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Choochuay K, Kunhapan P, Puangpetch A, Tongsima S, Srisawasdi P, Sobhonslidsuk A, Sungkanuparph S, Biswas M, Sukasem C. Associations of PNPLA3 and LEP genetic polymorphisms with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Thai people living with human immunodeficiency virus. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:366-378. [PMID: 38577531 PMCID: PMC10989307 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident. AIM To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH. METHODS The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan® MGB probe 5' nuclease assays for seven MAFLD-related genes. Statistical analyses included SNP frequency analysis, Fisher's Exact and Chi-square tests, odds ratio calculations, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The G-allele carriers of PNPLA3 (rs738409) exhibited a two-fold rise in MAFLD, increasing by 2.5 times in MAFLD with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features and genetic patterns imply that LEP rs7799039 A-allele carriers had a nine times (P = 0.001) more significant chance of developing aberrant triglyceride among PLWH. CONCLUSION The current study shows an association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and LEP rs7799039 with MAFLD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanuengnit Choochuay
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Punna Kunhapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuek Sungkanuparph
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Mohitosh Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics Clinic, Bumrungrad Genomic Medicine Institute, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Research and Development Laboratory, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Qi Y, Chen C, Li X, Liu Y, Qi H, Xue Y, Yang F. Silencing ApoC3 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR signaling pathway. Immunol Res 2023; 71:687-697. [PMID: 37036635 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to confirm whether apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) can regulate the inflammatory response and tissue damage in acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its regulatory pathway. ALI mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ApoC3 levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays. The levels of various inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Finally, the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related protein [TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), NF-κB p65, and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα)], SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein (SCIMP), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and phosphorylated (p)-Syk was detected by western blot analysis. ApoC3 was overexpressed in ALI mouse lung tissue and cell inflammation model. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and alleviated lung tissue damage in ALI mice. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and downregulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, IRAK1, NF-κB p65, and increased IκBα expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, co-transfection of si-TLR2 and shApoC3 further enhanced the inhibitory effects on the levels of inflammatory factors induced by silencing ApoC3. ApoC3 overexpression increased the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression of SCIMP and p-Syk, while silencing TLR2 reversed the promotive effects of ApoC3 overexpression on above factors. In LPS-induced ALI mouse model and inflammatory cell model, downregulation of ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and relieved tissue damage. This process might be achieved through the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchang Xue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Key Laboratory of Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Treatment, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Medicine, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, 271199, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Rivera-Íñiguez I, González-Becerra K, Ramos-Lopez O, Peréz-Beltrán YE, Chagüén-Hernández MS, Martínez-López E, Mendivil EJ. Lipid-Related Genetic Variants for Personalized Dietary Interventions: A Systematic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200675. [PMID: 37186438 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are known risk factors for chronic diseases. Precision nutrition interventions are designed according to characteristics, such as diet, phenotype, and genotype. This systematic review aims to define a panel of genetic variants associated with lipid abnormalities that could be later used in nutrigenetic intervention studies. A systematic review is conducted following the PRISMA-P. Studies published from January 2010 to December 2020 in English language and humans are included from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Articles that demonstrate a strong association between polymorphisms (single nucleotide variation) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and increased risk for dyslipidemia are included. A total of 3031 articles are screened, but only 51 articles fulfill the inclusion criteria. The genes included are FABP2, MTTP related to CM synthesis and secretion; LPL, LIPC involved in triglyceride hydrolysis; CETP, APOA1, LCAT, ABCA1, and APOA5 related to lipoprotein metabolism, and APOE, LDLR, SCARB1, APOC3 involved in lipid clearance. In this systematic review, genetic variants related to chylomicron synthesis, triglyceride hydrolysis, lipoprotein metabolism, and lipid clearance demonstrate a strong association with lipid abnormalities, which can be used to design precision nutrition interventions that may help to prevent and treat dyslipidemia effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Rivera-Íñiguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 45604, México
- Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, México
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, 22390, México
| | - Yolanda E Peréz-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Nayarit, 63175, México
| | - Marian S Chagüén-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 45604, México
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Edgar J Mendivil
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 45604, México
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, 01219, México
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Sohal A, Chaudhry H, Kowdley KV. Genetic Markers Predisposing to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:333-352. [PMID: 37024211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has sparked interest in understanding genetics and epigenetics associated with the development and progression of the disease. A better understanding of the genetic factors related to progression will be beneficial in the risk stratification of patients. These genetic markers can also serve as potential therapeutic targets in the future. In this review, we focus on the genetic markers associated with the progression and severity of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalam Sohal
- Liver Institute Northwest, 3216 Northeast 45th Place Suite 212, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hunza Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCSF Fresno, 155 North Fresno Street, Fresno, CA 93722, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Liver Institute Northwest, 3216 Northeast 45th Place Suite 212, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, WA, USA.
