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Lyu S, Zhong S, Luo Y, Yan S, Ran H, Duan M, Song K, Ye K, Miao H, Hu Y, Song Z, Lai S, Zhang Y, He J, Zhu Y, Jia Y. Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training for adolescents with depressive episodes: A pilot randomized controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116144. [PMID: 39167866 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in depression, yet few intervention strategies target adolescents. This study investigated the effects of an attention and working memory cognitive training system based on virtual reality (VRCT) in adolescents with mild to moderate depressive episodes. Adolescents with depression were randomized into a VR training group (VRG, n = 47) or a waitlist control group (WT, n = 46). The VR training consisted of three 10-min tasks per session, conducted three sessions per week for 20 sessions over 7 weeks. Forty-four healthy adolescents participated as a comparison group for baseline cognitive assessment. Cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment system, driven by the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing theory, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 at pre- and post-intervention. Baseline results indicated significantly lower cognitive scores in patients compared to healthy adolescents. Post-intervention, the VRG demonstrated significant improvements in all four cognitive scales (effect sizes 0.56 to 0.76) and a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the WT. These findings suggest that VRCT holds potential for improving cognitive impairments and alleviating depressive symptoms in adolescents with depression. Further large-scale and follow-up studies are necessary to confirm long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yange Luo
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuya Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hanglin Ran
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Manying Duan
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kailin Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kaiwei Ye
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haofei Miao
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijin Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Wu Q, Yan Y, La R, Zhang X, Lu L, Xie R, Xue Y, Lin C, Xu W, Xu J, Huang L. Association of reproductive lifespan and age at menopause with depression: Data from NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:519-527. [PMID: 38657760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between reproductive lifespan and depression in older women is unclear. We conducted this analysis to explore whether a shorter reproductive lifespan is associated with higher odds of depression, while also considering the age at menarche and age at menopause. METHODS This observational study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted between 2005 and 2018. Reproductive lifespan was defined as years from age at menarche to age at menopause. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the association of reproductive life span, age at menarche and age at menopause with the incidence of depression. RESULTS Totally, 2947 patients aged 60 and above were enrolled in the trial, with 241 individuals (8.18 %) diagnosed with depression. Higher odds of depression were found to be significantly correlated with a shorter reproductive lifespan [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95 % Confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-0.98] or an earlier ager at menopause (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.92-0.99), according to the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis after full adjustment. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests indicated a similar association. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study could not yield any conclusions regarding causality. CONCLUSION In this large cross-sectional study, our result suggested that populations with a shorter reproductive lifespan or an earlier age at menopause were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms in older U.S. women. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted for a comprehensive analysis of the role of the reproductive lifespan and age at menopause in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui La
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchen Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongliao City Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yulun Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangnan Xu
- Department of Urology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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Godara M, Hecht M, Singer T. Training-related improvements in mental well-being through reduction in negative interpretation bias: A randomized trial of online socio-emotional dyadic and mindfulness interventions. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:662-672. [PMID: 38484880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of online contemplative practices, especially partner-based practices, on psychological well-being remain mixed, with sparse understanding of potential affective-cognitive mechanisms. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of two online contemplative interventions in improving depression, anxiety, emotion regulation (ER), and resilience, and to evaluate the mechanistic role of negative attention and interpretation biases. METHODS Employing a randomized controlled design (n = 285), we compared the efficacy of 10-week online mindfulness-based and partner-based socio-emotional dyadic interventions, both supported by weekly coaching sessions. Mental health aspects were assessed using validated self-report measures and negative biases using the mouse-contingent Scrambled Sentences Task. RESULTS Both interventions, compared to waitlist control, led to reductions in depression and ER difficulties, while trait anxiety decreased only after mindfulness training. Increases in multidimensional resilience were observed only after socio-emotional training and in stress recovery only after mindfulness-based training, both compared to waitlist control. Socio-emotional training led to significant reductions in negative interpretation bias and this mediated reductions in depression and trait anxiety. Neither training led to reductions in state anxiety or negative attention bias. LIMITATIONS The subclinical nature and overrepresentation of females in the sample limits generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that online mindfulness-based and socio-emotional partner-based interventions, supported by online coaching sessions, can reduce depression and ER difficulties. Though mindfulness practice reduced trait anxiety and enhanced stress recovery, socio-emotional training increased multidimensional resilience. Socio-emotional training reduced negative interpretation bias, which emerged as an intervention-specific mechanism. These findings highlight the potential benefits of online contemplative intervention approaches for psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Hecht
- Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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De Smet S, Int-Veen I, Vanhollebeke G, Pulopulos MM, Barth B, Pasche S, Baeken C, Nuerk HC, Plewnia C, Nieratschker V, Jochen Fallgatter A, Ehlis AC, Vanderhasselt MA, Rosenbaum D. Trait-dependent effects of theta burst stimulation after psychosocial stress: a sham-controlled study in healthy individuals. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:235-247. [PMID: 38556367 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) might be a promising approach to modulate stress-reactive rumination and the associated psychophysiological stress response. Crucially, individuals showing higher levels of trait rumination might benefit more from prefrontal stimulation. METHODS In this sham-controlled study, 127 healthy individuals, with varying ruminative tendencies, received a single-session of intermittent TBS (iTBS), continuous TBS (cTBS) or sham TBS (sTBS) over the left DLPFC before being confronted with a Trier Social Stress Test. RESULTS Results showed significant TBS effects on salivary cortisol as a function of trait rumination. cTBS, as compared to sTBS and iTBS, resulted in an attenuated stress-induced cortisol response in high compared to low trait ruminators. Although independent of trait rumination levels, cTBS showed positive effects on stress-related changes in mood and, both cTBS and iTBS (versus sham) presented an enhanced heart rate recovery following the stressor. We found no evidence for (trait rumination-dependent) TBS effects on stress-reactive rumination, negative affect, subjective stress or heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS cTBS shows beneficial effects on certain measures of stress, especially in high trait ruminators. SIGNIFICANCE These findings highlight the importance of accounting for individual differences when examining TBS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Smet
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium; Brain Stimulation and Cognition (BSC) Lab, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabell Int-Veen
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gert Vanhollebeke
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Belgium; Medical Imaging and Signal Processing (MEDISIP) Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beatrix Barth
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Sarah Pasche
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Plewnia
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Andreas Jochen Fallgatter
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Tamm G, Koster EHW, Hoorelbeke K. Multiple paths to rumination within a network analytical framework. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10874. [PMID: 38740852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Theories of rumination have proposed different psychological factors to place one at risk for repetitive negative thinking. A comprehensive empirical test that captures the most relevant contributors to rumination is lacking. Building on influential self-regulatory and metacognitive frameworks, we modeled how key constructs in this context relate to ruminative thinking. 498 participants completed online questionnaires including indicators of rumination, metacognition, promotion goal orientation, effortful control, and depression. We estimated regularized partial correlation networks to investigate unique associations between the different constructs and followed these analyses up with directed acyclic graphs to identify potential pathways towards rumination. Results demonstrated that: (1) both self-regulatory and metacognitive factors were directly linked to rumination, amongst these were (2) positive beliefs, negative beliefs about uncontrollability and harm, cognitive self-consciousness, depression, effortful control, perfectionism, and (lack of) cognitive confidence, and (3) we identified multiple directed pathways, suggesting three direct contributors to rumination while controlling for the influence of all other variables: diminished effortful control, positive beliefs, and cognitive self-consciousness. This study is the first to comprehensively assess metacognitive and self-regulatory frameworks of rumination in a data-driven manner. Our findings suggest that there are multiple pathways towards rumination, which should be incorporated in clinical case conceptualization of rumination and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly Tamm
