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Kaga C, Kakiyama S, Hokkyo A, Ogata Y, Shibata J, Nagahara T, Nakazawa M, Nakagawa T, Tsujimoto H, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Matsumoto S, Kobayashi T, Tomiyasu H, Mizusawa N. Characterization of faecal microbiota and serum inflammatory markers in dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy or small-cell lymphoma: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19387. [PMID: 39169196 PMCID: PMC11339456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE) or small-cell lymphoma (SCL) exhibit marked differences in faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles compared with healthy dogs, as well as immune abnormalities in intestinal mucosal tissue. However, few studies have analysed trace organic acids, such as succinic acid, which have been suggested to be associated with IBD in humans. Therefore, in this study, we compared the faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles as well as serum inflammatory markers between dogs with disease (n = 11; 6 with CE and 5 with SCL) and healthy controls (n = 16). We also performed machine learning and correlation analysis to obtain more detailed insights into the characteristics of affected dogs. These results revealed that dogs with CE and SCL had lower levels of Erysipelotrichaceae (e.g. Turicibacter and Allobaculum), exhibited abnormalities in the succinic acid metabolism (i.e. succinic acid accumulation and decreased levels of Phascolarctobacterium as succinic acid-utilising bacteria) and increased levels of pathobiont bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella. Additionally, the presence of Dubosiella was significantly negatively correlated with Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index scores. These findings are expected to aid the development of microbiome-based medications and/or supplements, although further verification is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kaga
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Atsuko Hokkyo
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ogata
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Shibata
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nagahara
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Belà B, Crisi PE, Pignataro G, Fusaro I, Gramenzi A. Effects of a Nutraceutical Treatment on the Intestinal Microbiota of Sled Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2226. [PMID: 39123751 PMCID: PMC11310959 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dog sledding is the main discipline of working dogs on snow, consisting of a team of dogs pulling a sled under the guidance of the owner. To carry out this sport, dogs must have adequate nutrition and vitamin and antioxidant supplementation to ensure that the physical effort is optimal. The present study evaluated the effect that sporting activity and stress have on the canine intestinal microbiota by dividing the dogs into two groups: a control group that did not take any nutraceutical products and the treated group to which a nutraceutical product was administered. The nutraceutical administered in this study is used in all cases of canine intestinal dysbiosis in which it is essential to quickly restore a balanced intestinal microbiota. The results obtained show that in dogs not taking the nutraceutical, there is an increase in bacteria, such as Streptococcus spp. and E. coli, considered enteropathogenic to the detriment of beneficial bacterial species such as Faecalibacterium spp., Turicibacter spp., Blautia spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Clostridium hiranonis. Instead, the group of dogs treated with nutraceutical displays a lower amount of enteropathogenic bacteria and a great increase in the other bacterial species considered beneficial for the animal's health. The results obtained in the present study show that Microbiotal cane® can be used in dogs subject to intense sporting activity by preventing severe alterations at intestinal ecosystem levels by maintaining intestinal bacterial composition as balanced as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Belà
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (G.P.); (I.F.); (A.G.)
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Wang F, Gao S, Peng Q, Tan L, Chen S, Xia Z. Effects of Heat-Treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 Combined with Fibersol-2 on the Intestinal Health of Cats Submitted to an Abrupt Dietary Change: A Randomized Controlled Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2179. [PMID: 39123705 PMCID: PMC11311022 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abrupt dietary change can disrupt the intestinal balance in felines. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 on the intestinal health of adult cats before and after dietary change. We selected 24 British shorthair cats, dividing them into two groups. From day 1 to day 14, the control group received a lower protein (33%) concentration (LPF) diet, while the treated group received the same LPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives, consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2. Subsequently, from day 15 to day 28, the control group transitioned to a higher protein (40%) concentration (HPF) diet, while the treated group received the same HPF diet supplemented with 0.16% functional additives. Blood and fresh feces were collected on day 0, 14, 17, 21, and 28 of the experiment. The results suggest that the use of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 may improve gastrointestinal function in cats by reducing serum LPS levels and fecal pH, while increasing fecal sIgA levels. In addition, the functional additive regulates the fecal microbiota and its function, promoting intestinal homeostasis and colonization with beneficial bacteria such as Blautia. Furthermore, on day 28, there was a significant difference in fecal microbiota beta diversity between the two groups. In summary, the addition of heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7384 combined with Fibersol-2 contributes to improving the intestinal health of adult cats affected by abrupt dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Siyuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Qianqian Peng
- ADM (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China; (Q.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Lili Tan
- ADM (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China; (Q.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.W.); (S.G.)
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Nascimento D, Azevedo P, Carreira LM. Insights into Atresia Ani Type IV in Felis catus: Preliminary Epidemiolocal Findings Associated with Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1738. [PMID: 38929357 PMCID: PMC11200850 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly in companion animals affecting rectal and anal development. Its incidence in cats remains unreported. This retrospective study aimed to characterize age, body condition, fistula size, and perioperative outcomes in Type IV Atresia Ani (with recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment. Conducted over 2 years, the study included nine female cats diagnosed with Type IV Atresia Ani and recto-vaginal fistula undergoing surgery. Statistical analysis used the R program (version 4.2.1) with Rstudio®® extension. Significant results were observed at a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. The condition had an incidence of 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated over a 2-year period. The findings suggest that a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm correlated with better surgical outcomes, reducing the likelihood of fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development, and enhancing defecation awareness during the perioperative period. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors' knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Nascimento
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
| | - Pedro Azevedo
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
| | - L. Miguel Carreira
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa) Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Maggi G, Chiaradia E, Vullo A, Seccaroni M, Valli L, Busechian S, Caivano D, Porciello F, Caloiero S, Marchesi MC. Serum D-Lactate Concentrations in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1704. [PMID: 38891751 PMCID: PMC11171325 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The D-enantiomer of lactic acid (D-lactate) is normally produced from bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract in mammals. In humans, increased D-lactate concentrations are related to gastrointestinal disease, including short bowel syndrome and malabsorptive syndrome. Similarly, increased D-lactate concentrations have been described in calves affected by diarrhea, in cats with gastrointestinal diseases, and in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. The purpose of the present study was to measure the serum D-lactate concentrations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We retrospectively reviewed data from the database of the VTH of Perugia University, and dogs affected by IBD with serum samples stored at -80 °C were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 18 dogs with IBD and 10 healthy dogs were included in the study. The dogs with IBD were divided into three subcategories based on the severity of the disease. Serum D-lactate concentrations (μM) were determined using a commercially available colorimetric assay kit (D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit; Catalog #K667-100, BioVision Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA). Our results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the serum concentrations of D-lactate between dogs with various degrees of IBD and healthy dogs. However, the wide variability of the D-lactate concentrations in dogs with IBD and evidence of increased serum D-lactate concentrations in dogs with confirmed dysbiosis encourage further studies on this topic to understand potential factors influencing the serum D-lactate concentrations in dogs affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maggi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Alice Vullo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Matteo Seccaroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Sara Busechian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Domenico Caivano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Sabrina Caloiero
- Kennel Training Course Castiglione del Lago of Financial Guard, Via Lungolago 46, 06061 Castiglione del Lago, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Marchesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
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Ndung'u JK, Nguta JM, Mapenay IM, Moriasi GA. A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman from Africa. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8862996. [PMID: 38654751 PMCID: PMC11039028 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8862996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Prunus africana, a widely utilized medicinal plant in various African ethnic communities, continues to hold significant importance in traditional healing practices. Research has identified phytochemical compounds in this plant, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities that offer potential for pharmaceutical development. Notably, P. africana is employed in treating various ailments such as wounds, diabetes mellitus, malaria, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chest pain, and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological properties are attributed to a spectrum of bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Multiple studies have documented the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiandrogenic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antidipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, analgesic, and astringent properties of P. africana extracts. This review offers a comprehensive compilation of ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicity assessments of P. africana, serving as a foundation for future preclinical and clinical investigations. By understanding its traditional uses and chemical constituents, researchers can target specific medical conditions with greater precision, potentially expediting the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Moreover, toxicity assessments provide crucial insights into the safety profile of P. africana extracts, ensuring the development of safe pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Ndung'u
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Nakuru Campus Kenya, P.O. Box 110, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Joseph M. Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Mapenay
