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Cotchim S, Kongkaew S, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Limbut W. A dual-electrode label-free immunosensor based on in situ prepared Au-MoO 3-Chi/porous graphene nanoparticles for point-of-care detection of cholangiocarcinoma. Talanta 2024; 272:125755. [PMID: 38364561 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor was prepared for the detection of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles, molybdenum trioxide, and chitosan (Au-MoO3-Chi) was layer-by-layer assembled on the porous graphene (PG) modified a dual screen-printed electrode using a self-assembling technique, which increased surface area and conductivity and enhanced the adsorption of immobilized antibodies. The stepwise self-assembling procedure of the modified electrode was further characterized morphologically and functionally. The electroanalytical detection of biomarkers was based on the interaction between the antibody and antigen of each marker via linear sweep voltammetry using ferrocyanide/ferricyanide as an electrochemical redox indicator. Under optimized conditions, the fabricated immunosensor showed linear relationships between current change (ΔI) and antigen concentrations in two ranges: 0.0025-0.1 U mL-1 and 0.1-1.0 U mL-1 for CA19-9, and 0.001-0.01 ng mL-1 and 0.01-1.0 ng mL-1 for CEA. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.0 mU mL-1 for CA19-9 and 0.5 pg mL-1 for CEA. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 3.3 mU mL-1 for CA19-9 and 1.6 pg mL-1 for CEA. The selectivity of the developed immunosensor was tested on mixtures of antigens and was then successfully applied to determine CA19-9 and CEA in human serum samples, producing satisfactory results consistent with the clinical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Cotchim
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Kikuchi Y, Shimada H, Yamasaki F, Yamashita T, Araki K, Horimoto K, Yajima S, Yashiro M, Yokoi K, Cho H, Ehira T, Nakahara K, Yasuda H, Isobe K, Hayashida T, Hatakeyama S, Akakura K, Aoki D, Nomura H, Tada Y, Yoshimatsu Y, Miyachi H, Takebayashi C, Hanamura I, Takahashi H. Clinical practice guidelines for molecular tumor marker, 2nd edition review part 2. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:512-534. [PMID: 38493447 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, rapid advancement in gene/protein analysis technology has resulted in target molecule identification that may be useful in cancer treatment. Therefore, "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Molecular Tumor Marker, Second Edition" was published in Japan in September 2021. These guidelines were established to align the clinical usefulness of external diagnostic products with the evaluation criteria of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. The guidelines were scoped for each tumor, and a clinical questionnaire was developed based on a serious clinical problem. This guideline was based on a careful review of the evidence obtained through a literature search, and recommendations were identified following the recommended grades of the Medical Information Network Distribution Services (Minds). Therefore, this guideline can be a tool for cancer treatment in clinical practice. We have already reported the review portion of "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Molecular Tumor Marker, Second Edition" as Part 1. Here, we present the English version of each part of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Molecular Tumor Marker, Second Edition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Araki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Horimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ehira
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Isobe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hayashida
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Aoki
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Department of Patient-Derived Cancer Model, Tochigi Cancer Center Research Institute, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hayato Miyachi
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nitobe Bunka College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takebayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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Cao J, Srinivas-Rao S, Mroueh N, Anand R, Kongboonvijit S, Sertic M, Shenoy-Bhangle AS, Kambadakone A. Cholangiocarcinoma imaging: from diagnosis to response assessment. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:1699-1715. [PMID: 38578323 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive primary liver cancer arising from the bile duct epithelium, represents a substantial proportion of hepatobiliary malignancies, posing formidable challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Notably, the global incidence of intrahepatic CCA has seen a rise, necessitating a critical examination of diagnostic and management strategies, especially due to presence of close imaging mimics such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). Hence, it is imperative to understand the role of various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elucidating their strengths, and limitations in diagnostic precision and staging accuracy. Beyond conventional approaches, there is emerging significance of functional imaging tools including positron emission tomography (PET)-CT and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, providing pivotal insights into diagnosis, therapeutic assessment, and prognostic evaluation. This comprehensive review explores the risk factors, classification, clinical features, and role of imaging in the holistic spectrum of diagnosis, staging, management, and restaging for CCA, hence serving as a valuable resource for radiologists evaluating CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cao
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Shravya Srinivas-Rao
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Nayla Mroueh
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Roshni Anand
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Sasiprang Kongboonvijit
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
- Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Madeleine Sertic
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Anuradha S Shenoy-Bhangle
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
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Kodali S, Connor AA, Brombosz EW, Ghobrial RM. Update on the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:151-158. [PMID: 38680168 PMCID: PMC11047158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a neoplasm of the biliary tract that has become increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Common risk factors for developing CCA include cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and trematode fluke infestation, although there are no set screening guidelines in high-risk groups. Lesions are typically identified via cross-sectional imaging and/or elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, often followed by cytology or brushings with fluorescence in situ hybridization for confirmation. Treatments can vary among CCA subtypes but frequently involve systemic therapies such as gemcitabine and cisplatin with durvalumab or pembrolizumab. Targeted therapies may also be effective (eg, ivosidenib, pemigatinib, infigratinib, futibatinib) depending on the molecular alterations present. Resection is the most common surgical treatment for CCA, although liver transplantation is also an option in highly selected patients with liver-limited unresectable disease. Radiotherapy may also be a treatment option, as well as transarterial radioembolization (eg, yttrium-90), which is often utilized in combination with systemic therapy. Although patients with CCA have traditionally had a poor prognosis, recent advances in treatment, including new systemic therapies and increased utilization of liver transplantation, have improved expected survival. This article reviews screening modalities, pros and cons of diagnostic techniques, and therapies that are currently available to treat patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Kodali
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, J. C. Walter Jr Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ashton A. Connor
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, J. C. Walter Jr Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - R. Mark Ghobrial
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, J. C. Walter Jr Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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5
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Qian L, Wang G, Li B, Su H, Qin L. Regulation of lipid metabolism by APOE4 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via the enhancement of ABCA1 membrane expression. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16740. [PMID: 38274331 PMCID: PMC10809977 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis, thus the discovery of promising diagnostic markers and treatment targets is still required. In this study, 1,852 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GSE45001 dataset for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the turquoise module was confirmed as the key module. Next, the subnetworks of the 1,009 genes in the turquoise module analyzed by MCODE, MCC, and BottleNeck algorithms identified nine overlapping genes (CAT, APOA1, APOC2, HSD17B4, EHHADH, APOA2, APOE4, ACOX1, AGXT), significantly associated with lipid metabolism pathways, such as peroxisome and cholesterol metabolism. Among them, APOE4 exhibited a potential tumor-suppressive role in ICC and high diagnostic value for ICC in both GSE45001 and GSE32879 datasets. In vitro experiments demonstrated Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) overexpression suppressed ICC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, knockdown was the opposite trend. And in ICC modulated lipid metabolism, notably decreasing levels of TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, while concurrently increasing the expressions of TC. Further, APOE4 also downregulated lipid metabolism-related genes, suggesting a key regulatory role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and regulating the expression of the membrane protein ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). These findings highlighted the coordinated regulation of lipid metabolism by APOE4 and ABCA1 in ICC progression, providing new insights into ICC mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyuan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kafle A, Suttiprapa S. Current State of Knowledge on Blood and Tissue-Based Biomarkers for Opisthorchis viverrini-induced Cholangiocarcinoma: A Review of Prognostic, Predictive, and Diagnostic Markers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:25-41. [PMID: 38285765 PMCID: PMC10911713 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a prevalent cancer in Southeast Asia, with Opisthorchis viverrini (O.viverrini) infection being the primary risk factor. Most CCA cases in this region are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to unfavorable prognoses. The development of stage-specific biomarkers for Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) holds crucial significance, as it facilitates early detection and timely administration of curative interventions, effectively mitigating the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with this disease in the Great Mekong region. Biomarkers are a promising approach for early detection, prognosis, and targeted treatment of CCA. Disease-specific biomarkers facilitate early detection and enable monitoring of therapy effectiveness, allowing for any necessary corrections. This review provides an overview of the potential O. viverrini-specific molecular biomarkers and important markers for diagnosing and monitoring Ov-CCA, discussing their prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic value. Despite the limited research in this domain, several potential biomarkers have been identified, encompassing both worm-induced and host-induced factors. This review offers a thorough examination of historical and contemporary progress in identifying biomarkers through multiomics techniques, along with their potential implications for early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kafle
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Wheless M, Agarwal R, Goff L, Lockney N, Padmanabhan C, Heumann T. Current Standards, Multidisciplinary Approaches, and Future Directions in the Management of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:127-160. [PMID: 38177560 PMCID: PMC10824875 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Biliary tract cancers are molecularly and anatomically diverse cancers which include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic (perihilar and distal) cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. While recognized as distinct entities, the rarer incidence of these cancers combined with diagnostic challenges in classifying anatomic origin has resulted in clinical trials and guideline recommended strategies being generalized patients with all types of biliary tract cancer. In this review, we delve into the unique aspects, subtype-specific clinical trial outcomes, and multidisciplinary management of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. When resectable, definitive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (sometimes with selective radiation/chemoradiation) is current standard of care. Due to high recurrence rates, there is growing interest in the use of upfront/neoadjuvant therapy to improve surgical outcomes and to downstage patients who may not initially be resectable. Select patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma are being successfully treated with novel approaches such as liver transplant. In the advanced disease setting, combination gemcitabine and cisplatin remains the standard base for systemic therapy and was recently improved upon with the addition of immune checkpoint blockade to the chemotherapy doublet in the recently reported TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 trials. Second-line all-comer treatments for these patients remain limited in both options and efficacy, so clinical trial participation should be strongly considered. With increased use of molecular testing, detection of actionable mutations and opportunities to receive indicated targeted therapies are on the rise and are the most significant driver of improved survival for patients with advanced stage disease. Though these targeted therapies are currently reserved for the second or later line, future trials are looking at moving these to earlier treatment settings and use in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition to cross-disciplinary management with surgical, medical, and radiation oncology, patient-centered care should also include collaboration with advanced endoscopists, palliative care specialists, and nutritionists to improve global patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Wheless
