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Su Y, Xu Y, Hu Y, Chang Y, Wu F, Yang M, Peng Y. Late age at first birth is a protective factor for oesophageal cancer and gastro-oesophageal reflux: the evidence from the genetic study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1329763. [PMID: 38288469 PMCID: PMC10823002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1329763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective of this research endeavor was to examine the underlying genetic causality between the age at first birth (AFB) and four prevalent esophageal diseases, namely oesophageal obstruction (OO), oesophageal varices (OV), gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR), and oesophageal cancer (OC). Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal association between AFB and four prevalent esophageal disorders. We employed eight distinct MR analysis techniques to evaluate causal relationships, encompassing random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and fixed-effects IVW. The random-effects IVW method served as the primary approach for our analysis. Furthermore, we executed several sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the genetic causal inferences. Results The random-effects IVW analysis revealed a significant negative genetic causal association between AFB and both GOR (P < 0.001, Odds Ratio [OR] 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.882 [0.828-0.940]) and OC (P < 0.001, OR 95% CI = 0.998 [0.998-0.999]). Conversely, there was insufficient evidence support to substantiate a genetic causal link between AFB and OO (P = 0.399, OR 95% CI = 0.873 [0.637-1.197]) or OV (P = 0.881, OR 95% CI = 0.978 [0.727-1.314]). The results of sensitivity analyses underscore the robustness and reliability of our MR analysis. Conclusion The findings of this investigation substantiate the notion that elevated AFB confers a protective effect against GOR and OC. In addition, no causative association was discerned between AFB and OO or OV at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Fangcai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Lu M, Zhang X, Chu Q, Chen Y, Zhang P. Susceptibility Genes Associated with Multiple Primary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5788. [PMID: 38136334 PMCID: PMC10741435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancements in treatment and screening techniques, we have been witnessing an era where more cancer survivors harbor multiple primary cancers (MPCs), affecting approximately one in six patients. Identifying MPCs is crucial for tumor staging and subsequent treatment choices. However, the current clinicopathological criteria for clinical application are limited and insufficient, making it challenging to differentiate them from recurrences or metastases. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a genetic perspective for defining multiple primary cancers. Researchers have found that, when considering multiple tumor pairs, it is crucial not only to examine well-known essential mutations like MLH1/MSH2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and TP53 mutations but also to explore certain pleiotropic loci. Moreover, specific deleterious mutations may serve as regulatory factors in second cancer development following treatment. This review aims to discuss these susceptibility genes and provide an explanation of their functions based on the signaling pathway background. Additionally, the association network between genetic signatures and different tumor pairs will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.L.)
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Lv X, Wu X, Liu K, Zhao X, Pan C, Zhao J, Chang J, Guo H, Gao X, Zhi X, Ren C, Chen Q, Jiang H, Wang C, Li Y. Development and Validation of a Nomogram Model for the Risk of Cardiac Death in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:377-387. [PMID: 37804372 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of mortality in esophageal cancer survivors is cardiac death. Early identification of cardiac mortality risk during chemotherapy for esophageal cancer is crucial for improving the prognosis. We developed and validated a nomogram model to identify patients with high cardiac mortality risk after chemotherapy for esophageal cancer for early screening and clinical decision-making. We randomly allocated 37,994 patients with chemotherapy-treated esophageal cancer into two groups using a 7:3 split ratio: model training (n = 26,598) and validation (n = 11,396). 5- and 10-year survival rates were used as endpoints for model training and validation. Decision curve analysis and the consistency index (C-index) were used to evaluate the model's net clinical advantage. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and computing the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the prognostic index was performed. Patient risk was stratified according to the death probability. Age, surgery, sex, and year were most closely related to cardiac death and used to plot the nomograms. The C-index for the training and validation datasets were 0.669 and 0.698, respectively, indicating the nomogram's net clinical advantage in predicting cardiac death risk at 5 and 10 years. The 5- and 10-year AUCs were 0.753 and 0.772 for the training dataset and 0.778 and 0.789 for the validation dataset, respectively. The accuracy of the model in predicting cardiac death risk was moderate. This nomogram can identify patients at risk of cardiac death after chemotherapy for esophageal cancer at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chenliang Pan
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Juan Chang
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhi
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chunzhen Ren
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qilin Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hugang Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
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Liu J, Zeng X, Zhou X, Xu Y, Ding Z, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Chen L, Wang J, Lu Y, Liu Y. Longer interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery is associated with improved pathological response, but does not accurately estimate survival in patients with resectable esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:155. [PMID: 36936022 PMCID: PMC10018328 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been shown to reduce tumor burden and achieve tumor regression in patients with esophageal cancer (ESC). However, the most beneficial time interval between the administration of nCRT and surgery remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the association of the duration of time between nCRT and surgery with the prognosis of patients with ESC. Patients with ESC who received nCRT following surgical resection (n=161) were reviewed and divided into the prolonged time interval group (time interval ≥66 days) and the short time interval group (time interval <66 days), according to the median value. Subsequent analysis revealed that the prolonged time interval group achieved a higher pathological complete response (pCR) rate compared with the short time interval group (49.4 vs. 26.3%; P=0.003). