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Li J, Kemper T, Broering R, Chen J, Yuan Z, Wang X, Lu M. Interferon Alpha Induces Cellular Autophagy and Modulates Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:804011. [PMID: 35186790 PMCID: PMC8847603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes acute and chronic liver diseases, including severe hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interferon alpha 2a (IFNα-2a) is commonly used for treating chronic HBV infection. However, its efficacy remains relatively low. Yet, the immunological and molecular mechanisms for successful IFNα-2a treatment remain elusive. One issue is whether the application of increasing IFNα doses may modulate cellular processes and HBV replication in hepatic cells. In the present study, we focused on the interaction of IFNα signaling with other cellular signaling pathways and the consequence for HBV replication. The results showed that with the concentration of 6000 U/ml IFNα-2a treatment downregulated the activity of not only the Akt/mTOR signaling but also the AMPK signaling. Additionally, IFNα-2a treatment increased the formation of the autophagosomes by blocking autophagic degradation. Furthermore, IFNα-2a treatment inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling and initiated autophagy under low and high glucose concentrations. In reverse, inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and glucose concentrations influenced the expression of IFNα-2a-induced ISG15 and IFITM1. Despite of ISGs induction, HBV replication and gene expression in HepG2.2.15 cells, a cell model with continuous HBV replication, were slightly increased at high doses of IFNα-2a. In conclusion, our study indicates that IFNα-2a treatment may interfere with multiple intracellular signaling pathways, facilitate autophagy initiation, and block autophagic degradation, thereby resulting in slightly enhanced HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Insititute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Insititute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Insititute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mengji Lu, ; Xueyu Wang,
| | - Mengji Lu
- Insititute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mengji Lu, ; Xueyu Wang,
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2
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Qiu J, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Guan M, Li X, Zou Y, Huang X, Zhao Y, Chen W, Gu X. Discovery of novel quinazolinone derivatives as potential anti-HBV and anti-HCC agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112581. [PMID: 32791397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of earlier works, a series of novel quinazolinone derivatives (5a-s) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-HBV and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) activities. Among them, compounds 5j and 5k exhibited most potent inhibitory effect on HBV DNA replication in both drug sensitive and resistant (lamivudine and entecavir) HBV strains. Interestingly, besides the anti-HBV effect, compound 5k could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, HUH7 and SK- cells, with IC50 values of 5.44, 6.42 and 6.75 μM, respectively, indicating its potential anti-HCC activity. Notably, the in vitro anti-HCC activity of 5k were more potent than that of positive control 5-fluorouracil and sorafenib. Further studies revealed that compound 5k could induce HepG2 cells apoptosis by dose-dependently upregulating Bad and Bax expression and decreasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein level. Considering the potent anti-HBV and anti-HCC effect, compound 5k might be a promising lead to develop novel therapeutic agents towards HBV infection and HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinpeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zhang E, Ma Z, Li Q, Yan H, Liu J, Wu W, Guo J, Zhang X, Kirschning CJ, Xu H, Lang PA, Yang D, Dittmer U, Yan H, Lu M. TLR2 Stimulation Increases Cellular Metabolism in CD8 + T Cells and Thereby Enhances CD8 + T Cell Activation, Function, and Antiviral Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2872-2886. [PMID: 31636238 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
TLR2 serves as a costimulatory molecule on activated T cells. However, it is unknown how the functionality and antiviral activity of CD8+ T cells are modulated by direct TLR2 signaling. In this study, we looked at the TLR2-mediated enhancement of TCR-driven CD8+ T cell activation in vitro and in woodchuck hepatitis virus transgenic mice. In vitro stimulation of CD8+ T cells purified from C57BL/6 mice showed that TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 directly enhanced the TCR-dependent CD8+ T cell activation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that TLR2 signaling increased expression of bioenergy metabolism-related genes in CD8+ T cells, such as IRF4, leading to improved glycolysis and glutaminolysis. This was associated with the upregulation of genes related to immune regulation and functions such as T-bet and IFN-γ. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis were in turn essential for the TLR2-mediated enhancement of T cell activation. Administration of TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 promoted the expansion and functionality of vaccine-primed, Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in both wild type and transgenic mice and improved viral suppression. Thus, TLR2 could promote CD8+ T cell immunity through regulating the energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Wu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
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4
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Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Inhibits IFNα-Induced IFITM1 Expression by Interacting with BAF200. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050427. [PMID: 31075894 PMCID: PMC6563218 DOI: 10.3390/v11050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) is a structural protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and contributes to HBV regulation of host-cell transcription. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation remain poorly characterized. To dissect the function of HBc, a yeast two-hybrid was performed to identify HBc-binding proteins, and the C-terminal of BRG1/hBRM-associated factors 200 (BAF200C) was identified. Then, the existence of HBc interactions with BAF200C and full-length BAF200 was confirmed via co-immunoprecipitation assays in 293T, HepG2 and HepG2-NTCP cells. Furthermore, we show that the binding between HBc and BAF200 was of vital importance to HBc mediated downregulation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) expression, and the mechanisms for the downregulation were disclosed as follows. Basal level of IFITM1 expression depends on BAF200, rather than the JAK–STAT1 pathway. The interaction of HBc with BAF200 disturbs the stability of the polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex and results in the suppression of IFTM1 transcription. Finally, the antiviral effects of IFITM1 on cell proliferation and HBV replication were found to be partially restored when HBc was co-transfected with BAF200. Collectively, our findings indicate that HBc plays a role in HBV resistance against the antiviral activities of IFNα, providing details about HBV evasion of host innate immunity.
