suggest that SC-43 and SC-78 are potent STAT3 inhibitors that may potentially be used in combination therapy for CRC.
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A novel small molecular STAT3 inhibitor, 5Br-6b, induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in colorectal cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:402-410. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhao B, Wang L, Qiu H, Zhang M, Sun L, Peng P, Yu Q, Yuan X. Mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3980-4000. [PMID: 28002810 PMCID: PMC5354808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy is effective for patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small percentage of mCRC patients are sensitive to anti-EGFR therapy and even the best cases finally become refractory to this therapy. It has become apparent that the RAS mutations correlate with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. However, these resistance mechanisms only account for nearly 35% to 50% of nonresponsive patients, suggesting that there might be additional mechanisms. In fact, several novel pathways leading to escape from anti-EGFR therapy have been reported in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview of known and novel mechanisms that contribute to both primary and acquired anti-EGFR therapy resistance, and enlist possible treatment strategies to overcome or reverse this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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24
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Li W, Lee MR, Kim T, Kim YW, Cho MY. Activated STAT3 may participate in tumor progression through increasing CD133/survivin expression in early stage of colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:354-361. [PMID: 29432737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by elevated interleukin (IL) levels has been reported to regulate tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical implication of p-STAT3 expression in colon cancer is still controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effect of STAT3 inactivation on biologic behavior of primary (Caco-2) and metastatic colon cancer cells (LoVo and SNU407) and the relation of p-STAT3 expression with the invasion of colon tumor. In vitro study, the STAT3 inhibition by siRNA and stattic treatment significantly reduced colony formation and cell migration and decreased CD133 and survivin the expression compared with a control in all three cell lines. Furthermore, primary cancer cells exhibited a marked decrease in CD133 expression and increased apoptosis compared to metastatic cells after stattic treatment. The immunohistochemical assay using clinical samples of colonic tumors with various invasion depth showed that p-STAT3 expression was inversely associated with tumor invasion (p = 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.328, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.170-0.632). In conclusion, p-STAT3 may participate in the progression of the early stage of colon cancer through the up-regulation of CD133, which in turn induces survivin expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of these molecules in tumor progression in vivo is need to be more verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Li
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - Mi-Ra Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - Taeyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - Young Wan Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
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25
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Shah NG, Trivedi TI, Tankshali RA, Goswami JA, Jetly DH, Kobawala TP, Shukla SN, Shah PM, Verma RJ. Stat3 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 21:175-83. [PMID: 17013800 DOI: 10.1177/172460080602100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to explore the occurrence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=135) and its potential relationship with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Stat3 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of Stat3 was observed in 62% of patients, whereas only nuclear Stat3 expression was found in 44%. Stat3 positivity in early-stage patients was 45% compared to 79% in advanced-stage patients. However, early-stage Stat3-positive patients showed a gradual increase in staining intensity, with intense staining seen in 52% of the tumors compared to 18% in Stat3-positive advanced-stage patients, where a gradual decrease in intensity expression was observed (p=0.001). Stat3 showed a significant positive correlation with disease stage (p=0.001), nodal status (p=0.033) and tumor size (p=0.001). Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that nuclear Stat3 was a significant independent prognosticator for both relapse-free survival (p=0.014) and overall survival (p=0.042) in early-stage patients. Our results indicated that Stat3 activation is an early event in oral squamous cell carcinoma and represents a potential risk factor for poor prognosis in early-stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Shah
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, India.
