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Wibowo YG, Ramadan BS, Taher T, Khairurrijal K. Advancements of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Environmental and Human Protection for Combatting the COVID-19 During and Post-pandemic Era: A Comprehensive Scientific Review. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37363141 PMCID: PMC10171735 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-023-00086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of unknown pneumonia emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It was later identified as the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has since infected over 9 million people in more than 213 countries worldwide. Massive papers on the topic of SARS-CoV-2 that have already been published are necessary to be analyzed and discussed. This paper used the combination of systematic literature network analysis and content analysis to develop a comprehensive discussion related to the use of nanotechnology and materials in environmental and human protection. Its is shown that various efforts have been made to control the transmission of this pandemic. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in modern vaccine design, as nanomaterials are essential tools for antigen delivery, adjuvants, and mimics of viral structures. In addition, nanomaterials and nanotechnology also reported a crucial role in environmental protection for defence and treating the pandemic. To eradicate pandemics now and in the future, successful treatments must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing, and global distribution. In this review, we discuss the current approaches to COVID-19 development and highlight the critical role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in combating the virus in the human body and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha Gusti Wibowo
- Department of Mining Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatrea, Lampung, 35365 Indonesia
| | | | - Tarmizi Taher
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, 35365 Indonesia
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, 35365 Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia
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Prabhakar PK, Khurana N, Vyas M, Sharma V, Batiha GES, Kaur H, Singh J, Kumar D, Sharma N, Kaushik A, Kumar R. Aspects of Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Its Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020451. [PMID: 36839773 PMCID: PMC9960567 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus, a causative agent of the common cold to a much more complicated disease such as "severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV-2), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)", is a member of the coronaviridae family and contains a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 26-32 kilobase pairs. COVID-19 has shown very high mortality and morbidity and imparted a significantly impacted socioeconomic status. There are many variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have originated from the mutation of the genetic material of the original coronavirus. This has raised the demand for efficient treatment/therapy to manage newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infections successfully. However, different types of vaccines have been developed and administered to patients but need more attention because COVID-19 is not under complete control. In this article, currently developed nanotechnology-based vaccines are explored, such as inactivated virus vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, S-protein-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, etc. One of the important aspects of vaccines is their administration inside the host body wherein nanotechnology can play a very crucial role. Currently, more than 26 nanotechnology-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates are in various phases of clinical trials. Nanotechnology is one of the growing fields in drug discovery and drug delivery that can also be used for the tackling of coronavirus. Nanotechnology can be used in various ways to design and develop tools and strategies for detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic and vaccine development to protect against COVID-19. The design of instruments for speedy, precise, and sensitive diagnosis, the fabrication of potent sanitizers, the delivery of extracellular antigenic components or mRNA-based vaccines into human tissues, and the administration of antiretroviral medicines into the organism are nanotechnology-based strategies for COVID-19 management. Herein, we discuss the application of nanotechnology in COVID-19 vaccine development and the challenges and opportunities in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jashanpreet Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Sciences, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (R.K.)