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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Yu SY, Oh BS, Ryu SW, Bak JE, Heo ES, Moon JC, Jeong JH, Lee JH. Novel microbiota Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342098. [PMID: 38633706 PMCID: PMC11022602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe, non-motile, flagella-lacking, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB02718T was isolated from swine feces. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB02718T belonged to the genus Mesosutterella with the highest similarity to M. multiformis 4NBBH2T (= DSM 106860T) (sequence similarity of 96.2%), forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage. Its growth occurred at 25-45°C (optimal 37°C) and in 0.5-1% NaCl (optimal 0.5%). Strain AGMB02718T was asaccharolytic and contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and methylmenaquinone 6 (MMK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinones. The major cellular fatty acids in the isolate were C18:1ω9c and C16:0. Based on the whole-genome sequencing analysis, strain AGMB02718T had a 2,606,253 bp circular chromosome with a G + C content of 62.2%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain AGMB02718T and M. multiformis 4NBBH2T was 72.1%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 20.9%. Interestingly, genome analysis suggested that strain AGMB02718T possessed a low-toxicity lipopolysaccharide (LPS) because the genome of the isolate does not include lpxJ and lpxM genes for Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) assembly, which confers high toxicity to LPS. Moreover, in vitro macrophage stimulation assay confirmed that AGMB02718T produced LPS with low toxicity. Because the low-toxicity LPS produced by the Sutterellaceae family is involved in regulating host immunity and low-toxicity LPS-producing strains can help maintain host immune homeostasis, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of strain AGMB02718T against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a result, strain AGMB02718T was able to prevent the inflammatory response in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Therefore, this strain represents a novel species of Mesosutterella that has a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis, and the proposed name is Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. The type strain is AGMB02718T (=GDMCC 1.2717T = KCTC 25541T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Seob Oh
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Bak
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Heo
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Gani M, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Sitam FT, Kamarudin Z, Selamat SS, Awang NMZ, Karuppannan KV, Md-Zain BM. Habitat shapes the gut microbiome diversity of Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni) as revealed through metabarcoding 16S rRNA profiling. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:111. [PMID: 38416247 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome refers to the microorganism community living within the digestive tract. The environment plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome composition of animals. The gut microbiome influences the health and behavior of animals, including the critically endangered Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni). However, the gut microbiome composition of Malayan tigers, especially those living in their natural habitats, remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used next-generation sequencing DNA metabarcoding techniques to analyze the gut microbiome of wild Malayan tigers using fecal samples collected from their natural habitats and in captivity. Our aim was to determine the gut microbiota composition of the Malayan tiger, considering the different types of habitat environments. The results revealed a diverse microbial community within the gut microbiome of Malayan tigers. The prominent phyla that were observed included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in gut microbiome composition of Malayan tigers that inhabited oil palm plantations, in villages and protected areas. Diversity analysis also revealed significant difference in the gut microbiome between wild and captive Malayan tigers. However, the distinctions of gut microbiome between wild and captive alpha diversity did not yield significant differences. The differences in microbiome diversity resulted from the interplay of dietary intake and environmental factors. This information will facilitate the establishment of focused conservation approaches and enhance our understanding of the effect of microbiome composition on Malayan tiger health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millawati Gani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan
- Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Frankie Thomas Sitam
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Kamarudin
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), 35600, Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suzana Selamat
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), 35600, Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Zamani Awang
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), 35600, Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kayal Vizi Karuppannan
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (NWFL), Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Munir Md-Zain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Dupouy-Manescau N, Méric T, Sénécat O, Drut A, Valentin S, Leal RO, Hernandez J. Updating the Classification of Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:681. [PMID: 38473066 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) in dogs are currently classified based on response to sequential treatment trials into food-responsive (FREs); antibiotic-responsive (AREs); immunosuppressant-responsive (IREs); and non-responsive enteropathies (NREs). Recent studies have reported that a proportion of NRE dogs ultimately respond to further dietary trials and are subsequently misclassified. The FRE subset among CIEs is therefore probably underestimated. Moreover, alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function (dysbiosis) have been shown to be involved in CIE pathogenesis in recent research on dogs. Metronidazole and other antibiotics that have been used for decades for dogs with AREs have been demonstrated to result in increased antimicrobial resistance and deleterious effects on the gut microbiota. As a consequence, the clinical approach to CIEs has evolved in recent years toward the gradual abandonment of the use of antibiotics and their replacement by other treatments with the aim of restoring a diverse and functional gut microbiota. We propose here to refine the classification of canine CIEs by replacing the AREs category with a microbiota-related modulation-responsive enteropathies (MrMREs) category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Dupouy-Manescau
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Tristan Méric
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Odile Sénécat
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Amandine Drut
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Suzy Valentin
- Hopia, Bozon Veterinary Clinic, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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10
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Belà B, Di Simone D, Pignataro G, Fusaro I, Gramenzi A. Effects of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 Consumption on the Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Fecal Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Healthy Persian Cats. Vet Sci 2024; 11:61. [PMID: 38393079 PMCID: PMC10893002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the literature, there are several studies showing the effects of different probiotic administrations in dogs, while there is limited information about their effects in cats. Furthermore, there are no studies that examined the effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri on cats' welfare, especially considering a specific breed. In this study, the effects of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 on body weight, body condition score (BCS), and fecal parameters (fecal score and fecal moisture) of healthy Persian cats were assessed; additionally, a microbiological analysis was carried out to quantify bacterial species like Escherichia coli (for the total coliform count) and Lactobacilli. The administration of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 showed no alteration in the body weight and body condition score of Persian cats. The fecal moisture decreased at the end of the study and the values of fecal score were improved. Moreover, at the end of the study period, an increase in Lactobacilli (p > 0.001) was observed. The data collected report the ability of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 to improve fecal quality parameters in healthy adult Persian cats, leading to an increase in Lactobacilli and a reduction in total coliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Belà
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (I.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniele Di Simone
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (I.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (I.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gramenzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.P.); (I.F.); (A.G.)
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11
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Corbee RJ. The effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on faecal parameters in healthy dogs and cats. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105116. [PMID: 38160491 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on faecal parameters in healthy dogs and cats. To this end, 20 dogs and 20 Domestic shorthair cats were fed a commercially available adult dog food, or cat food, respectively, with either syrup containing GOS (at 1% w galacto-oligosaccharides/w formulated feed) on top (test group) or no topping (control group) for 56 days in a cross-over design. The study consisted of 2 periods of 24 days adaptation, followed by 4 days of collection of faeces. Faecal samples were tested for moisture, nitrogen, pH, macronutrients, enzymes, and fermentation products. The faecal microbiota were analysed by 16S rDNA profiling. It appeared that GOS have different effects in dogs compared to cats. In dogs, the addition of GOS resulted in increased carbohydrate fermentation (increase of acetic and butyric acid), whereas in cats GOS resulted in increased amino acid fermentation (increase of isovaleric acid). The α-diversity of the canine faecal microbiota was reduced by dietary GOS (Inverse Simpson Index, p = 0.063; Shannon index, p = 0.035) whereas the α-diversity of cat faecal microbiota was unaffected (Inverse Simpson Index, p = 0.539; Shannon index, p = 0.872). Lachnospiraceae spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. positively responded to GOS in both cats and dogs. Lactobacillus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae spp. positively responded to GOS in dogs. In both dogs and cats, GOS may therefore improve stool microbiota and result in the production of specific metabolites that are beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Chiu O, Gomez DE, Obrego D, Dunfield K, MacNicol JL, Liversidge B, Verbrugghe A. Impact of fecal sample preservation and handling techniques on the canine fecal microbiota profile. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292731. [PMID: 38285680 PMCID: PMC10824447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine fecal microbiota profiling provides insight into host health and disease. Standardization of methods for fecal sample storage for microbiomics is currently inconclusive, however. This study investigated the effects of homogenization, the preservative RNAlater, room temperature exposure duration, and short-term storage in the fridge prior to freezing on the canine fecal microbiota profile. Within 15 minutes after voiding, samples were left non-homogenized or homogenized and aliquoted, then kept at room temperature (20-22°C) for 0.5, 4, 8, or 24 hours. Homogenized aliquots then had RNAlater added or not. Following room temperature exposure, all aliquots were stored in the fridge (4°C) for 24 hours prior to storing in the freezer (-20°C), or stored directly in the freezer. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, then sequencing were completed on all samples. Alpha diversity (diversity, evenness, and richness), and beta diversity (community membership and structure), and relative abundances of bacterial genera were compared between treatments. Homogenization and RNAlater minimized changes in the microbial communities over time, although minor changes in relative abundances occurred. Non-homogenized samples had more inter-sample variability and greater changes in beta diversity than homogenized samples. Storage of canine fecal samples in the fridge for 24 h prior to storage in the freezer had little effect on the fecal microbiota profile. Our findings suggest that if immediate analysis of fecal samples is not possible, samples should at least be homogenized to preserve the existing microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chiu
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Diego E. Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dasiel Obrego
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. MacNicol
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brooklynn Liversidge
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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13