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that it was possible to independently estimate a higher pCR rate based on a prolonged time interval (odds ratio, 2.131; P=0.042). However, no association between a prolonged time interval and disease-free survival (DFS) was detected using Kaplan-Meier curves (P=0.252) or multivariate Cox regression (P=0.607) analyses. Similarly, no association was identified between a prolonged time interval and overall survival (OS; P=0.946) based on Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, and subsequent multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the time interval also failed to independently estimate OS (P=0.581). Moreover, female sex (P=0.001) and a radiation dose ≥40 Gy (P=0.039) served as independent factors associated with a higher pCR rate, and the pCR rate was an independent predictor of favorable DFS (P=0.002) and OS (P=0.015) rates. In conclusion, the present study revealed that a prolonged time interval from nCRT to surgery was associated with a higher pCR rate, but it failed to estimate the survival profile of patients with ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, Sichuan 641400, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Yongmei Liu, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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NAPRT, but Not NAMPT, Provides Additional Support for NAD Synthesis in Esophageal Precancerous Lesions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224916. [PMID: 36432602 PMCID: PMC9695206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that esophageal precancerous lesions (EPLs) have a surge requirement for coenzyme I (NAD). The purpose of this study is to clarify the key control points of NAD synthesis in developing EPL by detecting related markers and the gene polymorphism of NAD synthesis and metabolism. This case-control study was conducted in Huai'an, China. In total, 100 healthy controls and 100 EPL cases matched by villages, gender, and age (±2 years) were included. The levels of plasma niacin and nicotinamide, and the protein concentration of NAMPT, NAPRT, and PARP-1 were quantitatively analyzed. PARP-1 gene polymorphism was detected to determine if the cases differed genetically in NAD synthesis. The levels of plasma niacin and nicotinamide and the concentrations of NAMPT were not related to the risk of EPL, but the over-expressions of NAPRT (p = 0.014, 0.001, and 0.016, respectively) and PARP-1 (p for trend = 0.021) were associated with the increased EPL risk. The frequency distribution of APRP-1 genotypes was found to not differ between the two groups, while the EPL group showed an increased frequency of the variant C allele. NAPRT, but not NAMPT, was found to be responsible for the stress of excess NAD synthesis in EPL. Focusing on the development of NAPRT inhibitors may be beneficial to prevent and control ESCC.
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The Role of m6A Modification and m6A Regulators in Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205139. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent RNA modification, is involved in all aspects of RNA metabolism, including RNA processing, nuclear export, stability, translation and degradation. Therefore, m6A modification can participate in various physiological functions, such as tissue development, heat shock response, DNA damage response, circadian clock control and even in carcinogenesis through regulating the expression or structure of the gene. The deposition, removal and recognition of m6A are carried out by methyltransferases, demethylases and m6A RNA binding proteins, respectively. Aberrant m6A modification and the dysregulation of m6A regulators play critical roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers. The pathogenesis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) remains unclear and the five-year survival rate of advanced ESCA patients is still dismal. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent studies of m6A modification and m6A regulators in ESCA and comprehensively analyzed the role and possible mechanism of m6A modification and m6A regulators in the occurrence, progression, remedy and prognosis of ESCA. Defining the effect of m6A modification and m6A regulators in ESCA might be helpful for determining the pathogenesis of ESCA and providing some ideas for an early diagnosis, individualized treatment and improved prognosis of ESCA patients.
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7
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Bennett AN, Huang RX, He Q, Lee NP, Sung WK, Chan KHK. Drug repositioning for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:991842. [PMID: 36246638 PMCID: PMC9554346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a significant challenge globally, having the 8th highest incidence and 6th highest mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common form of EC in Asia. Crucially, more than 90% of EC cases in China are ESCC. The high mortality rate of EC is likely due to the limited number of effective therapeutic options. To increase patient survival, novel therapeutic strategies for EC patients must be devised. Unfortunately, the development of novel drugs also presents its own significant challenges as most novel drugs do not make it to market due to lack of efficacy or safety concerns. A more time and cost-effective strategy is to identify existing drugs, that have already been approved for treatment of other diseases, which can be repurposed to treat EC patients, with drug repositioning. This can be achieved by comparing the gene expression profiles of disease-states with the effect on gene-expression by a given drug. In our analysis, we used previously published microarray data and identified 167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using weighted key driver analysis, 39 key driver genes were then identified. These driver genes were then used in Overlap Analysis and Network Analysis in Pharmomics. By extracting drugs common to both analyses, 24 drugs are predicted to demonstrate therapeutic effect in EC patients. Several of which have already been shown to demonstrate a therapeutic effect in EC, most notably Doxorubicin, which is commonly used to treat EC patients, and Ixazomib, which was recently shown to induce apoptosis and supress growth of EC cell lines. Additionally, our analysis predicts multiple psychiatric drugs, including Venlafaxine, as repositioned drugs. This is in line with recent research which suggests that psychiatric drugs should be investigated for use in gastrointestinal cancers such as EC. Our study shows that a drug repositioning approach is a feasible strategy for identifying novel ESCC therapies and can also improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Bennett
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Xuan Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki P. Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Department of Computer Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kei Hang Katie Chan,
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8