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building Suite 798, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building Suite 798, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura Goff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building Suite 798, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalie Lockney
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Padmanabhan
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology & Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thatcher Heumann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building Suite 798, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Catanzaro E, Gringeri E, Burra P, Gambato M. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4947. [PMID: 37894314 PMCID: PMC10604939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), accounting for 2-8% of cases and being the leading cause of death in these patients. The majority of PSC-associated CCAs (PSC-CCA) develop within the first few years after PSC diagnosis. Older age and male sex, as well as concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or high-grade biliary stenosis, are some of the most relevant risk factors. A complex combination of molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways, direct cytopathic damage, and epigenetic and genetic alterations are involved in cholangiocytes carcinogenesis. The insidious clinical presentation makes early detection difficult, and the integration of biochemical, radiological, and histological features does not always lead to a definitive diagnosis of PSC-CCA. Surveillance is mandatory, but current guideline strategies failed to improve early detection and consequently a higher patient survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), gene methylation, proteomic and metabolomic profile, and extracellular vesicle components are some of the novel biomarkers recently applied in PSC-CCA detection with promising results. The integration of these new molecular approaches in PSC diagnosis and monitoring could contribute to new diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Catanzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Lee JH, Kim DK, Lee MY, Lim HS, Kwon MJ, Lee YT, Yoon KJ, Park CH. The Association of Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 Levels and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3394. [PMID: 37571330 PMCID: PMC10421491 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a commonly used tumor marker for pancreatic cancer. However, CA 19-9 can be overexpressed in several benign inflammatory diseases. We investigated the relationship between high CA 19-9 level and low muscle mass (LMM) in healthy adults without cancer. Participants who underwent evaluation of muscle mass and CA 19-9 were included. Exclusion criteria were any malignancy, cardiovascular disease, tuberculosis, and chronic lung/liver disease. Participants were classified into "normal", "mild LMM", and "severe LMM" groups based on the skeletal muscle mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of high CA 19-9 with muscle mass status. A total of 263,061 adults were included. The mean age and SMI were 41.03 years and 7.13 kg/m2. After adjustments for various confounders, high CA 19-9 was independently associated with mild LMM (adjusted odds ratio, 1.677 [95% confidence interval, 1.533-1.834]) and severe LMM (2.651 [2.126-3.306]) compared to the normal group. Furthermore, the association between high CA 19-9 and severe LMM was stronger in men than in women. Elevated CA 19-9 levels were independently associated with a higher prevalence of LMM in healthy adults without cancer. Therefore, increased CA 19-9 could be utilized as a novel biomarker for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (H.-S.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (K.J.Y.)
| | - Mi-Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han-Sol Lim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (H.-S.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (K.J.Y.)
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (H.-S.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (K.J.Y.)
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (H.-S.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (K.J.Y.)
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (H.-S.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (K.J.Y.)
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Chen W, Wang S, Zhao H, Wang G, Qin R, Huang F, Geng W, Liu Z, Wang W, Wu R, Hou L, Ye Z, Zhang X, Geng X, Yu X. High level of tumor marker CA19-9 returned to normal after cholecystectomy in calculous cholecystitis patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:643-648. [PMID: 36644950 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2163184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum CA19-9 is usually caused by pancreaticobiliary malignancies, but it has also been found in a tiny minority of calculous cholecystitis patients. AIMS To clarify the relationship between calculous cholecystitis and serum CA19-9. METHODS Clinical data of calculous cholecystitis patients with high serum CA19-9 (high group, n = 20) and normal serum CA19-9 (normal group, n = 40) who underwent cholecystectomy were analyzed. Serum CA19-9 of high group were followed-up and gallbladder specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Serum CA19-9 in the high group ranged from 105 to 1635 U/ml, of which 30% exceeded 1000 U/ml. Follow-up results showed that 20 patient's serum CA19-9 returned to normal after cholecystectomy, including 4 closely followed-up patients whose serum CA19-9 recovered within one month. Immunohistochemical results revealed that CA19-9 was mildly positive only in mucosal epithelial cells in the normal group, but positive in mucosal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and intercellular substances in the high group, accounting for high serum CA19-9. CONCLUSION Serum CA19-9 is proved to be associated with calculous cholecystitis for the first time, so that clinicians should consider calculous cholecystitis associated CA19-9 elevation in the clinic practice besides other CA19-9 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shouwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Qin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liujin Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenghui Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Lee S, Kim H, Sohn H, Lee M, Jung H, Jo Y, Han Y, Kwon W, Jang JY. The Optimal Cutoff Value of Tumor Markers for Prognosis Prediction in Ampullary Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082281. [PMID: 37190211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a representative tumor marker used for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers. There are few published research results that can be applied to actual clinical practice for ampullary cancer (AC) alone. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between the prognosis of AC and the level of CA 19-9, and to determine the optimal thresholds. METHODS Patients who underwent curative resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD)) for AC at the Seoul National University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2017 were enrolled. To determine the optimal cutoff values that could clearly stratify the survival outcome, the conditional inference tree (C-tree) method was used. After obtaining the optimal cutoff values, they were compared to the upper normal clinical limit of 36 U/mL for CA 19-9. Results In total, 385 patients were enrolled in this study. The median value of the tumor marker CA 19-9 was 18.6 U/mL. Using the C-tree method, 46 U/mL was determined to be the optimal cutoff value for CA 19-9. Histological differentiation, N stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significant predictors. CA 19-9 36 U/mL had marginal significance as a prognostic factor. In contrast, the new cutoff value, CA 19-9 46 U/mL, was found to be a statistically significant prognostic factor (HR: 1.37, p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The new cutoff value of CA 19-9 46 U/mL may be used for evaluating the prognosis of AC. Therefore, it may be an effective indicator for determining treatment strategies such as surgical treatments and adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Sohn
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesol Jung
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Jo
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Departments of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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12
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Karasic TB, Eads JR, Goyal L. Precision Medicine and Immunotherapy Have Arrived for Cholangiocarcinoma: An Overview of Recent Approvals and Ongoing Clinical Trials. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200573. [PMID: 37053534 PMCID: PMC10309532 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Karasic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer R. Eads
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto, CA
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13
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Gkountakos A, Martelli FM, Silvestris N, Bevere M, De Bellis M, Alaimo L, Sapuppo E, Masetto F, Mombello A, Simbolo M, Bariani E, Milella M, Fassan M, Scarpa A, Luchini C. Extrahepatic Distal Cholangiocarcinoma vs. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Histology and Molecular Profiling for Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051454. [PMID: 36900245 PMCID: PMC10001378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) are very aggressive tumors with a high mortality rate. Pancreas and distal bile ducts share a common embryonic development. Hence, PDAC and dCCA exhibit similar histological features that make a differential diagnosis during routine diagnostic practice challenging. However, there are also significant differences, with potential clinical implications. Even if PDAC and dCCA are generally associated with poor survival, patients with dCCA seem to present a better prognosis. Moreover, although precision oncology-based approaches are still limited in both entities, their most important targets are different and include alterations affecting BRCA1/2 and related genes in PDAC, as well as HER2 amplification in dCCA. Along this line, microsatellite instability represents a potential contact point in terms of tailored treatments, but its prevalence is very low in both tumor types. This review aims at defining the most important similarities and differences in terms of clinicopathological and molecular features between these two entities, also discussing the main theranostic implications derived from this challenging differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Gkountakos
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Martelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Bevere
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mario De Bellis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Alaimo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Sapuppo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Masetto
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Mombello
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Bariani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Blaj S, Dora D, Lohinai Z, Herold Z, Szasz AM, Herzberg J, Kodacsi R, Baransi S, Schlitt HJ, Hornung M, Werner JM, Slowik P, Acs M, Piso P. Prognostic Factors in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei with Emphasis on the Predictive Role of Peritoneal Cancer Index and Tumor Markers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041326. [PMID: 36831667 PMCID: PMC9954733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare peritoneal condition where mucus-secreting tumorous cells progressively produce a thick, gelatin-like substance. The prognosis of patients with PMP is determined by the degree of cellularity within the mucin (low-grade (LAMN) vs. high-grade (HAMN) histologic features) and by the extent of the disease. METHODS Prognostic relevance of tumor markers CA19-9 and CEA, gender, Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI), and completeness of cytoreduction (CC) after cytoreductive surgery were evaluated on 193 consecutive PMP patients, based on a retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data from a German tertial referral center. RESULTS We demonstrated that low PCI, CC0 status, low-grade histology, and female gender were independent positive prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, LAMN patients with achieved CC0 status show significantly better OS and PFS compared to those with CC1 status (p = 0.0353 and p = 0.0026 respectively). In contrast, the duration and drug of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) were not prognostic in any comparison. Increased CA19-9 and CEA levels were significantly associated with HAMN cases, but also predicted recurrence in patients with low-grade histologies. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the prognostic role of tumor markers and emphasized the importance of CC status and PCI in a large cohort of PMP- and LAMN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Blaj
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, D-93049 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-941-369-94291 (S.B.); +49-941-944-6834 (M.A.)