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26
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Zhao C, Wang W, Yu W, Jou D, Wang Y, Ma H, Xiao H, Qin H, Zhang C, Lü J, Li S, Li C, Lin J, Lin L. A novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, inhibits cell viability, colony formation, and migration of colon and liver cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12917-26. [PMID: 26883202 PMCID: PMC4914331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in human liver and colon cancer cells and is required for cancer cell viability, survival and migration. Therefore, inhibition of STAT3 signaling may be a viable therapeutic approach for these two cancers. We recently designed a non-peptide small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, using in silico site-directed Fragment-based drug design (FBDD). The inhibitory effect on STAT3 phosphorylation, cell viability, migration and colony forming ability by LY5 were examined in human liver and colon cancer cells. We demonstrated that LY5 inhibited constitutive Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 nuclear translocation, decreased STAT3 downstream targeted gene expression and induced apoptosis in liver and colon cancer cells. LY5 had little effect on STAT1 phosphorylation mediated by IFN-γ. Inhibition of persistent STAT3 phosphorylation by LY5 also inhibited colony formation, cell migration, and decreased the viability of liver cancer and colon cancer cells. Furthermore, LY5 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed colon tumor growth in a mouse model in vivo. Our results suggest that LY5 is a potent STAT3 inhibitor and may be a potential drug candidate for liver and colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Division of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Cardiac Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Division of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - David Jou
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hua Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Lü
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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27
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Khawar MB, Mukhtar M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. IL-32θ: a recently identified anti-inflammatory variant of IL-32 and its preventive role in various disorders and tumor suppressor activity. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4726-4737. [PMID: 29218075 PMCID: PMC5714761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 theta (IL-32θ) is newly identified isoform of IL-32 which plays a vital role in inflammatory responses. Like IL-32α and IL-32β, IL-32θ isoform acts as an intracellular inflammatory modulator. It results in reduction of IL-1β production by attenuating the expression of PU.1 and inhibition of monocytes differentiation into macrophages. IL-32θ hinders TNF-α expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK and inhibitor of κB (IκB) as well. It also reserved STAT3-ZEB1 pathway leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Hence, it can be concluded that IL-32θ is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can act as a tumor suppressor and can play vital role in colon cancer therapies. IL-32θ also plays a crucial role in immune system responses and cellular differentiation during disease pathogenesis. To our best knowledge this is the first ever review to condense the importance, precise mode of action in disease progression and latent remedial implications of IL-32θ in several inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of The Punjab87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan
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28
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Radiosensitizing effect of ellagic acid on growth of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14043. [PMID: 29070894 PMCID: PMC5656621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of treatment for cancer in clinic by radio/chemotherapy is generally attributed to tumour resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to increase the cytotoxicity of tumour cells by radiation in combination with unique tumour selective cytotoxic agents. We evaluated the potential of ellagic acid (EA) as an enhancer of oxidative stress in cancer cells. HepG2 cells were treated with EA (10 µM) for 12 h prior to exposure of single 7.5 Gy dose of irradiation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EA and gamma radiation showed increased reactive oxygen species generation, up regulation of p53 protein expression, decreased survival markers level like p-Akt, p-NF-kB and p-STAT3 which were significantly higher after radiation treatment alone. We also found that combination treatment increased G2/M phase cell population, decreased IL-6, COX–2 and TNF-α expression and caused a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential with decreased level of angiogenesis marker MMP-9. Over expression of Bax and activation of caspase 3 indicated the apoptosis of the cells. The results provided a strong unique strategy to kill cancer cells HepG2, using less radiation dose along with effective pro-oxidant dose of EA.
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29
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Lu R, Zhang YG, Sun J. STAT3 activation in infection and infection-associated cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:80-87. [PMID: 28223148 PMCID: PMC5469714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators for transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT families are composed of four JAK family members and seven STAT family members. STAT3 plays a key role in inducing and maintaining a pro-carcinogenic inflammatory microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates diverse biological functions in pathogenesis of diseases, such as infection and cancer. In the current review, we will summarize the research progress of STAT3 activation in infection and cancers. We highlight our recent study on the novel role of STAT3 in Salmonella infection-associated colon cancer. Infection with bacterial AvrA-expressing Salmonella activates the STAT3 pathway, which induces the β-catenin signals and enhances colonic tumorigenesis. STAT3 may be a promising target in developing prevention and treatment for infectious diseases and infection-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Shi W, Yan D, Zhao C, Xiao M, Wang Y, Ma H, Liu T, Qin H, Zhang C, Li C, Lin J, Li S, Lv J, Lin L. Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in human cancer cells using Evista. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:159-165. [PMID: 28711499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has been frequently detected in human cancer including breast cancer, colon cancer and multiple myeloma. IL-6/STAT3 can be a promising target for cancer prevent and treatment. However, few STAT3 inhibitors with high efficiency, specificity and safety is available for present clinical cancer therapy. Evista (Raloxifene·HCl) is known as selective estrogen receptor modulator which has been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and was approved for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer. Our previous study found that Raloxifene inhibited IL-6/GP130 interaction, resulting in blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation. In our present study, we examined the effect on IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling pathway and cancer cell viability with Evista. We first demonstrated Evista inhibited constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cell line MDB-MB-231, colon cancer cell line HCT116 and multiple myeloma cancer cell line U266. Evista also inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by IL-6 in MCF-7, HT29 and MM.1S cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis was exerted in MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and U266 as evidenced by increased caspase-3 cleavage. However, Evista did not inhibit STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 or STAT6 phosphorylation elicited by IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-4, nor phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by LIF in MCF-7 cell lines. Evista attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased STAT3 transcriptional activity but much less in pGL3 and AP1 transcriptional luciferase activity, and decreased cell viability in vitro. These results suggest that it may be possible for Evista to emerge as a chemoprevention agent for breast cancer and other cancers such as colon cancer or multiple myeoloma by targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dan Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chongqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Division of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hua Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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31
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Wang S, Shen Y, Qiu R, Chen Z, Chen Z, Chen W. 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid exhibits potent antitumor effects against colorectal cancer via inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:615-624. [PMID: 28656212 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that 18 β-glycyr-rhetinic acid (GRA) has antitumor activities in breast, ovarian cancer and leukemia, while its role in colorectal cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of GRA in colorectal cancer cells LoVo, SW480 and SW620 and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results showed that GRA had potent inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Growth inhibition was mediated by pro-apoptosis, as evident from Annexin V-FITC staining, the reduced expression of survivin and the induced expression of cleaved PARP. Furthermore, GRA treatment resulted in marked reduction of cell migration, invasion and wound healing capability, accompanying by the downregulated MMP expression. Moreover, GRA decreased the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-STAT3, p-JNK, p-p38 and p-NF-κB p65, of which the phosphorylation of PI3K and STAT3 decreased as early as 2 h after the GRA treatment. These results suggest that regulation of the apoptosis, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells by GRA might be through suppressing PI3K and STAT3 signaling pathways. the present study indicated that GRA could be a potential effective therapy for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Runfeng Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhehang Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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32
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Liu H, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhu H, Xu Q, Bu Y, Lei Y. Redox Imbalance in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1586-1597. [PMID: 28775778 PMCID: PMC5535714 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance is resulted from the destruction of balance between oxidants and antioxidants. The dominant oxidants are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in multiple cellular processes by physiologically transporting signal as a second messenger or pathologically oxidizing DNA, lipids, and proteins. Generally speaking, low concentration of ROS is indispensable for cell survival and proliferation. However, high concentration of ROS is cytotoxic. Additionally, ROS are now known to induce the oxidative modification of macromolecules especially proteins. The redox modification of proteins is involved in numerous biological processes related to diseases including CRC. Herein, we attempt to afford an overview that highlights the crosstalk between redox imbalance and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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33
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Su T, Bai JX, Chen YJ, Wang XN, Fu XQ, Li T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Wang Y, Yu ZL. An Ethanolic Extract of Ampelopsis Radix Exerts Anti-colorectal Cancer Effects and Potently Inhibits STAT3 Signaling In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 28503147 PMCID: PMC5408070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is constantly activated in CRC, and has been proposed as a pathogenic factor and a therapeutic target of CRC. Ampelopsis Radix (AR), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses low toxicity and has long been used clinically for the treatment of cancers including CRC. Some constituents of AR have been reported to exert anti-cancer properties by targeting STAT3. However, the anti-CRC mode and mechanism of action of AR have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of STAT3 signaling in the anti-CRC effects of AR. Results showed that AR reduced cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human HCT-116 and SW480 CRC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that AR potently suppressed STAT3 and Src phosphorylation, and inhibited STAT3 nuclear localization in cultured CRC cells. AR also downregulated the expression of STAT3 target genes Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 that are involved in cell survival and mobility. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of AR was diminished by overexpressing STAT3C, a persistent active variant of STAT3. In conclusion, AR exerted anti-CRC effects in vitro and these effects are at least in part attributed to the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Our findings provide a molecular justification for the traditional use of AR in treating CRC, and a pharmacological basis for developing AR-derived modern anti-CRC agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Xin-Ning Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