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3
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Wang Y, Wang S, Tao X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen N, Hu C, Wang H, Yu S, Sheng R. The SAR-based development of small molecular HBV capsid assembly modulators. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Gao L, Yang J, Feng J, Liu Z, Dong Y, Luo J, Yu L, Wang J, Fan H, Ma W, Liu T. PreS/2-21-Guided siRNA Nanoparticles Target to Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856463. [PMID: 35572586 PMCID: PMC9098953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable therapy is needed to overcome the deadlock of the incurable chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The prolonged existence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV DNA in the nucleus of hepatocytes is the root cause of CHB. As a result, it is critical to successfully suppress HBV DNA replication and eliminate cccDNA. RNA interference has been proven in recent research to silence the expression of target genes and thereby decrease HBV replication. However, siRNA is susceptible to be degraded by RNA enzymes in vivo, making it difficult to deliver successfully and lacking of tissue targeting. To exploit the advantages of siRNA technology while also overcoming its limitations, we designed a new strategy and prepared biomimetic nanoparticles that were directed by PreS/2-21 peptides and precisely loaded HBV siRNA. Experiments on these nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo revealed that they are tiny, stable, safe and highly targetable, with high inhibitory effects on HBV DNA, pgRNA, cccDNA, HBeAg and HBsAg. PreS/2-21-directed nanoparticles loaded with HBV gene therapy drugs are expected to be promising for the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jutao Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Luo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhentian Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tiancai Liu, ; Weifeng Ma,
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tiancai Liu, ; Weifeng Ma,
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Yang D. Application of Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:623-649. [PMID: 33531805 PMCID: PMC7847377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been prevalent worldwide for almost a year. In early 2000, there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV, and in early 2010, a similar dissemination of infection by MERS-CoV occurred. However, no clear explanation for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a massive increase in the number of infections has yet been proposed. The best solution to overcome this pandemic is the development of suitable and effective vaccines and therapeutics. Fortunately, for SARS-CoV-2, the genome sequence and protein structure have been published in a short period, making research and development for prevention and treatment relatively easy. In addition, intranasal drug delivery has proven to be an effective method of administration for treating viral lung diseases. In recent years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been applied to intranasal drug delivery to overcome various limitations that occur during mucosal administration, and advances have been made to the stage where effective drug delivery is possible. This review describes the accumulated knowledge of the previous SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and aims to help understand the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it elucidates the achievements in developing COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics to date through existing approaches. Finally, the applicable nanotechnology approach is described in detail, and vaccines and therapeutic drugs developed based on nanomedicine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, have presented the potential to become innovative alternatives for overcoming COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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6
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Efficacy of Nucleotide/Nucleoside Analogues and Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Therapy in Blocking Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in an Eastern Chinese Group. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2020; 2020:4305950. [PMID: 33380780 PMCID: PMC7759418 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4305950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and potential side-effects of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues and hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection of newborns in blocking mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in the middle and late pregnancy period. 238 cases of enrolled pregnant women were divided into the Telbivudine group, the Tenofovir group, the Lamivudine group, and the hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) group. Enrolled patients received corresponding therapies. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results showed that the levels of HBV DNA of the enrolled pregnant women in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, and Lamivudine groups decreased rapidly after 12 weeks of drug intervention compared with those in the control. HBsAg positive rate in newborns and in children 24 weeks after birth was 0/60, 0/60, 0/60, 3/30, and 11/28 in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, HBIG, and control groups, respectively. No significant side-effects were identified after following up to 12 months after birth. Our results show that routine HBV vaccine plus HBIG injections is insufficient in blocking mother-to-child HBV transmission. Administration of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues or HBIG at pregnancy is suggested to maximize the blocking of vertical HBV transmission.
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Guvenir M, Arikan A. Hepatitis B Virus: From Diagnosis to Treatment. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:391-399. [PMID: 33574867 PMCID: PMC7812357 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection is still a global concern progressing as acute-chronic hepatitis, severe liver failure, and death. The infection is most widely transmitted from the infected mother to a child, with infected blood and body fluids. Pregnant women, adolescents, and all adults at high risk of chronic infection are recommended to be screened for hepatitis B infection. The initial analysis includes serological tests that allow differentiation of acute and chronic hepatitis. Molecular assays performed provide detection and quantification of viral DNA, genotyping, drug resistance, and precore/core mutation analysis to confirm infection and monitor disease progression in chronic hepatitis B patients. All patients with chronic hepatitis B should be treated with antiviral medications and regularly monitored for efficient treatment. The current treatment is based on nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferons that save lives by decreasing liver cancer death, liver transplant, slow or reverse the progression of liver disease as well as the virus infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Guvenir
- Near East University, Vocational School of Health Services, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Ayse Arikan
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
- Near East University, DESAM Institute, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
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8
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Pierra Rouviere C, Dousson CB, Tavis JE. HBV replication inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104815. [PMID: 32380149 PMCID: PMC7293572 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus infections afflict >250 million people and kill nearly 1 million annually. Current non-curative therapies are dominated by nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) that profoundly but incompletely suppress DNA synthesis by the viral reverse transcriptase. Residual HBV replication during NA therapy contributes to maintenance of the critical nuclear reservoir of the HBV genome, the covalently-closed circular DNA, and to ongoing infection of naive cells. Identification of next-generation NAs with improved efficacy and safety profiles, often through novel prodrug approaches, is the primary thrust of ongoing efforts to improve HBV replication inhibitors. Inhibitors of the HBV ribonuclease H, the other viral enzymatic activity essential for viral genomic replication, are in preclinical development. The complexity of HBV's reverse transcription pathway offers many other potential targets. HBV's protein-priming of reverse transcription has been briefly explored as a potential target, as have the host chaperones necessary for function of the HBV reverse transcriptase. Improved inhibitors of HBV reverse transcription would reduce HBV's replication-dependent persistence mechanisms and are therefore expected to become a backbone of future curative combination anti-HBV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyril B Dousson
- Ai-biopharma, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Montpellier, France.