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Due SL, Watson DI, Bastian I, Eichelmann AK, Hussey DJ. Oestrogen Receptor Isoforms May Represent a Therapeutic Target in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081891. [PMID: 35454796 PMCID: PMC9032750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Recent studies have identified oestrogen receptors (ERs) in this cancer, which could represent a new target for therapy. In this study, we used laboratory models of oesophageal adenocarcinoma to look for the presence of variant forms of ERs. We also assessed the response to treatment with a drug that acts through these ERs. We found that variant forms of ERs do exist in this malignancy and that some of the variants appear to be important in order for the cells to respond to treatment. This could be due to interactions between different ERs, or between ERs and other molecules that are known to be important in cancer growth. Our findings are encouraging in that drugs that act through ERs might be useful for patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the future. Abstract Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a rapidly increasing problem in which treatment options are limited. Previous studies have shown that oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells and tissues express oestrogen receptors (ERs) and show growth suppression and apoptosis in response to ER modulator agents such as tamoxifen. ERs are known to be expressed in a number of isoforms that act together to regulate cell growth and cell death. In this study, we used western blotting to profile the expression of ERα and ERβ isoforms, and expression of the oncologically related molecules p53, HER2, and EGFR, in a panel of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cytotoxicity of tamoxifen in the cell lines was determined with Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, and correlations between cytotoxicity and receptor expression were assessed using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines showed varying cytotoxicity in response to tamoxifen. The ER species ERα90, ERα50, and ERα46, as well as p53, were positively associated with a cytotoxic response. Conversely, ERα74, ERα70, and ERβ54 were associated with a lack of cytotoxic response. The ER species detected in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells may work together to confer sensitivity to ER modulators in this disease, which could open up a new avenue for therapy in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Due
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Isabell Bastian
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eichelmann
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Damian J Hussey
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Giovannelli P, Ramaraj P, Williams C. Editorial: Role of Sex Steroids and Their Receptor in Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883229. [PMID: 35464052 PMCID: PMC9018976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pia Giovannelli,
| | - Pandurangan Ramaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Due SL, Watson DI, Hussey DJ. Oestrogen receptors: A potential therapeutic target in oesophageal adenocarcinoma? ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:1390-1396. [PMID: 34227212 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world and adenocarcinoma is the dominant subtype in Western industrialised nations. The global 5-year relative survival rate for oesophageal adenocarcinoma is 12%. Chemotherapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with both resectable and unresectable disease. However, there are only a few established chemotherapeutic drug options and progress in this area is limited. Recent efforts have focused on targeted molecular therapies. Epidemiological evidence points towards hormonal influences on disease development, particularly sex hormones. Several research studies have demonstrated oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma tissue, making them a possible option for targeting with ER modulating agents. ERs are also present in laboratory models of the disease and experiments in ER-positive cell lines suggest that ER modulator therapy may be effective. A deeper understanding of the roles of ERα and ERβ in this disease would be valuable for future translation into clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the association between oestrogens and the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and the potential to modulate ER signalling networks for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Due
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damian J Hussey
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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11
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Pillerová M, Borbélyová V, Hodosy J, Riljak V, Renczés E, Frick KM, Tóthová Ľ. On the role of sex steroids in biological functions by classical and non-classical pathways. An update. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100926. [PMID: 34089761 PMCID: PMC8523217 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The sex steroid hormones (SSHs) play several roles in regulation of various processes in the cardiovascular, immune, muscular and neural systems. SSHs affect prenatal and postnatal development of various brain structures, including regions associated with important physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional functions. This action can be mediated by either intracellular or transmembrane receptors. While the classical mechanisms of SSHs action are relatively well examined, the physiological importance of non-classical mechanism of SSHs action through membrane-associated and transmembrane receptors in the brain remains unclear. The most recent summary describing the role of SSHs in different body systems is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss classical and non-classical signaling pathways of testosterone and estradiol action via their receptors at functional, cellular, tissue level and to describe the effects on various body systems and behavior. Particular emphasis will be on brain regions including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, frontal cortex and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pillerová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Borbélyová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Riljak
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emese Renczés
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Zhang S, Guo J, Zhang H, Li H, Hassan MOO, Zhang L. Metastasis pattern and prognosis in men with esophageal cancer patients: A SEER-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26496. [PMID: 34160464 PMCID: PMC8238299 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is relatively common; at the time of diagnosis, 50% of cases present with distant metastases, and most patients are men. This study aimed to examine and compare the clinicopathological characteristics and metastatic patterns of male EC (MEC) and female EC (FEC). In addition, risk factors associated with MEC prognosis were evaluated.The present study population was extracted from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. MEC characteristics and factors associated with prognosis were evaluated using descriptive analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox regression model.A total of 12,558 MEC cases were included; among them, 3454 cases had distant organ metastases. Overall, 27.5% of the entire cohort were patients with distant organ metastases. Compared with patients with non-metastatic MEC, patients with metastatic MEC were more likely to be aged ≤60 years, of Black and White race, have a primary lesion in the overlapping esophagus segments, and have a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of poorly differentiated and undifferentiated grade that was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy rather than