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5
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Tatlı F, Kırımlıoğlu SH, Yılmaz S, Gözeneli O, Kayaalp C, Karıncaoğlu M, Dirican A, Barut B, Kırımlıoğlu V. Association of signal transducer and activator of transcription, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 positivity with antiviral treatment in cirrhotic liver samples from patients with the hepatitis B or C virus. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.424993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Structural characteristics and bioactive properties of a novel polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:147-156. [PMID: 30007599 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new water-soluble polysaccharide (FVP1) was extracted from Flammulina velutipes by traditional method "water extraction and alcohol precipitation" and purified by column chromatography. Physicochemical characterization showed that FVP1 was a homogeneous polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 54.78 kDa. It is composed of mannose (7.74%), glucose (70.41%), and galactose (16.38%). FVP1 (1000 mg/mL) possessed significant immune activity by increasing the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (3183 ± 133.84 pg/mL), interleukin (IL)-6 (1133.21 ± 39.05 pg/mL), and IL-12 (579.96 ± 74.53 pg/mL) in macrophages. Furthermore, FVP1 showed significant hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBV) activity through reducing the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication. These results suggest a novel role for FVP1 to be applied as an immunomodulators in dietary supplements to prevent HBV infection.
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7
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Yang Q, Li XP, Zhong YB, Xiang TX, Zhang LL. Interferon-α inhibits cell migration and invasion and induces the expression of antiviral proteins in Huh-7 cells transfected with hepatitis B virus X gene-expressing lentivirus. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5924-5930. [PMID: 29285141 PMCID: PMC5740601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) serves an important role in HBV infection and the development of HBV-related liver cancer. Interferon-α (IFN-α) is used to treat patients with HBV; however, the role of IFN-α in the development of HBV-related liver cancer remains unclear. The present study established a new HBV-related liver cancer model (Huh-7-HBx) by transfecting the hepatoma cell line Huh-7, with HBx-expressing lentivirus. Following IFN-α treatment, cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of antiviral proteins in Huh-7-HBx, were subsequently determined. The results demonstrated that HBx-expressing lentivirus had no significant effect on cell viability but promoted the migration and invasion of Huh-7 cells. The expression of the antiviral genes IFN α and β receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1), IFNAR2, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase and ribonuclease L, was also increased. Following treatment of Huh-7-HBx cells with IFN-α, the expression of antiviral genes was increased at the level of transcription and translation, whereas cell migration and invasion was decreased. The present study suggests that IFN-α may attenuate the development of HBV-related liver cancer by reducing cell migration and invasion and promoting the expression of antiviral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Xin Xiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lun-Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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8
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Laaribi AB, Bortolotti D, Hannachi N, Mehri A, Hazgui O, Ben Yahia H, Babay W, Belhadj M, Chaouech H, Yacoub S, Letaief A, Ouzari HI, Boudabous A, Di Luca D, Boukadida J, Rizzo R, Zidi I. Increased levels of soluble HLA-G molecules in Tunisian patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:1016-1022. [PMID: 28429836 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem. The mechanisms of immune tolerance in HBV infection are still unclear. The host immune response plays a critical role in determining the outcome of HBV infection. Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is involved in immunotolerogenic process and infectious diseases. This study aimed to explore the implication of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and its isoforms in HBV infection. Total sHLA-G (including shedding HLA-G1 and HLA-G5) was analysed by ELISA in 95 chronic HBV patients, 83 spontaneously resolvers and 100 healthy controls (HC). To explore the presence of sHLA-G dimers, we performed an immunoprecipitation and a Western blot analysis on positive samples for sHLA-G in ELISA. The serum levels of sHLA-G were significantly increased in patients with chronic HBV patients compared to spontaneously resolvers and HC (P<.0001). Interestingly, we found an increased level of sHLA-G1 in chronic HBV patients than in spontaneously resolvers and HC (P<.001). In addition, the expression of HLA-G5 seems to be higher in the sera of chronic HBV patients than spontaneously resolvers (P=.026). The analysis of HLA-G dimers showed the presence of homodimers in 93% of chronic HBV patients, 67% in spontaneously resolvers and 60% in HC. These results provide evidence that sHLA-G may have a crucial role in the outcome of HBV infection and could be proposed as a biomarker for infection outcome. Based on its tolerogenic function, HLA-G might be considered as a new promising immunotherapeutic approach to treat the chronic infection with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Laaribi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.,Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - D Bortolotti