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Lab (PANlab), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Lab (PANlab), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Lab (PANlab), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Greenaway AM, Hwang F, Nasuto S, Ho AK. Rumination in dementia and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and attentional biases. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38461459 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2327679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Rumination (self-referential and repetitive thinking), attentional biases (AB), and impaired cognitive control are theorized as being integral factors in depression and anxiety. Yet, research examining the relationship between rumination, mood, and AB for populations with reduced cognitive control, e.g., people living with dementia (PwD), is lacking. To explore whether literature-based relationships are demonstrated in dementia, PwD (n = 64) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 75) completed an online self-report survey measuring rumination and mood (twice), and a telephone cognitive status interview (once). Rumination was measured as an emotion-regulation style, thinking style, and response to depression. We examined the test-retest reliability of PwD's (n = 50) ruminative-scale responses, ruminative-scale internal consistency, and correlations between rumination, age, cognitive ability, and mood scores. Also, nine participants (PwD = 6, HC = 3) completed an AB measure via eye-tracking. Participants fixated on a cross, naturally viewed pairs of facial images conveying sad, angry, happy, and neutral emotions, and then fixated on a dot. Exploratory analyses of emotional-face dwell-times versus rumination and mood scores were conducted. Except for the HC group's reflective response to depression measure, rumination measures were reliable, and correlation strengths between rumination and mood scores (.29 to .79) were in line with literature for both groups. For the AB measure subgroup, ruminative thinking style scores and angry-face metrics were negatively correlated. The results of this study show that literature-based relationships between rumination, depression, and anxiety are demonstrated in dementia, but the relationship between rumination and AB requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Greenaway
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Faustina Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Slawomir Nasuto
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Aileen K Ho
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
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Vander Zwalmen Y, Liebaert E, Hoorelbeke K, de Mévergnies CN, Baeken C, Verhaeghe N, Koster EHW. Treatment Response Following Adaptive PASAT Training for Depression Vulnerability: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:232-249. [PMID: 36853526 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cognitive control training (CCT) has gained momentum as an intervention to remediate cognitive impairments and decrease depressive symptoms. One promising operationalization to train cognitive control is the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (aPASAT). In this systematic review and meta-analysis of aPASAT training, the efficacy of the intervention and potential moderators were examined. The PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for studies examining aPASAT training for depressive symptomatology or rumination. Nineteen studies (n = 1255) were included, comprising of depressed patients, remitted depressed patients, at-risk, and healthy participants. We found small significant effects directly after training for both depressive symptomatology and rumination, with similar effect sizes at follow-up. Subgroup analyses suggest a significantly higher mean effect of aPASAT training in non-healthy populations for rumination immediately following training, but not for depressive symptomatology. The amount of training sessions did not moderate effects of CCT. aPASAT has a small but significant effect on depressive symptoms, with direct effects immediately after training, as well as sustained long-term effects. It is currently unclear how many sessions are required for sustained effects due to heterogeneity in training dosage and absence of sufficient trials. Our results suggest that aPASAT training may be most effective for at-risk, remitted- and clinically depressed populations. The effect sizes resulting from this meta-analysis could be used to adequately power future research, which could investigate a dose-response relationship and examine potential treatment gains when combining CCT with other antidepressant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Eveline Liebaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Constance Nève de Mévergnies
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Group Social and Economic Policy and Social Inclusion, HIVA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Chen Q, Bonduelle SLB, Wu GR, Vanderhasselt MA, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Unraveling how the adolescent brain deals with criticism using dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 2024; 286:120510. [PMID: 38184159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to criticism, which can be defined as a negative evaluation that a person receives from someone else, is considered a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. They may be more vulnerable to social evaluation than adults and exhibit more inadequate emotion regulation strategies such as rumination. The neural network involved in dealing with criticism in adolescents may serve as a biomarker for vulnerability to depression. However, the directions of the functional interactions between the brain regions within this neural network in adolescents are still unclear. In this study, 64 healthy adolescents (aged 14 to 17 years) were asked to listen to a series of self-referential auditory segments, which included negative (critical), positive (praising), and neutral conditions, during fMRI scanning. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) with Parametric Empirical Bayesian (PEB) analysis was performed to map the interactions within the neural network that was engaged during the processing of these segments. Three regions were identified to form the interaction network: the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the right precuneus (preCUN). We quantified the modulatory effects of exposure to criticism and praise on the effective connectivity between these brain regions. Being criticized was found to significantly inhibit the effective connectivity from the preCUN to the DLPFC. Adolescents who scored high on the Perceived Criticism Measure (PCM) showed less inhibition of the preCUN-to-DLPFC connectivity when being criticized, which may indicate that they required more engagement of the Central Executive Network (which includes the DLPFC) to sufficiently disengage from negative self-referential processing. Furthermore, the inhibitory connectivity from the DLPFC to the pgACC was strengthened by exposure to praise as well as criticism, suggesting a recruitment of cognitive control over emotional responses when dealing with positive and negative evaluative feedback. Our novel findings contribute to a more profound understanding of how criticism affects the adolescent brain and can help to identify potential biomarkers for vulnerability to develop mood disorders before or during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sam Luc Bart Bonduelle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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9
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Greenaway AM, Hwang F, Nasuto S, Ho A. Webcam-Based Eye-Tracking of Attentional Biases in Alzheimer's Disease: A Proof-Of-Concept Study. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:98-109. [PMID: 37515584 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2240783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure home-based older adults' attentional biases (AB) using webcam-based eye-tracking (WBET) and examine internal consistency. METHODS Twelve participants with and without cognitive impairment completed online self-report anxiety and depression screens, and a 96-trial dot-probe task with eye-gaze tracking. For each trial, participants fixated on a cross, free-viewed sad-neutral, sad-angry, sad-happy, angry-neutral, angry-happy, and happy-neutral facial expression pairings, and then fixated on a dot. In emotional-neutral pairings, the time spent looking (dwell-time) at neutral was averaged and subtracted from the emotional average to indicate biases "away from" (negative score) and "toward" (positive score) each emotional face. Internal consistency was estimated for dwell-times and bias scores using Cronbach's alpha and Spearman - Brown corrected split-half coefficients. RESULTS The full-cohort and a comorbid anxious and depressed sub-group (n = 6) displayed AB away from sad faces, and toward angry and happy faces, with happy-face AB being more pronounced. AB indices demonstrated low reliability except sub-group happy-face indices. Happy-face AB demonstrated the highest reliability. CONCLUSIONS AB measures were in-line with lab-based eye-tracking literature, providing some support for WBET-based measurement. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Establishing the feasibility of WBET-based measures is a step toward an objective home-based clinical tool. Literature-based suggestions are provided to improve reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Greenaway
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Faustina Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Slawomir Nasuto
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Aileen Ho
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