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Ye TH, Yang FF, Zhu YX, Li YL, Lei Q, Song XJ, Xia Y, Xiong Y, Zhang LD, Wang NY, Zhao LF, Gou HF, Xie YM, Yang SY, Yu LT, Yang L, Wei YQ. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling pathway by nifuroxazide improves antitumor immunity and impairs colorectal carcinoma metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2534. [PMID: 28055016 PMCID: PMC5386364 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the one of the most common cancers with considerable metastatic potential, explaining the need for new drug candidates that inhibit tumor metastasis. The signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway has an important role in CRC and has been validated as a promising anticancer target for CRC therapy. In the present study, we report our findings on nifuroxazide, an antidiarrheal agent identified as an inhibitor of Stat3. Our studies showed that nifuroxazide decreased the viability of three CRC cell lines and induced apoptosis of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of its apoptosis was correlated with the activation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, nifuroxazide markedly impaired CRC cell migration and invasion by downregulating phosphorylated-Stat3Tyr705, and also impaired the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Furthermore, our studies showed that nifuroxazide also significantly inhibited the tumor metastasis in lung and abdomen metastasis models of colon cancer. Meanwhile, nifuroxazide functionally reduced the proliferation index, induced tumor apoptosis and impaired metastasis. Notably, nifuroxazide reduced the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the blood, spleens and tumors, accompanied by the increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumors. Importantly, a marked decrease in the number of M2-type macrophages in tumor in the abdomen metastasis model was also observed. Taken together, our results indicated that nifuroxazide could effectively inhibit tumor metastasis by mediating Stat3 pathway and it might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hong Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Fang Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Xia Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Song
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Yu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Feng Gou
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo-Ting Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Division of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Han S, Jeong AJ, Yang H, Bin Kang K, Lee H, Yi EH, Kim BH, Cho CH, Chung JW, Sung SH, Ye SK. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 exerts anti-cancer activity through targeting IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:83-90. [PMID: 27566200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng is one of the most well-known medicinal herbs in Korea and China, which has been used for treatment and prevention of cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Ginsenosides are the major components of P. ginseng, having a wide range of pharmacological activities. Among the ginsenosides, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-types reportedly have potent anti-cancer effects. Rh2 is PPD-type ginsenoside, and two stereoisomeric forms of Rh2 as 20(S)- and 20(R)-Rh2 were selectively isolated recently. AIM OF THE STUDY The biological activities of Rh2 ginsenosides are known to depend on their differences in stereochemistry. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal neoplasm, and cancer-related death is usually associated with metastasis to other organs. We aimed this study to investigate whether 20(S)- and 20(R)-Rh2 can suppress tumor invasion in human CRC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20(S)- and 20(R)-Rh2 were isolated from the roots of ginseng. Human CRC cells were incubated with 20(S)- or 20(R)-Rh2 in the presence or absence of interleukin-6. An MTT assay was used to measure cell viability. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed to determine levels of expression and phosphorylation. An invasion assay was performed using a Boyden chamber system with the Matrigel-coated membrane to measure cancer cell invasion. RESULTS 20(S)- and 20(R)-Rh2 showed differential cytotoxic activity. Only 20(S)-Rh2 decreased cancer cell viability. Additionally, 20(S)-Rh2 effectively inhibited IL-6-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-1, -2, and -9, resulting in inhibition of cancer cell invasion. Interestingly, these pharmacological activities of 20(S)-Rh2 were more potent than those of 20(R)-Rh2. Furthermore, combination treatment showed that 20(S)-Rh2 enhanced the sensitization of doxorubicin-treated anti-cancer activities in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 has therapeutic potential for the treatment with CRC and may be valuable as a combination partner with more classic chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ae Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heejung Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hak Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woong Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 47315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Bak Y, Kwon T, Bak IS, Hong J, Yu DY, Yoon DY. IL-32θ inhibits stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer stem cells via the STAT3 pathway in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7307-17. [PMID: 26824417 PMCID: PMC4872787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is a well-known cytokine associated with inflammation, virus infections and cancer. IL-32θ is a newly identified isoform of IL-32, whose function has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated IL-32θ function in colon cancer stem cells. Using samples from colon cancer patients, we found that the expression of IL-32θ mRNAs was significantly suppressed in tumor regions. We investigated the effects of IL-32θ on colon cancer. Ectopic expression of IL-32θ attenuated invasion, migration in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. IL-32θ inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the suppression of their migratory and invasive capabilities of HT29 colon cancer cells. In addition, IL-32θ altered various properties of CSCs, including sphere formation and expression of stemness related genes. IL-32θ directly bound to STAT3 and inhibited its nuclear translocation, leading to inhibited transcription of downstream factors, including Bmi1 and ZEB1. We showed that IL-32θ inhibited the STAT3-ZEB1 pathway and consequently inhibited key factors of stemness and EMT. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-32θ can be a tumor suppressor, indicating that IL-32θ could possibly be used in therapies for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Role of let-7 family microRNA in breast cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:77-82. [PMID: 30159414 PMCID: PMC6096426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and resistance to therapy significantly contribute to cancer-related deaths. Growing body of evidence suggest that altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is one of the root cause of adverse clinical outcome. miRNAs such as let-7 are the new fine tuners of signaling cascade and cellular processes which regulates the genes in post-transcriptional manner. In this review, we described the regulation of let-7 expression and the involvement of molecular factors in this process. We discussed the mechanism by which let-7 alter the expression of genes involved in the process of tumorigenesis. Further, we listed the pathways targeted by let-7 to reduce the burden of the tumor. In addition, we described the role of let-7 in breast cancer metastasis and stemness properties. This article will provide the in-depth insight into the biology of let-7 miRNA and its role in the breast cancer progression.