surgery; moreover, they were also more likely to be married and insured. In addition, patients with MEC were more likely to be aged ≤60 years, White race, and diagnosed with a primary lesion in the lower third of the esophagus and overlapping esophagus segments, and treated without chemotherapy, compared with those with FEC. Patients in the former group were also more likely than those in the latter group to be unmarried and have bone metastasis only and lung metastasis only. Liver, lung, and bone metastases separately, and simultaneous liver and lung metastases were associated with poor survival in MEC patients.Metastatic MEC is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and metastatic patterns different from those associated with non-metastatic MEC and metastatic FEC. Metastatic MEC and FEC patients may have similar prognoses. Distant organ metastasis may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with MEC and FEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Jida Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Mohamed Osman Omar Hassan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Qena University Hospitals, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
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Oliveira MMD, Silva IPB, Teixeira R, Malta DC, Iser BPM. ESOPHAGEAL CANCER MORTALITY IN BRAZIL: A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS FROM THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:100-106. [PMID: 33909787 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the world, around 450,000 new cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trend of esophageal cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 1990-2017. METHODS A time series study using data on mortality from esophageal cancer in residents ≥30 years in Brazil from 1990 to 2017. Data was estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and analyzed according to sex, age group and federal unit of Brazil. The standardized rates according to age were calculated by the direct method using the standard GBD world population. Annual average percentage change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for mortality by Joinpoint regression. RESULTS The age-standardized mortality rate in males was 20.6 in 1990 and 17.6/100,000 in 2017, increasing according to age, being 62.4 (1990) and 54.7 (2017) for ≥70 years. In women, the age-standardized mortality rate was 5.9 in 1990 and 4.2/100,000 in 2017. There was a reduction in mortality rates in all age groups and both sexes with great variation among the states. CONCLUSION Despite the high mortality rates for esophageal cancer in Brazil, the trend was decreasing, but with regional differences. Mortality was around four times higher in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renato Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Mining the plasma-proteome associated genes in patients with gastro-esophageal cancers for biomarker discovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7590. [PMID: 33828156 PMCID: PMC8027878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastro-esophageal (GE) cancers are one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the world. There is a need for novel biomarkers in the management of GE cancers, to yield predictive response to the available therapies. Our study aims to identify leading genes that are differentially regulated in patients with these cancers. We explored the expression data for those genes whose protein products can be detected in the plasma using the Cancer Genome Atlas to identify leading genes that are differentially regulated in patients with GE cancers. Our work predicted several candidates as potential biomarkers for distinct stages of GE cancers, including previously identified CST1, INHBA, STMN1, whose expression correlated with cancer recurrence, or resistance to adjuvant therapies or surgery. To define the predictive accuracy of these genes as possible biomarkers, we constructed a co-expression network and performed complex network analysis to measure the importance of the genes in terms of a ratio of closeness centrality (RCC). Furthermore, to measure the significance of these differentially regulated genes, we constructed an SVM classifier using machine learning approach and verified these genes by using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve as an evaluation metric. The area under the curve measure was > 0.9 for both the overexpressed and downregulated genes suggesting the potential use and reliability of these candidates as biomarkers. In summary, we identified leading differentially expressed genes in GE cancers that can be detected in the plasma proteome. These genes have potential to become diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for early detection of cancer, recurrence following surgery and for development of targeted treatment.
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15
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Low Risk of Progression of Barrett's Esophagus to Neoplasia in Women. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:321-326. [PMID: 32379085 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Men are at a higher risk for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but little is known about BE progression to dysplasia and EAC in women. We performed a retrospective, multicenter cohort study to assess risk of BE progression to dysplasia and EAC in women compared with men. We also investigated comorbidities, medication use, and endoscopic features that contribute to sex differences in risk of BE progression. METHODS We collected data from large cohort of patients with BE seen at 6 centers in the United States and Europe, followed for a median 5.7 years. We obtained demographic information (age, sex, ethnicity), clinical history (tobacco use, body mass index, comorbidities), endoscopy results (procedure date, BE segment length), and histopathology findings. Neoplasia was graded as low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or EAC. Rates of disease progression between women and men were compared using χ2 analysis and the Student t test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex and disease progression after adjusting for possible confounding variables. RESULTS Of the total 4263 patients in the cohort, 2145 met the inclusion criteria, including 324 (15%) women. There was a total of 34 (1.6%) incident EACs, with an overall annual incidence of 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.2%-0.4%). We found significant differences between women and men in annual incidence rates of EAC (0.05% for women vs. 0.3% in men; P=0.04) and in the combined endpoint of HGD or EAC (0.1% for women vs. 1.1% for men; P<0.001). Female gender was an independent predictor for reduced progression to HGD or EAC when rates of progression were adjusted for body mass index, smoking history, race, use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton-pump inhibitors, or statins, hypertriglyceridemia, BE length, and histology findings at baseline (hazard ratio: 0.11; 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.45; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter study of men versus women with BE, we found a significantly lower risk of disease progression to cancer and HGD in women. The extremely low risk of EAC in women with BE (0.05%/y) indicates that surveillance endoscopy may not be necessary for this subgroup of patients with BE.