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Miller J, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Czajkowska A, Szponar B, Kumala-Ćwikła A, Chmielarz M, Łaczmański Ł. Faecal microbiota and fatty acids in feline chronic enteropathy. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:281. [PMID: 38124157 PMCID: PMC10731866 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline chronic enteropathy is a set of disorders defined as the presence of clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease for at least three weeks. The most common final diagnoses are inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary small cell lymphoma. The etiopathogenesis of these diseases is incompletely understood; however, it is hypothesised that they involve a combination of factors, including altered composition and/or functionality of the intestinal microbiome. An important factor in the interplay of the microbiome and host is the production of short- and branched-chain fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible differences in faecal microbiota diversity, composition and fatty acid production between cats suffering from chronic enteropathy and healthy cats. Sixteen cats suffering from chronic enteropathy and fourteen healthy control cats were enrolled in the study. The microbiota compositions of faecal samples were analysed by using next-generation amplicon sequencing of the V3V4 fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Fatty acids were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Both the alpha and beta diversities were significantly lower in samples obtained from cats with chronic enteropathy. The relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, orders Lactobacillales and Enterobacterales, family Enteriobacteriaceae and genus Escherichia Shigella were higher in diseased cats, whereas the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota and order Peptococcales were higher in control cats. The faecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were higher in cats with chronic enteropathy, with lower propionate proportions and higher butyrate proportions. CONCLUSION The study revealed alterations in microbiota compositions and short-chain fatty acid concentration in cats suffering from chronic enteropathy, which is an important finding both for research on the pathogenesis of the disease and for potential therapeutic interventions in the form of faecal microbiota transplantation and/or probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Miller
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czajkowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kumala-Ćwikła
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang M, Mo R, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang G, Wu Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidin improves intestinal inflammation in canine through regulating gut microbiota and bile acid compositions. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23285. [PMID: 37933950 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300819rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Although certain progress has been made in treating canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a large proportion of dogs have a poor prognosis and may develop resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent or alleviate canine IBD through nutritional intervention. Plant polyphenol can interact with intestinal bacteria and has important prospects in the intestinal health improvement. This study evaluated the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP), a plant-derived natural polyphenol, on Labrador Retrievers with mild IBD. In Experiment 1 of this study, GSP alleviated persistent intestinal inflammation in canines by improving inflammatory indexes and reducing intestinal permeability. Moreover, GSP treatment increased the abundance of bacteria with potential anti-inflammatory properties and engaging bile acid metabolism, including Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus_torques_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Notably, targeted metabolomic analysis identified elevated productions of fecal chenodeoxycholic acid and its microbial transformation product lithocholic acid, which might contribute to relieving canine intestinal inflammation. Further, in Experiment 2, fecal microbiota transplantation was used to determine whether gut microbiota is a potential mechanism for GSP efficacy. Dogs with mild IBD received the fecal microbiota from the group administered GSP and mirrored the improvement effects of GSP, which results verified that gut microbial alteration could be an underlying mechanism for GSP efficiency on canine IBD. Our findings highlight that the mechanism of the GSP function on canine IBD is mediated by altering gut microbial composition and improving bile acid metabolism. This study proposes a natural polyphenol-based dietary strategy for improving canine intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Clough J, Schwab S, Mikac K. Gut Microbiome Profiling of the Endangered Southern Greater Glider ( Petauroides volans) after the 2019-2020 Australian Megafire. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3583. [PMID: 38003202 PMCID: PMC10668662 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the gut microbiome can provide valuable insights into animal health and inform the conservation management of threatened wildlife. Gut microbiota play important roles in regulating mammalian host physiology, including digestion, energy metabolism and immunity. Dysbiosis can impair such physiological processes and compromise host health, so it is essential that the gut microbiome be considered in conservation planning. The southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) is an endangered arboreal marsupial that faced widespread habitat fragmentation and population declines following the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season. This study details baseline data on the gut microbiome of this species. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified from scats collected from individuals inhabiting burnt and unburnt sites across southeastern Australia and sequenced to determine bacterial community composition. Southern greater glider gut microbiomes were characterised by high relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, which is consistent with that reported for other marsupial herbivores. Significant differences in gut microbial diversity and community structure were detected among individuals from different geographic locations. Certain microbiota and functional orthologues were also found to be significantly differentially abundant between locations. The role of wildfire in shaping southern greater glider gut microbiomes was shown, with some significant differences in the diversity and abundance of microbiota detected between burnt and unburnt sites. Overall, this study details the first data on greater glider (Petauroides) gut microbiomes, laying the foundation for future studies to further explore relationships between microbial community structure, environmental stressors and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn Clough
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Sibylle Schwab
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Katarina Mikac
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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16
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Habermaass V, Olivero D, Gori E, Mariti C, Longhi E, Marchetti V. Intestinal Microbiome in Dogs with Chronic Hepatobiliary Disease: Can We Talk about the Gut-Liver Axis? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3174. [PMID: 37893898 PMCID: PMC10603696 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis represents a current topic in human medicine. Extensive research investigates the gut microbiome (GM) modifications in relation to various kinds of chronic hepatobiliary diseases (CHD), with many mechanisms and therapeutical implications recognized. Those aspects in veterinary medicine are still quite unexplored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate GM in dogs diagnosed with CD. Comparison among CHD dogs were made considering some clinical and biochemical variables (lipemia and alanine-aminotransferase activities), presence of cholestasis or endocrine disorders, diet). Sixty-five dogs were prospectively enrolled with clinical and hematobiochemical evaluation and 16S-RNA GM sequencing assessed. Dogs that received antibiotics and/or pre/pro/symbiotics administration were excluded. Deeper GM alteration was observed between dogs with or without ultrasonographic and biochemical cholestatic CHD. Cholestasis was associated with a decrease in several bacterial taxa, including Clostridium hiranonis, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Ruminococcus faecis, Turicibacter, and higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella and Serratia. Thus, the alteration in bile flow and composition, typical of cholestasis, may directly affect the local intestinal microbial environment. For the management of dogs with CHD and especially cholestatic CHD, clinicians should be aware that gut-liver interaction may lead to dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Habermaass
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.H.); (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Daniela Olivero
- Analysis Lab BSA Scilvet, Via A. D’Aosta 7, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.H.); (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Chiara Mariti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.H.); (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Erika Longhi
- Analysis Lab Labospace, Via Apelle 41, 20128 Milan, Italy;
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.H.); (E.G.); (V.M.)
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17
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Comito R, Porru E, Interino N, Conti M, Terragni R, Gotti R, Candela M, Simoni P, Roda A, Fiori J. Metabolic Bile Acid Profile Impairments in Dogs Affected by Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy. Metabolites 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37755260 PMCID: PMC10535270 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), endogenous acidic steroids synthetized from cholesterol in the liver, play a key role in the gut-liver axis physiopathology, including in hepatotoxicity, intestinal inflammatory processes, and cholesterol homeostasis. Faecal Oxo-BAs, relatively stable intermediates of oxidation/epimerization reactions of the BA hydroxyls, could be relevant to investigating the crosstalk in the liver-gut axis and the relationship between diseases and alterations in microbiota composition. A paucity of information currently exists on faecal BA profiles in dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE). Comprehensive assessment of 31 molecules among faecal BAs and related microbiota metabolites was conducted with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Odds ratios (ORs) for associations of BAs with CIE were estimated using logistic regression. Principal component analysis was performed to find differences between the control and pathological dogs. Higher levels of primary BAs and muricholic acids, and lower levels of secondary BAs were found in pathological dogs. Higher concentrations in faecal oxo-metabolites were associated with the absence of CIE (OR < 1). This study shows a marked difference in faecal BA profiles between dogs with and without CIE. Further research will be needed to better understand the role of oxo-BAs and muricholic acids in CIE dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Comito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.C.); (E.P.); (P.S.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.C.); (E.P.); (P.S.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicolò Interino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Conti
- Department of Public Health, Local Unit of Imola, Health Service of the Emilia-Romagna Region, 40026 Imola, Italy;
| | - Rossella Terragni
- Veterinary Clinic dell’Orologio/Veterinary Oncology Center, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Patrizia Simoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.C.); (E.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Aldo Roda
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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18
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Carapeto S, Cunha E, Serrano I, Pascoal P, Pereira M, Abreu R, Neto S, Antunes B, Dias R, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Effect of the Administration of a Lyophilised Faecal Capsules on the Intestinal Microbiome of Dogs: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1676. [PMID: 37761817 PMCID: PMC10530739 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is a promising strategy for modulating the gut microbiome. We aimed to assess the effect of the oral administration of capsules containing lyophilised faeces on dogs with diarrhoea for 2 months as well as evaluate their long-term influence on animals' faecal consistency and intestinal microbiome. This pilot study included five dogs: two used as controls and three with diarrhoea. Animals were evaluated for four months by performing a monthly faecal samples collection and physical examination, which included faecal consistency determination using the Bristol scale. The total number of viable bacteria present in the capsules was quantified and their bacterial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which was also applied to the faecal samples. During the assay, no side effects were reported. Animals' faecal consistency improved and, after ending capsules administration, Bristol scale values remained stable in two of the three animals. The animals' microbiome gradually changed toward a composition associated with a balanced microbiota. After FMT, a slight shift was observed in its composition, but the capsules' influence remained evident during the 4-month period. Capsules administration seems to have a positive effect on the microbiota modulation; however, studies with more animals should be performed to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carapeto
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pascoal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (R.D.)