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- Translational Medicine Institute, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Hospital Torokbalint, H-2045 Torokbalint, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jonas Herzberg
- Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - Roland Kodacsi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saher Baransi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence Nightingale Hospital, D-40489 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hornung
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens M. Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Slowik
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miklos Acs
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, D-93049 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-941-369-94291 (S.B.); +49-941-944-6834 (M.A.)
| | - Pompiliu Piso
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, D-93049 Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Gyawali S, Pokhrel B, Uprety P, Gnawali A. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, a mimicker of the cholangiocarcinoma: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6935. [PMID: 36789321 PMCID: PMC9909256 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An 83-year-old-male patient presented with obstructive jaundice, whose imagings were consistent with the cholangiocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct. The tumor markers were within normal limits. IgG4 level was raised; therefore, IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis was made as the provisional diagnosis. Steroid therapy was started to which he responded well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddinath Gyawali
- Department of GastroenterologyTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of MedicineKathmanduNepal
| | - Biraj Pokhrel
- Department of GastroenterologyTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of MedicineKathmanduNepal
| | - Pratik Uprety
- Department of Internal MedicineB.P. Koirala Institute of Health ScienceDharanNepal
| | - Arun Gnawali
- Department of GastroenterologyTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of MedicineKathmanduNepal
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16
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Yasuta S, Sugimoto M, Kudo M, Kobayashi S, Takahashi S, Konishi M, Gotohda N. Early postoperative decrease of skeletal muscle mass predicts recurrence and poor survival after surgical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1358. [PMID: 36578076 PMCID: PMC9795591 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative sarcopenia is a predictor of poor survival in cancer patients. We hypothesized that sarcopenia could progress as occult metastasis arose, especially after highly invasive surgery for highly aggressive malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of postoperative changes in skeletal muscle mass volume with survival outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS Fifty-six patients who underwent major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were studied. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra was calculated from axial computed tomography images taken preoperatively and 3-6 months postoperatively (early postoperative period). The associations of clinicopathological variables, including changes of SMI after surgery, with overall survival and recurrence-free survival were evaluated. Moreover, the associations of decreased SMI and elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level with early recurrence and poor survival was compared. RESULTS Among 56 patients, 26 (46%) had sarcopenia preoperatively and SMI decreased in 29 (52%) in the early postoperative period. During the median follow-up of 57.9 months, 35 patients (63%) developed recurrence and 29 (50%) died. Decreased SMI in the early postoperative period was independently associated with a shorter overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-6.18; P = 0.049) and a shorter recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.57; P = 0.039), whereas elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level was not. CONCLUSIONS Decreased SMI in the early postoperative period may be used as a predictor for recurrence and poor survival in patients undergoing surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yasuta
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Motokazu Sugimoto
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Masashi Kudo
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takahashi
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Masaru Konishi
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- grid.497282.2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577 Japan
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Liver Tumor Markers, HALP Score, and NLR: Simple, Cost-Effective, Easily Accessible Indexes for Predicting Prognosis in ICC Patients after Surgery. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122041. [PMID: 36556261 PMCID: PMC9784982 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the prognostic significance of liver tumor markers, the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), for predicting the specific site of recurrence or metastasis after surgery in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS In total, 162 patients with pathologically proven ICC who underwent curative surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 2016 and April 2020 were analyzed. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Significant clinical factors were examined by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis and analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The cutoff values for the HALP score, NLR, and PLR were determined to be 43.63, 3.73, and 76.51, respectively, using the surv_cutpoint function of survminer using RFS as the target variable. In multivariate analysis, vascular invasion, pathology nerve tract invasion, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were independent prognostic factors of OS, whereas the tumor number, pathology microvascular invasion, pathology differentiation, CA19-9 levels, and NLR were independent prognostic factors of RFS. For the whole recurrence analysis, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) index exhibited the largest ROC curve area of all (AUC = 0.590), and the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) index exhibited the smallest ROC curve area (AUC = 0.530). The HALP score exhibited the largest ROC curve area of all in predicting intrahepatic recurrence (AUC = 0.588), the NLR showed the best predictive value in predicting lymph node metastasis (AUC = 0.703), and the AUC of the CA19-9 index was the largest of all variables in predicting distant metastasis (AUC = 0.619). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that CA19-9, CEA, HALP score, and NLR are easily accessible, reliable, cost-effective indexes for predicting the specific site of recurrence or metastasis after surgery in ICC patients. Patients with high HALP scores and NLR have a higher risk of intrahepatic and lymph node metastasis recurrence.