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The association between rs1260326 with the risk of NAFLD and the mediation effect of triglyceride on NAFLD in the elderly Chinese Han population. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2736-2747. [PMID: 35333773 PMCID: PMC9004570 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accumulated studies have pointed out the striking association between variants in or near APOC3, GCKR, PNPLA3, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at various ages from multiple ethnic groups. This association remained unclear in the Chinese Han elderly population, and whether this relationship correlated to any clinical parameters was also unclear. Objectives: This study aims to decipher the complex relevance between gene polymorphisms, clinical parameters, and NAFLD by association study and mediation analysis. Methods: Eight SNPs (rs2854116, rs2854117, rs780093, rs780094, rs1260362, rs738409, rs2294918, and rs2281135) within APOC3, GCKR, and PNPLA3 were genotyped using the MassARRAY® platform in a large Chinese Han sample comprising of 733 elderly NAFLD patients and 824 age- and ethnic-matched controls. Association and mediation analysis were employed by R. Results: The genotypic frequencies of rs1260326 and rs780094 were significantly different between NAFLD and control (rs1260326: P=0.004, Pcorr=0.020, OR [95%CI]= 0.69 [0.54-0.89]; rs780094: P=0.005, Pcorr=0.025, OR [95%CI]= 0.70 [0.55-0.90]). Particularly, an increased triglyceride level was observed in carriers of rs1260326 T allele (1.94±1.19 mmol/L) compared with non-carriers (1.73±1.05 mmol/L).no significant results were observed in rs780094. Notably, triglyceride levels had considerably indirect impacts on association between NAFLD and rs1260326 (β =0.01, 95% CI: 0.01–0.02), indicating that 12.7% of the association of NAFLD with rs1260326 was mediated by triglyceride levels. Conclusions: Our results identified a prominent relationship between GCKR rs1260326 and NAFLD, and highlighted the mediated effect of triglyceride levels on the that association in the Chinese Han elderly.
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Chen BF, Chien Y, Tsai PH, Perng PC, Yang YP, Hsueh KC, Liu CH, Wang YH. A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:923-929. [PMID: 34108427 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk has been investigated in many studies, with inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of APOC3 promoter region polymorphisms (-455T/C and -482C/T) on NAFLD susceptibility. METHODS A comprehensive search of eligible studies up to October 2020 was performed on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. No restriction was imposed on language, publication date, or publication status. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the combined effect sizes. The levels of heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias were analyzed subsequently. RESULTS This meta-analysis included eight studies, consisting of 1,511 patients with NAFLD and 1,900 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The pooled analysis showed significant associations between APOC3 -455T/C polymorphism and NAFLD risk in allelic (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.05-1.67), dominant (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), and recessive (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.06-2.40) models. Ethnicity-based stratification showed that -455T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. No association was evident between -482C/T polymorphism and NAFLD risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that APOC3 promoter region polymorphism -455T/C may be associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. Additional studies with other functional polymorphisms are needed to discover APOC3 gene effects on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Feng Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeuh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pang-Chung Perng
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chun Hsueh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Hu X, Jia X, Xu C, Wei Y, Wang Z, Liu G, You Q, Lu G, Gong W. Downregulation of NK cell activities in Apolipoprotein C-III-induced hyperlipidemia resulting from lipid-induced metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk with lipid-laden dendritic cells. Metabolism 2021; 120:154800. [PMID: 34051224 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein C-III (Apoc3) is a key component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The Apoc3-transgenic mice are characterized by high levels of plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids (FFAs). Apoc3 stimulates human monocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Considering the NK cell downregulation in obese individuals and the possible stimulatory-effects of macrophages, variations of NK cell functions and underlying mechanisms were investigated in mice with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia. METHODS Variations of activities and glycolipid metabolism in NK cells of the Apoc3-transgenic mice with hyperlipidemia were detected. Molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced metabolic-reprogramming in NK cells were analyzed based on the transcriptome sequencing. Finally, effects of DCs in mice with hyperlipidemia on NK cell functions were determined. RESULTS Impaired number and function of NK cells in Apoc3TG mice was involved with the increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glycolysis. Increased uptake of FFAs in Apoc3TG-NK cells contributed to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and the downstream PTEN-AKT-mTOR/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of PPAR or CPT1α only partly reversed the IFN-γ production of Apoc3TG-NK cells, but completely restored IFN-γ secretion by palmitic acid-treated NK cells ex vivo, indicating that other factors contributed to the Apoc3TG-NK cell downregulation. Meanwhile, Apoc3TG-DCs, which contained more lipids in the cytoplasm, depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase the expressions PD-L1, TGF-β1, and NKG2D ligands and suppress NK cell activities. DCs of the Apoc3TG-CD36-/+ hybrid mice with less intracellular lipids and ROS production could not inhibit NK cells, indicating that intracellular FFAs promoted the immune-modulatory function of DCs. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of NK cell activities in individuals with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia was due to the increased fatty acid oxidation in NK cells and the bystander suppression caused by lipid-laden DCs. The dual recovery function of NK cells and DCs would improve the prognosis of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - George Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Wong WK, Chan WK. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Global Perspective. Clin Ther 2021; 43:473-499. [PMID: 33526312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing over the years and is now as high in Asia as in the Western world, so much so that it should no longer be considered a Western disease. In fact, China is expected to have the largest increase in the number of NAFLD cases in the coming years. The increase in prevalence of NAFLD in Asia lags behind that of the Western world; thus, there will be a lag in more severe liver disease in Asia despite a similar prevalence of the disease. NAFLD is more prevalent among patients with diabetes mellitus, which is also an important risk factor for more severe liver disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus thus represent an important target for screening for NAFLD and more severe liver disease. Although the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism is the most studied in NAFLD, it is increasingly clear that the cumulative effect of multiple genes likely predisposes to NAFLD and more severe liver disease in the different ethnic groups, and polygenic risk scores are emerging. Lean NAFLD has been largely reported in Asia but is increasingly recognized worldwide. Multiple risk factors have been identified for the disease that manifests in metabolically unhealthy normal weight individuals; however, it responds to lifestyle intervention, similar to the disease in obese individuals. Lastly, the newer term "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" provides a more accurate reflection of the disease, giving more focus to clinicians and researchers in tackling this increasingly common and challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kei Wong
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Aguilar-Recarte D, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M. Uncovering the role of apolipoprotein C-III in insulin resistance. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2020; 33:108-115. [PMID: 33303217 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a small protein that is predominantly synthesized in the liver and mainly resides at the surface of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Its expression is upregulated by glucose and reduced by insulin, with enhanced apoC-III promoting hypertriglyceridemia and inflammation in vascular cells. The protein is also elevated in patients with diabetes, suggesting that enhanced apoC-III levels might contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present review focuses on the key mechanisms by which apoC-III could promote type 2 diabetes mellitus, including exacerbation of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, activation of β-cell apoptosis, promotion of weight gain through its effects on white adipose tissue and hypothalamus, and attenuation of the beneficial effects of high-density lipoproteins on glucose metabolism. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing apoC-III levels may not only reduce hypertriglyceridemia but also might improve insulin resistance, thus delaying the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang J, Ye C, Fei S. Association between APOC3 polymorphisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1800-1808. [PMID: 34394242 PMCID: PMC8351815 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) polymorphism has been reported to predispose to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to provide insights into the association between APOC3 polymorphisms and NAFLD risk. METHODS Studies with terms "NALFD" and "APOC3" were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to August 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of APOC3 polymorphisms and NAFLD risk were calculated using fixed and random-effects models. RESULTS A total of twelve studies from eleven articles were included. Of them, eight studies (1750 cases and 2181 controls) reported the strong association of variant rs2854116 with NAFLD and six studies (1523 cases and 1568 controls) found the association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD. Overall, a statistically significant association between rs2854116 polymorphism of APOC3 gene and NAFLD risk was found only under dominant model. However, association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD risk was not detected under all four genetic models. In sub-group analysis of NAFLD subjects based on country, no association among them in China was detected. Besides, four studies analyze the association between the two polymorphisms and clinical characteristics in all subjects or NAFLD patients, and we also failed detect any association between the wild carriers and variant carriers. CONCLUSION The meta-analyses suggests that the rs2854116 polymorphism but not rs2854117 polymorphism in APOC3 gene might be a risk factor for NAFLD among Asians. That is, individuals with CT+CC genotype have higher risk of developing NAFLD. However, studies with sufficient sample size are needed for the further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuncui Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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APOC3 rs2070667 