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38
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Lin L, Jou D, Wang Y, Ma H, Liu T, Fuchs J, Li PK, Lü J, Li C, Lin J. STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24+ stem cell-like pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2265-2274. [PMID: 27748818 PMCID: PMC5118001 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is commonly detected in many types of cancer including pancreatic cancer. Whether STAT3 is activated in stem cell-like pancreatic cancer cells and the effect of STAT3 inhibition, is still unknown. Flow cytometry was used to isolate pancreatic cancer stem-like cells which are identified by both aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive (ALDH+) as well as cluster of differentiation (CD) 44-positive/CD24-positive subpopulations (CD44+/CD24+). STAT3 activation and the effects of STAT3 inhibition by STAT3 inhibitors, LLL12, FLLL32, and Stattic in ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24+ cells were examined. Our results showed that ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24+ pancreatic cancer stem-like cells expressed higher levels of phosphorylated STAT3, an active form of STAT3, compared to ALDH-negative (ALDH−) and CD44-negative/CD24-negative (CD44−/CD24−) pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that STAT3 is activated in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. Small molecular STAT3 inhibitors inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 downstream target gene expression, cell viability, and tumorsphere formation in ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24+ cells. Our results indicate that STAT3 is a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells and inhibition of activated STAT3 in these cells by STAT3 inhibitors may offer an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - David Jou
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - James Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiagao Lü
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Zheng J, Park MH, Son DJ, Choi MG, Choi JS, Nam KT, Kim HD, Rodriguez K, Gann B, Ham YW, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol inhibits growth of colon tumors in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41929-43. [PMID: 26474284 PMCID: PMC4747199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal showed anti-cancer effect, but it showed lack of stability and drug likeness. We have prepared several (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal analogues by Heck reaction. We selected two compounds which showed significant inhibitory effect of colon cancer cell growth. Thus, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects and possible mechanisms of one compound (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol induced apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner (0-15 μg/ml) through activation of Fas and death receptor (DR) 3 in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines. Moreover, the combination treatment with (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, phenylarsine oxide (0.1 μM) or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, Stattic (50 μM) increased the expression of Fas and DR3 more significantly. In addition, (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol suppressed the DNA binding activity of both STAT3 and NF-κB. Knock down of STAT3 or NF-κB p50 subunit by STAT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or p50 siRNA magnified (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol-induced inhibitory effect on colon cancer cell growth. Besides, the expression of Fas and DR3 was increased in STAT3 siRNA or p50 siRNA transfected cells. Moreover, docking model and pull-down assay showed that (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol directly bound to STAT3 and NF-κB p50 subunit. Furthermore, (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol inhibited colon tumor growth in a dose dependent manner (2.5 mg/kg-5 mg/kg) in mice. Therefore, these findings indicated that (E)-4-(3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-methoxyphenol may be a promising anti-cancer agent for colon cancer with more advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Deun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin Gann
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Ji K, Zhang M, Chu Q, Gan Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Wang L, Li X, Wang W. The Role of p-STAT3 as a Prognostic and Clinicopathological Marker in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160125. [PMID: 27504822 PMCID: PMC4978497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) has been detected in a variety of human tumors. However, the association of positive p-STAT3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients remain controversial. To identify the relationship between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, and SinoMed through 27 March, 2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. Results Seventeen studies including a total of 2,346 colorectal cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combined HR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.23–1.67, P < 0.001), which suggested a positive relationship between p-STAT3 overexpression and poorer overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. In addition, the results indicated that positive p-STAT3 expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18–5.01, P = 0.02) but was not associated with TNM stage, tumor differentiation or gender. Conclusion The meta-analysis results suggest that p-STAT3 overexpression is unfavorable for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients, and p-STAT3 overexpression is associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Chu