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Vasupanrajit A, Maes M, Jirakran K, Tunvirachaisakul C. Brooding and neuroticism are strongly interrelated manifestations of the phenome of depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1249839. [PMID: 38188051 PMCID: PMC10766685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1249839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We found that neuroticism may be identified as a subclinical manifestation of the phenome of depression, comprising depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Rumination is positively associated with depression and neuroticism and may mediate the effects of neuroticism on depression. This study aimed to determine whether rumination or its components, including brooding or reflection, mediate the effects of neuroticism on depression or, alternatively, whether both neuroticism and rumination are manifestations of the phenome of depression. Methods This study recruited 74 depressed subjects and 44 healthy controls. The depression group was split into groups with high versus low brooding scores. We used partial least squares (PLS) to examine mediation effects. Results We found that brooding and reflection scores are significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. Patients with higher brooding scores have increased severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, neuroticism, and current suicidal ideation as compared with patients with lower brooding scores and controls. There is a strong positive association between rumination, and neuroticism, depression, anxiety, and lifetime and current suicidal behaviors. PLS analysis shows that brooding does not mediate the effects of neuroticism on the depression phenome because no discriminant validity could be established between neuroticism and brooding, or between neuroticism and brooding and the depression phenome. We were able to extract one validated latent vector from brooding and neuroticism, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and current suicidal behaviors. Conclusion Overall, this study supports the theory that rumination and neuroticism are reflective manifestations of the phenome of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D. Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D. Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D. Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ph.D. Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Qiu S, Luo X, Luo Y, Wei D, Mei G. State-dependent alterations of implicit emotional dominance during binocular rivalry in subthreshold depression. Psych J 2023; 12:809-823. [PMID: 37905936 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Binocular rivalry, a visual perception phenomenon where two or more percepts alternate every few seconds when distinct stimuli are presented to the two eyes, has been reported as a biomarker in several psychiatric disorders. It is unclear whether abnormalities of binocular rivalry in depression could occur when emotional rivaling stimuli are used, and if so, whether an emotional binocular rivalry test could provide a trait-dependent or state-dependent biomarker. In the current study, 34 individuals with subthreshold depression and 31 non-depressed individuals performed a binocular rivalry task associated with implicit emotional processing. Participants were required to report their perceived orientations of the rival gratings in the foreground and to neglect emotional face stimuli in the background. The participants were retested after an approximately 4-month time interval. Compared to the non-depressed group, the subthreshold depression group showed significantly longer perceptual dominance durations of the grating with emotional faces as the background (i.e., implicit emotional dominance) at the initial assessment. However, the abnormality was not found at the follow-up assessment. More importantly, we found smaller changes in depressive severity at the follow-up assessment for individuals displaying longer emotional dominance at the initial assessment than for individuals with weaker emotional dominance. The current emotional binocular rivalry test may provide an objective, state-dependent biomarker for distinguishing individuals with subthreshold depression from non-depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Qiu
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Pujo JM, Fitriani DY, Ben Saad H, Ghariani M, Dghim A, Mellouli M, Burin A, Mutricy R, Houcke S, Roujansky A, Mansyur M, Nkontcho F, de Toffol B, Ben Amara I, Kallel H. The effects of prolonged stress exposure on the brain of rats and insights to understand the impact of work-related stress on caregivers. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1288814. [PMID: 38098499 PMCID: PMC10720043 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1288814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress exposure is a significant concern in the healthcare sector. This animal model study aims to reproduce caregivers' working conditions and determine their impact on the brain. Method Twenty-four healthy male rats of the Wistar strain were divided into four groups. Three groups were submitted each to one stressor for 21 days, while the fourth group was used as a control. Stressors were food and water deprivation (FW), permanent illumination (PI), and forced swimming (FS). At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized, and stress biomarkers, biological parameters, and DNA damage were measured. Results Prooxidant biomarker rates increased in the different groups (+50 to +75%) compared to the control (p < 0.0001). Urinary corticosterone rates increased in all stressed animals, mainly in the PI group, with changes of up to +50% compared to the control group. Acetylcholinesterase levels decreased to -50% (p < 0.0001 for the three exposed groups). Total ATPase, (Na+/K+)-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase activities decreased in all stressed groups. The percentage of brain cell congestion and apoptosis was 3% for the FW group (p < 0.0001), 2% for the PI group (p < 0.0001), and 4% for the FS group (p < 0.0001) compared to the control (0.8%). DNA damage was observed in all exposed groups. Finally, we noticed behavioral changes and a depression-like syndrome in all stressed rats. Conclusion Stressful conditions such as the working environment of caregivers can trigger several pathophysiological processes leading to oxidative, neurochemical, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders. These changes can progress to cell damage and apoptosis in the brain and trigger psychological and physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marc Pujo
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Dewi Yunia Fitriani
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational Medicine Specialist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hajer Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ghariani
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), LR15CBS07, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Dghim
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Mellouli
- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Antoine Burin
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Remi Mutricy
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stephanie Houcke
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ariane Roujansky
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Muchtaruddin Mansyur
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational Medicine Specialist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Flaubert Nkontcho
- Pharmacy Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Sudol K, Conway C, Szymkowicz SM, Elson D, Kang H, Taylor WD. Cognitive, Disability, and Treatment Outcome Implications of Symptom-Based Phenotyping in Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:919-931. [PMID: 37385899 PMCID: PMC10592463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-life depression is associated with substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation, disability, and response to antidepressant treatment. We examined whether self-report of severity of common symptoms, including anhedonia, apathy, rumination, worry, insomnia, and fatigue were associated with differences in presentation and response to treatment. We also examined whether these symptoms improved during treatment with escitalopram. DESIGN Eighty-nine older adults completed baseline assessments, neuropsychological testing and providing self-reported symptom and disability scales. They then entered an 8-week, placebo-controlled randomized trial of escitalopram, and self-report scales were repeated at the trial's end. Raw symptom scale scores were combined into three standardized symptom phenotypes and models examined how symptom phenotype severity was associated with baseline measures and depression improvement over the trial. RESULTS While rumination/worry appeared independent, severity of apathy/anhedonia and fatigue/insomnia were associated with one another and with greater self-reported disability. Greater fatigue/insomnia was also associated with slower processing speed, while rumination/worry was associated with poorer episodic memory. No symptom phenotype severity score predicted a poorer overall response to escitalopram. In secondary analyses, escitalopram did not improve most phenotypic symptoms more than placebo, aside for greater reductions in worry and total rumination severity. CONCLUSION Deeper symptom phenotype characterization may highlight differences in the clinical presentation of late-life depression. However, when compared to placebo, escitalopram did not improve many of the symptoms assessed. Further work is needed to determine whether symptom phenotypes inform longer-term course of illness, and which treatments may best benefit specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherin Sudol
- The Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine (KS, CC, SMS, DE, WDT), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Catherine Conway
- The Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine (KS, CC, SMS, DE, WDT), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sarah M Szymkowicz
- The Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine (KS, CC, SMS, DE, WDT), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Damian Elson
- The Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine (KS, CC, SMS, DE, WDT), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics (HK), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Warren D Taylor
- The Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive Medicine (KS, CC, SMS, DE, WDT), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Geriatric Research (WDT), Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN.