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (R.D.)
| | - Raquel Abreu
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Neto
- Canil Municipal de Peniche, Câmara Municipal de Peniche, Rua Doutor Ernesto Moreira G, 2520-428 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Antunes
- Canil Municipal de Peniche, Câmara Municipal de Peniche, Rua Doutor Ernesto Moreira G, 2520-428 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (R.D.)
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (Al4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Bai H, Liu T, Wang S, Gong W, Shen L, Zhang S, Wang Z. Identification of Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Cats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0059023. [PMID: 37428087 PMCID: PMC10434016 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00590-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in diet and environment can lead to acute diarrhea in companion animals, but the composition and interactions of the gut microbiome during acute diarrhea remain unclear. In this multicenter case-control study, we investigated the relationship between intestinal flora and acute diarrhea in two breeds of cats. Acutely diarrheic American Shorthair (MD, n = 12) and British Shorthair (BD, n = 12) and healthy American Shorthair (MH, n = 12) and British Shorthair (BH, n = 12) cats were recruited. Gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and untargeted metabolomic analysis were performed. We observed significant differences in beta-diversity (Adonis, P < 0.05) across breeds and disease state cohorts. Profound differences in gut microbial structure and function were found between the two cat breeds. In comparison to healthy British Shorthair cats, Prevotella, Providencia, and Sutterella were enriched while Blautia, Peptoclostridium, and Tyzzerella were reduced in American Shorthair cats. In the case-control cohort, cats with acute diarrhea exhibited an increased abundance of Bacteroidota, Prevotella, and Prevotella copri and a decreased abundance of Bacilli, Erysipelotrichales, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (both MD and BD cats, P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis identified significant changes in the BD intestine, affecting 45 metabolic pathways. Moreover, using a random forest classifier, we successfully predicted the occurrence of acute diarrhea with an area under the curve of 0.95. Our findings indicate a distinct gut microbiome profile that is associated with the presence of acute diarrhea in cats. However, further investigations using larger cohorts of cats with diverse conditions are required to validate and extend these findings. IMPORTANCE Acute diarrhea is common in cats, and our understanding of the gut microbiome variations across breeds and disease states remains unclear. We investigated the gut microbiome of two cat breeds (British Shorthair and American Shorthair) with acute diarrhea. Our study revealed significant effects of breeds and disease states on the structure and function of the gut microbiota in cats. These findings emphasize the need to consider breed-related factors in animal nutrition and research models. Additionally, we observed an altered gut metabolome in cats with acute diarrhea, closely linked to changes in bacterial genera. We identified a panel of microbial biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for feline acute diarrhea. These findings provide novel insights into the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of feline gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Bai
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Songjun Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Liya Shen
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
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20
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AKIYOSHI M, HISASUE M, NEO S, AKIYOSHI M. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration in cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:867-875. [PMID: 37357392 PMCID: PMC10466063 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of feline gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma has recently increased. Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels are elevated in feline lymphoma. However, no reports have evaluated SAA concentrations and outcomes in feline GI lymphoma. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of SAA and other factors in feline GI lymphoma to assess the outcomes with potential differences. The study included 39 client-owned cats diagnosed with GI lymphoma, which were divided into two groups: high- and low-grade lymphomas. Changes in SAA concentration, complete blood count (CBC), and biochemical profiles were analyzed at the time of initial presentation as well as on days 1, 28, and 56. Differences between the two groups were investigated. High-grade lymphoma was observed in 17 cats, whereas 22 cats showed low-grade lymphoma. SAA concentrations on the day of initial presentation were significantly higher in low-grade lymphoma than those in high-grade lymphoma (median, 12.4 µg/mL; range, 4.8-46.5 µg/mL vs. 3.8 µg/mL; 3.8-13.7 µg/mL; P=0.011). Elevated SAA concentration on day 56 in high-grade GI lymphoma was a poor prognostic factor. (Hazard Ratio=1.012, per 1 µg/mL increase; 95% confidence interval; 1.004-1.020, P=0.002). The SAA concentration on the day of initial presentation did not serve as a suitable prognostic factor and did not depend on the grade or stage of the lymphoma. However, continuous SAA concentration measurement may be useful for predicting the outcome of feline GI lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto AKIYOSHI
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Azabu
University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Akiyoshi Animal Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu HISASUE
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Azabu
University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakurako NEO
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, Azabu University,
Kanagawa, Japan
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21
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Werner M, Ishii PE, Pilla R, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Busch-Hahn K, Unterer S, Suchodolski JS. Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in Canine Feces and Its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2441. [PMID: 37570250 PMCID: PMC10417777 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Clostridioides (C.) difficile as an enteropathogen in dogs is controversial. In humans, intestinal bile acid-dysmetabolism is associated with C. difficile prevalence. The relationship between fecal qPCR-based dysbiosis index (DI) and especially the abundance of bile acid-converting Clostridium hiranonis with the presence of C. difficile in dogs was explored across the following 4 cohorts: 358 fecal samples submitted for routine diagnostic work-up, 33 dogs with chronic enteropathy, 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, and 116 healthy dogs. Dogs that tested positive for C. difficile had significantly higher DI (median, 4.4 (range from 0.4 to 8.6)) and lower C. hiranonis (median, 0.1 (range from 0.0 to 7.5) logDNA/g) than dogs that tested negative for C. difficile (median DI, -1 (range from -7.2 to 8.9); median C. hiranonis abundance, 6.2 (range from 0.1 to 7.5) logDNA/g; p < 0.0001, respectively). In 33 dogs with CE and 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, the treatment response did not differ between C. difficile-positive and -negative dogs. In the group of clinically healthy dogs, 9/116 tested positive for C. difficile, and 6/9 of these had also an abnormal DI. In conclusion, C. difficile is strongly linked to intestinal dysbiosis and lower C. hiranonis levels in dogs, but its presence does not necessitate targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Eri Ishii
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Kathrin Busch-Hahn
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
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22
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Kathrani A, Theelen B, Bond R. Isolation of Malassezia yeasts from dogs with gastrointestinal disease undergoing duodenal endoscopy. J Small Anim Pract 2023. [PMID: 37681754 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To culture Malassezia and other fungi from the duodenum of dogs with gastrointestinal signs undergoing routine endoscopic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative microbial culture was performed on duodenal juice aspirated from dogs with suspected enteropathy during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (30, 32 and 37°C) and modified Dixon agar (32°C) for 14 days. Isolates were identified phenotypically and by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Yeast presence was also evaluated by cytological and histopathological examination of smears and biopsy specimens. RESULTS Forty-five dogs were recruited with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=38), granulomatous colitis (n=2), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=2), duodenal small cell lymphoma (n=1) and idiopathic severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n=2). Fungi were cultured from 14 dogs: Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from eight [chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=7) (along with Candida albicans n=1); granulomatous colitis (n=1)] and Malassezia sympodialis from another (gastric adenocarcinoma). Five dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy yielded other yeasts (C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Kazachstania slooffiae, Kazachstania telluris, Pichia kudriavzevii [syn. C. krusei]). Yeasts were never observed in histopathological specimens. Fluorescent microscopical examination of cytological specimens showed yeast in only one case, from which K. slooffiae was subsequently isolated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on a literature search, this is the first report of isolation of M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, K. slooffiae and K. telluris from the canine duodenum. Further studies are needed to determine whether these are resident or transient fungi in the canine duodenum and whether their presence has a pathogenic effect on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kathrani
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - B Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Bond
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
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23