- Section Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Hannachi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Mehri
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.,Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - O Hazgui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Ben Yahia
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - W Babay
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Belhadj
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Chaouech
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Yacoub
- Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Letaief
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H I Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Boudabous
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - D Di Luca
- Section Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Boukadida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, UR12SP34, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - R Rizzo
- Section Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Zidi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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9
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Deng W, Zhang X, Ma Z, Lin Y, Lu M. MicroRNA-125b-5p mediates post-transcriptional regulation of hepatitis B virus replication via the LIN28B/let-7 axis. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1389-1398. [PMID: 28267418 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1293770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are able to modulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV infection. Recently, we have identified that serum miR-125b-5p levels correlated with HBV DNA levels and liver necroinflammation. In the present study, we addressed how miR-125b-5p regulated HBV replication at the different steps, inclduing viral transcription, assembly, and virion production and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We found that miR-125b-5p overexpression increased HBV replication without altering HBV transcription. This is the first demonstration of post-transcriptional miRNA regulation of HBV replication. In contrast, transfection of miR-125b-5p inhibitor resulted in downregulation of HBV replication in hepatoma cells. Further, miR-125b-5p inhibited the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and blocked cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase in hepatoma cell lines. Our results indicate that certain miRNAs are able to arrest the cell cycle at G1 phase and may increase HBV replication. RNA sequencing revealed several liver-specific metabolic pathways regulated by miR-125b-5p, which was also found to suppress LIN28B and induce let-7 family members. Additional data demonstrated that miR-125b-5p targeted the LIN28B/let-7 axis to stimulate HBV replication at a post-transcriptional step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Deng
- a Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany.,b College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University , Shangrao , China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- a Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- a Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Yong Lin
- a Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- a Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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10
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Yang Y, Zhou YB, Xiao PL, Shi Y, Chen Y, Liang S, Yihuo WL, Song XX, Jiang QW. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in an underdeveloped rural community of southwest China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:2. [PMID: 28126012 PMCID: PMC5267368 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium spp. is an important intestinal protozoan causing diarrhea in humans, livestock, and wild animals. Cryptosporidium infection remains a major public health issue, but its epidemiology in humans is still unclear, particularly in rural China. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in a rural southwestern Chinese community. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 687 residents of a small town in a Yi autonomous prefecture of southwest China in 2014. Blood samples were examined using a broad set of quality-controlled diagnostic methods for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. Results The majority of the participants were Yi people with poor living conditions and unsatisfactory hygiene habits, and the study area was of very low socioeconomic status. Of the 615 individuals included in the analysis, 14 (2.3%) were HIV positive, 51 (8.3%) were infected with HBV, and 74 (12.0%) had Cryptosporidium infection. The prevalences of HIV/HBV, HIV/Cryptosporidium, and HBV/Cryptosporidium co-infections were 0.3%, 0.3%, and 1.8%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in individuals with Cryptosporidium infection (χ2
= 5.00, P = 0.03). Owning livestock or poultry was an important risk factor for Cryptosporidium infection (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01–5.08, P < 0.05). Cryptosporidium infection was significantly associated with HBV infection (aOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.47–7.92, P < 0.01), but not with HIV infection (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.07–4.39, P = 0.59). Conclusions The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was high in the rural area of southwestern China that was investigated, and there was a significant association between HBV infection and Cryptosporidium infection. Further investigations are needed to determine the significance of Cryptosporidium infection in patients infected with HBV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0223-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Biao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Peng-Lei Xiao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Wu-Li Yihuo