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Vithayathil M, Khan SA. Current epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in Western countries. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1690-1698. [PMID: 35977611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas are cancers arising from bile ducts, either found within the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic). In Western countries, deaths due to intrahepatic cancers are rising at a higher rate than deaths due to extrahepatic cancers. This may be due to rising cases of liver disease and misclassification of the different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Vithayathil
- Liver Unit, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Liver Unit, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
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19
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Gorji L, Beal EW. Surgical Treatment of Distal Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6674-6687. [PMID: 36135093 PMCID: PMC9498206 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) is a rare malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the distal biliary tract and has a poor prognosis. dCCA is often clinically silent and patients commonly present with locally advanced and/or distant disease. For patients identified with early stage, resectable disease, surgical resection with negative margins remains the only curative treatment strategy available. However, despite appropriate treatment and diligent surveillance, risk of recurrence remains high with nearly 50% of patients experiencing recurrence at 5 years subsequent to surgical resection; therefore, it is prudent to continue to optimize neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in order to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve overall survival. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation, workup and surgical treatment of dCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leva Gorji
- Department of Surgery, Kettering Health Dayton, Dayton, OH 45405, USA
| | - Eliza W. Beal
- Departments of Oncology and Surgery, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Izquierdo-Sanchez L, Lamarca A, La Casta A, Buettner S, Utpatel K, Klümpen HJ, Adeva J, Vogel A, Lleo A, Fabris L, Ponz-Sarvise M, Brustia R, Cardinale V, Braconi C, Vidili G, Jamieson NB, Macias RI, Jonas JP, Marzioni M, Hołówko W, Folseraas T, Kupčinskas J, Sparchez Z, Krawczyk M, Krupa Ł, Scripcariu V, Grazi GL, Landa-Magdalena A, Ijzermans JN, Evert K, Erdmann JI, López-López F, Saborowski A, Scheiter A, Santos-Laso A, Carpino G, Andersen JB, Marin JJ, Alvaro D, Bujanda L, Forner A, Valle JW, Koerkamp BG, Banales JM. Cholangiocarcinoma landscape in Europe: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic insights from the ENSCCA Registry. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1109-1121. [PMID: 35167909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and heterogeneous biliary cancer, whose incidence and related mortality is increasing. This study investigates the clinical course of CCA and subtypes (intrahepatic [iCCA], perihilar [pCCA], and distal [dCCA]) in a pan-European cohort. METHODS The ENSCCA Registry is a multicenter observational study. Patients were included if they had a histologically proven diagnosis of CCA between 2010-2019. Demographic, histomorphological, biochemical, and clinical studies were performed. RESULTS Overall, 2,234 patients were enrolled (male/female=1.29). iCCA (n = 1,243) was associated with overweight/obesity and chronic liver diseases involving cirrhosis and/or viral hepatitis; pCCA (n = 592) with primary sclerosing cholangitis; and dCCA (n = 399) with choledocholithiasis. At diagnosis, 42.2% of patients had local disease, 29.4% locally advanced disease (LAD), and 28.4% metastatic disease (MD). Serum CEA and CA19-9 showed low diagnostic sensitivity, but their concomitant elevation was associated with increased risk of presenting with LAD (odds ratio 2.16; 95% CI 1.43-3.27) or MD (odds ratio 5.88; 95% CI 3.69-9.25). Patients undergoing resection (50.3%) had the best outcomes, particularly with negative-resection margin (R0) (median overall survival [mOS] = 45.1 months); however, margin involvement (R1) (hazard ratio 1.92; 95% CI 1.53-2.41; mOS = 24.7 months) and lymph node invasion (hazard ratio 2.13; 95% CI 1.55-2.94; mOS = 23.3 months) compromised prognosis. Among patients with unresectable disease (49.6%), the mOS was 10.6 months for those receiving active palliative therapies, mostly chemotherapy (26.2%), and 4.0 months for those receiving best supportive care (20.6%). iCCAs were associated with worse outcomes than p/dCCAs. ECOG performance status, MD and CA19-9 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION CCA is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, a proportion of patients fail to receive cancer-specific therapies, and prognosis remains dismal. Identification of preventable risk factors and implementation of surveillance in high-risk populations are required to decrease cancer-related mortality. LAY SUMMARY This is, to date, the largest international (pan-European: 26 hospitals and 11 countries) observational study, in which the course of cholangiocarcinoma has been investigated, comparing the 3 subtypes based on the latest International Classification of Diseases 11th Edition (ICD-11) (i.e., intrahepatic [2C12], perihilar [2C18], or distal [2C15] affected bile ducts), which come into effect in 2022. General and tumor-type specific features at diagnosis, risk factors, biomarker accuracy, as well as patient management and outcomes, are presented and compared, outlining the current clinical state of cholangiocarcinoma in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adelaida La Casta
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Adeva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ana Lleo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCSS, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Brustia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London & Surrey, UK
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, University of Sassari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rocio Ir Macias
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jan Philipp Jonas
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinic Favoriten, Department for Surgery, Wien, Austria
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Gastroenterology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wacław Hołówko
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juozas Kupčinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zeno Sparchez
- 3rd Medical Department, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Center for Preclinical Research, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krupa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Teaching Hospital No 1 in Rzeszów, Poland; Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Department of Surgery II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | - Ana Landa-Magdalena
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jan Nm Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joris I Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flora López-López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Jg Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group. Hospital Clinic Barcelona. IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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21
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Isaia I, Natoli G, Colaci M, Stancanelli B, Malatino L. Sclerosing cholangitis may mimic radiological pattern of cholangiocarcinoma: Case report, differential diagnosis and review of literature. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:359-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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22
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Rasuleva K, Elamurugan S, Bauer A, Khan M, Wen Q, Li Z, Steen P, Guo A, Xia W, Mathew S, Jansen R, Sun D. β-Sheet Richness of the Circulating Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Pancreatic Cancer Screening. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4489-4498. [PMID: 34846848 PMCID: PMC8715533 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tumor-derived extracellular
vesicles (EVs) are under intensive
study for their potential as noninvasive diagnosis biomarkers. Most
EV-based cancer diagnostic assays trace supernumerary of a single
cancer-associated marker or marker signatures. These types of biomarker
assays are either subtype-specific or vulnerable to be masked by high
background signals. In this study, we introduce using the β-sheet
richness (BR) of the tumor-derived EVs as an effective way to discriminate
EVs originating from malignant and nonmalignant cells, where EV contents
are evaluated as a collective attribute rather than single factors.
Circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence
staining assays, and a de novo workflow combining proteomics, bioinformatics,
and protein folding simulations were employed to validate the collective
attribute at both cellular and EV levels. Based on the BR of the tumorous
EVs, we integrated immunoprecipitation and fluorescence labeling targeting
the circulating tumor-derived EVs in serum and developed the process
into a clinical assay, named EvIPThT. The assay can distinguish patients
with and without malignant disease in a pilot cohort, with weak correlations
to prognosis biomarkers, suggesting the potential for a cancer screening
panel with existing prognostic biomarkers to improve overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komila Rasuleva
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101S, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Santhalingam Elamurugan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Engineering Administration, Room 203, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Aaron Bauer
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Engineering Administration, Room 203, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Mdrakibhasan Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101S, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, 1230 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 North 14th Avenue, CIE 201, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Preston Steen
- Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center, 820 4th Street N, Fargo, North Dakota 58122, United States
| | - Ang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1410 North 14th Avenue, CIE 201, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Sijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, 1455 14th Ave N, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, 1230 161/2 Street North, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101S, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Engineering Administration, Room 203, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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23
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Kim HS, Han Y, Kang JS, Kang YH, Lee M, Sohn HJ, Kim H, Kwon W, Jang JY. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as preoperative diagnostic biomarkers of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. BJS Open 2021; 5:6476923. [PMID: 34935900 PMCID: PMC8693162 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 have been proposed as useful preoperative biomarkers of extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EBDC). This study investigated the accuracy of CEA and CA19-9 for preoperative diagnosis of EBDC. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery for EBDC at a tertiary centre between 1995 and 2018 were studied, and those with concurrent hepatobiliary diseases (including gallbladder cancer, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of pancreas), which could affect CEA or CA19-9 levels, were excluded. The control group included patients who underwent cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases during the same period. Diagnostic accuracy was determined using sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS After excluding 23 patients, 687 patients (488 men and 199 women, mean age 65.8 years) were compared with the control group of 2310 patients. Median CEA and CA19-9 levels were 1.8 μg/l and 47.0 kU/l in patients with EBDC. CEA (cut-off 5.0 μg/l) showed AUC of 0.541, sensitivity 9.0 per cent and specificity 99.2 per cent, whereas CA19-9 (cut-off 37.0 kU/l) showed AUC of 0.753, sensitivity 56.2 per cent and specificity 94.5 per cent. Sensitivity of CA19-9 was lower in early (T stages 0-II) than advanced (T stages III and IV) cancer (47.0 versus 64.9 per cent), and also lower in N0 stage cancer than lymph node metastasis (50.1 versus 68.8 per cent). CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 showed low sensitivity limiting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers of EBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hyung Kang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Ju Sohn
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang K, Wang W, Wang Y, Yan C. [Proteomic analysis of serum and serum exosomes, and their application in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1191-1202. [PMID: 34677014 PMCID: PMC9404187 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
外泌体是由各种类型细胞在正常或非正常生理情况下分泌释放至细胞外且携带多种生物活性分子的细胞外囊泡,在细胞间通讯和免疫应答等生物过程中发挥着重要作用。肝内胆管癌是一种胆道上皮恶性肿瘤,早期无明显临床症状且生存率较低,目前常用的诊断手段包括依赖于影像设备的诊断方式和灵敏度及特异性较低的诊断标志物等,这些手段的不足对发展新的特异性标志物提出了需求。该文对血清中的外泌体进行了分离和表征,并采用液相色谱-质谱技术针对健康组与肝内胆管癌患者组的血清样本和血清外泌体样本进行了无标记定量蛋白质组学分析,分别从两种类型样本中鉴定并筛选到271和430种可信蛋白质。基于血清样本和血清外泌体样本的可信蛋白质定量表达值进行多维统计分析都能将健康组与肝内胆管癌患者组良好地区分开。对血清样本中鉴定到的蛋白质进行差异蛋白质筛选,肝内胆管癌患者组相对于健康组有15个上调和8个下调蛋白质;对血清外泌体样本中鉴定到的蛋白质进行差异蛋白质筛选,肝内胆管癌患者组相对于健康组有33个上调和18个下调蛋白质;基于两种样本筛选到的差异蛋白质中仅有4个是重复的,且基于血清外泌体样本的51个差异蛋白质中有35个蛋白质属于外泌体蛋白质数据库。针对差异蛋白质进行生物学信息分析,与差异蛋白质相关的分子功能、生物过程和信号通路主要涉及天然免疫反应、炎症反应和凝血等过程。该研究为发现肝内胆管癌的潜在生物标志物和探究肝内胆管癌的发生、发展和转移等过程提供了参考和借鉴价值。此外,通过比较研究发现血清外泌体样本能够获得较多的差异蛋白质和生物学信息,证明了外泌体作为组学分析样本的价值和应用潜力。
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Tanisaka Y, Mizuide M, Fujita A, Ogawa T, Katsuda H, Saito Y, Miyaguchi K, Jinushi R, Terada R, Nakano Y, Tashima T, Mashimo Y, Ryozawa S. Current Status of Endoscopic Biliary Drainage in Patients with Distal Malignant Biliary Obstruction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194619. [PMID: 34640637 PMCID: PMC8509542 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal malignant biliary obstruction is caused by various malignant diseases that require biliary drainage. In patients with operable situations, preoperative biliary drainage is required to control jaundice and cholangitis until surgery. In view of tract seeding, endoscopic biliary drainage is the first choice. Since neoadjuvant therapies are being developed, the time to surgery is increasing, especially in pancreatic cancer cases. Therefore, it requires long stent patency. Recently, preoperative biliary drainage using self-expandable metal stents has been reported as a useful modality to secure long stent patency. In patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction, self-expandable metal stent is the first choice for maintaining long stent patency. Although there are many comparison studies between a covered and an uncovered self-expandable metal stent, their use is still controversial. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage has been performed as an alternative treatment. The clinical success and stent patency are favorable. We should take into consideration that both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided biliary drainage and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage have advantages and disadvantages and chose the drainage method depending on the patient’s situation or the expertise of the endoscopist. Here, we discuss the current status of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction.
