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Kurzbard-Roach N, Jha P, Poder L, Menias C. Abdominal and pelvic imaging findings associated with sex hormone abnormalities. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1103-1119. [PMID: 30483844 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hormones are substances that serve as chemical communication between cells. They are unique biological molecules that affect multiple organ systems and play a key role in maintaining homoeostasis. In this role, they are usually produced from a single organ and have defined target organs. However, hormones can affect non-target organs as well. As such, biochemical and hormonal abnormalities can be associated with anatomic changes in multiple target as well as non-target organs. Hormone-related changes may take the form of an organ parenchymal abnormality, benign neoplasm, or even malignancy. Given the multifocal action of hormones, the observed imaging findings may be remote from the site of production, and may actually be multi-organ in nature. Anatomic findings related to hormone level abnormalities and/or laboratory biomarker changes may be identified with imaging. The purpose of this image-rich review is to sensitize radiologists to imaging findings in the abdomen and pelvis that may occur in the context of hormone abnormalities, focusing primarily on sex hormones and their influence on these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kurzbard-Roach
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka Jha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Liina Poder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Hu J, Liu L, Gong Y, Zhang L, Gan X, Luo X, Yu T, Zhong X, Deng X, Hu L, Zhang Z, Dong X. Linc02527 promoted autophagy in Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:979. [PMID: 30250023 PMCID: PMC6155230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
LncRNA plays a crucial role in human disease. However, the expression and function of LncRNA in ICP(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we found Linc02527 was increased expression in placenta and serum of ICP patients. Ectopically expression of Linc02527 promoted autophagy and proliferate in HTR8 cells. Silencing Linc02527 suppressed the autophagy and proliferate in HTR8 cells. Mechanically study revealed that Linc02527 regulated the expression of ATG5 and ATG7 by sponging miR-3185. Linc02527 directly binding to YBX1 and activated P21. The growth of C57 mouse was retarded when autophagy was activated. In normal condition, inhibited autophagy using chloroquine did not affect the growth of C57 mouse. However, in the condition of autophagy was activated, inhibited autophagy using chloroquine can improve the growth of C57 mouse. Overall, the results of this study identified Linc02527 as a candidate biomarker in ICP and a potential target for ICP therapy. Chloroquine was a potential drug for ICP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Gan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinru Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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McCarthy CM, McCarthy M, O'Donoghue K. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy: A case report and literature review. Obstet Med 2018; 12:202-204. [PMID: 31853263 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x18784074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy is rare, and we present the first reported case of a pregnancy complicated by pre-existing advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. We describe the case of a 39-year-old woman in her second pregnancy, with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This was discovered in 2013 incidentally following hepato-splenectomy and pancreatectomy for a presumed hepatic adenoma in the context of multiple arterio-venous malformations. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, in conjunction with co-existing pulmonary hypertension was successfully managed in a multi-disciplinary setting, resulting in a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live female infant with maternal and neonatal survival six months following delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McCarthy
- Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - M McCarthy
- Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Donoghue
- Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.,The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hurni Y, Vigo F, von Wattenwyl BL, Ochsenbein N, Canonica C. Fetal Cholelithiasis: Antenatal Diagnosis and Neonatal Follow-Up in a Case of Twin Pregnancy - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ultrasound Int Open 2017; 3:E8-E12. [PMID: 28210714 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal cholelithiasis is a rare finding during a third-trimester ultrasound with an average incidence rate of 0.07-1.15%. We report a case of fetal cholelithiasis in twins, observed in a patient with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy hospitalized at our unit for signs of premature labor. We present the outcome of the 2 neonates with a clinical and sonographic follow-up. In addition, we offer a comprehensive review of the literature available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Hurni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Vigo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Ochsenbein
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Canonica
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Singla A, Mehta S, Rajaram S, Shree S. Materno-Fetal Outcomes with Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:166-9. [PMID: 27298525 PMCID: PMC4870660 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-014-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate materno-fetal outcomes in pregnant women with jaundice. METHODS A prospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, India. 82 pregnant women with jaundice were included. The serum was screened for viral markers, liver function tests, and coagulation status. RESULTS The mean age of women was 27.3 ± 4.3 years. 43.9 % (n = 36) women were HEV positive, 36 % (n = 27) HBsAg positive, 4 % (n = 3) HAV positive and 1.3 % (n = 1) HCV positive. Intrahepatic cholestasis was diagnosed in 10.8 % (n = 8) of women. Maternal morbidity was evaluated in terms of chorioamnionitis (5.4 %, n = 3), encephalopathy (26.8 %, n = 15), and coagulopathy (67.9 %, n = 38). There were five maternal deaths, and all were unbooked with HEV-positive status and a bilirubin >15 mg/dl with deranged coagulogram and encephalopathy and IUDs. 79 women delivered vaginally, and three had cesarean section. Of the vaginal deliveries, 59.8 % (n = 49) went into spontaneous labor, and 25.5 % (n = 21) were induced for varied reasons (BPS < 6/10 (38 %, n = 8)) and progressive derangement of LFT (38 %, n = 8). Among the 71 deliveries, 29 (40.8 %) were IUD and 42 (59.1 %) were live born. On analyzing the morbidity data, it was found that HEV-positive women (deranged coagulogram 71.05 %, IUD 75.86 %, encephalopathy 80 %) had a poorer outcome as compared to their HBsAg positive counterparts (deranged coagulogram 10.52 %, IUD 13.79 %, encephalopathy 6.66 %). CONCLUSION Urgent redressal of issues pertaining to sanitation and provision for clean drinking water for citizens of India is the need of the hour as HEV is fecooral in transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuja Singla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Sumita Mehta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Shalini Rajaram