Associates with Serum Triglyceride Profile and Hepatic Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8869674. [PMID: 33294458 PMCID: PMC7718051 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) play important role in lipid metabolism, and dyslipidemia underlies nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But the correlation of serum lipidomics, APOC3 SNPs, and NAFLD remains limited understood. Enrolling thirty-four biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, we investigated their APOC3 genotype and serum lipid profile by DNA sequencing and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. Scoring of hepatocyte steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis was then performed to reveal the role of lipidomics-affecting APOC3 SNPs in NAFLD-specific pathological alterations. Here, we reported that APOC3 SNPs (rs4225, rs4520, rs5128, rs2070666, and rs2070667) intimately correlated to serum lipidomics in NAFLD patients. A allele instead of G allele at rs2070667, which dominated the SNPs underlying lipidomic alteration, exhibited downregulatory effect on triacylglycerols (TGs: TG 54 : 7, TG 54 : 8, and TG 56 : 9) containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Moreover, subjects with low-level PUFA-containing TGs were predisposed to high-grade lobular inflammation (TG 54 : 7, rho = -0.454 and P = 0.007; TG 54 : 8, rho = -0.411 and P =0.016; TG 56 : 9, rho = -0.481 and P = 0.004). The significant correlation of APOC3 rs2070667 and inflammation grading [G/G vs. G/A+A/A: 0.00 (0.00 and 1.00) vs. 1.50 (0.75 and 2.00), P = 0.022] further confirmed its pathological action on the basis of lipidomics-impacting activity. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of A allele at APOC3 rs2070667 on serum levels of PUFA-containing TGs, which are associated with high-grade lobular inflammation in NAFLD patients.
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Saki S, Saki N, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Assessment of Genetic Aspects of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver and Premature Cardiovascular Events. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:65-88. [PMID: 32626560 PMCID: PMC7320986 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated a strong interplay and multifaceted relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the major cause of death in patients with NAFLD. NAFLD also has strong associations with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to overview the primary environmental and genetic risk factors of NAFLD, and CVD and also focus on the genetic aspects of these two disorders. NAFLD and CVD are both heterogeneous diseases with common genetic and molecular pathways. We have searched for the latest published articles regarding this matter and tried to provide an overview of recent insights into the genetic aspects of NAFLD and CVD. The common genetic and molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and CVD are insulin resistance (IR), subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. According to an investigation, the exact associations between genomic characteristics of NAFLD and CVD and casual relationships are not fully determined. Different gene polymorphisms have been identified as the genetic components of the NAFLDCVD association. Some of the most documented ones of these gene polymorphisms are patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), adiponectin-encoding gene (ADIPOQ), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), leptin receptor (LEPR), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7), and mutation in DYRK1B that substitutes cysteine for arginine at position 102 in kinase-like domain. Further cohort studies with a significant sample size using advanced genomic assessments and next-generation sequencing techniques are needed to shed more light on genetic associations between NAFLD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saki
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hoveizeh Cohort Study, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang X, Chen W, Yan C, Yang R, Chen Q, Xu H, Huang Y. Gypenosides improve the intestinal microbiota of non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice and alleviate its progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Lim S, Taskinen MR, Borén J. Crosstalk between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiometabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:599-611. [PMID: 30589487 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition characterized by fat accumulation combined with low-grade inflammation in the liver. A large body of clinical and experimental data shows that increased flux of free fatty acids from increased visceral adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis can lead to NAFLD and insulin resistance. Thus, individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia are at the greatest risk of developing NAFLD. Conversely, NAFLD is a phenotype of cardiometabolic syndrome. Notably, researchers have discovered a close association between NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism and focused on the role of NAFLD in the development of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, recent studies provide substantial evidence for an association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic disorders. Even if NAFLD can progress into severe liver disorders including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, the majority of subjects with NAFLD die from cardiovascular disease eventually. In this review, we propose a potential pathological link between NAFLD/NASH and cardiometabolic syndrome. The potential factors that can play a pivotal role in this link, such as inflammation, insulin resistance, alteration in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, and gut microbiota are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Diabetes & Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Christopoulou E, Tsimihodimos V, Filippatos T, Elisaf M. Apolipoprotein CIII and diabetes. Is there a link? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3118. [PMID: 30557902 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), a small protein that resides on the surface of lipoprotein particles, is a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism. The inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the increased assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and the decreased reuptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by the liver are mechanisms associating elevated serum ApoCIII levels and hypertriglyceridemia. ApoCIII concentration is high in individuals with diabetes mellitus, indicating a possible positive correlation with impairment of glucose metabolism. The aim of this review (based on a Pubmed search until August 2018) is to present the possible mechanisms linking ApoCIII and deterioration of carbohydrate homeostasis. ApoCIII enhances pancreatic β-cells apoptosis via an increase of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in the insulin-producing cells. In addition, overexpression of ApoCIII enhances non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and exacerbates inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscles, affecting insulin signalling and thereby inducing insulin resistance. Moreover, recent studies reveal a possible mechanism of body weight increase and glucose production through a potential ApoCIII-induced LPL inhibition in the hypothalamus. Also, the presence of ApoCIII on the surface of high-density lipoprotein particles is associated with impairment of their antiglycemic and atheroprotective properties. Modulating ApoCIII may be a potent therapeutic approach to manage hypertriglyceridemia and improve carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Christopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilios Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodosios Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Moses Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Kovalic AJ, Banerjee P, Tran QT, Singal AK, Satapathy SK. Genetic and Epigenetic Culprits in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:390-402. [PMID: 30564000 PMCID: PMC6286466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) constitutes a wide spectrum of liver pathology with hepatic steatosis at the core of this pathogenesis. Variations of certain genetic components have demonstrated increased susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Therefore, these inciting variants must be further characterized in order to ultimately provide effective, targeted therapies for NAFLD and will be the focus of this review. Several genetic variants revealed an association with NAFLD through Genome-wide Association Study, meta-analyses, and retrospective case-control studies. PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 are the two genetic variants providing the strongest evidence for association with NAFLD. However, it remains to be determined if these genetic variants serve as the primary culprit which induces the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Prospective and intervention studies are urgently needed to firmly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the presence of certain genetic variants and risk of NAFLD development and progression.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ACC2, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2
- ACLY, ATP Citrate Lyase
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CK-18, Cytokeratin 18
- CT, Computed Tomography
- FASN, Fatty Acid Synthase
- GWAS, Genome-wide Association Study
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- LT, Liver Transplantation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
- SCD1, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- US, Ultrasonography
- epigenetics
- genetic polymorphisms
- genetic variants
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kovalic
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quynh T. Tran
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
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Oniciu DC, Hashiguchi T, Shibazaki Y, Bisgaier CL. Gemcabene downregulates inflammatory, lipid-altering and cell-signaling genes in the STAM™ model of NASH. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194568. [PMID: 29847555 PMCID: PMC5976190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can advance, if untreated, to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure and liver-related death. In the United States, NASH affects approximately 2–5% of the population and an additional 10–30% have NAFLD. The number of drugs in development for NASH is growing steadily, along with nonclinical models to support prediction of clinical success. Here we evaluate gemcabene, a first-in-class clinical candidate for dyslipidemia, for its potential utility, based on its combined lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory efficacy in clinical trials, in a preclinical model of NASH. Methods Gemcabene was evaluated in the STAM™ murine model of NASH. Gemcabene intervention in mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and fed a high fat high-caloric diet was assessed for changes in plasma, and hepatic histological and mRNA markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results Gemcabene significantly downregulated hepatic mRNA markers of inflammation (TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, CCR5, CCR2, NF-κB), lipogenesis and lipid modulation (ApoC-III, ACC1, ADH-4, Sulf-2), and fibrosis (TIMP-1 and MMP-2). These effects are important for the prevention of steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning (i.e., the components of the NAFLD Activity Score or NAS), and inhibition of fibrosis progression, and were observed following treatment with gemcabene. Conclusions These non-clinical findings corroborate with existing clinical data to support the clinical evaluation of gemcabene as a potential new treatment for NASH.