- Puge Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 6 Qingnian Road, Puge County, Sichuan, 615300, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Song
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Wu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
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11
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Lin Z, Liao W, Ren J. Physicochemical Characterization of a Polysaccharide Fraction from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Its Macrophage Immunomodulatory and Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5813-5823. [PMID: 27345527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction, here called POP1, was purified from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Physicochemical characterization indicated that POP1 had a relative molecular weight of 8.10 × 10(3) Da and consisted of rhamnose (5.74%), arabinose (12.58%), mannose (10.97%), glucose (64.96%), and galactose (6.55%). The main linkage types of POP1 consisted of (1→5)-linked α-l-Ara, (1→3)-linked α-l-Man, (1→6)-linked β-l-Rha, (1→4)-linked α-d-Glc, (1→6)-linked α-d-Glc, (1→6)-linked β-d-Gal, (1→3,6)-linked β-d-Gal, and termination with α-l-Man and α-d-Glc residues based on periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation, and NMR analysis. POP1 exhibited excellent immunostimulating activity by enhancing macrophage NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 secretion and activating related mRNA expression. Besides, POP1 showed significant anti-HBV activity through inhibiting the expression of HBsAg (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.12 mg/mL) and HBeAg (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.13 mg/mL) and interfering with the HBV DNA replication (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.03 mg/mL). The present study suggested that POP1 could be used as immunoregulatory agent in functional foods for the prevention of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University , Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
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12
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Zhang M, Wu X, Lai F, Zhang X, Wu H, Min T. Betaine Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus with an Advantage of Decreasing Resistance to Lamivudine and Interferon α. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4068-4077. [PMID: 27144395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Betaine (BET) is a native compound known for its ability to protect the liver from toxicants. However, few studies have examined the effects of BET on the most common cause of liver disease, hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this study, the anti-HBV activity of BET was assessed in vitro and in vivo using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Southern blotting. The resistance of HBV to lamivudine and interferon α is challenging in the clinical treatment of HBV. The effect of BET on resistance was also investigated. The results showed that the secretion of HBsAg (HBV surface antigen), HbeAg (HBV e antigen), and HBV DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly decreased by BET via suppression of GRP78 expression. In duck HBV (DHBV)-infected ducklings, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg BET significantly reduced serum DHBV DNA, and DHBV DNA did not rebound after the 5 day withdrawal period. BET suppressed HBV DNA rebound produced by the resistance of HBV to lamivudine and decreased the resistance mutation (rtM204V/I) of HBV DNA. Supplementation of BET may improve the anti-HBV effect of interferon α by increasing the expression of antiviral dsRNA-dependent protein kinase induced by the JAK-STAT (JAK = Janus kinase; STAT = signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway. These results may provide useful information for the clinical application of BET and solution of HBV drug resistance in anti-HBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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13
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A novel pyridazinone derivative inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by inducing genome-free capsid formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7061-72. [PMID: 26349829 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01558-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we first identified a novel pyridazinone derivative, compound 3711, as a nonnucleosidic hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitor in a cell model system. 3711 decreased extracellular HBV DNA levels by 50% (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) at 1.5 ± 0.2 μM and intracellular DNA levels at 1.9 ± 0.1 μM, which demonstrated antiviral activity at levels far below those associated with toxicity. Both the 3TC/ETV dually resistant L180M/M204I mutant and the adefovir (ADV)-resistant A181T/N236T mutant were as susceptible to 3711 as wild-type HBV. 3711 treatment induced the formation of genome-free capsids, a portion of which migrated faster on 1.8% native agarose gel. The induced genome-free capsids sedimented more slowly in isopycnic CsCl gradient centrifugation without significant morphological changes. 3711 treatment decreased levels of HBV DNA contained in both secreted enveloped virion and naked virus particles in supernatant. 3711 could interfere with capsid formation of the core protein (Cp) assembly domain. A Cp V124W mutant, which strengthens capsid interdimer interactions, recapitulated the effect of 3711 on capsid assembly. Pyridazinone derivative 3711, a novel chemical entity and HBV inhibitor, may provide a new opportunity to combat chronic HBV infection.