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Chen H, Luo J, Guo J. Construction and Validation of a 7-Immune Gene Model for Prognostic Assessment of Esophageal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927392. [PMID: 33275591 PMCID: PMC7722773 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We constructed a predictive risk model of esophageal carcinoma (EC) for prognostic prediction. Material/Methods Immune genes and the expression data were downloaded from the ImmPort database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Univariate analysis, Lasso regression, and multivariate analysis were applied to screen the ultimately included prognostic immune genes for the model based on the training cohort. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to evaluate the model. The model was further validated in the testing and entire cohorts, and the clinical utility of the model and its ability to assess the subtypes of EC were evaluated in the entire cohort. Results We detected 297 differentially expressed immune genes, including 241 upregulated genes and 56 downregulated genes in EC patients. Based on these genes, we developed a 7-immune gene model of EC, including HSPA6, S100A12, NOS2, DKK1, OSM, AR, and OXTR. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model at 1 year was 0.825. Similarly, the AUC values for the validating cohorts were 0.813 and 0.816, respectively. Pathological stage and risk score of the model were independent prognostic factors. This model was effective for both subtypes of EC. Conclusions We constructed a 7-gene model consisting of HSPA6, S100A12, NOS2, DKK1, OSM, AR, and OXTR. This risk model could be used for prognostic prediction of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Y Chromosome Loss is a Frequent Event in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma and Associated with Poor Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071743. [PMID: 32629877 PMCID: PMC7408596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The loss of the Y chromosome in various malignant diseases has been described previously. There are no reliable information on the actual frequency, significance and homogeneity of Y chromosome loss (LoY) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods: 400 male EAC including lymph-node metastases were analyzed with commercially available Y chromosome specific fluorescence in-situ probes. The results were correlated with molecular and immunohistochemical markers and clinicopathological aspects. Results: The entire cohort (n = 400) showed a singular LoY of one chromosome arm in 1.0% (q-arm) and 2.8% (p-arm), complete LoY in 52.5%. LoY was strongly associated with shortened overall-survival (OS). Patients with preserved Y chromosome had a median OS of 58.8 months, patients with LoY an OS of 19.4 months (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed LoY as an independent prognostic marker with a hazard ratio of 1.835 (95% CI 1.233–2.725). LoY correlated with TP53 mutations (p = 0.003), KRAS amplification (p = 0.004), loss of ARID1a (p = 0.045) and presence of LAG3 (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Loss of the Y chromosome is a very common phenomenon in EAC. The LoY is heterogeneously distributed within the tumor, but corresponding lymph node metastases frequently show homogeneous LoY, indicating a selection and metastasizing advantage with poor prognosis. To date, the male predominance of EAC (7–9:1) is unclear, so genetic explanatory models are favored. The LoY in EAC may be biologically and functionally relevant and additional genomic or functional analyses are needed.
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18
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Wu S, Zhang L, Deng J, Guo B, Li F, Wang Y, Wu R, Zhang S, Lu J, Zhou Y. A Novel Micropeptide Encoded by Y-Linked LINC00278 Links Cigarette Smoking and AR Signaling in Male Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2790-2803. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Albasri AM, Elkablawy MA. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of androgen receptor overexpression in colorectal cancer. Experience from Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2020; 40:893-900. [PMID: 31522216 PMCID: PMC6790489 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.9.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the androgen receptor (AR) status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by the immunohistochemical method and to correlate the findings with all available clinicopathological parameters of prognostic significance. Methods: Archival tumor samples were studied using immunohistochemistry for AR expression in 324 patients with CRC. Patients were diagnosed at the Pathology Department at a tertiary care Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2006 and December 2017. Results: There is a complete lack of AR expression in normal colonic mucosa; however, AR was expressed in 16 cases (40%) of colorectal adenoma. In CRC, AR expression was high in 118 cases (36.4%). There were no significant correlations between AR expression and gender, age, tumor histologic type, and tumor location. However, AR expression revealed a significant correlation with tumor size (p=0.026), tumor differentiation (p=0.047), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging (p=0.043), lymph node positivity (p=0.018), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.018), and distant metastasis (p=0.049). In univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, there was a significant (p=0.002) difference in overall survival between AR positive and negative tumors in favor of the latter. In multivariate (COX) models, high AR expression (p=0.002), AJCC (p<0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001) were the only significant independent prognostic indicators of overall survival in CRC. Conlusion: Our study showed that the patients with higher AR expression had a significantly poorer survival rate, AR expression had the potential to be a prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader M Albasri
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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20