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
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41
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Yang F, Ye T, Liu Z, Fang A, Luo Y, wei W, Li Y, Li Y, Zeng A, Deng Y, Gou H, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y. Niclosamide induces colorectal cancer apoptosis, impairs metastasis and reduces immunosuppressive cells in vivo. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21533e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with considerable metastatic potential, explaining the need for new candidates that inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
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42
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Bryant T, Brewer M, Biddick L, Lightfoot S, Lang ML, Rao CV. Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells promotes intestinal tumorigenesis and is associated with decreased NK cells and IL-22 binding protein. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:986-98. [PMID: 24797894 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High number of regulatory T cells (Tregs), both circulating and at the tumor site, often indicates a poor prognosis in CRC patient's possibly impairing natural killer (NK) cell function. To determine the role of Tregs in CRC development and their effects on NK cells, we created novel transgenic Rag-Apc mice that lack T cells and develop spontaneous intestinal tumors, and we adoptively transferred Tregs or transiently depleted NK cells during initial stages of tumorigenesis. In 6-weeks old Rag-Apc mice containing microscopic intestinal tumors adoptive transfer of Tregs or transient NK cell depletion dramatically associated with an increase in intestinal tumor multiplicity and tumor size, with significantly decreased survival rates. Importantly, Treg transfer increased small intestinal polyp formation up to 65% (P < 0.0005) and increased colon tumors multiplicities by 84% (P < 0.0001) with a significant decrease in NK cells as compared to control mice. Similarly, in NK depleted mice, colon tumor multiplicities increased up to 40% and small intestinal polyp formation up to 60% (P < 0.0001). Treg transfer or NK cell transient depletion markedly increased interleukin (IL)-22 systemically and the inflammatory signaling molecules P2X7R, and STAT3 in the tumors; and impaired production of the tumor suppressor interferon (IFN)-γ systemically. Notably, IL-22 binding protein (IL-22 BP) was associated with NKs and a significant decrease was seen at the tumor site in mice adoptively transferred with Tregs or depleted of NK cells. Our results suggest that adoptive transfer of Tregs aggressively promote intestinal tumorigenesis by decreasing NK cell number and activity by modulating IL-22 BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Taylor Bryant
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Misty Brewer
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Laura Biddick
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Dehghannasiri R, Yoon BJ, Dougherty ER. Efficient experimental design for uncertainty reduction in gene regulatory networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16 Suppl 13:S2. [PMID: 26423515 PMCID: PMC4597030 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-16-s13-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An accurate understanding of interactions among genes plays a major role in developing therapeutic intervention methods. Gene regulatory networks often contain a significant amount of uncertainty. The process of prioritizing biological experiments to reduce the uncertainty of gene regulatory networks is called experimental design. Under such a strategy, the experiments with high priority are suggested to be conducted first. Results The authors have already proposed an optimal experimental design method based upon the objective for modeling gene regulatory networks, such as deriving therapeutic interventions. The experimental design method utilizes the concept of mean objective cost of uncertainty (MOCU). MOCU quantifies the expected increase of cost resulting from uncertainty. The optimal experiment to be conducted first is the one which leads to the minimum expected remaining MOCU subsequent to the experiment. In the process, one must find the optimal intervention for every gene regulatory network compatible with the prior knowledge, which can be prohibitively expensive when the size of the network is large. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient experimental design method. This method incorporates a network reduction scheme by introducing a novel cost function that takes into account the disruption in the ranking of potential experiments. We then estimate the approximate expected remaining MOCU at a lower computational cost using the reduced networks. Conclusions Simulation results based on synthetic and real gene regulatory networks show that the proposed approximate method has close performance to that of the optimal method but at lower computational cost. The proposed approximate method also outperforms the random selection policy significantly. A MATLAB software implementing the proposed experimental design method is available at http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/roozbeh15a/.