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Bastos TS, Souza CMM, Kaelle GCB, do Nascimento MQ, de Oliveira SG, Félix AP. Diet supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae from different fermentation media modulates the faecal microbiota and the intestinal fermentative products in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023. [PMID: 37129233 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME), diet palatability, faecal fermentative products and microbiota of dogs fed yeasts from different fermentation media and its fractions. Four diets were evaluated: control, without yeast (CO); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast (BY); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast + corn yeast (BCY); and diet with 10 g/kg BCY + cell wall fractions (BCYF). Twelve adult dogs were distributed in a randomized block design (periods). Each of the four diets was fed to a group of three dogs per period of 20 days, totalling two periods and six repetitions per treatment. Sixteen adult dogs were used for the palatability test, which compared the CO diet versus each one of the yeast diets. Data with normal distribution were subjected to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Means were compared by orthogonal contrasts (p < 0.05): (A) CO diet versus BY, BCY and BCYF diets; (B) BY diet versus BCY and BCYF diets; (C) BCY diet versus BCYF diet. There was no difference in the CTTAD and ME of the diets (p > 0.05). Yeast diets reduced faecal odour and indole peak area (p < 0.05). Faecal short-chain fatty acids concentration was greater in dogs fed yeast diets compared to those fed the CO (p < 0.05). Yeast diets showed a higher intake ratio compared to the CO (p < 0.05). The BCY and BCYF diets resulted in a greater abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium in relation to the CO (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that dietary yeast supplementation results in beneficial changes in intestinal functionality indicators, mainly with the combination of yeasts from brewers and corn fermentation media. In addition, yeast supplementation improves diet palatability without compromising nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Silvino Bastos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ananda Portella Félix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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24
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Arnold CE, Pilla R. What Is the Microbiota and What Is Its Role in Colic? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00016-0. [PMID: 37121786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fecal microbiome of the horse is reflective of the large colon and plays an important role in the health of the horse. The microbes of the gastrointestinal tract digest fiber and produce energy for the host. Healthy horses have Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucromicrobia as the most common phyla. During gastrointestinal disease such as colic or colitis, the microbiome shows less diversity and changes in bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Arnold
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, 7671 Evans Street, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA.
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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25
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Toresson L, Suchodolski JS, Spillmann T, Lopes BC, Shih J, Steiner JM, Pilla R. The Intestinal Microbiome in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies and Cobalamin Deficiency or Normocobalaminemia-A Comparative Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081378. [PMID: 37106941 PMCID: PMC10135184 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin deficiency is a common sequela of chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. Studies comparing the intestinal microbiome of CE dogs with cobalamin deficiency to those that are normocobalaminemic are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to describe the fecal microbiome in a prospective, comparative study evaluating 29 dogs with CE and cobalamin deficiency, 18 dogs with CE and normocobalaminemia, and 10 healthy control dogs. Dogs with cobalamin deficiency were also analyzed after oral or parenteral cobalamin supplementation. Overall microbiome composition (beta diversity) at baseline was significantly different in CE dogs with cobalamin deficiency when compared to those with normocobalaminemia (p = 0.001, R = 0.257) and to healthy controls (p = 0.001, R = 0.363). Abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased (q = 0.010 and 0.049), while those of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were significantly decreased (q = 0.002 and 0.014) in CE dogs with cobalamin deficiency when compared to healthy controls. Overall microbiome composition in follow-up samples remained significantly different after 3 months in both dogs receiving parenteral (R = 0.420, p = 0.013) or oral cobalamin supplementation (R = 0.251, p = 0.007). Because cobalamin supplementation, in combination with appropriate therapy, failed to restore the microbiome composition in the dogs in our study, cobalamin is unlikely to be the cause of those microbiome changes but rather an indicator of differences in underlying pathophysiology that do not influence clinical severity but result in a significant aggravation of dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Toresson
- Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital Helsingborg, 254 66 Helsingborg, Sweden
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Thomas Spillmann
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruna C Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Johnathan Shih
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
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26
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Sinkko H, Lehtimäki J, Lohi H, Ruokolainen L, Hielm-Björkman A. Distinct healthy and atopic canine gut microbiota is influenced by diet and antibiotics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221104. [PMID: 37122947 PMCID: PMC10130713 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rising trend in non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases coincides with changes in Western lifestyle. While changes in the human microbiota may play a central role in the development of chronic diseases, estimating the contribution of associated lifestyle factors remains challenging. We studied the influence of lifestyle-diet, antibiotic use, and residential environment with housing and family-on the gut microbiota of healthy and owner-reported atopic pet dogs, searching for associations between the lifestyle factors, atopy and microbiota. The results showed that atopic and healthy dogs had contrasting gut microbial composition. The gut microbiota also differed between two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Finnish Lapphund, selected for our study. Among all lifestyle factors studied, diet was most significantly associated with gut microbiota but only weakly with atopic symptoms. Thus, diet- and atopy-associated changes in the microbiota were not interrelated. Instead, the severity of symptoms was positively associated with the usage of antibiotics, which in turn was associated with the microbiota composition. Urban lifestyle was significantly associated with the increased prevalence of allergies but not with the gut microbiota. Our results from pet dogs supported previous evidence from humans, demonstrating that antibiotics, gut microbiota and atopic manifestation are interrelated. This congruence suggests that canine atopy might be a promising model for understanding the aetiology of human allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sinkko
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research (HUMI), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtimäki
- Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Doulidis PG, Galler AI, Hausmann B, Berry D, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Burgener IA. Gut microbiome signatures of Yorkshire Terrier enteropathy during disease and remission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4337. [PMID: 36927871 PMCID: PMC10018597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in humans and dogs has received attention in recent years. Evidence suggests that IBD is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition, but further research is needed in veterinary medicine. The impact of IBD treatment on the gut microbiome needs to be better understood, especially in a breed-specific form of IBD in Yorkshire Terriers known as Yorkshire Terrier Enteropathy (YTE). This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiome composition between YTE dogs during disease and remission and healthy Yorkshire Terriers. Our results showed a significant increase in specific taxa such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus, and a decrease in Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Phascolarctobacterium in YTE dogs compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was found between the microbiome of dogs in remission and those with active disease, suggesting that the gut microbiome is affected beyond clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos G Doulidis
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra I Galler
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Liu S, Loo YT, Li Z, Ng K. Alginate-inulin-chitosan based microspheres alter metabolic fate of encapsulated quercetin, promote short chain fatty acid production, and modulate pig gut microbiota. Food Chem 2023; 418:135802. [PMID: 36965386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin loaded alginate microspheres, fabricated with the inclusion of inulin as a prebiotic source and chitosan as protective coating (ALINCH-Q), were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation using pig fecal microbiota, with empty microspheres ALINCH-E, unencapsulated quercetin UQ and media only Blank as parallel studies. ALINCH-Q altered quercetin biotransformation towards higher production of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and further metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid compared to UQ. In addition, ALINCH-Q but not ALINCH-E or UQ significantly promoted SCFAs production compared to Blank. Furthermore, the ALINCH-Q microspheres altered the microbial compositions, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Eubacterium, and Clostridium, while decreased that of the potentially pathogenic Enterococcus. The results suggest an interplay between the dietary fiber matrix and quercetin in producing these effects, and that ALINCH-Q could serve as a potential targeted delivery vehicle for quercetin to exert beneficial biological effects in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhenzhao Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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29
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Zornow KA, Slovak JE, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231164273. [PMID: 36995216 PMCID: PMC10812014 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231164273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE) with healthy control cats. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Forty-nine cats that had gastrointestinal signs for >3 weeks and a complete diagnostic work-up, including bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound and upper and/or lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, were enrolled into the CE group. Nineteen cats from the CE group were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and 30 with alimentary lymphoma (LSA), based on histopathology results and additional testing with immunohistochemistry or molecular clonality testing with PCR if indicated. Nineteen apparently healthy control cats were included in the study. One fecal sample was collected from each cat and S100A12 concentrations were quantified by an analytically validated in-house ELISA. RESULTS Fecal S100A12 concentrations differed between cats with LSA (median 110 ng/g; interquartile range [IQR] 18-548) and control cats (median 4 ng/g; IQR 2-25 [P <0.001]) and between cats with IBD (median 34 ng/g; IQR 15-973) and control cats (P <0.003). S100A12 concentrations in CE cats (median 94 ng/g; IQR 16-548) were statistically significantly higher compared with control cats (P <0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to separate healthy cats from CE cats was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.92) and was statistically significant (P <0.001). The AUROC to separate cats with IBD from cats with LSA was 0.51 (95% CI 0.34-0.68) and was not statistically significant (P = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Fecal S100A12 concentrations at the time of diagnostic investigation were higher in cats with CIE and LSA than in healthy controls but did not differ between cats with LSA and those with CIE/IBD. This study is an initial step toward evaluating a novel non-invasive marker of feline CIE. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic utility of fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with CE, including comparing cats with IBD/CIE and LSA, and to compare them with cats with extra-gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailee A Zornow