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Yang H, Chen G, Song C, Li D, Ma Q, Chen G, Li X. A novel index including SNPs for the screening of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among elder Chinese: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0272. [PMID: 29595690 PMCID: PMC5895391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently noninvasive methods were employed to the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), product of fasting triglyceride and glucose levels (TyG), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), whereas the accuracy of those indexes need to be improved. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a new index comprehensive index (CI), consisting of 6 serum biomarkers and anthropometric parameters through multivariate logistic regression analysis, to the earlier detection of NAFLD, and the diagnostic value of 5 SNPs (S1: rs2854116 of apolipoprotein C3 [APOC3], S2: rs4149267 of ATP-binding cassette transporter [ABCA1], S3: rs13702 of lipoprotein lipase [LPL], S4: rs738409 of protein 3 [patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3)], S5: rs780094 of glucokinase regulatory protein gene [GCKR]) for NAFLD were also explored. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Youden index (YI) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. The AUROC of CI was higher than FLI, HSI, and TyG (CI: 0.897, FLI: 0.873, HSI: 0.855, TyG: 0.793). Therefore, CI might be a better index for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Although there had no statistical significance (P = .123), the AUROC and YI were increased when CI combined with rs2854116 (S1) (AUROC = 0.902, YI = 0.6844). The combination of CI with S1 showed even better diagnostic accuracy than CI, which suggests the potential value of rs2854116 for the diagnosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Guochong Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Chunli Song
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Preventive Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District in Suzhou
| | - Guangliang Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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Umano GR, Martino M, Santoro N. The Association between Pediatric NAFLD and Common Genetic Variants. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017. [PMID: 28629152 PMCID: PMC5483624 DOI: 10.3390/children4060049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common complications of obesity. Several studies have shown that genetic predisposition probably plays an important role in its pathogenesis. In fact, in the last few years a large number of genetic studies have provided compelling evidence that some gene variants, especially those in genes encoding proteins regulating lipid metabolism, are associated with intra-hepatic fat accumulation. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the gene variants that have affected the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Vhirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Universita' della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Dipartimento di Medicina V. Tiberio, Universita' del Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Dipartimento di Medicina V. Tiberio, Universita' del Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
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Zhang RN, Zheng RD, Mi YQ, Zhou D, Shen F, Chen GY, Zhu CY, Pan Q, Fan JG. APOC3 rs2070666 Is Associated with the Hepatic Steatosis Independently of PNPLA3 rs738409 in Chinese Han Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2284-2293. [PMID: 27059980 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and apolipoprotein C3 gene (APOC3) promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2854117 and rs2854116 is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between other polymorphisms of APOC3 and NAFLD in Chinese. METHODS Fifty-nine liver biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 72 healthy control subjects were recruited to a cohort representing Chinese Han population. The polymorphisms in the exons and flanking regions of APOC3 and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphisms were genotyped. RESULTS Among the five SNPs (rs4225, rs4520, rs5128, rs2070666, and rs2070667) in APOC3, only rs2070666 (c.179 + 62 T/A) was significantly different in genotype and allele frequency (both p < 0.01) between groups of NAFLD and control. After adjusting for sex, age, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, body mass index, and the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism, the APOC3 rs2070666 A allele was an independent risk factor for NAFLD with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.683 and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 1.037-13.084. The APOC3 rs2070666 A allele was linked to the fourth quartile of the controlled attenuation parameter values (OR 2.769, 95 % CI 1.002-7.651) in 131 subjects, and also linked to the significant histological steatosis (OR 4.986, 95 % CI 1.020-24.371), but neither to liver stiffness measurement values nor to hepatic histological activity and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS The APOC3 rs2070666 A allele is a risk factor for NAFLD independent of obesity, dyslipidemia, and PNPLA3 rs738409, and it might contribute to increased liver fat content in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rui-Dan Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, Zhengxing Hospital, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Mi
- Department of Infective Disease, Tianjin Infectious Disease Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guang-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chan-Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Jin JL, Guo YL, Li JJ. Apoprotein C-III: A review of its clinical implications. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:50-4. [PMID: 27318213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Apoprotein C-III (apoC-III), originating from the apoA-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster affected by multiple regulating factors, has been demonstrated to have a validated link with hypertriglyceridemia in humans. Following genome studies establishing the impact of apoC-III on both plasma triglyceride (TG) level and cardiovascular disease (CVD), apoC-III offers us a novel explanation attempting to resolve the long-existing confusion with regard to the atherogenic effect of TG. Notably, apoC-III exerts its atherogenic effect by means of not only intervening in the function and metabolism of various lipid molecules, but also accelerating pro-inflammatory effects between monocytes and endothelial cells. Data have suggested that diabetes, a common endocrine disease, also correlates closely with apoC-III in its apoptosis process of islet βcells. In fact, apoC-III genes, with various mutations among individuals, are also found to have relevance to other diseases, including fatty liver disease. Fortunately, besides present day therapeutic strategies, such as lifestyle changes and lipid-lowering drug treatments, a promising new antisense drug specifically targeting on apoC-III gene expression opens up new avenues. This article mainly summarizes the clinical implication of apoC-III and its future directions of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Jin