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14
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Poly(I:C) treatment leads to interferon-dependent clearance of hepatitis B virus in a hydrodynamic injection mouse model. J Virol 2014; 88:10421-31. [PMID: 24920792 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00996-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have previously shown that poly(I:C) activates murine hepatic cells to produce interferon (IFN) and suppresses hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro. Therefore, we addressed whether poly(I:C) is able to induce the clearance of HBV in vivo. The chronic HBV replication mouse model was established by the hydrodynamic injection (HI) of pAAV-HBV1.2 into the tail veins of wild-type and IFN-α/βR-, IFN-γ-, and CXCR3-deficient C57BL/6 mice. Fourteen days post-HI of pAAV-HBV1.2, mice were administered poly(I:C) by intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, or HI. Only treatment of poly(I:C) by HI led to HBV clearance in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Serum HBsAg disappeared within 40 days postinfection (dpi) in mice that received poly(I:C) by HI, and this was accompanied by the appearance of anti-HBs antibodies. HBV-specific T-cell and antibody responses were significantly enhanced by HI of poly(I:C). HBV replication intermediates and HBcAg-positive hepatocytes were eliminated in the liver. HI of poly(I:C) induced the production of IFNs in mice and enhanced the levels of cytokines, IFN-stimulated genes, and T-cell markers in the liver. Importantly, poly(I:C)-induced HBV clearance was impaired in IFN-α/βR-, IFN-γ-, and CXCR3-deficient mice, indicating that the induction of type I IFN and the stimulation and recruitment of T cells into the liver are essential for HBV clearance in this model. Taken together, the application of poly(I:C) by HI into the liver enhances innate and adaptive immune responses and leads to HBV clearance in an HBV mouse model, implicating the potential of intrahepatic Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients. IMPORTANCE It has become well accepted that immunomodulation is a potentially useful approach to treat chronic viral infection. Recently, combinations of antiviral treatment and therapeutic vaccinations were evaluated for therapies of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Activation of the innate immune branch may also be important for viral control and contributes to HBV clearance. Our present study demonstrated that hepatic TLR3 activation led to clearance of hepatitis B virus in an HBV mouse model. For the first time, we showed that HBV clearance in this model is dependent not only on type I interferon (IFN) but also on type II IFN, indicating a coordinated action of innate and adaptive immune responses. T-cell recruitment appeared to be critical for the success of TLR3-mediated antiviral action. These findings implicate the potential of intrahepatic TLR3 activation for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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15
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Yang L, Shi LP, Chen HJ, Tong XK, Wang GF, Zhang YM, Wang WL, Feng CL, He PL, Zhu FH, Hao YH, Wang BJ, Yang DL, Tang W, Nan FJ, Zuo JP. Isothiafludine, a novel non-nucleoside compound, inhibits hepatitis B virus replication through blocking pregenomic RNA encapsidation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:410-8. [PMID: 24487969 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the action of isothiafludine (NZ-4), a derivative of bis-heterocycle tandem pairs from the natural product leucamide A, on the replication cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HBV replication cycle was monitored in HepG2.2.15 cells using qPCR, qRT-PCR, and Southern and Northern blotting. HBV protein expression and capsid assembly were detected using Western blotting and native agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. The interaction of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and the core protein was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation. To evaluate the anti-HBV effect of NZ-4 in vivo, DHBV-infected ducks were orally administered NZ-4 (25, 50 or 100 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) for 15 d. RESULTS NZ-4 suppressed intracellular HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 1.33 μmol/L, whereas the compound inhibited the cell viability with an IC₅₀ value of 50.4 μmol/L. Furthermore, NZ-4 was active against the replication of various drug-resistant HBV mutants, including 3TC/ETV-dual-resistant and ADV-resistant HBV mutants. NZ-4 (5, 10, 20 μmol/L) concentration-dependently reduced the encapsidated HBV pgRNA, resulting in the assembly of replication-deficient capsids in HepG2.2.15 cells. Oral administration of NZ-4 dose-dependently inhibited DHBV DNA replication in the DHBV-infected ducks. CONCLUSION NZ-4 inhibits HBV replication by interfering with the interaction between pgRNA and HBcAg in the capsid assembly process, thus increasing the replication-deficient HBV capsids. Such mechanism of action might provide a new therapeutic strategy to combat HBV infection.