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Sneha Shree
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095 India
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Zhao Y, Jin H, Zhang X, Wang B, Liu P. Viral hepatitis vaccination during pregnancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:894-902. [PMID: 26833263 PMCID: PMC4962971 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a serious global public health problem. It is also a common cause of jaundice and gestational complications in pregnant women. Moreover, infected mothers can transmit the virus to their fetus or neonate, which may increase disease burden and decrease quality of life. To date, commercial vaccines have been developed for hepatitis A, B, and E and are available to the general population. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently accepts emergency vaccination against hepatitis A and B during pregnancy due to benefits that overweight the potential risks. While there are limited data from trials with limited numbers of samples that suggest the efficacy or safety of hepatitis B and E vaccines in pregnant women, additional data are necessary to provide evidence of vaccination during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Pregnancy with liver cirrhosis is a rare and dangerous event that exposes mother and fetus to potentially lethal risks. During pregnancy, hepatic decompensation could suffice and the development of hepatic failure and encephalopathy could occur. The incidence of obstetric complications is also increased with a high rate of pre-eclampsia, postpartum bleeding, preterm delivery and stillbirth. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman with autoimmune hepatitis and liver cirrhosis complicated by splenomegaly, oesophageal varices and severe thrombocytopaenia. During pregnancy, close clinical and analytical surveillance was performed. She was medicated with corticosteroids, azathioprine and propranolol. At the 25th week of gestation, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to control oesophageal varices. This patient had an uneventful pregnancy until 37 weeks. At 37th week of gestation, after spontaneous rupture of membranes, signs of acute fetal distress were observed, and an urgent caesarean was performed. Good neonatal and maternal outcomes were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Braga
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Braga
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Daher CH, Gomes AC, Kobayashi S, Cerri GG, Chammas MC. Ultrasonographic study and Doppler flow velocimetry of maternal kidneys and liver in low-risk pregnancy. Radiol Bras 2015; 48:135-42. [PMID: 26185338 PMCID: PMC4492564 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longitudinal study with B-mode ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography of maternal kidneys and liver in low-risk pregnancy, to establish and quantify normality parameters, correlating them with physiological changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five pregnant women were assessed and selected to participate in the study, each of them undergoing four examinations at the first, second, third trimesters and postpartum. RESULTS Findings during pregnancy were the following: increased renal volume, pyelocaliceal dilatation with incidence of 45.4% in the right kidney, and 9% in the left kidney; nephrolithiasis, 18.1% in the right kidney, 13.6% in the left kidney. With pyelocaliceal dilatation, mean values for resistivity index were: 0.68 for renal arteries; 0.66 for segmental arteries; 0.64 for interlobar arteries; 0.64 for arcuate arteries. Without pyelocaliceal dilatation, 0.67 for renal arteries; 0.64 for segmental arteries; 0.63 for interlobar arteries; and 0.61 for arcuate arteries. Portal vein flow velocities presented higher values in pregnancy, with mean value for maximum velocity of 28.9 cm/s, and 22.6 cm/s postpartum. The waveform pattern of the right hepatic vein presented changes persisting in the postpartum period in 31.8% of the patients. Cholelithiasis was observed in 18.1% of the patients. CONCLUSION Alterations in renal volume, pyelocaliceal dilatation, nephrolithiasis, cholelithiasis, changes in portal vein flow velocity, alterations in waveform pattern of the right hepatic vein, proved to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Helena Daher
- MD, Researcher at Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital das
Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
(InRad/HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cavalanti Gomes
- Physician Assistants at Unit of Ultrasonography, Instituto de Radiologia
do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo (In- Rad/HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Kobayashi
- Physician Assistants at Unit of Ultrasonography, Instituto de Radiologia
do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo (In- Rad/HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Guido Cerri
- Full Professor, Division of Radiology and Imaging Diagnosis, Faculdade
de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Chammas
- Director, Unit of Ultrasonography, Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital
das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
(InRad/HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation of a Large Centrally Located Hepatocellular Adenoma in a Woman with a Pregnancy Wish. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 38:1031-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-014-1041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Jabiry-Zieniewicz Z, Dabrowski FA, Suchońska B, Kowalczyk R, Nowacka E, Kociszewska-Najman B, Pietrzak B, Malkowski P, Wielgos M. Pregnancy and delivery in women with esophageal varices due to hepatic vein thrombosis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:177-81. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.908846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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