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Cao L, Chen S, Zhang C, Chen C, Lu N, Jiang Y, Cai Y, Yin Y, Xu J. ING4 enhances paclitaxel's effect on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:2919-2927. [PMID: 26045800 PMCID: PMC4440109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) is a tumor suppressor that can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. ING4 expression levels show negative correlation with the clinical stage, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer. Further insights are needed to analyze the effect of adenovirus-mediated ING4 on colorectal cancer cell growth and the response to paclitaxel treatment. In this study, we found adenovirus-mediated ING4 expression reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in the SW1116 cells. p-Stat3 and Ki-67 expression significantly decreased in the SW1116 cells treated with Ad-ING4, PTX, or Ad-ING4+PTX compared with those treated with PBS or Ad-GFP both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). In animal experiments, the mice treated with Ad-ING4, PTX, or Ad-ING4+PTX exhibited significantly inhibited growth of SW1116 xenografts compared with those treated with PBS or Ad-GFP (P<0.05) and the combination (Ad-ING4+PTX) treatment exhibited the highest inhibition. Our results highlight that Ad-ING4 significantly inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in SW1116 colorectal cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in SW1116 xenografts by downregulating p-Stat3 and Ki-67 expression. A combination of Ad-ING4 and PTX exhibits the highest inhibition, indicating that ING4 enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shunhua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Nana Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s HospitalHefei 230061, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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Ying J, Tsujii M, Kondo J, Hayashi Y, Kato M, Akasaka T, Inoue T, Shiraishi E, Inoue T, Hiyama S, Tsujii Y, Maekawa A, Kawai S, Fujinaga T, Araki M, Shinzaki S, Watabe K, Nishida T, Iijima H, Takehara T. The effectiveness of an anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy to target colon cancer stem-like cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1551-9. [PMID: 25625841 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) can initiate and sustain tumor growth and exhibit resistance to clinical cytotoxic therapies. Therefore, CSCs represent the main target of anticancer therapy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes cellular proliferation and drug resistance in colorectal cancer, and its serum levels correlate with patient survival. Therefore, IL-6 and its downstream signaling molecule the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) represent potential molecular targets. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IL-6 and its downstream signaling components on stem cell biology, particularly the chemoresistance of CSCs, to explore potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. The colon cancer cell line WiDr was cultured in serum-free, non-adherent, and three-dimensional spheroid-forming conditions to enrich the stem cell-like population. Spheroid-forming cells slowly proliferated and expressed high levels of Oct-4, Klf4, Bmi-1, Lgr5, IL-6, and Notch 3 compared with adherent cells. Treatment with an anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody reduced spheroid formation, stem cell-related gene expression, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance. In addition, IL-6 treatment enhanced the levels of p-STAT3 (Tyr705), the expression of Oct-4, Klf4, Lgr5, and Notch 3, and chemoresistance to 5-FU. siRNA targeting Notch 3 suppressed spheroid formation, Oct-4 and Lgr5 expression, and 5-FU chemoresistance, whereas STAT3 inhibition enhanced Oct-4, Klf4, Lgr5, and Notch 3 expression and 5-FU chemoresistance along with reduced spheroid growth. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-6 functions in dichotomous pathways involving Notch 3 induction and STAT3 activation. The former pathway is involved in cancer stem-like cell biology and enhanced chemoresistance, and the latter pathway leads to accelerated proliferation and reduced chemoresistance. Thus, an anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody or Notch 3 inhibition may be superior to STAT3 inhibition for CSC-targeting therapies concomitant with anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Akasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuta Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tahahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maekawa Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hou S, Yi YW, Kang HJ, Zhang L, Kim HJ, Kong Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Kong HS, Grindrod S, Bae I, Brown ML. Novel carbazole inhibits phospho-STAT3 through induction of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6342-53. [PMID: 24978112 DOI: 10.1021/jm4018042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of STAT3 occurs in many human cancers and promotes tumor progression. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine at amino acid Y705 is essential for the function of STAT3. Synthesized carbazole derived with fluorophore compound 12 was discovered to target STAT3 phosphorylation. Compound 12 was found to inhibit STAT3-mediated transcription as well as to reduce IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cell lines expressing both elevated and low levels of phospho-STAT3 (Y705). Compound 12 potently induced apoptosis in a broad number of TNBC cancer cell lines in vitro and was effective at inhibiting the in vivo growth of human TNBC xenograft tumors (SUM149) without any observed toxicity. Compound 12 also effectively inhibited the growth of human lung tumor xenografts (A549) harboring aberrantly active STAT3. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the inhibitory effects of 12 on phospho-STAT3 were through up-regulation of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. Our present studies strongly support the continued preclinical evaluation of compound 12 as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for TNBC and cancers with constitutive STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center , 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, United States