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[Influence of molecular pathology on oncological surgery of liver and bile duct tumors]. Chirurg 2021; 92:1003-1010. [PMID: 34519849 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular pathology is increasingly being used to guide treatment in oncology. Approximately 25% of all hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and 50% of cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) present with known cancer-relevant mutations; however, the impact of the mutations on the treatment of these tumors is not yet sufficiently understood. PURPOSE To evaluate the current literature on molecular pathological advances in HCC/CCA and the potential impact on oncological surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search of the available literature on currently known molecular biomarkers in HCC/CCA was performed in PubMed and clinitrials.gov. Following review, the potential impact of these biomarkers on oncological surgery was analyzed and is discussed. CONCLUSION Molecular pathological investigations can be used to support the classification of tumors and to determine the dignity of HCC/CCA. Predictive molecular biomarkers are not yet established in routine diagnostics but can be used to individualize advanced oncological treatment.
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Strainiene S, Sedleckaite K, Jarasunas J, Savlan I, Stanaitis J, Stundiene I, Strainys T, Liakina V, Valantinas J. Complicated course of biliary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6155-6169. [PMID: 34368338 PMCID: PMC8316968 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i21.6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, idiopathic, usually benign, mass-forming disease with myofibroblastic proliferation and a varying amount of inflammatory cells. Although it can affect various organs, the biliary tract is a rare localization of primary IMT, clinically, endoscopically and radiologically imitating cholangiocarcinoma. The treatment options are based only on clinical practice experience.
CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old woman was referred to our center due to progressive fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, night sweats, and elevated liver enzymes. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed proximal common hepatic duct and hilar biliary strictures extending bilaterally to lobular bile ducts. Although initial clinical, endoscopic and radiological signs were typical for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, histological examination showed no signs of malignancy. In total, 8 biopsies using different approaches were performed (several biopsies from dominant stricture during ERCP and direct cholangioscopy; ultrasound-guided liver biopsy; diagnostic laparoscopy with liver and lymph node biopsies). Histological examination revealed signs of IMT, and the final diagnosis of biliary IMT was stated. Although IMT is usually a benign disease, in our case, it was complicated. All pharmacological treatment measures were ineffective. The patient still needs permanent stenting, suffers from recurrent infections and mechanical jaundice. Despite that, the patient already survived 24 mo.
CONCLUSION IMT presenting with hilar biliary strictures is a unique diagnostic and clinical challenge as it is indistinguishable from cholangiocarcinoma, and there are no evidence-based treatment options. Our goal is to increase the understanding of this rare disease and its possible course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strainiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | | | - Juozas Jarasunas
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Savlan
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Stanaitis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stundiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Strainys
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Valentina Liakina
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius 10223, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Valantinas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
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Proposed nomogram predicting neoplastic ampullary obstruction in patients with a suspected ampulla of Vater lesion on CT. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:3128-3138. [PMID: 33638686 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-02975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To stratify and weigh the computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinical features differentiating a neoplastic ampullary obstruction from a non-neoplastic ampullary obstruction and to develop a nomogram for estimating individualized risk of neoplastic potential in patients with a suspected ampulla of Vater (AOV) lesion on CT. METHODS 135 patients (92 non-neoplastic and 43 neoplastic) with a suspected ampullary obstruction on a CT scan between February 2015 and May 2019 were included after the exclusion criteria were applied. Significant imaging and clinical findings of the neoplastic lesions were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on the significant variables in the multivariate analysis, a nomogram was developed to predict neoplastic potential in patients suspected of ampullary obstruction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic value in the external validation cohort (36 non-neoplastic and 13 neoplastic). RESULTS The multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of an AOV mass (odds ratio (OR), 77.21; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.51-3950.38), AOV size > 12 mm (OR, 23.93; 95% CI 2.96-193.60), total bilirubin > 1.2 mg/dl (OR, 9.99; 95% CI 1.37-73.06) and age ≤ 63 years (OR, 7.52; 95% CI 1.33-42.48) were independent significant parameters that predicted a neoplastic lesion in the AOV. The AUC for the nomogram was 0.93 on the internal validation and 0.91 (95% CI 0.79-0.97) on the external validation. CONCLUSIONS A nomogram using imaging and clinical findings was useful to estimate a neoplastic ampullary obstruction in patients with a suspected AOV lesion on CT and suggests a further evaluation.
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Wang Q, Lu S, Chen Y, He H, Lu W, Lin K. Analysis of transcriptome in the relationship between expression of PRC1 protein and prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521989200. [PMID: 33706578 PMCID: PMC8165842 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521989200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1), which is involved in the regulation of human carcinogenesis, contributes to poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS Data and tissues from patients with CCA were retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to evaluate and contrast the PRC1 expression profile at the protein level in CCA tumour and pericarcinomatous tissues from the same study population. Relationships between clinical characteristics and patient survival were observed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Correlations between PRC1 expression and clinical characteristics were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were included. PRC1 expression was found to be upregulated in CCA cancer tissues versus pericarcinomatous tissues. Overexpression of PRC1 was shown to be related to tumour differentiation, tumour node metastasis staging and lymph node metastasis, and was also revealed to be an independent marker of poor CCA prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that PRC1 may be a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqiong Lu
- Department of Surgery, Changning County People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Lu
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanru Lin
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dimopoulos YP, Winslow ER, He AR, Ozdemirli M. Hepatocellular carcinoma with biliary and neuroendocrine differentiation: A case report. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:262-271. [PMID: 33959479 PMCID: PMC8085510 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver tumors with dual differentiations [combined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma] are common. However, liver tumors that exhibit hepatocellular, biliary, and neuroendocrine differentiation are exceedingly rare, with only three previous case reports in the literature.
CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old female with a previous history of hepatitis C and a distant history of low grade, well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumor was found to have two liver lesions in segment 4 and segment 7 on imaging. Serum alpha-fetoprotein and chromogranin A were elevated. Biopsy of the larger lesion in segment 4 revealed a high-grade tumor, with morphologic and immunohistochemical features of a neuroendocrine tumor. Given the previous history of rectal neuroendocrine tumor, imaging investigation, serologic markers, and biopsy findings, metastatic neuroendocrine tumor was considered. Subsequent regional resection of these hepatic lesions revealed the segment 4 lesion to be a HCC with additional biliary and neuroendocrine differentiation and the segment 7 lesion to be a cholangiocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Follow-up of the patient revealed disease recurrence in the dome of the liver and metastasis in retro-pancreatic lymph nodes. The patient eventually expired due to complications of chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION HCC cases with additional biliary and neuroendocrine differentiation are exceedingly rare, posing a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Petros Dimopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Emily R Winslow
- Medstar Center for Liver and Pancreas Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Metin Ozdemirli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
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Han Y, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Liu R, Liu D, Bai M, Fan Q, Li J, Zhu K, Li H, Ning T, Ying G, Ba Y. Serum microRNAs as Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1185-1195. [PMID: 33833559 PMCID: PMC8021261 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s297371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with difficult early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to be biomarkers of the disease, which indicates that we can diagnose cancers according to the miRNAs that have significant changes. The aim of this study was to explore miRNA biomarkers of BTCs. Methods A total of 163 samples were collected and divided into the control group, the benign group and the malignant group. High-throughput low-density chips were used to screen miRNAs with significant changes. Then, the preliminary screening test and the verification test were performed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the level of miRNAs in serum exosomes was measured. Results MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b, miR-221, and miR-214 were upregulated in the BTCs group compared to the control group. The change in the miR-221 level was statistically significant when the malignant group was compared with the benign group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, miR-135b and miR-214 were enriched in serum exosomes. Conclusion Five miRNAs in the serum were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with BTCs. Among them, miR-221 can serve as an early diagnostic marker for BTCs patients. MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b and miR-214 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Han
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kegan Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
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Zhu K, Yang J, Chen YZ, Zhang XR, Yu XH, Wang J, Zhang R, Liu C. Differences in Clinical Features and Diagnostic Strategies Between IgG4-Related Autoimmune Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:540904. [PMID: 33816216 PMCID: PMC8012807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.540904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related autoimmune cholangitis (IgG4-AIC) is often difficult to distinguish from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study aimed to determine a practical clinical strategy for distinguishing between IgG4-AIC and CCA to avoid unnecessary surgical resection. We retrospectively collected and compared the clinicopathological data between IgG4-AIC and CCA patients, including the clinical, serological, and radiological characteristics, to follow up on these patients to investigate the prognosis. Among the 377 patients who received surgical resection for suspecting CCA at the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital between June 2004 and June 2014, 14 patients were diagnosed as IgG4-AIC through histochemistry after surgery. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IgG4 was up-regulated in the plasma cells of IgG4-AIC tissues in 13 out of 14 patients. The serum CA19-9 level was significantly lower than in the CCA group. Patients with IgG4-AIC can only see slight or no enhancement under the contrast enhancement CT scan, while there are no signs of ring-like or delayed enhancement that is unique to CCA. Thirteen patients were followed up, and the time was 12 to 92 months. Three of them were regularly treated with prednisone after surgery, and original symptoms disappeared. Our study demonstrated that the combination of imaging with serum CA19-9 could improve the preoperative diagnostic value and reduce the rate of unnecessary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tanisaka Y, Mizuide M, Fujita A, Ogawa T, Suzuki M, Katsuda H, Saito Y, Miyaguchi K, Tashima T, Mashimo Y, Ryozawa S. Diagnostic Process Using Endoscopy for Biliary Strictures: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051048. [PMID: 33802525 PMCID: PMC7961606 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic process for biliary strictures remains challenging in some cases. A broad differential diagnosis exists for indeterminate biliary strictures, including benign or malignant lesions. The diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures requires a combination of physical examination, laboratory testing, imaging modalities, and endoscopic procedures. Despite the progress of less invasive imaging modalities such as transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopy plays an essential role in the accurate diagnosis, including the histological diagnosis. Imaging findings and brush cytology and/or forceps biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are widely used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of biliary strictures. However, ERCP cannot provide an intraluminal view of the biliary lesion, and its outcomes are not satisfactory. Recently, peroral cholangioscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration have been reported as useful for indeterminate biliary strictures. Appropriate endoscopic modalities need to be selected according to the patient's condition, the lesion, and the expertise of the endoscopist. The aim of this review article is to discuss the diagnostic process for indeterminate biliary strictures using endoscopy.
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Maebayashi T, Ishibashi N, Aizawa T, Sakaguchi M, Okada M. Stereotactic radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis C and the relationships of changes in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 with AFP and PIVKA-II. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:242-248. [PMID: 33455875 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing the therapeutic effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) takes time. Purpose of our study was to explore the relationships of changes in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) with those in the existing markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II). PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects were 16 patients who underwent SBRT for solitary HCC ≤3cm induced by hepatitis C between June 2016 and July 2019. Observation periods ranged from 8-43 (median: 28) months, ages from 59-85 (median: 65) years. RESULTS Changes in CA 19-9 levels after SBRT were categorised into three patterns: 1) a transient elevation followed by a decline (75%); 2) a transient decline followed by an elevation (18.8%); and 3) no change (6.3%). Among patients showing a transient CA 19-9 elevation followed by a decline, which was the most frequent pattern, 75% showed these changes in synchronisation with AFP and preceded the changes in PIVKA-II, while in the other 25%, CA 19-9 changes were in synchronisation with PIVKA-II and preceded those in AFP. At the time of recurrence, 62.5% showed a continuous CA 19-9 elevation, either in synchronisation with other markers or by itself. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation of changes in CA 19-9 levels after SBRT for HCC induced by hepatitis C. Characteristic changes in CA 19-9, AFP, and PIVKA-II levels were observed as responses after treatment. As for its correlations with tumour markers, the acute responses of PIVKA-II tended to be slower than those of CA 19-9 and AFP. Although the sample size was small, our findings raise the possibility that measuring these 3 biomarkers after SBRT may be useful for monitoring patients for HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maebayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - N Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Aizawa
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - M Sakaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - M Okada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
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Ikeda C, Haga H, Makino N, Inuzuka T, Kurimoto A, Ueda T, Matsuda A, Kakizaki Y, Ishizawa T, Kobayashi T, Sugahara S, Tsunoda M, Suda K, Ueno Y. Utility of Claudin-3 in extracellular vesicles from human bile as biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1195. [PMID: 33441949 PMCID: PMC7807063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells. Bile directly contacts bile duct tumor; bile-derived EVs may contain high concentrations of cancer biomarkers. We performed a proteomic analysis of human bile-derived EVs and identified a novel biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation, and chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EDEG) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were used as dissolution solutions. Bile was collected from 10 CCA and 10 choledocholithiasis (stones) cases. Proteomic analysis was performed; subsequently, ELISA was performed using the candidate biomarkers in a verification cohort. The vesicles isolated from bile had a typical size and morphology. The expression of exosome markers was observed. RNA was more abundant in the EDEG group. The proportion of microRNA was higher in the EDEG group. EDEG use resulted in the removal of more contaminants. Proteomic analysis identified 166 proteins as CCA-specific. ELISA for Claudin-3 revealed statistically significant difference. The diagnostic accuracy was AUC 0.945 and sensitivity and specificity were 87.5%. We report the first use of EDEG in the isolation of EVs from human bile and the proteomic analysis of human bile-derived EV-proteins in CCA. Claudin-3 in bile-derived EVs is a useful biomarker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaki Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Inuzuka
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Ayako Kurimoto
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ueda
- H.U. Group Research Institute G.K., 51 Komiyamachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Shinpei Sugahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Kensei Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8595, Japan
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Salem PES, Ghazala RA, El Gendi AM, Emara DM, Ahmed NM. The association between circulating MicroRNA-150 level and cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23397. [PMID: 33161598 PMCID: PMC7676191 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare tumor which requires a multimodality approach for its diagnosis. Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) is currently the most commonly used tumor marker for CCA; nevertheless, it has certain limitations which need to be considered when using it as a tumor marker. MiRNA‐150 altered expression has been linked to the development and tumorigenesis of several cancers including CCA. This work aimed to study the serum level of CA19‐9 and miRNA‐150 expression in CCA patients and, also, to correlate their levels with tumor staging and different studied clinical and laboratory parameters. This work included 35 patients with CCA who were admitted to Hepatobiliary Unit, Alexandria Main University Hospital (Group I). Also, 35 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included as a control group (Group II). All included subjects were submitted to measurement of serum CA19‐9 and MiRNA‐150 expression levels. Serum CA19‐9 levels showed an evident high median among CCA patients, while serum miRNA‐150 expression levels were evidently low among those patients. Moreover, combining miRNA‐150 with CA19‐9 made the accuracy of diagnosis of CCA much more reliable. Thus, miRNA‐150 can be considered as a non‐invasive, sensitive serum biomarker for the diagnosis of CCA especially when combined with CA 19‐9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan El Sayed Salem
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Doaa Mokhtar Emara
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Intervention Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesma Mahmoud Ahmed