- Internal Medicine Department, Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer E Slovak
- Internal Medicine Department, Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Csukovich G, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Gotic I, Freund P, Hahn R, Himmler G, Brandt S, Burgener IA. Neutralising Effects of Different Antibodies on Clostridioides difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB in a Translational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043867. [PMID: 36835278 PMCID: PMC9962434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of intestinal disease in humans and animals, there is a strong need for clinically relevant models recapitulating gastrointestinal systems, ideally replacing in vivo models in accordance with the principles of the 3R. We established a canine organoid system and analysed the neutralising effects of recombinant versus natural antibodies on Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B in this in vitro system. Sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assays in 2D and FITC-dextran barrier integrity assays on basal-out and apical-out organoids revealed that recombinant, but not natural antibodies, effectively neutralised C. difficile toxins. Our findings emphasise that canine intestinal organoids can be used to test different components and suggest that they can be further refined to also mirror complex interactions between the intestinal epithelium and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Csukovich
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kramer
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patricia Freund
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Stavroulaki EM, Suchodolski JS, Xenoulis PG. Effects of antimicrobials on the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats. Vet J 2023; 291:105929. [PMID: 36427604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among several environmental factors, exposure to antimicrobials has been in the spotlight as a cause of profound and long-term disturbance of the intestinal microbiota. Antimicrobial-induced dysbiosis is a general term and includes decreases in microbial richness and diversity, loss of beneficial bacterial groups, blooms of intestinal pathogens and alterations in the metabolic functions and end-products of the microbiota. Mounting evidence from human and experimental animal studies suggest an association between antimicrobial-induced dysbiosis and susceptibility to gastrointestinal, metabolic, endocrine, immune and neuropsychiatric diseases. These associations are commonly stronger after early life exposure to antimicrobials, a period during which maturation of the microbiota and immune system take place in parallel. In addition, these associations commonly become stronger as the number of antimicrobial courses increases. The repeatability of these findings among different studies as well as the presence of a dose-dependent relationship between antimicrobial exposure and disease development collectively require careful consideration of the need for antimicrobial use. There are limited studies are available in dogs and cats regarding the long-term effects of antimicrobials on the microbiota and subsequent susceptibility to diseases. This review discusses the effects of antimicrobials on the gastrointestinal microbiota and the most important associations between antimicrobial-induced dysbiosis and diseases in humans, dogs, and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia M Stavroulaki
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43131, Greece.
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77845, TX, USA
| | - Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43131, Greece; Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77845, TX, USA
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Sahoo DK, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Parker V, Rudinsky AJ, Winston JA, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ackermann M, Heilmann RM, Köller G, Yuan L, Stewart T, Morgan S, Scheunemann KR, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE. Synbiotic-IgY Therapy Modulates the Mucosal Microbiome and Inflammatory Indices in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010025. [PMID: 36669027 PMCID: PMC9867299 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CE) is a common cause of persistent gastrointestinal signs and intestinal inflammation in dogs. Since evidence links dysbiosis to mucosal inflammation, probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination (synbiotics) may reduce intestinal inflammation and ameliorate dysbiosis in affected dogs. This study's aim was to investigate the effects of the synbiotic-IgY supplement on clinical signs, inflammatory indices, and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE. Dogs with CE were enrolled in a randomized prospective trial. Twenty-four client-owned dogs were fed a hydrolyzed diet and administered supplement or placebo (diet) for 6 weeks. Dogs were evaluated at diagnosis and 2- and 6-week post-treatment. Outcome measures included clinical activity, endoscopic and histologic scores, inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein), and composition of the mucosal microbiota via FISH. Eleven supplement- and nine placebo-treated dogs completed the trial. After 6 weeks of therapy, clinical activity and endoscopic scores decreased in both groups. Compared to placebo-treated dogs, dogs administered supplement showed decreased calprotectin at 2-week post-treatment, decreased CRP at 2- and 6-week post-treatment increased mucosal Clostridia and Bacteroides and decreased Enterobacteriaceae in colonic biopsies at trial completion. Results suggest a beneficial effect of diet and supplements on host responses and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Valerie Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam Joseph Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- National Animal Disease Center USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Gabor Köller
- Department for Large Animals, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tracey Stewart
- Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shannon Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Scheunemann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
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The Nexus of Diet, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121176. [PMID: 36557214 PMCID: PMC9782517 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. They refer to complex and debilitating conditions of dogs' gastrointestinal tract. Although little evidence for causal inferences is currently available, it is believed that IBD pathophysiology entails intricate interactions between environmental factors, the intestinal immune system, and the microbial communities that colonize the gut. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, leveraging factors associated with the development of these diseases is imperative. Of these factors, emerging evidence supports the role of dietary patterns as key players influencing the composition and function of gut microbes, with subsequent effects on health and disease. In this review, we particularly focus on addressing IBD in dogs and discuss how specific nutrients may elicit or relieve gut inflammation. Gaining mechanistic insights into such interplay and the underpinning mechanisms is key to inferring dietary recommendations, and setting up new and promising therapeutics.
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Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923013. [PMID: 36213409 PMCID: PMC9534534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Jergens
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
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Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA. The World of Organoids: Gastrointestinal Disease Modelling in the Age of 3R and One Health with Specific Relevance to Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182461. [PMID: 36139322 PMCID: PMC9495014 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One Health describes the importance of considering humans, animals, and the environment in health research. One Health and the 3R concept, i.e., the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal experimentation, shape today’s research more and more. The development of organoids from many different organs and animals led to the development of highly sophisticated model systems trying to replace animal experiments. Organoids may be used for disease modelling in various ways elucidating the manifold host–pathogen interactions. This review provides an overview of disease modelling approaches using organoids of different kinds with a special focus on animal organoids and gastrointestinal diseases. We also provide an outlook on how the research field of organoids might develop in the coming years and what opportunities organoids hold for in-depth disease modelling and therapeutic interventions.
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The Effects of Bacillus licheniformis—Fermented Products on the Microbiota and Clinical Presentation of Cats with Chronic Diarrhea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172187. [PMID: 36077904 PMCID: PMC9454741 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) are probiotics with antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties that can improve growth performance. This study aimed to compare the fecal microbiota of diarrheal cats with chronic diarrhea (n = 8) with that of healthy cats (n = 4) from the same household using next-generation sequencing, and evaluate the effectiveness of oral administration of BLFP in relieving clinical signs and altering the intestinal microbiota in diarrheal cats. Six out of eight diarrheal cats showed clinical improvement after BLFP administration for 7 days, and the stool condition of the other two was normal. A higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was noted in the feces of diarrheal cats without clinical improvement as compared with those in the healthy cats and in the diarrheal cats with clinical improvement after receiving BLFP. The phylum Bacteroidetes and class Bacteroidia decreased significantly in diarrheal cats regardless of BLFP administration. Blautia spp., Ruminococcus torques, and Ruminococcus gnavus, which belong to the Clostridium cluster XIVa and have been reported as beneficial to intestinal health, increased significantly in feces after treatment. Furthermore, Clostridium perfringens also significantly decreased in diarrheal cats after BLFP administration. Overall, BLFP could be a potential probiotic to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms and improve fecal microbiota in cats with chronic diarrhea.