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Busby J, Karasneh R, Murchie P, McMenamin Ú, Gadalla SM, Camargo MC, Iversen L, Lee AJ, Spence AD, Cardwell CR. The role of 5α-reductase inhibitors in gastro-oesophageal cancer risk: A nested case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:48-56. [PMID: 31713940 PMCID: PMC8520491 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The strong male predominance of gastro-oesophageal cancer suggests that sex hormones play an important role. 5α-Reductase (5AR) inhibitors have antiandrogen effects and have been shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. We conducted the first epidemiologic investigation into the association between 5AR inhibitor use and gastro-oesophageal cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within the Scottish Primary Care Clinical Information Unit Research database. Male cases diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer between 1999 and 2011 were matched to up to five male controls based on birth year, diagnosis year, and general practice. We used electronic prescribing records to ascertain medication use. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between 5AR inhibitor use and cancer risk, after adjusting for comorbidities and aspirin, statin, or proton pump inhibitor use. RESULTS The study included 2003 gastro-oesophageal cancer cases and 9650 controls. There was some evidence of reduced gastro-oesophageal cancer risk among 5AR inhibitor users (adjusted OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-1.02), particularly for finasteride (adjusted OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.94). These decreases were more marked among those who received at least 3 years of 5AR inhibitors (adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27-1.05; P value = .071) or finasteride (adjusted OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.99; P value = .046). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of reduced gastro-oesophageal cancer risk among users of 5AR inhibitors, particularly finasteride. However, larger epidemiological studies are required before randomised controlled trials are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Busby
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Murchie
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Úna McMenamin
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Lisa Iversen
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amanda J Lee
- Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew D. Spence
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Huang CM, Huang CS, Hsu TN, Huang MS, Fong IH, Lee WH, Liu SC. Disruption of Cancer Metabolic SREBP1/miR-142-5p Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Esophageal Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010007. [PMID: 31861383 PMCID: PMC7016574 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
: Elevated activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different cancer types. However, the functional roles of SREBP1 in esophageal cancer are not well appreciated. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SREBP1 and associated signaling in esophageal cancer. Our initial bioinformatics analyses showed that SREBP1 expression was overexpressed in esophageal tumors and correlated with a significantly lower overall survival rate in patients. Additionally, tumor suppressor miR-142-5p was predicted to target SREBP1/ZEB1 and a lower miR-142-5p was correlated with poor prognosis. We then performed in vitro experiments and showed that overexpressing SREBP1 in OE33 cell line led to increased abilities of colony formation, migration, and invasion; the opposite was observed in SREBP1-silenced OE21cells and SREBP1-silencing was accompanied by the reduced mesenchymal markers, including vimentin (Vim) and ZEB1, while E-cadherin and tumor suppressor miR-142-5p were increased. Subsequently, we first demonstrated that both SREBP1 and ZEB1 were potential targets of miR-142-5p, followed by the examination of the regulatory circuit of miR-142-5p and SREBP1/ZEB1. We observed that increased miR-142-5p level led to the reduced tumorigenic properties, such as migration and tumor sphere formation, and both observations were accompanied by the reduction of ZEB1 and SREBP1, and increase of E-cadherin. We then explored the potential therapeutic agent targeting SREBP1-associated signaling by testing fatostatin (4-hydroxytamoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen). We found that fatostatin suppressed the cell viability of OE21 and OE33 cells and tumor spheres. Interestingly, fatostatin treatment reduced CD133+ population in both OE21 and OE33 cells in concert of increased miR-142-5p level. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of fatostatin using a xenograft mouse model. Mice treated with fatostatin showed a significantly lower tumor burden and better survival rate as compared to their control counterparts. The treatment of fatostatin resulted in the reduced staining of SREBP1, ZEB1, and Vim, while E-cadherin and miR-142-5p were increased. In summary, we showed that increased SREBP1 and reduced miR-142-5p were associated with increased tumorigenic properties of esophageal cancer cells and poor prognosis. Preclinical tests showed that suppression of SREBP1 using fatostatin led to the reduced malignant phenotype of esophageal cancer via the reduction of EMT markers and increased tumor suppressor, miR-142-5p. Further investigation is warranted for the clinical use of fatostatin for the treatment of esophageal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung City 950, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Sheng Huang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (C.-S.H.); (T.-N.H.); (M.-S.H.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Nien Hsu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (C.-S.H.); (T.-N.H.); (M.-S.H.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Suan Huang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (C.-S.H.); (T.-N.H.); (M.-S.H.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (S.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8742) (W.-H.L.); +886-2-87927192 (S.-C.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (W.-H.L.); +886-2-87927193 (S.-C.L.)
| | - Shao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (S.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8742) (W.-H.L.); +886-2-87927192 (S.-C.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (W.-H.L.); +886-2-87927193 (S.-C.L.)