- Internal Medicine Department, Fever Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Martinez NS, Trindade AJ, Sejpal DV. Determining the Indeterminate Biliary Stricture: Cholangioscopy and Beyond. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020; 22:58. [PMID: 33141356 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-020-00797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Indeterminate biliary strictures (IDBS) continue to be an area of frustration for clinicians. Standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with conventional brush cytology and/or forceps biopsy has a low sensitivity for distinguishing benign from malignant biliary strictures. A delay in diagnosis of malignancy has consequences for subsequent therapy or surgery. In this article, we review current and emerging technologies that may aid in this diagnostic dilemma. RECENT FINDINGS Several technologies have been utilized in IDBS to establish a diagnosis which include peroral cholangioscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration, intraductal ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence in situ hybridization, next generation sequencing, integrated molecular pathology, and DNA-image cytometry. While cholangioscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy have become standards of care in expert centers for the evaluation of patients with IDBS, there are several endoscopic and molecular modalities that may also aid in establishing a diagnosis. Further head-to-head prospective diagnostic studies as well as cost-efficacy studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichol S Martinez
- Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Arvind J Trindade
- Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Divyesh V Sejpal
- Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Kim JH, Yoon JH, Joo I, Lee JM. Evaluation of Primary Liver Cancers Using Hepatocyte-Specific Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Pitfalls and Potential Tips. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:655-675. [PMID: 32700807 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When radiologists interpret hepatic focal lesions seen on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, it is important not only to distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones but also to distinguish nonhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) malignancies from HCCs. In addition, most major guidelines, including those of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease, European Association for the Study of the Liver, and Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center, allow for the noninvasive imaging diagnosis of HCC in at-risk patients. However, ~40% of HCC cases show atypical imaging features mimicking non-HCC malignancies. Furthermore, several benign and malignant lesions, such as flash-filling hemangioma and intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma, frequently look like HCC. In contrast, although multiparametric MRI options, including hepatobiliary phase and diffusion-weighted imaging, provide useful information that could help address these challenges, there remain several unresolved issues with regard to the noninvasive diagnostic criteria characterizing HCC. In this article, we discuss the typical imaging features and challenging situations related to primary liver cancers in MRI, while considering how to make a correct diagnosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN, Chen DX. Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:54-66. [PMID: 32236573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‑CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance‑associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Wang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Yin
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bu-Xin Kou
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yin Chai
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Hahn F, Müller L, Jungmann F, Mähringer-Kunz A, Tanyildizi Y, Düber C, Galle PR, Weinmann A, Kloeckner R. Survival prediction for patients with non-resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis comparing the tumor marker CA 19-9 with cross-sectional imaging. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1883-1890. [PMID: 32232655 PMCID: PMC7256028 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 has been established as the main serum marker for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of CA 19-9 changes versus response determined by imaging in patients with ICC undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Between 2003 and 2018, 151 patients with histopathologically confirmed ICC underwent chemotherapy at our tertiary care center for non-resectable or recurrent ICC, of whom 121 were included in this study. Serum CA 19-9 levels and imaging were retrospectively evaluated during chemotherapy. Log-rank testing and optimal stratification were used to classify patients into risk groups. Results Prior to chemotherapy, baseline serum CA 19-9 levels above the previously published cut-off of 37 U/ml were associated with poor survival (median OS 8.7 vs. 12.4 months, p = 0.003). After the beginning of chemotherapy, an increase in CA 19-9 of more than 40 U/ml resulted in impaired residual survival (median OS 5.0 vs. 12.1 months, p < 0.001). However, progressive disease at the first follow-up imaging proved the strongest predictor for poor outcome (median OS 4.6 vs. 15.5 months, p < 0.001). In contrast to prior studies, our data did not show statistically relevant differences in survival time with respect to absolute or relative decreases in serum CA 19-9 levels. Conclusion In our study, the disease control rate—that is, the absence of progressive disease—was the strongest predictor of prolonged residual OS. To this end, both CA 19-9 changes and progressive disease on initial follow-up showed remarkable discriminatory power, with the latter slightly outperforming the former. Therefore, imaging should remain the mainstay of patient evaluation during follow-up. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-020-03200-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hahn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Jungmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aline Mähringer-Kunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yasemin Tanyildizi
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Düber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Registry Unit (CRU), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckst. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Intuyod K, Armartmuntree N, Jusakul A, Sakonsinsiri C, Thanan R, Pinlaor S. Current omics-based biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:997-1005. [PMID: 31566016 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the biliary tract. CCA generally has a low incidence worldwide but incidence is typically high in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in northeastern Thailand, where small liver-fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection is endemic. CCA has a poor prognosis as most CCA patients present with advanced stages. Poor prognosis and worse outcomes are due to the lack of specific and early-stage CCA biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the use of CCA tissues, serum and bile samples as sources of diagnostic and prognostic markers by using -omics approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The current state of the discovery of molecular candidates and their potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CCA are summarized and discussed. Expert opinion: Various potential molecules have been discovered, some of which have been verified as diagnostic biomarkers for CCA. However, most identified molecules require much further evaluation to help us find markers with high specificity, low cost and ease-of-use in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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Macias RIR, Kornek M, Rodrigues PM, Paiva NA, Castro RE, Urban S, Pereira SP, Cadamuro M, Rupp C, Loosen SH, Luedde T, Banales JM. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:108-122. [PMID: 30843325 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality rate of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is due, in part, to the lack of non-invasive approaches able to accurately detect this silent tumour at early stages, when therapeutic options can be potentially curative or may at least increase the overall survival of patients. The fact that the majority of CCA tumours are not linked to any known aetiological factor highly compromises the monitoring of patients at risk for tumour development and also their early diagnosis. Combination of clinical/biochemical features, imaging techniques and analysis of non-specific tumour biomarkers in serum are commonly used to help in the diagnosis of CCA, but tumour biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Moreover, no prognostic biomarkers are currently used in the clinical setting, deserving more innovative research, and international validation and consensus. Important efforts have been made in the last few years to identify accurate non-invasive biomarkers, by using innovative techniques and high-throughput omics technologies. This review summarizes and discusses the advances in the investigation of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CCA and envisions the future directions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nuno A Paiva
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabine Urban
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Mao Y, Zhu Y, Qiu Y, Kong W, Mao L, Zhou Q, Chen J, He J. Predicting peritumoral Glisson's sheath invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with preoperative CT imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:219-229. [PMID: 30976546 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the differences of clinicopathological characteristics and computed tomography (CT) features between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) with and without peritumoral Glisson's sheath invasion (PGSI), and to construct a nomogram to predict PGSI of ICCs preoperatively. Methods The clinicopathological characteristics and CT features of 84 ICCs were retrospectively analyzed and compared between ICCs with (30/84, 35.7%) and without PGSI (54/84, 64.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify preoperative independent predictors of PGSI in ICCs. A nomogram was constructed to predict PGSI preoperatively. Results ICCs with and without PGSI differed significantly in the presence of abdominal pain, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels, TNM and T stages, tumor location, intratumoral calcifications, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, intrahepatic bile duct calculus, morphologic type and dynamic enhancement pattern on CT images (all P<0.05). Abdominal pain, serum CEA level, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and morphologic type were independent predictors of PGSI in ICCs. A nomogram based on those predictors was constructed to predict PGSI preoperatively with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.908 (P<0.001). Conclusions Clinicopathological characteristics and CT features differed significantly between ICCs with and without PGSI. A nomogram including abdominal pain, serum CEA level, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and morphologic type could predict PGSI accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Mao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Kong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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Loosen SH, Lurje G, Wiltberger G, Vucur M, Koch A, Kather JN, Paffenholz P, Tacke F, Ulmer FT, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Neumann UP, Roderburg C. Serum levels of miR-29, miR-122, miR-155 and miR-192 are elevated in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210944. [PMID: 30653586 PMCID: PMC6336320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. Despite tremendous research activities, the prognosis for the majority of patients is still poor. Only in case of early diagnosis, liver resection might potentially lead to long-term survival. However, it is still unclear which patients benefit most from extensive liver surgery, highlighting the need for new diagnostic and prognostic stratification strategies. Methods Serum concentrations of a 4 miRNA panel (miR-122, miR-192, miR-29b and miR-155) were analyzed using semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR in serum samples from 94 patients with cholangiocarcinoma undergoing tumour resection and 40 healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinical data. Results Serum concentrations of miR-122, miR-192, miR-29b and miR-155 were significantly elevated in patients with CCA compared to healthy controls or patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis without malignant transformation. Although preoperative levels of these miRNAs were unsuitable as a prognostic marker of survival, a strong postoperative decline of miR-122 serum levels was significantly associated with a favorable patients’ prognosis. Conclusions Analysis of circulating miRNAs represents a promising tool for the diagnosis of even early stage CCA. A postoperative decline in miRNA serum concentrations might be indicative for a favorable patients’ outcome and helpful to identify patients with a good prognosis after extended liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian T. Ulmer
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (CR); (UPN)
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CR); (UPN)
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Park JY, Jeon TJ. Factors Associated with Malignant Biliary Strictures in Patients with Atypical or Suspicious Cells on Brush Cytology. Clin Endosc 2019; 52:168-174. [PMID: 30625267 PMCID: PMC6453855 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2018.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Pathological diagnosis of biliary strictures with atypical or suspicious cells on endoscopic retrograde brush cytology and indeterminate strictures on imaging is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify markers for malignant strictures in such cases.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed data collected from 146 consecutive patients with indeterminate biliary strictures on imaging who underwent endoscopic retrograde brush cytology from 2007 to 2013. Factors associated with malignant strictures in patients with atypical or suspicious cells on brush cytology were identified.