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14
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Hwang RJ, Chen HJ, Ni LF, Liu TY, Shih YL, Chuang YO. Neurobiological effects of exercise intervention for premenstrual syndrome. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1297-1308. [PMID: 37786666 PMCID: PMC10542049 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 75%-90% of women have varying degrees of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Exercises are recognized to be beneficial to regulate the negative emotions associated with PMS; however, the effects of exercise on sadness inhibition have not yet been investigated from the neurobiological perspective. Purpose This study examined the effects of a single exercise intervention on the neural mechanisms mediating sadness response inhibition at the cortical level using multichannel event-related potential (ERP) recording in women with PMS. Methods Participants performed Go/No-go trials while viewing of sad or neutral images before and after exercise intervention, and changes in the No-go-evoked N200 (N2) ERP component were measured by electroencephalography (EEG) at multiple cortical sites. The associations of PMS Inventory scores with N2 amplitude and latency changes were then examined using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results There were no significant differences in N2 latency and response error rate following exercise compared to baseline. However, women with higher PMS Inventory scores (greater symptom severity) demonstrated significantly lengthen N2 latency at the Fz electrode sites during correct sad face No-go trials after exercise (p < 0.05), which was not the case in the pre-exercise baseline. We detected no significant relationship between the PMS score and N2 amplitude, either pre- or post-exercise. Conclusion Women with higher PMS severity exhibited longer sad N2 latencies as well as slow down the speed of reaction to negative stimuli by exercise, suggesting that the prefrontal emotion regulation network is involved in PMS symptoms and is sensitive to the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jen Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Ni
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wei-Hwa 1st Rd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Liu
- Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Shih
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-O. Chuang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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15
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De Houwer J, Koster EHW. Attentional biases in anxiety and depression: current status and clinical considerations. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:473-474. [PMID: 37713562 PMCID: PMC10503924 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
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16
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Marotta A, Braga M, Fiorio M. Trait-related neural basis of attentional bias to emotions: a tDCS study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1291-1302. [PMID: 37537308 PMCID: PMC10545638 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotional stimuli can strongly bias attention, particularly in individuals with high levels of dispositional negative affect (NA). The current study investigated whether the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region involved in the top-down regulation of emotional processing, plays a different role in controlling attention to emotions, depending on the individual NA. Sham and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was delivered over the right or left PFC while assessing attentional bias (AB) to emotions (happy, angry, sad faces) in individuals with higher and lower trait NA. When tDCS was inactive (sham), individuals with higher trait NA showed AB toward angry and away from sad faces, while individuals with lower trait NA presented with no AB. Right anodal-tDCS abolished the AB toward angry faces and induced an AB toward sad faces in individuals with higher trait NA, while no effect was found in individuals with lower trait NA. Left anodal-tDCS abolished any AB in individuals with higher trait NA and induced an AB away from happy faces in individuals with lower trait NA. These findings confirm a critical role of trait NA in AB to emotions and demonstrate a different involvement of PFC in emotional processing based on dispositional affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marotta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati, 43-37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam Braga
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati, 43-37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Mirta Fiorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati, 43-37131 Verona, Italy
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Mamat Z, Anderson MC. Improving mental health by training the suppression of unwanted thoughts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5292. [PMID: 37729415 PMCID: PMC10511195 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and depression markedly increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with these conditions experience distressing intrusive thoughts, yet conventional therapies often urge them to avoid suppressing their thoughts because intrusions might rebound in intensity and frequency, worsening the disorders. In contrast, we hypothesized that training thought suppression would improve mental health. One hundred and twenty adults from 16 countries underwent 3 days of online training to suppress either fearful or neutral thoughts. No paradoxical increases in fears occurred. Instead, suppression reduced memory for suppressed fears and rendered them less vivid and anxiety provoking. After training, participants reported less anxiety, negative affect, and depression with the latter benefit persisting at 3 months. Participants high in trait anxiety and pandemic-related posttraumatic stress gained the largest and most durable mental health benefits. These findings challenge century-old wisdom that suppressing thoughts is maladaptive, offering an accessible approach to improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkayda Mamat
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael C. Anderson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Umemoto A, Zhou Z, Millon EM, Koshy CS, Taylor SM, Spann MN, Monk C, Marsh R, Rosellini AJ, Auerbach RP. Intergenerational transmission of cognitive control capacity among children at risk for depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108652. [PMID: 37516422 PMCID: PMC10528753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A maternal history of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a well-known risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the mechanism through which familial risk is transmitted remains unclear. Cognitive control alterations are common in MDD, and thus, the current study investigated whether altered control capacity is transmitted intergenerationally, and whether it then contributes to the developmental pathways through which depression is passed from mothers to children. We recruited children (N = 65) ages 4-10-years-old, of which 47.7 % (n = 31) reported a maternal history of MDD, and their biological mother (N = 65). Children performed a child-friendly Go/NoGo task while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded, and mothers performed a Flanker task. Children exhibited heightened sensitivity to error versus correct responses, which was characterized by an error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe) as well as prominent delta and frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations. Interestingly, worse maternal performance on the Flanker task associated with an increased Go/NoGo error rate and a smaller ERN and Pe in children. However, there was no association between maternal or child control indices with child depression symptoms. Our results suggest a familial influence of cognitive control capacity in mother-child dyads, but it remains unclear whether this confers risk for depressive symptoms in children. Further research is necessary to determine whether alterations in cognitive control over time may influence symptom development in at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Umemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M Millon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Koshy
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney M Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa N Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Quinn ME, Shields GS. The Insidious Influence of Stress: An Integrated Model of Stress, Executive Control, and Psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:773-800. [PMID: 37701497 PMCID: PMC10497220 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to acute stress undoubtedly contributes to psychopathology, most individuals do not develop psychopathology following stress exposure. To explain this, biological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress have been implicated, but individual differences in executive control (i.e., top-down control of cognition and behavior) measured in response to stress has only recently emerged as a potential factor contributing to psychopathology. In this review, we introduce a model-the integrated model of stress, executive control, and psychopathology-positing how the impairing effects of acute stress on executive control can contribute to psychopathology. We link to research on biological, emotional, and cognitive processes, all of which can be impacted by executive control, to propose a framework for how poorer executive control under conditions of acute stress can contribute to psychopathology. This integrated model is intended to further our understanding of who is more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress.