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Amorim CA, De Souza LP, Moreira JP, Luiz RR, De V Carneiro AJ, De Souza HSP. Geographic distribution and time trends of esophageal cancer in Brazil from 2005 to 2015. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:631-638. [PMID: 31086670 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the geographical distribution and time trends of the incidence and lethality of esophageal cancer (EC) in Brazil. The present study conducted an ecological study of EC using records from January 2005 to December 2015 in the Health Informatics Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS) registry. In addition to demographical data on the population, EC incidence and lethality rates were estimated from hospitalizations and in-hospital mortalities and were adjusted by total available hospital beds. The adjusted EC rates per 100,000 increased from 9.1 in 2005 to 12.1 in 2015. The prevalence among males increased from 69 to 78%, while the female rates remained stable over the same period. Although EC was the most common in South and Southeast Brazil, the rates increased proportionately more in the other regions of the country, especially among males. Geographical analysis revealed higher rates of EC in more urbanized areas, with a coast-to-inland gradient. While rates increased in people older than 50 years, they decreased among people below this age. However, the lethality rates remained stable and high during the study period, overlapping with hospital admission rates. The recent increasing trend in the EC incidence, with shifts from the south towards the north and from more urbanized towards rural areas, suggests that environmental factors are crucial in EC pathogenesis. The concentration of EC in South Brazil may reflect the presence of major environmental factors in association with a possible genetic predisposition. The unchanging high mortality associated with EC in the rapidly aging population suggests that EC will continue to impose a significant social and economic burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Amorim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Lucila Perrota De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Jessica P Moreira
- Institute of Public Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ronir R Luiz
- Institute of Public Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Antonio José De V Carneiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Heitor S P De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
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Atef A, El-Rashidy MA, Elzayat S, Kabel AM. The prognostic value of sex hormone receptors expression in laryngeal carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:84-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for all major gastrointestinal cancers. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, this link could lead to an elevated burden of cancers of the digestive system. Currently, three main mechanisms explaining the link between excess adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer risk are being considered, including altered insulin signaling, obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered sex hormone metabolism, although new potential mechanisms emerge. This review is aimed to present our current knowledge on biological mechanisms involved in adiposity-related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis supported by results collected in epidemiological studies.
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Ulrich CM, Himbert C, Holowatyj AN, Hursting SD. Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:683-698. [PMID: 30158569 PMCID: PMC6500387 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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McMenamin ÚC, Trainor J, Coleman HG, McManus DT, McQuaid S, Bingham V, James J, Salto-Tellez M, Johnston BT, Turkington RC. Sex hormone receptor expression and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35300-35312. [PMID: 30450159 PMCID: PMC6219676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A striking epidemiological feature of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is its strong, unexplained male predominance but few studies have evaluated the prevalence of sex hormone receptor expression in EAC. RESULTS A low proportion of EAC tumors stained positive for ERα (4%) and AR (3%) while approximately one third stained positive for ERβ (31%). After a mean follow-up of 3 years (max 9 years), no significant associations were seen for ERα, ERβ or AR expression and EAC recurrence or survival. A non-significant reduction in mortality was observed for positive ERβ tumor expression, when restricting to patients with gastro-esophageal junctional (GEJ) cancer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33, 1.03, p = 0.06). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all EAC patients who underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical resection between 2004-2012 in the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre. Immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERβ and AR was scored on triplicate cores to generate H-scores. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between sex hormone receptor expression and overall, cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION We found little evidence of ERα or AR expression in EAC. A moderate proportion expressed ERβ and there was suggestive evidence that its expression was associated with improved survival in GEJ cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna C McMenamin
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James Trainor
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Damian T McManus
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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27
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Mc Menamin ÚC, Kunzmann AT, Cook MB, Johnston BT, Murray LJ, Spence AD, Cantwell MM, Cardwell CR. Hormonal and reproductive factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in men: A prospective cohort study within the UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:831-841. [PMID: 29532460 PMCID: PMC6471614 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers of the oesophagus and stomach show a strong unexplained male predominance. Hormonal and reproductive factors have been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers in women but there is little available data on men. To investigate this, we included 219,425 men enrolled in the UK Biobank in 2006-2010. Baseline assessments provided information on hormonal and reproductive factors (specifically hair baldness, number of children fathered, relative age at first facial hair and relative age voice broke) and incident oesophageal or gastric cancers were identified through linkage to U.K. cancer registries. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During 8 years of follow-up, 309 oesophageal 210 gastric cancers occurred. There was some evidence that male pattern baldness, was associated with gastric cancer risk (adjusted HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97, 1.88), particularly for frontal male pattern baldness (adjusted HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02, 2.28). There was little evidence of association between other hormonal and reproductive factors and risk of oesophageal or gastric cancer, overall or by histological subtype. In the first study of a range of male hormonal and reproductive factors and gastric cancer, there was a suggestion that male pattern baldness, often used as a proxy of sex hormone levels, may be associated with gastric cancer. Future prospective studies that directly test circulating sex steroid hormone levels in relation to upper gastrointestinal cancer risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna C Mc Menamin
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew T Kunzmann
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Centre of Excellence for Public Health (NI), Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew D Spence