Results Among the 67 patients with a malignant disease (48 cholangiocarcinoma, 6 gallbladder cancer, 5 pancreatic cancer, 5 ampulla of Vater cancer, and 3 other types), 36 (53.7%) had atypical or suspicious cells on brush cytology. Among these, the factors that independently correlated with malignant strictures were stricture length (odds ratio [OR], 5.259; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.802– 15.294) and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (OR, 3.492; 95% CI, 1.242–9.815), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (OR, 4.909; 95% CI, 1.694–14.224), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR, 3.362; 95% CI, 1.207–9.361), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (rGT) (OR, 4.318; 95% CI, 1.512–12.262).
Conclusions Elevated levels of CA19-9, CEA, ALP, and rGT and stricture length are associated with malignant strictures in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures on imaging and atypical or suspicious cells on brush cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Joo Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Tsen A, Barbara M, Rosenkranz L. Dilemma of elevated CA 19-9 in biliary pathology. Pancreatology 2018; 18:862-867. [PMID: 30249386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor marker which has been extensively evaluated and widely utilized primarily in diagnosing and prognosticating pancreaticobiliary malignancies. Levels may be significantly influenced and elevated in cases of benign biliary conditions however, especially in obstructive jaundice, thereby posing difficulty in distinguishing between benign and malignant cholestasis. A myriad of studies have focused on elucidating proper use and interpretation of CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer as well as in the setting of cholestasis. These studies have demonstrated that many factors influence CA 19-9 values and various methods for interpreting CA 19-9 in obstructive jaundice have been proposed. With improvements in diagnostic imaging, advancements in endoscopic modalities, and likelihood that management will not change based on the results of the test, clinicians should be cautious when ordering CA 19-9 and consider the reasons for measuring the tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Tsen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 5623 Hamilton Wolfe, #712, San Antonio, TX 78240, USA.
| | - Mary Barbara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Rosenkranz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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47
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Loosen SH, Vucur M, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Circulating Biomarkers for Cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis 2018; 36:281-288. [PMID: 29807369 DOI: 10.1159/000488342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the second most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence rate has constantly increased over the last decades and CCA patients face a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5% for advanced stage of disease. Surgical tumor resection has remained the only potentially curative treatment option in daily practice but is often not feasible due to advanced disease stage at initial diagnosis. SUMMARY The early detection of cholangiocarcinoma is essential to provide patients with a potentially curative treatment. Furthermore, prognostic biomarkers represent a valuable tool to offer patients a tailored therapeutic approach in accordance to their life expectancy. The clinically most established biomarker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 shows only a limited diagnostic and prognostic power, encouraging the evaluation of novel biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma in the last years. Key Massage: In this review, we assess currently available and potential future biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cholangicarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Tshering G, Dorji PW, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1788-1797. [PMID: 29637880 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor of the bile duct, is a major public health problem in many Southeast Asian countries, particularly Thailand. The slow progression makes it difficult for early diagnosis and most patients are detected in advanced stages. This study aimed to review all relevant articles related to the biomarkers for the diagnosis of CCA and point out potential biomarkers. A thorough search was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect for CCA biomarker articles. Required data were extracted. A total of 46 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and had none of the exclusion criteria were included in the analysis (17, 22, 3, 4, and 1 articles on blood, tissue, bile, both blood and tissue, and urine biomarkers, respectively). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), either alone or in combination with other biomarkers, are the most commonly studied biomarkers in the serum. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 47.2% to 98.2% and 89.7% to 100%, respectively. However, in the tissue, gene methylations and DNA-related markers were the most studied CCA biomarkers. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 58% to 87% and 98% to 100%, respectively. Some articles investigated biomarkers both in blood and tissues, particularly CA19-9 and CEA, with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 33% to 100% and 50% to 97.7%, respectively. Although quite a number of biomarkers with a potential role in the early detection of CCA have been established, it is difficult to single out any particular marker that could be used in the routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyem Tshering
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Palden Wangyel Dorji
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Ke W, Zeng L, Hu Y, Chen S, Tian M, Hu Q. Detection of early-stage extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with biliary strictures by soluble B7-H4 in the bile. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:699-707. [PMID: 29736314 PMCID: PMC5934559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that serum soluble B7-H4 (sB7-H4) is a useful tumour marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Whether sB7-H4 is expressed in the bile of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and is related to the progression of CC need to be explored. Bile sB7-H4 was obtained through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from 213 patients with biliary strictures and detected was detected by a B7-H4 ELISA kit. Diagnostic value was compared among bile sB7-H4, CA19-9, CA12-5, CEA and ERCP-based cytological/tissue examination. Additionally, the correlations between the bile sB7-H4 concentration and the clinical characteristics of early-stage cholangiocarcinoma (ESCC) were studied. The bile sB7-H4 levels of patients with ESCC were significantly higher than in patients with benign biliary strictures (BBS) (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of CA19-9, CA12-5 and CEA were 0.713, 0.554 and 0.451, respectively, were significantly lower than the ROC curves of bile sB7-H4 (0.837), the sensitivity of ERCP-based cytological/tissue examination was 57.5% and 68.4%, which was lower than that of bile sB7-H4 (81.7%) at cut-off value. A high level of bile sB7-H4 in patients with ESCC was found to be correlated with vascular invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.018), respectively. The overall survival rate (OS) of ESCC patients in the high sB7-H4 group was significantly lower than the OS of patients in the low sB7-H4 group (P=0.009). Bile sB7-H4 could serve as a valuable biomarker for patients with ESCC and high levels of bile sB7-H4 correlate with poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yunbi Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qinggang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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The diagnostic value of five serum tumor markers for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:186-192. [PMID: 29438681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical significance and diagnostic value of the single and combined detection of five tumor markers in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS In total, 296 patients with biliary tract disease who were diagnosed and received treatment at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (17113011) during April 2011 to Dec 2017 were chosen for this study. Patients were divided into a cholangiocarcinoma group and a benign biliary tract disease group. Serum was collected from the patients, and the concentrations of AFP, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA72-4 and total bilirubin (TBIL) were tested. BM SPSS Statistics 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the single and combined detection of five tumor markers were generated, and the sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS The concentrations of serum tumor markers in the cholangiocarcinoma group were higher than those in the benign biliary tract disease group. The AUCs for the single detections of the AFP, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA72-4 were 0.654, 0.808, 0.772, 0.833, and 0.743, and the optimal cutoffs were 2.58 ng/mL, 2.85 ng/mL, 23.85 U/mL, 46.75 U/mL, and 2.46 U/mL respectively. The combined detection of CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 had great diagnostic value. Its AUC was 0.888, its sensitivity was 85.1%, and its specificity was 83.1%. CONCLUSIONS The levels of CEA, CA125, CA19-9 and CA72-4 had a different diagnostic value for cholangiocarcinoma, and combined serum CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 would have the best clinical diagnostic effect of cholangiocarcinoma.
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