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Yonezawa S, Koide H, Asai T. Recent advances in siRNA delivery mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:64-78. [PMID: 32768564 PMCID: PMC7406478 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been expected to be a unique pharmaceutic for the treatment of broad-spectrum intractable diseases. However, its unfavorable properties such as easy degradation in the blood and negative-charge density are still a formidable barrier for clinical use. For disruption of this barrier, siRNA delivery technology has been significantly advanced in the past two decades. The approval of Patisiran (ONPATTRO™) for the treatment of transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, the first approved siRNA drug, is a most important milestone. Since lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) are used in Patisiran, LNP-based siRNA delivery is now of significant interest for the development of the next siRNA formulation. In this review, we describe the design of LNPs for the improvement of siRNA properties, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Recently, a number of siRNA-encapsulated LNPs were reported for the treatment of intractable diseases such as cancer, viral infection, inflammatory neurological disorder, and genetic diseases. We believe that these contributions address and will promote the development of an effective LNP-based siRNA delivery system and siRNA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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10
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Ciclopirox inhibits Hepatitis B Virus secretion by blocking capsid assembly. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2184. [PMID: 31097716 PMCID: PMC6522524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is therefore a serious public health problem. Infected patients are currently treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs and interferon α, but this approach is not curative. Here, we screen 978 FDA-approved compounds for their ability to inhibit HBV replication in HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells. We find that ciclopirox, a synthetic antifungal agent, strongly inhibits HBV replication in cells and in mice by blocking HBV capsid assembly. The crystal structure of the HBV core protein and ciclopirox complex reveals a unique binding mode at dimer-dimer interfaces. Ciclopirox synergizes with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs to prevent HBV replication in cells and in a humanized liver mouse model. Therefore, orally-administered ciclopirox may provide a novel opportunity to combat chronic HBV infection by blocking HBV capsid assembly.
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Anikhindi SA, Kumar A, Sharma P, Singla V, Bansal N, Arora A. Ideal Cure for Hepatitis B Infection: The Target is in Sight. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:188-194. [PMID: 29892183 PMCID: PMC5992304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite recent strides in pharmacotherapy, complete cure of HBV infection still remains an enigma. The biggest obstacle in HBV therapy is clearance of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (cccDNA). We discuss about the role of cccDNA in HBV life cycle, efficacy and shortcomings of currently available antivirals as well as promising novel targets to achieve ideal HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrihari A. Anikhindi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Singla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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12
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Singh US, Mulamoottil VA, Chu CK. 2′-Fluoro-6′-methylene carbocyclic adenosine and its phosphoramidate prodrug: A novel anti-HBV agent, active against drug-resistant HBV mutants. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:977-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma S. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | | | - Chung K. Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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Qiu J, Gong Q, Gao J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Tang D. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel phenyl propionamide derivatives as non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:424-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park SH, Park KS, Kim NH, Cho JY, Koh MS, Lee JH. Clevudine Induced Mitochondrial Myopathy. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1857-1860. [PMID: 28960041 PMCID: PMC5639069 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.11.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clevudine was approved as an antiviral agent for hepatitis B virus, which showed marked, rapid inhibition of virus replication without significant toxicity. However, several studies have reported myopathy associated with clevudine therapy. Also, we experienced seven patients who suffered from myopathy during clevudine therapy. To characterize clevudine-induced myopathy, we collected previously reported cases of clevudine myopathy and analyzed all the cases including our cases. We searched electronic databases that were published in English or Korean using PubMed and KoreaMed. Ninety-five cases with clevudine myopathy, including our seven cases, were selected and analyzed for the demographic data, clinical features, and pathologic findings. The 95 patients with clevudine-induced myopathy comprised 52 women and 43 men aged 48.9 years (27-76 years). The patients received clevudine therapy for about 14.2 months (5-24 months) before the development of symptoms. Weakness mainly involved proximal extremities, especially in the lower extremities, and bulbar and neck weakness were observed in some cases (13.7%). Creatine kinase was elevated in the majority of patients (97.9%). Myopathic patterns on electromyography were observed in most patients examined (98.1%). Muscle biopsy presented patterns compatible with mitochondrial myopathy in the majority (90.2%). The weakness usually improved within about 3 months after the discontinuation of clevudine. Though clevudine has been known to be safe in a 6-month clinical trial, longer clevudine therapy for about 14 months may cause reversible mitochondrial myopathy. Careful clinical attention should be paid to patients with long-term clevudine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Joong Yang Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Koh