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16
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Guo P. Suppression of interferon-mediated antiviral immunity by hepatitis B virus: an overview of research progress. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:230-7. [PMID: 23790137 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-α is an indispensable drug for hepatitis B treatment in clinical settings. However, hepatitis B virus (HBV) can attenuate IFN-mediated antiviral responses to avoid being inhibited or cleared. Much progress has been made in exploring how the IFN-induced anti-HBV effect is inhibited. This review examines and summarizes new advances regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the HBV-induced suppression of type I IFN-mediated antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guo
- West Campus Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Ma J, Huang C, Yao X, Shi C, Sun L, Yuan L, Lei P, Zhu H, Liu H, Wu X, Ning Q, Zhou C, Shen G. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus and induction of hepatoma cell apoptosis by ASGPR-directed delivery of shRNAs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46096. [PMID: 23094023 PMCID: PMC3477153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide liver disease and nearly 25% of chronic HBV infections terminate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there is no effective therapy to inhibit HBV replication and to eliminate hepatoma cells, making it highly desired to develop novel therapies for these two stages of the HBV-caused detrimental disease. Recently, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) has emerged as a potential therapy for virus-infected disease and cancer. Here, we have generated a shRNA, pGenesil-siHBV4, which effectively inhibits HBV replication in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.2.15. The inhibitory effects of pGenesil-siHBV4 are manifested by the decrease of both the HBV mRNA level and the protein levels of the secreted HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg), and by the reduction of secreted HBV DNA. Using mouse hydrodynamic tail vein injection, we demonstrate that pGenesil-siHBV4 is effective in inhibiting HBV replication in vivo. Because survivin plays a key role in cancer cell escape from apoptosis, we further generated pGenesil-siSurvivin, a survivin-silencing shRNA, and showed its effect of triggering apoptosis of HBV-containing hepatoma cells. To develop targeted shRNA therapy, we have identified that as a specific binder of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), jetPEI-Hepatocyte delivers pGenesil-siHBV4 and pGenesil-siSurvivin specifically to hepatocytes, not other types of cells. Finally, co-transfection of pGenesil-siHBV4 and pGenesil-siSurvivin exerts synergistic effects in inducing hepatoma cell apoptosis, a novel approach to eliminate hepatoma by downregulating survivin via multiple mechanisms. The application of these novel shRNAs with the jetPEI-Hepatocyte targeting strategy demonstrates the proof-of-principle for a promising approach to inhibit HBV replication and eliminate hepatoma cells with high specificity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Asialoglycoprotein Receptor/genetics
- Asialoglycoprotein Receptor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- DNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Vectors
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/growth & development
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Organ Specificity
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Survivin
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Huang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CZ); (GS)
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (GS)
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Pan XB, Ma H, Jin Q, Wei L. Characterization of microRNA expression profiles associated with hepatitis B virus replication and clearance in vivo and in vitro. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:805-12. [PMID: 22097931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Alpha interferon (IFN-α) is an approved treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MicroRNA (miRNA) are currently known as a part of IFN-mediated antiviral defense. We aimed at characterizing the miRNA expression associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and IFN-mediated HBV clearance. METHODS We investigated the expression patterns of cellular miRNA induced by HBV replication and/or IFN-α treatment in HepG2 cells, and also analyzed the miRNA response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CHB patients on IFN-α treatment. The differentially expressed miRNA were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and an miRNA expression pattern was classified based on the final virological response. RESULTS A total of 223 miRNA were differentially expressed (> 1.5 folds) between the HepG2.2.15 and HepG2 cells, including 24 highly differentially expressed miRNA (> 5 folds). With 12 h of IFN-α treatment, 23 totally differentially expressed miRNA were identified in HepG2 cells; whereas only five miRNA were identified in HepG2.2.15 cells. Similar amounts of the miRNA were regulated in patients with HBeAg or non-HBeAg seroconversion; whereas levels of eight miRNA were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS HBV replication alters miRNA expression profiles and impairs IFN-inducible miRNA response in HepG2 cells. The miRNA expression pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CHB patients with IFN therapy can be associated with their therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ben Pan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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19