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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28
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29
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Dong H, Xu J, Li W, Gan J, Lin W, Ke J, Jiang J, Du L, Chen Y, Zhong X, Zhang D, Yeung SCJ, Li X, Zhang H. Reciprocal androgen receptor/interleukin-6 crosstalk drives oesophageal carcinoma progression and contributes to patient prognosis. J Pathol 2017; 241:448-462. [PMID: 27801498 DOI: 10.1002/path.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a leading lethal malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by marked gender disparity. Clarifying the roles of the function and regulatory pathway of the androgen receptor (AR) will improve our understanding of oesophageal cancer progression, thereby facilitating the personalized management of ESCC. Here we report evidence to show that AR is a key mediator of inflammatory signals in ESCC cancer progression. High AR expression was associated with poor overall survival in tobacco-using ESCC patients but not in ESCC patients not using tobacco. A gain and loss of AR function enhanced and repressed ESCC cell growth, respectively, by altering cell cycle progression. In mice bearing human ESCC xenografts, silencing AR expression attenuated tumour growth, whereas AR overexpression promoted tumour growth in mice of different androgen statuses (male, female, and castrated male). Array assays revealed that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) is a prominent AR target gene in ESCC. By directly binding to the IL6 promoter, AR enhances IL6 transcription, and IL6 can in turn activate AR expression, thus forming a reciprocal regulatory circuit to sustain STAT3 oncogenic signalling in ESCC. Moreover, high expression levels of both AR and IL6 in human ESCC predict poor clinical outcome in tobacco users. Together, these data establish that AR promotes ESCC growth and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The discovery of a positive feedback loop between IL6 and AR bridges the knowledge gaps among lifestyle factor-associated inflammation, gender disparity, and oesophageal carcinoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Nicotiana/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jierong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liang Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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30
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Brusselaers N, Maret-Ouda J, Konings P, El-Serag HB, Lagergren J. Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1693-1699. [PMID: 28006838 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A protective effect of female sex hormones has been suggested to explain the male predominance in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, but evidence is lacking. We aimed to test whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) decreases the risk of these tumors. For comparison, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was also assessed. This population-based matched cohort study included all women who had ever used systemic MHT in Sweden in 2005-2012. A comparison cohort of non-users of MHT was matched to the MHT-users regarding age, parity, thrombotic events, hysterectomy, diabetes, obesity, smoking-related diseases and alcohol-related diseases. Individuals with any previous cancer were excluded. Data on MHT use, cancer, comorbidity and mortality were collected from well-established Swedish nationwide registers. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Different MHT regimens and age groups were compared in sub-group analyses. We identified 290,186 ever-users and 870,165 non-users of MHT. Ever-users had decreased ORs of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85, n = 46), gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.74, n = 123) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.83, n = 33). The ORs were decreased for both estrogen-only MHT and estrogen and progestin combined MHT, and in all age groups. The lowest OR was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma in MHT-users younger than 60 years (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.65). Our study suggests that MHT-users are at a decreased risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma and also of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanisms behind these associations remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Brusselaers
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research CTMR, Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cellbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science For Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Maret-Ouda
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Konings
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom
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31
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Palethorpe HM, Drew PA, Smith E. Androgen Signaling in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines In Vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3402-3414. [PMID: 29052817 PMCID: PMC5694516 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed previously that nuclear localization of the androgen receptor (AR) and expression of the androgen-responsive gene FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tissues were associated with decreased patient survival, suggesting a role for androgens in this cancer. AIM To investigate the effect of the AR ligand 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on AR-expressing EAC cell lines in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS In tissue resection specimens from EAC patients, FKBP5 expression was positively associated with proliferation as measured by Ki-67 expression. We stably transduced AR into three AR-negative EAC cell lines, OE33, JH-EsoAd1, and OE19, to investigate androgen signaling in vitro. In the AR-expressing cell lines, 10 nM DHT, the concentration typically used to study AR signaling, induced changes in the expression of androgen-responsive genes and inhibited proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and senescence. At lower DHT concentrations near the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), the AR-expressing cell lines proliferated and there were changes in the expression of androgen-responsive genes. In direct co-culture with cancer-associated fibroblast-like PShTert myofibroblasts, 10 nM DHT induced changes in the expression of androgen-responsive genes but did not inhibit proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that EAC cell lines respond to androgen in vitro. Proliferation together with the expression of androgen-responsive genes was dependent on the concentration of DHT, or the presence of a permissive microenvironment, consistent with observations in the tissues. These findings are consistent with a role for androgen signaling in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Palethorpe
- 0000 0004 1936 7304grid.1010.0Solid Cancer Regulation Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia
| | - Paul A. Drew
- 0000 0004 1936 7304grid.1010.0Solid Cancer Regulation Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia ,0000 0004 0367 2697grid.1014.4School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- 0000 0004 1936 7304grid.1010.0Solid Cancer Regulation Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia ,0000 0004 0486 659Xgrid.278859.9Department of Medical Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia
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32
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Schooling CM. Could androgens be relevant to partly explain why men have lower life expectancy than women? J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:324-8. [PMID: 26659456 PMCID: PMC4819655 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Mary Schooling
- School of Urban Public Health at Hunter College and City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, USA Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
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