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Noreen S, Dritschel B. Thinking about the consequences: The detrimental role of future thinking on intrapersonal problem-solving in depression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289676. [PMID: 37611035 PMCID: PMC10446235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that depressed individuals encounter a multitude of social problems in daily life, research on social problem-solving has largely been dominated by research on interpersonal problems and there is a paucity of research on intrapersonal problems. Intrapersonal problems are linked to one's subjective psychological functioning and involve managing one's own feelings and emotions pertaining to the self. Given that depressed individuals exhibit impaired emotion regulation, it is possible that their ability to solve intrapersonal problems may be impaired, especially in relation to future thinking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether future thinking, in the form of thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved or remaining unresolved has an impact on intrapersonal problem-solving in depression. Forty-five depressed and fifty-four non-depressed participants completed a modified version of the means end problem-solving task (MEPS). In the task, participants were presented with a series of intrapersonal problems and were asked to generate consequences of the problems being resolved or remaining unresolved. Participants were then presented with a positive resolution to each of the problems and were asked to solve the problem to achieve the positive resolution. Following a delay, participants were asked to recall all of the consequences initially generated. Overall, depressed individuals generated fewer-relevant means and less effective solutions to problems than non-depressed participants. Depressed individuals also demonstrated impaired intrapersonal problem-solving following the generation of resolved and unresolved consequences, compared to a baseline condition, where no consequences were generated. These findings suggest that future thinking impairs intrapersonal problem-solving and indicates that a more nuanced approach to future thinking and social problem-solving in depression is needed across different real-life problem-solving contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Noreen
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, England
| | - Barbara Dritschel
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
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21
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Nève de Mévergnies C, Verhaeghe N, Koster EHW, Baeken C, Vander Zwalmen Y, Hoorelbeke K. Health Economic Evaluation of Cognitive Control Training for Depression: Key Considerations. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e44679. [PMID: 37594847 PMCID: PMC10474514 DOI: 10.2196/44679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious and burdensome psychiatric illness that contributes heavily to health expenditures. These costs are partly related to the observation that depression is often not limited to a single episode but can recur or follow a chronic pathway. In terms of risk factors, it is acknowledged that cognitive impairments play a crucial role in vulnerability to depression. Within this context, cognitive control training (CCT) has shown its effectiveness in reducing the risk for recurrence of depression. CCT is low cost intensive and can be provided as a web-based intervention, which makes it easy to disseminate. Despite increasing interest in the field, studies examining the cost-effectiveness of CCT in the context of depression are largely missing. Health economic evaluation (HEE) allows to inform decision makers with evidence-based insights about how to spend limited available (financial) resources in the most efficient way. HEE studies constitute a crucial step in the implementation of a new intervention in clinical practice. Approaching preventive measures for depression such as CCT from an HEE perspective is informative to health policy, fostering optimal use of health expenditures. The aim of this paper was to inform and guide researchers during the phase of designing HEE studies in the context of CCT for depression. A clear view of CCT's cost-effectiveness is paramount for its clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Nève de Mévergnies
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brussel (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Godara M, Sanchez-Lopez A, De Raedt R. The contextual goal dependent attentional flexibility (CoGoDAF) framework: A new approach to attention bias in depression. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104354. [PMID: 37343329 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful adaptation to the environment requires attentional prioritization of emotional information relevant to the current situational demands. Accordingly, the presence of an attention bias (AB) for both positive and negative information may allow preferential processing of stimuli in line with the current situational goals. However, AB for negative information sometimes becomes maladaptive, being antithetical to the current adaptive needs and goals of an individual, such as in the case of affective disorders such as depression. Although difficulties in flexible shifting between emotional stimuli in depression have increasingly become a topic of discussion in the field, an integrative approach towards biased versus flexible emotional attentional processes remains absent. In the present paper, we advance a novel and integrative view of conceptualizing potentially aberrant affective attention patterns in depression as a function of the current contextual features. We propose that flexible emotional attention takes place as a result of attention prioritization towards goal-relevant emotional stimuli depending upon the current context of the individual. Specifically, the roles of context, distal and proximal goals, and approach and avoidance motivation processes are considered in a unified manner. The empirical, clinical, and interventional implications of this integrative framework provide a roadmap for future psychological and neurobiological experimental and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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23
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Allemann-Su YY, Vetter M, Koechlin H, Conley Y, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Kober KM, Levine JD, Miaskowski C, Katapodi MC. Distinct Cognitive Function Profiles Are Associated With a Higher Presurgery Symptom Burden in Patients With Breast Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2023; 46:E208-E217. [PMID: 35439196 PMCID: PMC11186600 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common symptom in patients with breast cancer. In our previous study of 397 women with breast cancer, we identified 3 groups of patients with distinct CRCI profiles (ie, high, moderate, and low-moderate attentional function). Compared with the other 2 classes, the low-moderate class was younger, had more comorbidities, and with lower functional status. OBJECTIVES In this study, we expand on this work and evaluate for differences among these latent classes in the severity of psychological (depression and anxiety) and physical (fatigue, decrements in energy, sleep disturbance, and pain) symptoms before surgery. METHODS Cancer-related cognitive impairment was assessed using the Attentional Functional Index from before through 6 months after surgery. Lower Attentional Functional Index scores indicate higher levels of CRCI. Psychological and physical symptoms were assessed with valid instruments. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for differences in symptom severity scores among the latent classes. RESULTS Approximately 60% of patients experienced CRCI (ie, moderate and low-moderate classes). Significant differences were found among the 3 classes in the severity of trait and state anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and sleep disturbance (ie, high < moderate < low-moderate). In addition, compared with the other 2 classes, the low-moderate class reported higher pain interference scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that women with clinically meaningful levels of persistent CRCI have a relatively high symptom burden before surgery. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Clinicians need to routinely perform preoperative assessments of CRCI and associated symptoms and initiate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yin Allemann-Su
- Author Affiliations: Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel (Ms Alleman-Su and Dr Katapodi); Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Land (Dr Vetter), Liestal; Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel (Dr Koechlin), Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (Dr Koechlin), Boston, Massachusetts; School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Conley), Pennsylvania; School of Nursing (Drs Paul, Cooper, Kober, and Miaskowski), and School of Medicine (Drs Levine and Miaskowski), University of California, San Francisco
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24
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Alon Y, Azriel O, Pine DS, Bar-Haim Y. A randomized controlled trial of supervised remotely-delivered attention bias modification for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3601-3610. [PMID: 35132952 PMCID: PMC10248784 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have limited access to first-line treatments, warranting the development of remotely-delivered treatments. Attention bias modification (ABM), targeting perturbed threat-related attentional patterns, shows promise when delivered in-person. However, previous studies found ABM to be ineffective when delivered remotely. Randomized clinical trials usually applied two variations of ABM: ABM away from threat or attention control training (ACT) balancing attention between threat-related and neutral stimuli. We tested remotely-delivered ACT/ABM with tighter supervision and video-based interactions that resemble in-clinic protocols. We expected to replicate the results of in-clinic trials, in which ACT outperformed ABM for PTSD. METHODS In this double-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 60 patients diagnosed with PTSD were randomized (ABM n = 30; ACT n = 30). Patients performed eight bi-weekly remotely-delivered supervised ABM/ACT sessions. Symptoms were assessed pre- and post-treatment with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale 5 (CAPS-5) severity score and PTSD diagnosis as the primary outcomes. Current depressive episode, current anxiety-related comorbidity, and time elapsed since the trauma were examined as potential moderators of treatment outcome. RESULTS Significant decrease in CAPS-5 severity scores and PTSD diagnosis was observed following both ACT and ABM with no between-group difference. Patients without depression or whose trauma occurred more recently had greater symptom reduction in the ACT than the ABM group. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our expectation, symptoms decreased similarly following ACT and ABM. Moderator analyses suggest advantage for ACT in non-depressed patients and patients whose trauma occurred more recently. Further refinements in remotely-delivered ABM/ACT may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Alon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Omer Azriel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Developmental Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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25