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Lütgehetmann M, Bornscheuer T, Volz T, Allweiss L, Bockmann JH, Pollok JM, Lohse AW, Petersen J, Dandri M. Hepatitis B virus limits response of human hepatocytes to interferon-α in chimeric mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:2074-83, 2083.e1-2. [PMID: 21376046 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interferon (IFN)-α therapy is not effective for most patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for reasons that are not clear. We investigated whether HBV infection reduced IFN-α-mediated induction of antiviral defense mechanisms in human hepatocytes. METHODS Human hepatocytes were injected into severe combined immune-deficient mice (SCID/beige) that expressed transgenic urokinase plasminogen activator under control of the albumin promoter. Some mice were infected with HBV; infected and uninfected mice were given injections of human IFN-α. Changes in viral DNA and expression of human interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, using human-specific primers, and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Median HBV viremia (0.8log) and intrahepatic loads of HBV RNA decreased 3-fold by 8 or 12 hours after each injection of IFN-α, but increased within 24 hours. IFN-α activated expression of human ISGs and nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT1) in human hepatocytes that repopulated the livers of uninfected mice. Although baseline levels of human ISGs were slightly increased in HBV-infected mice, compared with uninfected mice, IFN-α failed to increase expression of the ISGs OAS-1, MxA, MyD88, and TAP-1 (which regulates antigen presentation) in HBV-infected mice. IFN-α did not induce nuclear translocation of STAT1 in HBV-infected human hepatocytes. Administration of the nucleoside analogue entecavir (for 20 days) suppressed HBV replication but did not restore responsiveness to IFN-α. CONCLUSIONS HBV prevents induction of IFN-α signaling by inhibiting nuclear translocation of STAT1; this can interfere with transcription of ISGs in human hepatocytes. These effects of HBV might contribute to the limited effectiveness of endogenous and therapeutic IFN-α in patients and promote viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lütgehetmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Ait-goughoulte M, Lucifora J, Zoulim F, Durantel D. Innate antiviral immune responses to hepatitis B virus. Viruses 2010; 2:1394-1410. [PMID: 21994686 PMCID: PMC3185716 DOI: 10.3390/v2071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. As HBV itself is currently viewed as a non-cytopathic virus, the liver pathology associated with hepatitis B is mainly thought to be due to immune responses directed against HBV antigens. The outcome of HBV infection is the result of complex interactions between replicating HBV and the immune system. While the role of the adaptive immune response in the resolution of HBV infection is well understood, the contribution of innate immune mechanisms remains to be clearly defined. The innate immune system represents the first line of defense against viral infection, but its role has been difficult to analyze in humans due to late diagnosis of HBV infection. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of innate immunity to HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ait-goughoulte
- INSERM, U871, Molecular Physiopathology and New Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; E-Mails: (M.A.-g.); (J.L.); (F.Z.)
- Université de Lyon, UCBL, and IFR62 Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U871, Molecular Physiopathology and New Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; E-Mails: (M.A.-g.); (J.L.); (F.Z.)
- Université de Lyon, UCBL, and IFR62 Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U871, Molecular Physiopathology and New Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; E-Mails: (M.A.-g.); (J.L.); (F.Z.)
- Université de Lyon, UCBL, and IFR62 Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôtel Dieu Hospital, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U871, Molecular Physiopathology and New Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; E-Mails: (M.A.-g.); (J.L.); (F.Z.)
- Université de Lyon, UCBL, and IFR62 Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôtel Dieu Hospital, 69002 Lyon, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-472-681-970; Fax: +33-472-681-971
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21
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Lucifora J, Durantel D, Testoni B, Hantz O, Levrero M, Zoulim F. Control of hepatitis B virus replication by innate response of HepaRG cells. Hepatology 2010; 51:63-72. [PMID: 19877170 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is currently viewed as a stealth virus that does not elicit innate immunity in vivo. This assumption has not yet been challenged in vitro because of the lack of a relevant cell culture system. The HepaRG cell line, which is physiologically closer to differentiated hepatocytes and permissive to HBV infection, has opened new perspectives in this respect.HBV baculoviruses were used to initiate an HBV replication in both HepG2 and HepaRG cells. To monitor HBV replication, the synthesis of encapsidated DNA, and secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), was respectively analyzed by southern blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The induction of a type I interferon (IFN) response was monitored by targeted quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), low-density arrays, and functional assays. The invalidation of type I IFN response was obtained by either antibody neutralization or RNA interference. We demonstrate that HBV elicits a strong and specific innate antiviral response that results in a noncytopathic clearance of HBV DNA in HepaRG cells. Challenge experiment showed that transduction with Bac-HBV-WT, but not with control baculoviruses, leads to this antiviral response in HepaRG cells, whereas no antiviral response is observed in HepG2 cells. Cellular gene expression analyses showed that IFN-beta and other IFN-stimulated genes were up-regulated in HepG2 and HepaRG cells, but not in cells transduced by control baculoviruses. Interestingly, a rescue of viral replication was observed when IFN-beta action was neutralized by antibodies or RNA interference of type I IFN receptor. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a strong HBV replication is able to elicit a type I IFN response in HepaRG-transduced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U871, Lyon, France
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22