- Department of Hepatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Hepatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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15
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Øvergård AC, Hamre LA, Kongshaug H, Nilsen F. RNAi-mediated treatment of two vertically transmitted rhabdovirus infecting the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Sci Rep 2017; 7:14030. [PMID: 29070796 PMCID: PMC5656668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoviruses are a family of enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses infecting a variety of hosts. Recently, two vertically transmitted salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) rhabdoviruses (LsRV) have been identified. The prevalence of these viruses was measured along the Norwegian coast and found to be close to 100%, and with the present lack of suitable cell lines to propagate these viruses, it is challenging to obtain material to study their host impact and infection routes. Thus, virus free lice strains were established from virus infected lice carrying one or both LsRVs by treating them with N protein dsRNA twice during development. The viral replication of the N protein was specifically down-regulated following introduction of virus-specific dsRNA, and virus-free lice strains were maintained for several generations. A preliminary study on infection routes suggested that the LsRV-No9 is maternally transmitted, and that the virus transmits from males to females horizontally. The ability to produce virus free strains allows for further studies on transmission modes and how these viruses influences on the L.salmonis interaction with its salmonid host. Moreover, this study provides a general fundament for future studies on how vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses influence the biology of their arthropod hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina-Cathrine Øvergård
- SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Pb. 7803, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lars Are Hamre
- SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Pb. 7803, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Kongshaug
- SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Pb. 7803, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Pb. 7803, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
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Takizawa N, Yamasaki M. Current landscape and future prospects of antiviral drugs derived from microbial products. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017115. [PMID: 29018267 PMCID: PMC7091927 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a major global health threat. Over the last 50 years, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of antiviral drugs and great success has been achieved for some viruses. However, other virus infections, such as epidemic influenza, still spread globally and new threats continue to arise from emerging and re-emerging viruses and drug-resistant viruses. In this review, the contributions of microbial products isolated in Institute of Microbial Chemistry for antiviral research are summarized. In addition, the current state of development of antiviral drugs that target influenza virus and hepatitis B virus, and the future prospects for antivirals from natural products are described and discussed.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 11 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takizawa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo Japan
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Design, synthesis and primary biological evaluation of the novel 2-pyridone derivatives as potent non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:144-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Singh L, Kruger HG, Maguire GE, Govender T, Parboosing R. The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of viral infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2017; 4:105-131. [PMID: 28748089 PMCID: PMC5507392 DOI: 10.1177/2049936117713593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with viruses in particular making global impact on healthcare and socioeconomic development. In addition, the rapid development of drug resistance to currently available therapies and adverse side effects due to prolonged use is a serious public health concern. The development of novel treatment strategies is therefore required. The interaction of nanostructures with microorganisms is fast-revolutionizing the biomedical field by offering advantages in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nanoparticles offer unique physical properties that have associated benefits for drug delivery. These are predominantly due to the particle size (which affects bioavailability and circulation time), large surface area to volume ratio (enhanced solubility compared to larger particles), tunable surface charge of the particle with the possibility of encapsulation, and large drug payloads that can be accommodated. These properties, which are unlike bulk materials of the same compositions, make nanoparticulate drug delivery systems ideal candidates to explore in order to achieve and/or improve therapeutic effects. This review presents a broad overview of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of common viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Singh