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Frommelt T, Bäumler L, Rohleder N, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of online interpretation bias intervention on stress reactivity in the children of parents with depression: the CoCo study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:378. [PMID: 37254177 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current preventive interventions for the children of parents with depression demonstrate modest effects on depression incidence. This may be because existing interventions tend to comprise general psychotherapeutic tools, rather than targeting the specific mechanisms underlying familial transmission. Improved theoretical models of familial transmission could enhance the development of targeted interventions. Although existing models assume that cognitive and biological vulnerability factors influence one another, the precise mechanisms are unknown. This project is the first to experimentally test whether negative interpretation bias has an impact on cortisol response in children of parents with depression. This study protocol reports a randomised controlled trial of an interpretation bias intervention which aims to shift participants' interpretation bias in a more positive direction and thereby alter their stress response. METHODS Children aged 10-14 years who have i) one parent with a current or previous depression diagnosis, with at least one episode occurring during the child's lifetime and ii) do not have a current or previous psychiatric diagnosis themselves, will be assigned to one of two conditions: an interpretation bias intervention (n = 50) or a structurally similar placebo intervention (n = 50). The interpretation bias intervention consists of a short lab-based cognitive reappraisal of interpretations training, a four-week app-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations intervention and interpretation bias specific if-then plans. Interpretation bias will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Scrambled Sentences Task. The effect of the intervention on participants' stress response will be assessed by salivary cortisol collected at five different time points: from immediately before until 45 min after administering the Trier Social Stressor Test for Children. Stress reactivity will be measured via baseline to peak cortisol and stress recovery will be measured via the 45 min cortisol marker. We hypothesise that children who participate in the interpretation bias intervention will display a positive shift in interpretation bias and this, in turn, will alter their stress response. Children who receive the placebo intervention are expected to show a smaller positive shift in interpretation bias and stress reactivity. DISCUSSION The findings of the present study will contribute to models of familial depression transmission as well as informing preventive interventions. If training a more positive interpretation bias subsequently alters participants' stress response, then incorporating such tools may increase the efficacy of existing preventive interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00028842. Registered August 19, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Frommelt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Leonie Bäumler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
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26
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Atashipour HS, Momeni F, Dolatshahi B, Mirnaseri MS. Effectiveness of memory bias modification in reducing depression and rumination symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1145259. [PMID: 37292497 PMCID: PMC10244539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong interest in cognitive bias modification as a new intervention that targets key underlying vulnerability factors of depression. Memory bias is believed to be a risk factor for the onset and maintenance of depression. In this study, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of memory bias modification on depression symptoms, ruminative thoughts, and autobiographical memory bias. We recruited 40 participants with mild depression who were randomly assigned to two groups of positive (n = 20) and neutral (n = 20) training. The participants were instructed to read and learn French-paired words with their Farsi translations. Next, they were encouraged to recall positive or neutral Farsi translations of French words according to their groups in the first session. After training, and in the second session (follow-up), they were asked to recall all the Farsi translations of the French words. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Rumination Response Scale (RRS), Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Repeated retrieval practices resulted in better recall of the target words of the training in both conditions. Still, none of the groups had significant changes in depression scores, ruminative thoughts, and emotional aspects of memory bias. Our results suggest that two sessions of modifying memory biases were not sufficient for reducing the symptoms of depression and rumination. Implications of the finding from this study for future works are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Sadat Atashipour
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Momeni
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Gerber M, Cody R, Beck J, Brand S, Donath L, Eckert A, Faude O, Hatzinger M, Imboden C, Kreppke JN, Lang UE, Mans S, Mikoteit T, Oswald A, Schweinfurth-Keck N, Zahner L, Ludyga S. Differences in Selective Attention and Inhibitory Control in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls Who Do Not Engage in Sufficient Physical Activity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103370. [PMID: 37240475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by neurocognitive impairments and show deficits in various cognitive performance indicators, including executive function. We examined whether sustained attention and inhibitory control differ between patients with MDD and healthy controls, and whether differences exist between patients with mild, moderate, and severe depression. METHODS Clinical in-patients (N = 212) aged 18-65 years with a current diagnosis of MDD and 128 healthy controls were recruited. Depression severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and sustained attention and inhibitory control were assessed using the oddball and flanker tasks. The use of these tasks promises insights into executive function in depressive patients that are not biased by verbal skills. Group differences were tested via analyses of covariance. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed slower reaction times in both the oddball and flanker task, independent of the executive demands of the trial types. Younger participants achieved shorter reaction times in both inhibitory control tasks. After correcting for age, education, smoking, BMI, and nationality, only differences in reaction times in the oddball task were statistically significant. In contrast, reaction times were not sensitive to the symptom severity of depression. CONCLUSION Our results corroborate deficits in basic information processing and specific impairments in higher-order cognitive processes in MDD patients. As difficulties in executive function underlie problems in planning, initiating, and completing goal-directed activities, they may jeopardize in-patient treatment and contribute to the recurrent nature of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robyn Cody
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Beck
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mans
- Private Clinic Wyss, 3053 Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, University of Basel, 4503 Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Anja Oswald
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Zahner
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Ros L, Satorres E, Fernández-Aguilar L, Delhom I, López-Torres J, Latorre JM, Melendez JC. Differential effects of faces and words in cognitive control in older adults with and without major depressive disorder: An emotional Stroop task study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:239-248. [PMID: 34137651 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1927037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging and major depressive disorders have been associated with impaired cognitive control. These deficits are also influenced by the affective valence and by the type of stimulus processed. Using an emotional Stroop task, the current study aims to examine cognitive control deficits and their association with emotion regulation in depression and the influence of the type of stimulus (words and faces) in this association. A total of 26 older patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) (19 women; age range: 65-84 years) and 26 older healthy controls (18 women; age range: 65-80 years) participated in the study. The results showed that MDD individuals presented greater Stroop effects than their healthy controls and an absence of the conflict adaptation effect defined as a reduction of the influence of irrelevant stimulus dimensions after incongruent trials. Additionally, our results also showed that the processing of emotional words in depressed participants is more automatic than the processing of emotional faces. These findings suggest that older depressed individuals have greater difficulty in recognizing affective facial expressions than older healthy controls, while the over-learned behavior of word reading greatly reduces differences in the performance of the emotional Stroop task between groups (MDD and healthy controls).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Research Institute of Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - E Satorres
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Fernández-Aguilar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Research Institute of Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - I Delhom
- Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, International University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J López-Torres