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Activation of the interferon-induced STAT pathway during an adenovirus type 12 infection. Virology 2009; 392:186-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Wu J, Meng Z, Jiang M, Pei R, Trippler M, Broering R, Bucchi A, Sowa JP, Dittmer U, Yang D, Roggendorf M, Gerken G, Lu M, Schlaak JF. Hepatitis B virus suppresses toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses in murine parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. Hepatology 2009; 49:1132-40. [PMID: 19140219 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have previously shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated murine nonparenchymal liver cells [(NPC); Kupffer cells (KC), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC)] can suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HBV has the ability to counteract the TLR-mediated control of its replication. Freshly purified murine hepatocytes and NPCs obtained from C57BL6 mice were stimulated by TLR 1-9 ligands in the presence or absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV virions, or supernatants from HBV-producing HBV-Met cells, and HBV replication was suppressed by anti- hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HBV-Met cells. Supernatants were collected and tested for antiviral cytokines by viral protection assay. HBV gene expression and replication was analyzed by southern blot. RNA and proteins were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Pretreatment of hepatocytes and NPCs with HBV-Met cells supernatants, HBsAg, HBeAg, or HBV virions almost completely abrogated TLR-induced antiviral activity, which correlated with suppression of interferon beta (IFN-beta) production and subsequent interferon-stimulated gene induction as well as suppressed activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. In HBV-infected HBV-Met cells, TLR stimulation did not induce antiviral cytokines in contrast to primary hepatocytes. TLR-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and activation of IRF-3 was suppressed after up-regulation of HBV replication in HBV-Met cells. Accordingly, suppression of HBV replication by siRNA led to activation or expression of proinflammatory transcription factors and cytokines. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that HBV can suppress the TLR-induced antiviral activity of liver cells. This has major implications for the interaction between HBV and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Shi H, Guan SH. Increased apoptosis in HepG2.2.15 cells with hepatitis B virus expression by synergistic induction of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Liver Int 2009; 29:349-55. [PMID: 18662276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were thought to be important immune mediators in host defence against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. AIMS To examine the synergistic effect of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability was quantitatively measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell morphology was captured using light microscopy. The typical DNA ladder test was performed using agarose gel electrophoresis. HBsAg and HBeAg titre changes were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Gene expression was analysed using cDNA macroarrays. RESULTS Interferon-gamma (1000 U/ml) alone or combined with TNF-alpha (5 ng/ml) treatment resulted in apoptosis in HepG2.2.15 cells, but no significant apoptosis in the parent non-virus expressing HepG2 cells. IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis was reduced by lamivudine treatment in HepG2.2.15 cells. IFN-gamma combined with TNF-alpha reduced the titre of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in the HepG2.2.15 cell line. For apoptosis-related gene changes, IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) (12.2-fold), c-myc (V00568 4.7-fold, L00058 2.4-fold) and caspase 7 (2.3-fold) genes were upregulated in the combination treatment group. CONCLUSION Interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha play a role in the cell death of HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells. Expression of HBV leads to IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in the cells. Increased IRF-1, c-myc and caspase 7 gene expression may be responsible for the synergistic induction of apoptosis by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wu J, Lu M, Meng Z, Trippler M, Broering R, Szczeponek A, Krux F, Dittmer U, Roggendorf M, Gerken G, Schlaak JF. Toll-like receptor-mediated control of HBV replication by nonparenchymal liver cells in mice. Hepatology 2007; 46:1769-78. [PMID: 17929296 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Because recent studies have suggested that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based therapies may be a promising approach in the treatment of HBV infection, we studied the role of the local innate immune system of the liver as a possible mediator of this effect. Murine nonparenchymal cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), were isolated from C57/BL6 wild-type or MyD88(-/-) mice and stimulated by agonists of TLR1 to TLR9. Supernatants were harvested and assayed for their antiviral activity against HBV in HBV-Met cells. No direct antiviral effect of TLR agonists could be observed. In controls (myeloid dendritic cells), TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 activation lead to production of antiviral cytokines. By contrast, only supernatants from TLR3-stimulated and TLR4-stimulated KCs and TLR3-stimulated LSECs from wild-type mice were able to potently suppress HBV replication as assessed via Southern blotting. Similar results were found with cells from MyD88(-/-) mice, indicating that the effect was independent of this signaling pathway. Cellular HBV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B e antigen levels in supernatants remained unchanged. Using neutralizing antibodies, we demonstrated that the TLR3-mediated effect but not the TLR4-mediated effect is mediated exclusively through interferon-beta. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the innate immune system of the liver can control HBV replication after activation by TLR agonists. This has implications for the development of TLR-based therapeutic approaches against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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