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Glenn E.M. Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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19
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Understanding the Complex Patterns Observed during Hepatitis B Virus Therapy. Viruses 2017; 9:v9050117. [PMID: 28534812 PMCID: PMC5454429 DOI: 10.3390/v9050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from human clinical trials have shown that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) follows complex profiles, such as bi-phasic, tri-phasic, stepwise decay and rebound. We utilized a deterministic model of HBV kinetics following antiviral therapy to uncover the mechanistic interactions behind HBV dynamics. Analytical investigation of the model was used to separate the parameter space describing virus decay and rebound. Monte Carlo sampling of the parameter space was used to determine the virological, pharmacological and immunological factors that separate the bi-phasic and tri-phasic virus profiles. We found that the level of liver infection at the start of therapy best separates the decay patterns. Moreover, drug efficacy, ratio between division of uninfected and infected cells, and the strength of cytotoxic immune response are important in assessing the amount of liver damage experienced over time and in quantifying the duration of therapy leading to virus resolution in each of the observed profiles.
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Mansha S, Imran M, Shah AMUH, Jamal M, Ahmed F, Atif M, Saleem M, Safi SZ, Fatima Z, Bilal Waqar A. Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected People Who Inject Drugs in Lahore, Pakistan. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:366-370. [PMID: 28346804 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major cause of the global burden of hepatitis. One of the main routes of transmission for both viruses is through exposure to infected blood, which includes sharing blood-contaminated syringes and needles. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and results in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and opportunistic infections. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of HBV and HCV infections among HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID). The study enrolled 100 PWID from different addiction centers of the city of Lahore in Pakistan. All subjects were HIV-infected males and were above 16 years of age. Screening of HBV and HCV infections was performed through immunochromatography tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The prevalence of HCV and HBV infections among the 100 HIV-infected PWID was 55% and 6%, respectively. HIV monoinfection was found in 37% of the subjects, while triple infection was detected in 2% of the subjects. Majority of the HIV-infected PWID were using heroin and Avil injections (65%). Half of the subjects had used injection drugs for 1-5 years, while 32% had used injection drugs for 6-10 years. HCV infection was more common than HBV infection among the enrolled subjects. Most of the PWID were practicing heroin and Avil injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mansha
- 1 Department of Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Miraj Ul Hussain Shah
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University , Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Ahmed
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammmad Saleem
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- 4 Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Fatima
- 5 Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging (DRSMI), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
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Yuan T, Jiang Y, Li M, Li W. Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance-related immune factors. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:49-59. [PMID: 27084584 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate aims of the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection are the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion. Unfortunately, these goals are rarely reached. Many factors are associated with HBsAg seroconversion, including genetic, immune, and viral factors. However, the mechanism of HBsAg seroclearance, and particularly the immune mechanism, is still difficult to elucidate. The immune factor interferon-α is currently the main antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. However, a sustained shift from response of HBsAg to hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion is rarely obtained. Recent studies have revealed that several of the newly identified immune factors are closely related to the removal of HBsAg. In this article, we review recent studies on these immune factors, their influence on hepatitis B progression, and HBsAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Tu J, Li JJ, Shan ZJ, Zhai HL. Exploring the binding mechanism of Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines and Hepatitis B Virus capsid combined 3D-QSAR and molecular dynamics. Antiviral Res 2017; 137:151-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Li Y, Wu Y, Zheng X, Cong J, Liu Y, Li J, Sun R, Tian ZG, Wei HM. Cytoplasm-Translocated Ku70/80 Complex Sensing of HBV DNA Induces Hepatitis-Associated Chemokine Secretion. Front Immunol 2016; 7:569. [PMID: 27994596 PMCID: PMC5136554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious disease, mainly due to its severe pathological consequences, which are difficult to cure using current therapies. When the immune system responds to hepatocytes experiencing rapid HBV replication, effector cells (such as HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and other subtypes of immune cells) infiltrate the liver and cause hepatitis. However, the precise recruitment of these cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the cytoplasm-translocated Ku70/80 complex in liver-derived cells sensed cytosolic HBV DNA and promoted hepatitis-associated chemokine secretion. Upon sensing HBV DNA, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and PARP1 were assembled. Then, IRF1 was activated and translocated into the nucleus, which upregulated CCL3 and CCL5 expression. Because CCR5, a major chemokine receptor for CCL3 and CCL5, is known to be critical in hepatitis B, Ku70/80 sensing of HBV DNA likely plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment in response to HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Cong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Rui Sun