- Group of Preventive Activities in the University Field of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Albacete Zone VIII Health Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J M Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Research Institute of Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J C Melendez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Hargitai LD, Livingston LA, Waldren LH, Robinson R, Jarrold C, Shah P. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits are a more important predictor of internalising problems than autistic traits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 36646771 PMCID: PMC9842645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both linked to internalising problems like anxiety and depression. ASD and ADHD also often co-occur, making their individual statistical contributions to internalising disorders difficult to investigate. To address this issue, we explored the unique associations of self-reported ASD traits and ADHD traits with internalising problems using a large general population sample of adults from the United Kingdom (N = 504, 49% male). Classical regression analyses indicated that both ASD traits and ADHD traits were uniquely associated with internalising problems. Dominance and Bayesian analyses confirmed that ADHD traits were a stronger, more important predictor of internalising problems. However, brief depression and anxiety measures may not provide a comprehensive index of internalising problems. Additionally, we focused on recruiting a sample that was representative of the UK population according to age and sex, but not ethnicity, a variable that may be linked to internalising disorders. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that while ASD and ADHD uniquely predict internalising problems, ADHD traits are a more important statistical predictor than ASD traits. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying this pattern of results and the implications for research and clinical practice concerning neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D. Hargitai
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Lucy A. Livingston
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy H. Waldren
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Ross Robinson
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christopher Jarrold
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU UK
| | - Punit Shah
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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30
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Xu HM, Xie SW, Liu TY, Zhou X, Feng ZZ, He X. Microbiota alteration of Chinese young male adults with high-status negative cognitive processing bias. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:989162. [PMID: 36937259 PMCID: PMC10015002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.989162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence suggests that negative cognitive processing bias (NCPB) is a significant risk factor for depression. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been proven to be a contributing factor to cognitive health and disease. However, the connection between microbiota and NCPB remains unknown. This study mainly sought to explore the key microbiota involved in NCPB and the possible pathways through which NCPB affects depressive symptoms. Methods Data in our studies were collected from 735 Chinese young adults through a cross-sectional survey. Fecal samples were collected from 35 young adults with different levels of NCPB (18 individuals were recruited as the high-status NCPB group, and another 17 individuals were matched as the low-status NCPB group) and 60 with different degrees of depressive symptoms (27 individuals were recruited into the depressive symptom group, as D group, and 33 individuals were matched into the control group, as C group) and analyzed by the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technique. Results As a result, the level of NCPB correlated with the degree of depressive symptoms as well as anxiety symptoms and sleep quality (p < 0.01). The β-diversity of microbiota in young adults was proven to be significantly different between the high-status NCPB and the low-status NCPB groups. There were several significantly increased bacteria taxa, including Dorea, Christensenellaceae, Christe -senellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Eggerthellaceae, Family-XIII, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Faecalibaculum, and Oscillibacter. They were mainly involved in pathways including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Among these variable bacteria taxa, Faecalibaculum was found associated with both NCPB and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, five pathways turned out to be significantly altered in both the high-status NCPB group and the depressive symptom group, including butanoate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation. These pathways were related to SCFA metabolism. Discussion Fecal microbiota is altered in Chinese young male adults with high status NCPB and may be involved in the biochemical progress that influences depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shen-Wei Xie
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 953 Hospital, Army Medical University, Rìkazé, China
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Feng
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Zheng-Zhi Feng,
| | - Xie He
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xie He,
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31
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Buhl C, Sfärlea A, Loechner J, Starman-Wöhrle K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Biased Maintenance of Attention on Sad Faces in Clinically Depressed Youth: An Eye-Tracking Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:189-201. [PMID: 34476682 PMCID: PMC9867681 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of negative attention biases (AB), central to cognitive models of adult depression, is yet unclear in youth depression. We investigated negative AB in depressed compared to healthy youth and tested whether AB are more pronounced in depressed than at-risk youth. Negative AB was assessed for sad and angry faces with an eye-tracking paradigm [Passive Viewing Task (PVT)] and a behavioural task [Visual Search Task (VST)], comparing three groups of 9-14-year-olds: youth with major depression (MD; n = 32), youth with depressed parents (high-risk; HR; n = 49) and youth with healthy parents (low-risk; LR; n = 42). The PVT revealed MD participants to maintain attention longer on sad faces compared to HR, but not LR participants. This AB correlated positively with depressive symptoms. The VST revealed no group differences. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a negative AB in maintenance of attention on disorder-specific emotional information in depressed compared to at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Loechner
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.424214.50000 0001 1302 5619German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elske Salemink
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Chavez-Baldini U, Nieman DH, Keestra A, Lok A, Mocking RJT, de Koning P, Krzhizhanovskaya VV, Bockting CL, van Rooijen G, Smit DJA, Sutterland AL, Verweij KJH, van Wingen G, Wigman JT, Vulink NC, Denys D. The relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in patients with psychiatric disorders: a transdiagnostic network analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:476-485. [PMID: 34165065 PMCID: PMC9899564 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychiatric disorders often experience cognitive dysfunction, but the precise relationship between cognitive deficits and psychopathology remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between domains of cognitive functioning and psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample using a data-driven approach. METHODS Cross-sectional network analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between domains of psychopathology and cognitive functioning and detect clusters in the network. This naturalistic transdiagnostic sample consists of 1016 psychiatric patients who have a variety of psychiatric diagnoses, such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed using various questionnaires. Core cognitive domains were assessed with a battery of automated tests. RESULTS Network analysis detected three clusters that we labelled: general psychopathology, substance use, and cognition. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, verbal memory, and visual attention were the most central nodes in the network. Most associations between cognitive functioning and symptoms were negative, i.e. increased symptom severity was associated with worse cognitive functioning. Cannabis use, (subclinical) psychotic experiences, and anhedonia had the strongest total negative relationships with cognitive variables. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive functioning and psychopathology are independent but related dimensions, which interact in a transdiagnostic manner. Depression, anxiety, verbal memory, and visual attention are especially relevant in this network and can be considered independent transdiagnostic targets for research and treatment in psychiatry. Moreover, future research on cognitive functioning in psychopathology should take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing on symptom-specific interactions with cognitive domains rather than investigating cognitive functioning within diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnYoung Chavez-Baldini
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien H. Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amos Keestra
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J. T. Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pelle de Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudi L.H. Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geeske van Rooijen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. A. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen L. Sutterland
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J. H. Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna T.W. Wigman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, CC72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C. Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Van Beveren ML, Braet J, De Raedt R, Grol M, Wante L, Braet C. Always look on the bright side of life: Individual differences in visual attentional breadth for understanding temperament and emotion regulation in adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1094108. [PMID: 36936000 PMCID: PMC10018151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive-affective models of depression show that negative and positive emotionality differentially confer risk for depression through maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies respectively. Yet, no research has examined the mechanisms through which these temperament traits shape individual differences in ER. The current study explored the mediating role of attentional breadth for emotional information in the distinct pathways from temperament to ER strategies in adolescents. Methods The hypotheses were tested in a selected sample of 71 adolescents (M = 14.15, SD = 1.90; 62% girls) using a previously validated measure of visuospatial attentional breadth. Results First, positive emotionality was positively associated with attentional breadth for positive stimuli and temperamental vulnerable adolescents showed deficits in the processing of positive stimuli when presented far from the center of the visual field. Second, attentional breadth towards neutral stimuli was positively related to adaptive ER strategies. Third, no evidence was found for the proposed mediation models. However, post-hoc analyses provided preliminary evidence for a reversed mediation model in which adaptive ER strategies mediate the relationship between temperament and attentional breadth towards neutral stimuli. Discussion The results underscore the apparent complexity of the relations between temperament, attentional breadth, and ER and point out the need for further research in order to inform early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lotte Van Beveren