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Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081093. [PMID: 36009962 PMCID: PMC9404867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
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Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Application and Possible Mechanisms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080396. [PMID: 36006314 PMCID: PMC9413255 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapeutic option for a variety of diseases, and is characterized as the transfer of fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of a diseased recipient. In human clinics, FMT has been used for treating diseases for decades, with promising results. In recent years, veterinary specialists adapted FMT in canine patients; however, compared to humans, canine FMT is more inclined towards research purposes than practical applications in most cases, due to safety concerns. Therefore, in order to facilitate the application of fecal transplant therapy in dogs, in this paper, we review recent applications of FMT in canine clinical treatments, as well as possible mechanisms that are involved in the process of the therapeutic effect of FMT. More research is needed to explore more effective and safer approaches for conducting FMT in dogs.
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Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation on Nutritional Status, Fecal Parameters, Microbiota, and Mycobiota in Breeding Adult Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080389. [PMID: 36006304 PMCID: PMC9414249 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of Saccharomyces boulardii on the nutritional, immunological, inflammatory, stress status, and the gut composition in 25 healthy adult American Staffordshire Terrier dogs. Supplementation with S. boulardii significantly improved the intestinal status and induced a reduction of stress, a common condition affecting animals managed in a breeding environment. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of Saccharomyces boulardii on the nutritional, immunological, inflammatory, and stress status and on the composition of the gut microbiota and mycobiota in healthy adult dogs. A total of 25 American Staffordshire Terrier dogs were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: control (CTR, n = 12) and treated (TRT, n = 13) groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding body weight, body condition score, and fecal score. No significant differences in microbiota/mycobiota, short chain fatty acids, indole/skatole, histamine, zonulin, or lactoferrin were detected. Indeed, supplementation with S. boulardii significantly decreased fecal calprotectin Immunoglobulin A, indicating an improvement in the gut well-being. Interestingly, fecal cortisol significantly decreased in dogs belonging to the TRT group compared to the CTR, suggesting both an improvement of the intestinal status and a reduction of stress, a common condition affecting animals managed in a breeding environment.
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Galler AI, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Sung CH, Hittmair KM, Richter B, Burgener IA. Microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolomic perturbations in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12977. [PMID: 35902689 PMCID: PMC9334271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis and perturbations of fecal metabolic profiles have been reported in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Currently the incidence of dysbiosis and the fecal metabolomic profile in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy (YTE) and the effects of treatment are unknown. This prospective observational study analyzed the dysbiosis index (DI) and fecal bile acid, sterol and fatty acid profiles in 14 Yorkshire Terriers with active YTE, 11 dogs in clinical remission, and 26 healthy Yorkshire Terriers. YTE was associated with dysbiosis and a significant increase in fatty acids (docosanoate, p = 0.002; gondoate, p = 0.026; erucate, p < 0.001; nervonate, p < 0.001; linolenate, p < 0.001), and plant sterols (campesterol, p < 0.001; brassicasterol, p = 0.024). The abundances of Fusobacterium (p < 0.001) and Cl. hiranonis (p = 0.018) and the concentrations of the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (p = 0.033) and the plant sterol sitostanol (p = 0.003) were significantly decreased compared to healthy dogs. Dysbiosis, abundances of Fusobacterium, Cl. hiranonis and fecal concentrations of bile acids and sterols did not recover after treatment, while fecal fatty acid concentrations decreased in treated dogs. YTE is associated with dysbiosis and changes in bile acid, fatty acid, and sterol metabolism. These changes only recovered partially despite clinical remission. They might be breed-specific and involved in the pathogenesis of YTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Galler
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Katharina M Hittmair
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Squire N, Lux C, Tolbert K, Lidbury J, Sun X, Suchodolski JS. Characterization of the Fecal Microbiome in Dogs Receiving Medical Management for Congenital Portosystemic Shunts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:897760. [PMID: 35968011 PMCID: PMC9366551 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.897760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The GI microbiome has not been characterized in dogs being medically managed for congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS). Objectives To characterize the fecal microbiome in a population of dogs being medically managed for CPSS. Animals 27 client-owned dogs. Methods Prospective cohort study enrollment of fecal samples was performed with follow-up data collected retrospectively. The overall fecal dysbiosis index (DI) and individual bacterial abundances were determined using real-time qPCR. Medical management, clinical findings, clinicopathologic, and outcome variables were collected, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between these variables and overall DI and bacterial abundances. Numerical variables were evaluated with general linear models for normality and equal variance using Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test, respectively. Results All dogs were administered a hepatic diet and lactulose, while antibiotics were used in 22 (81.5%) and acid suppressants in 7 (25.9%). Seventeen dogs (63.0%) had a DI >2. The median DI in this population was 3.02 (range 4.23–8.42), and the median DI in dogs receiving and not receiving antibiotics was 4.3 (range −4.23–8.42) and 1.52 (range −1.62–5.43), respectively. No significant association between any of the analyzed variables and the DI was identified. There was a significant association between the use of metronidazole and a larger abundance of E. coli (p = 0.024). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dysbiosis appears to be common in dogs that are being medically managed for CPSS, though the clinical significance remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Squire
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Cassie Lux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Cassie Lux
| | - Katie Tolbert
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
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Berberine Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis and Inhibits the Secretion of Gut Lysozyme via Promoting Autophagy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080676. [PMID: 35893243 PMCID: PMC9394306 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the primary types of inflammatory bowel disease, the occurrence of which has been increasing worldwide. Research in recent years has found that the level of lysozyme in the feces and blood of UC patients is abnormally elevated, and the bacterial product after the action of lysozyme can be used as an agonist to recognize different cell pattern receptors, thus regulating the process of intestinal inflammation. Berberine (BBR), as a clinical anti-diarrhea and anti-inflammatory drug, has been used in China for hundreds of years. In this study, results showed that BBR can significantly inhibit the expression and secretion of lysozyme in mice. Therefore, we try to investigate the mechanism behind it and elucidate the new anti-inflammatory mechanism of BBR. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an inflammatory cell model, and transcriptomic was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LPS group and the LPS + BBR treatment group. In vivo, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) was used to establish a UC mice model, and histologic section and immunofluorescence trails were used to estimate the effect of BBR on UC mice and the expression of lysozyme in Paneth cells. Research results showed that BBR can inhibit the expression and secretion of lysozyme by promoting autophagy via the AMPK/MTOR/ULK1 pathway, and BBR promotes the maturation and expression of lysosomes. Accordingly, we conclude that inhibiting the expression and secretion of intestinal lysozyme is a new anti-inflammatory mechanism of BBR.
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Fulton E, Hammond G, Marchesi F, Hernández Pérez M, Ridyard AE. Feline Emphysematous Gastritis in a Cat with Pancreatitis and Secondary Hepatic Lipidosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:207-212. [PMID: 35793486 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 7 yr old female neutered domestic shorthair was presented with a 2 mo history of lethargy and hyporexia progressing to anorexia. Initial diagnostics indicated pancreatitis with secondary hepatic lipidosis. Supportive care, including the placement of an esophageal feeding tube, was initiated. The feeding tube was removed traumatically by the cat and thus replaced. The cat acutely deteriorated while hospitalized, developing marked hypersalivation and an obtunded mentation. Radiographs were taken to confirm placement of the feeding tube in case tube dislodgement was contributing to the hypersalivation; results confirmed appropriate positioning and gastric pneumatosis. Despite intensified medical management, the patient suffered cardiopulmonary arrest 7 days after hospital admission. Post-mortem examination confirmed necrotizing gastritis with emphysema alongside segmental mucosal necrosis in the jejunum, focal pancreatic necrosis, and diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Gas in the gastric wall is a rare finding in veterinary medicine and can arise due to gastric pneumatosis or emphysematous gastritis; there are scant reports of either in feline medicine. This report documents a case of emphysematous gastritis in a cat with concurrent pancreatitis and hepatic lipidosis. The cat developed emphysematous gastritis without undergoing gastrointestinal surgery which is currently the only reported feline predis-posing factor for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fulton
- From the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Fritsch DA, Jackson MI, Wernimont SM, Feld GK, MacLeay JM, Brejda JJ, Cochrane CY, Gross KL. Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:245. [PMID: 35751094 PMCID: PMC9233311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic large bowel diarrhea is a common occurrence in pet dogs. While nutritional intervention is considered the primary therapy, the metabolic and gut microfloral effects of fiber and polyphenol-enriched therapeutic foods are poorly understood. Methods This prospective clinical study enrolled 31 adult dogs from private veterinary practices with chronic, active large bowel diarrhea. Enrolled dogs received a complete and balanced dry therapeutic food containing a proprietary fiber bundle for 56 days. Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on fecal samples at Days 1, 2, 3, 14, 28, and 56; metabolomic analysis was conducted on serum samples taken at Days 1, 2, 3, 28, and 56. Results The dietary intervention improved clinical signs and had a clear effect on the gut microfloral metabolic output of canines with chronic diarrhea, shifting gut metabolism from a predominantly proteolytic to saccharolytic fermentative state. Microbial metabolism of tryptophan to beneficial indole postbiotics and the conversion of plant-derived phenolics into bioavailable postbiotics were observed. The intervention altered the endocannabinoid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and sphingolipid profiles, suggesting a modulation in gastrointestinal inflammation. Changes in membrane phospholipid and collagen signatures were indicative of improved gut function and possible alleviation of the pathophysiology related to chronic diarrhea. Conclusions In dogs with chronic diarrhea, feeding specific dietary fibers increased gut saccharolysis and bioavailable phenolic and indole-related compounds, while suppressing putrefaction. These changes were associated with improved markers of gut inflammation and stool quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Fritsch
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.