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Genome-wide uncovering of STAT3-mediated miRNA expression profiles in colorectal cancer cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:187105. [PMID: 25126546 PMCID: PMC4121995 DOI: 10.1155/2014/187105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies resulting in high mortality worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor which is frequently activated and aberrantly expressed in CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs which play important roles in many cancers. However, little is known about the global miRNA profiles mediated by STAT3 in CRC cells. In the present study, we applied RNA interference to inhibit STAT3 expression and profiled the miRNA expression levels regulated by STAT3 in CRC cell lines with deep sequencing. We found that 26 and 21 known miRNAs were significantly overexpressed and downexpressed, respectively, in the STAT3-knockdown CRC cell line SW480 (SW480/STAT3-siRNA) compared to SW480 transfected with scrambled siRNAs (SW480/siRNA-control). The miRNA expression profiling was then validated by quantitative real-time PCR for selected known miRNAs. We further predicted the putative target genes for the dysregulated miRNAs and carried out functional annotation including GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis for selected miRNA targets. This study directly depicts STAT3-mediated miRNA profiles in CRC cells, which provides a possible way to discover biomarkers for CRC therapy.
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48
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Xiong H, Du W, Sun TT, Lin YW, Wang JL, Hong J, Fang JY. A positive feedback loop between STAT3 and cyclooxygenase-2 gene may contribute to Helicobacter pylori-associated human gastric tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2030-40. [PMID: 24127267 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) contributes to gastric diseases including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. However, the pathogenesis of this carcinogenic bacterium has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report that H. pylori rapidly triggers STAT3 signaling and induces STAT3-dependent COX-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 upregulates COX-2 by binding to and increasing the activity of COX-2 promoter. COX-2 in turn regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling under basal conditions and during H. pylori infection. These findings suggest that a positive feedback loop between STAT3 and COX-2 exists in the basal condition and H. pylori infectious condition. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that H. pylori-positive gastritis tissues exhibited markedly higher levels of pSTAT3(Tyr705) than H. pylori-negative ones. High pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels are correlated with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, suggesting pSTAT3(Tyr705) may be useful in the early detection of gastric tumorigenesis. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between STAT3/pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels and COX-2 expression was identified in gastritis and gastric cancer tissues. Together, these findings provide new evidence for a positive feedback loop between STAT3 signaling and COX-2 in H. pylori pathogenesis and may lead to new approaches for early detection and effective therapy of gastric cancer
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Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer with alantolactone and isoalantolactone. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:248532. [PMID: 24288468 PMCID: PMC3826378 DOI: 10.1155/2013/248532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alantolactone and isoalantolactone, main bioactive compounds that are present in many medicinal plants such as Inula helenium, L. Inula japonica, Aucklandia lappa, Inula racemosa, and Radix inulae, have been found to have various pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, with no significant toxicity. Recently, the anticancer activity of alantolactone and isoalantolactone has been extensively investigated. Here, our aim is to review their natural sources and their anticancer activity with specific emphasis on mechanism of actions, by which these compounds act on apoptosis pathways. Based on the literature and also on our previous results, alantolactone and isoalantolactone induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that alantolactone and isoalantolactone are potential promising anticancer candidates, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine their specific intracellular sites of actions and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanisms of therapeutic effects to further validate in cancer chemotherapy.
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50
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Uddin S, Hussain AR, Khan OS, Al-Kuraya KS. Role of dysregulated expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:871-9. [PMID: 24014051 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a multifunctional adipose-derived cytokine that plays a critical role in bodyweight homeostasis and energy balance. Plasma level of leptin is an indicator of the amount of energy stored in adipose tissues. Recently, leptin and leptin receptor dysregulation have been reported in a variety of malignant cells including colorectal cancers (CRCs). There are growing evidence that leptin may be the link between obesity and CRC carcinogenesis. Leptin influence the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via activation of various growth and survival signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, PI3-kinase/AKT, and/or MAP kinases. In this review, current understanding of leptin and its receptor's roles in the pathogenesis of colonogenic cancer has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia,
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