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
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Li XL, Sui JQ, Lu LL, Zhang NN, Xu X, Dong QY, Xin YN, Xuan SY. Gene polymorphisms associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease: a concise review. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 26965314 PMCID: PMC4785616 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease which represents a wide spectrum of hepatic damage. Several studies have reported that NAFLD is a strong independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). And patients with NAFLD are at higher risk and suggested undergoperiodic cardiovascular risk assessment. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for the main cause of death in patients with NAFLD, and is mostly influenced by genetic factors. Both NAFLD and CAD are heterogeneous disease. Common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CAD includes insulin resistance (IR), atherogenic dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. Genomic characteristics of these two diseases have been widely studied, further research about the association of these two diseases draws attention. The gene polymorphisms of adiponectin-encoding gene (ADIPOQ), leptin receptor (LEPR), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol regulatory elementbinding proteins (SREBP), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) have been reported to be related to NAFLD and CAD. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of recent insights into the genetic basis of NAFLD and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jian-Qing Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Quan-Yong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Macaluso FS, Maida M, Petta S. Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11088-11111. [PMID: 26494964 PMCID: PMC4607907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most significant liver diseases of the twenty-first century. Its development is certainly driven by environmental factors, but it is also regulated by genetic background. The role of heritability has been widely demonstrated by several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies and case series, and likely reflects the wide inter-individual and inter-ethnic genetic variability in systemic metabolism and wound healing response processes. Consistent with this idea, genome-wide association studies have clearly identified Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant I148M as a major player in the development and progression of NAFLD. More recently, the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 E167K variant emerged as a relevant contributor in both NAFLD pathogenesis and cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, numerous case-control studies have been performed to elucidate the potential role of candidate genes in the pathogenesis and progression of fatty liver, although findings are sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we performed a comprehensive literature search and review on the role of genetics in NAFLD. We emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the available literature and outline the putative role of each genetic variant in influencing susceptibility and/or progression of the disease.
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Willebrords J, Pereira IVA, Maes M, Crespo Yanguas S, Colle I, Van Den Bossche B, Da Silva TC, de Oliveira CPMS, Andraus W, Alves VA, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Strategies, models and biomarkers in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:106-25. [PMID: 26073454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most dominant chronic liver disease in Western countries due to the fact that hepatic steatosis is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and drug-induced injury. A variety of chemicals, mainly drugs, and diets is known to cause hepatic steatosis in humans and rodents. Experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models rely on the application of a diet or the administration of drugs to laboratory animals or the exposure of hepatic cell lines to these drugs. More recently, genetically modified rodents or zebrafish have been introduced as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models. Considerable interest now lies in the discovery and development of novel non-invasive biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with specific focus on hepatic steatosis. Experimental diagnostic biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, such as (epi)genetic parameters and '-omics'-based read-outs are still in their infancy, but show great promise. In this paper, the array of tools and models for the study of liver steatosis is discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-art regarding experimental biomarkers such as epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Bert Van Den Bossche
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Venâncio Avancini Alves
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Jiang Y, Ma J, Li H, Liu Y, You C. Effect of apolipoprotein C3 genetic polymorphisms on serum lipid levels and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:48. [PMID: 25994187 PMCID: PMC4490767 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene were associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two genetic variants (1100 C/T and 3238 C/G) of APOC3 on serum lipid levels and risk of ICH. METHODS A prospective hospital-based case-control design and logistic regression analysis were utilized. We enrolled 150 ICH patients and 150 age- and gender-matched controls. The APOC3 gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS ICH patients had a significantly higher frequency of APOC3 3238 GG genotype [odds ratio (OR)=.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.20, 7.38; P=0.02] and APOC3 3238 G allele (OR=.53, 95% CI=1.03, 2.27; P=0.04) than controls. The APOC3 3238 G allele was significantly associated with increasing plasma TG levels and VLDL levels both in ICH cases (P=0.01) and controls (P=0.02). No association was found between APOC3 1100 C/T polymorphisms and ICH. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature that the APOC3 3238 GG genotype and G allele might contribute to an increased risk of ICH as a result of its effect on serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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