| | - Matthew I Jackson
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Susan M Wernimont
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Geoffrey K Feld
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Dr, Morrisville, NC, USA.,Geocyte, Dublin, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Chun-Yen Cochrane
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Kathy L Gross
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
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Bottero E, Ferriani R, Benvenuti E, Ruggiero P, Astorina S, Giraldi M, Bertoldi L, Benvenuto G, Sattin E, Gianella P, Suchodolski JS. Clinical evaluation and microbiota analysis in 9 dogs with antibiotic-responsive enteropathy: A prospective comparison study. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1220-1228. [PMID: 35621056 PMCID: PMC9308422 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy (ARE) is diagnosed by excluding other causes of diarrhea and when there is a short‐term response to administration of antibiotics. Objectives To characterize the gut microbiota and clinical trend of dogs with suspected ARE and to evaluate the variation in microbiota before (T0), after 30 days (T30) of tylosin treatment, and 30 days after discontinuation of treatment (T60). A further objective was to evaluate whether changes in gut microbiota are related to relapses of diarrhea when the therapy is tapered. Animals Study sample (group A) was composed of 15 dogs with chronic diarrhea, group B was composed of 15 healthy dogs. Group A was given tylosin for 30 days. Methods A multicentric prospective study. Clinical Indexes, fecal score, and samples for microbiota analysis were collected at T0, T30, and T60 in group A and T0 and T30 in group B. The gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Qiime2 version 2020.2 was used to perform bioinformatic analyses, and Alpha‐ and Beta‐diversity were computed. Results Diarrhea recurred after T30 in 9 of 14 dogs, which were classified as affected by ARE. At T0, a difference was noted in the beta‐diversity between groups (Bray Curtis metric P = .006). A T0‐T30 difference in alpha‐diversity was noted in group A (Shannon index P = .001, Faith PD P = .007). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although tylosin influences the microbiota of dogs with ARE, we failed to find any specific characteristic in the microbiota of dogs with ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bottero
- Endovet Group, Rome, Italy.,Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferriani
- Endovet Group, Rome, Italy.,Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Astorina
- Endovet Group, Rome, Italy.,Clinica Veterinaria Città di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Domestic Environment and Gut Microbiota: Lessons from Pet Dogs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050949. [PMID: 35630391 PMCID: PMC9143008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data show the involvement of intestinal microbiota in the development and maintenance of numerous diseases. Many environmental factors influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. An animal model subjected to the same environmental constraints that will allow better characterization of the microbiota–host dialogue is awaited. The domestic dog has physiological, dietary and pathological characteristics similar to those of humans and shares the domestic environment and lifestyle of its owner. This review exposes how the domestication of dogs has brought them closer to humans based on their intrinsic and extrinsic similarities which were discerned through examining and comparing the current knowledge and data on the intestinal microbiota of humans and canines in the context of several spontaneous pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and diabetes mellitus.
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In Silico Study Approach on a Series of 50 Polyphenolic Compounds in Plants; A Comparison on the Bioavailability and Bioactivity Data. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041413. [PMID: 35209203 PMCID: PMC8878759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty (50) phytocompounds from several subclasses of polyphenols, chosen based on their abundance in the plant world, were analyzed through density functional methods, using computational tools to evaluate their oral availability and particular bioactivity on several cell modulators; key descriptors and molecular features related to the electron density and electrostatic potential for the lowest energy conformers of the investigated molecules were computed. An analysis of the bioactivity scores towards six cell modulators (GPCR ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand, protease inhibitor and enzyme inhibitor) was also achieved, in the context of investigating their potential side effects on the human digestive processes. Summarizing, computational results confirmed in vivo and in vitro data regarding the high bioavailability of soy isoflavones and better bioavailability of free aglycones in comparison with their esterified and glycosylated forms. However, by a computational approach analyzing Lipinski’s rule, apigenin and apigenin-7-O-rhamnoside, naringenin, hesperetin, genistein, daidzin, biochanin A and formonetin in the flavonoid series and all hydroxycinnamic acids and all hydroxybenzoic acids excepting ellagic acid were proved to have the best bioavailability data; rhamnoside derivatives, the predominant glycosides in green plants, which were reported to have the lowest bioavailability values by in vivo studies, were revealed to have the best bioavailability data among the studied flavonoids in the computational approach. Results of in silico screening on the phenolic derivatives series also revealed their real inhibitory potency on the six parameters studied, showing a remarkable similitude between the flavonoid series, while flavonoids were more powerful natural cell modulators than the phenyl carboxylic acids tested. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a need for supplementation with digestive enzymes, mainly in the case of individuals with low digestive efficiency, to obtain the best health benefits of polyphenols in humans.
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Lee D, Goh TW, Kang MG, Choi HJ, Yeo SY, Yang J, Huh CS, Kim YY, Kim Y. Perspectives and Advances in Probiotics and the Gut Microbiome in
Companion Animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:197-217. [PMID: 35530406 PMCID: PMC9039956 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the number of households that raise dogs and cats is increasing, there is
growing interest in animal health. The gut plays an important role in animal
health. In particular, the microbiome in the gut is known to affect both the
absorption and metabolism of nutrients and the protective functions of the host.
Using probiotics on pets has beneficial effects, such as modulating the immune
system, helping to reduce stress, protecting against pathogenic bacteria and
developing growth performance. The goals of this review are to summarize the
relationship between probiotics/the gut microbiome and animal health, to feature
technology used for identifying the diversity of microbiota composition of
canine and feline microbiota, and to discuss recent reports on probiotics in
canines and felines and the safety issues associated with probiotics and the gut
microbiome in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Goh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Geun Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - So Young Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul
National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author: Younghoon Kim, Department of
Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. Tel: +82-2-880-4808,
E-mail:
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Bugrov N, Rudenko P, Lutsay V, Gurina R, Zharov A, Khairova N, Molchanova M, Krotova E, Shopinskaya M, Bolshakova M, Popova I. Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Cats with Intestinal Dysbiosis of Varying Severity. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020234. [PMID: 35215175 PMCID: PMC8875498 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in various animal species. There are only limited data on the microbiome in cats with varying grades of dysbiosis. The purpose of the study was a detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative fecal microbiota spectrum in cats with intestinal dysbiosis of varying severity. The data obtained indicate that, depending on the dysbiosis severity in cats, the intestinal microbiome landscape changes significantly. It has been established that, depending on the dysbiosis severity, there is a shift in the balance between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pools and in the nature of the isolation of specific bacteria forms, in the amount of obligate microbiota isolation, as well as individual facultative strains. When analyzing the serotyping of E. coli cultures isolated at various grades of intestinal dysbiosis severity, differences were found both in the isolation amount of various serotypes from one animal and in the prevalence of certain serotypes for each disease severity. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota sensitivity in cats with dysbiosis to antibacterial drugs showed that, depending on the disease severity, the number of isolates sensitive to antibiotics increases significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Bugrov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Pavel Rudenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lutsay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Regina Gurina
- Department of Technosphere Safety, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (N.K.)
| | - Andrey Zharov
- Department of Technosphere Safety, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (N.K.)
| | - Nadiya Khairova
- Department of Technosphere Safety, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.G.); (A.Z.); (N.K.)
| | - Maria Molchanova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Krotova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Shopinskaya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bolshakova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Irina Popova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (P.R.); (V.L.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Schiano Moriello A, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030348. [PMID: 35158670 PMCID: PMC8833664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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