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang G Tian
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming M Wei
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
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24
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Effect of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Induced by Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus on Different Hepatitis B Virus Genes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.42685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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25
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Boucle S, Bassit L, Ehteshami M, Schinazi RF. Toward Elimination of Hepatitis B Virus Using Novel Drugs, Approaches, and Combined Modalities. Clin Liver Dis 2016; 20:737-749. [PMID: 27742011 PMCID: PMC5119551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The majority of chronically infected individuals do not achieve a functional and complete cure. Treated persons who achieve a long-term sustained virologic response (undetectable HBV DNA), are still at high risk of developing morbidity and mortality from liver complications. This review focuses on novel, mechanistically diverse anti-HBV therapeutic strategies currently in development or in clinical evaluation, and highlights new combination strategies that may contribute to full elimination of HBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA from the infected liver, leading to a complete cure of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Boucle
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Maryam Ehteshami
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhuang Y. Hepatitis B patients exhibiting mild alanine aminotransferase elevation: A comparative analysis of treatment with and without Bicyclol tablets. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:595-600. [PMID: 27882223 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the medicinal effect of Bicyclol tablets on patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and concomitant mild alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation (40-80 IU/l). A retrospective cohort study, which included patients from the hospital information system (HIS; established by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) viral hepatitis database comprised of 18 third-grade class A hospitals in China, was performed. Patients were divided into an exposed group (administered with Bicyclol tablets) and a non-exposed group (no administration of Bicyclol tablets). The CHB patients that exhibited mild ALT elevation provided the curative effect analysis data set, and the patients with viral hepatitis who underwent more than two creatinine/hemoglobin/leucocyte examinations served as the safety analysis data set. The factors influencing ALT normalization rate were analyzed and the safety of Bicyclol tablets was assessed. In total, 82 pairs of patients were included in the curative effect analysis, and single factor analysis revealed that the ALT normalization rate of the exposed group was statistically significantly higher than that of the non-exposed group (P=0.040) for patients with mild ALT elevation. After adjusting for patient age, gender, baseline ALT levels, state of illness upon admission, pattern of hospitalization, hospitalization days and drug combination, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the ALT normalization rate of the exposed group was 2.156 (1.103-4.215) when compared with the non-exposed group. During treatment, the occurrence rates of creatinine/hemoglobin/leucocyte level abnormalities of the exposed group, which were included in the safety analysis were statistically significantly lower than those of the non-exposed group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that Bicyclol tablets improve the ALT normalization rate of CHB patients exhibiting mild ALT elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China; Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Center of Computer Management, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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28
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Leng XJ, Yan XB. Status and development of anti-HBV drugs based on "HBF drug watch". Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2336-2346. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i15.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health threat globally. Present therapies can only suppress viral replication instead of viral elimination. With the application of direct anti-viral agents (DAAs) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, many pharmaceutical industries pay their attention to investigating anti-HBV drugs. As a result, the update of anti-HBV drugs at the website http://www.hepb.org/professionals/hbf_drug_watch.htm speeds up. In this review, we summarize all the drugs available in the market and those in clinical trials based on this website.
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Fung J, Lai CL, Seto WK, Yuen MF. Emerging drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:183-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2016.1162155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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