- Clinical Developmental Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Braet
- Clinical Developmental Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jolien Braet,
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maud Grol
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Wante
- Clinical Developmental Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Clinical Developmental Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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von Koch L, Kathmann N, Reuter B. Lack of speeded disengagement from facial expressions of disgust in remitted major depressive disorder: Evidence from an eye-movement study. Behav Res Ther 2023; 160:104231. [PMID: 36463834 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute major depression is characterized by specific abnormalities in the way emotional material is attended to. In late stages of stimulus processing, clinically depressed and dysphoric individuals show difficulties to disengage attention from emotionally negative material. It is unclear, however, whether aberrant disengagement is a transitory attentional phenomenon tied to depressive symptoms, or whether it constitutes a more stable disposition that outlast the symptomatic episode. To address this issue, the current study examined 39 currently euthymic individuals previously affected by major depression (RMD) and 40 healthy control participants reporting no lifetime psychopathology (ND). We used a gaze-contingent eye tracking paradigm designed to separately assess the attentional components of engagement and disengagement when viewing facial expressions of sadness, disgust and happiness. Never-depressed healthy participants, but not remitted euthymic individuals, showed speeded disengagement from facial expressions of disgust. We propose that the lack of this distinct acceleration in previously depressed but fully remitted individuals might reflect an attentional disposition that carries over to euthymic phases of the disease. On the other hand, a tendency to disengage quickly from areas in the visual field that convey social disdain could potentially act as a protective, possibly mood-stabilizing bias in resilient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara von Koch
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin, Germany
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Mavragani A, Lyman C, Roberts JE. Development of an mHealth App-Based Intervention for Depressive Rumination (RuminAid): Mixed Methods Focus Group Evaluation. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40045. [PMID: 36512400 PMCID: PMC9795400 DOI: 10.2196/40045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental health condition that poses a significant public health burden. Effective treatments for depression exist; however, access to evidence-based care remains limited. Mobile health (mHealth) apps offer an avenue for improving access. However, few mHealth apps are informed by evidence-based treatments and even fewer are empirically evaluated before dissemination. To address this gap, we developed RuminAid, an mHealth app that uses evidence-based treatment components to reduce depression by targeting a single key depressogenic process-rumination. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback that could be used to improve the design of RuminAid before the software development phase. METHODS We reviewed empirically supported interventions for depression and rumination and used the key aspects of each to create a storyboard version of RuminAid. We distributed an audio-guided presentation of the RuminAid storyboard to 22 individuals for viewing and solicited user feedback on app content, design, and perceived functionality across 7 focus group sessions. RESULTS The consumer-rated quality of the storyboard version of RuminAid was in the acceptable to good range. Indeed, most participants reported that they thought RuminAid would be an engaging, functional, and informational app. Likewise, they endorsed overwhelming positive beliefs about the perceived impact of RuminAid; specifically, 96% (21/22) believed that RuminAid will help depressed ruminators with depression and rumination. Nevertheless, the results highlighted the need for improved app aesthetics (eg, a more appealing color scheme and modern design). CONCLUSIONS Focus group members reported that the quality of information was quite good and had the potential to help adults who struggle with depression and rumination but expressed concern that poor aesthetics would interfere with users' desire to continue using the app. To address these comments, we hired a graphic designer and redesigned each screen to improve visual appeal. We also removed time gating from the app based on participant feedback and findings from related research. These changes helped elevate RuminAid and informed its initial software build for a pilot trial that focused on evaluating its feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassondra Lyman
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Li G, Cai X, Yang Q, Cui Q, Huang L, Jing X, Wang Y. A review of attentional bias modification trainings for depression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:789-803. [PMID: 36377495 PMCID: PMC9928546 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative attentional bias is a basic character of depression. The attentional bias modification training (ABMT), being a highly promising and easy-to-use depression intervention technique, has attracted much attention to alleviate depressive symptoms in recent years. However, the effectiveness of ABMT programs was mixed across studies, since it remained unclear the underlying mechanisms of ABMT on alleviating depressive symptoms. We systematically analyzed the main ABMT paradigms to clarify possible mechanisms of effective training and reasons of ineffective training. Valid ABMT programs might alleviate depressive symptoms through regulating self-related rumination or two subcomponents of attentional bias: facilitated attention and impaired attentional disengagement. The reasons for the invalidity of ABMT mainly included the suboptimal design of training procedures, mixed effects of participants' personal characteristics, and the unclear relationship between attentional bias and depression. The ABMT is promising for alleviating depressive symptoms, but training procedures are required to be improved to obtain stable training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Psychological Research and Counseling CenterSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina,Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xueli Cai
- Psychological Research and Counseling CenterSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and AdministrationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Lihui Huang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiujuan Jing
- Tianfu College of Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengduChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
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Wu W, Huang X, Qi X, Lu Y. Bias of Attentional Oscillations in Individuals with Subthreshold Depression: Evidence from a Pre-Cueing Facial Expression Judgment Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14559. [PMID: 36361443 PMCID: PMC9654165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Study results regarding attentional bias in depressed individuals are inconsistent. Recent studies have found that attention is a discrete process, alternating between periods of either enhanced or diminished attention sensitivity. Whether a visual target can be detected depends on when it occurs relative to these oscillation rhythms. We infer that the inconsistency of attentional bias may be related to the abnormality of attentional oscillations in depressed individuals. Methods: A pre-cueing attentional task was used. We set 48 levels of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between cues and targets and measured the response time (RT) of participants, as well as their EEG signals. Results: The RTs showed patterns of behavioral oscillations. Repeated-measure ANOVA indicated that subthreshold depressed participants had significantly higher RTs for negative expressions than for neutral but significantly lower RTs for positive than for neutral. The frequency analysis indicated that the RT oscillational frequency of subthreshold depressed participants to negative/positive expressions was different from that to neutral. The EEG time-frequency analysis showed that when faced with negative expressions, the intensity of the neural alpha oscillatory power of subthreshold depressed participants was significantly lower than that of normal controls. When faced with positive expressions, the intensity of neural alpha oscillatory power was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Conclusion: Compared to normal persons, subthreshold depressed individuals may have biases in both the amplitude and frequency of attentional oscillations. These attentional biases correspond to the intensity of their neural alpha wave rhythms.
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Dell'Acqua C, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Vallesi A, Palomba D, Ambrosini E. Depressive symptoms and cognitive control: the role of affective interference. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:1389-1403. [PMID: 36154616 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2128065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are characterised by reduced cognitive control. However, whether depressive symptoms are linked to difficulty in exerting cognitive control in general or over emotional content specifically remains unclear. To better differentiate between affective interference or general cognitive control difficulties in people with depressive symptoms, we employed a non emotional (cold) and an emotional (hot) version of a task-switching paradigm in a nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 82) with varying levels of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were linked to greater difficulties in exerting cognitive control in complex situations (mixed-task blocks) compared to simple and semiautomatic situations (single-task blocks) in both task versions. Moreover, greater depressive symptoms were associated with longer latencies in the emotional version of the task across all trial types. Thus, the emotion-specific effect was not modulated by the degree of cognitive control required to perform the task. In sum, depressive symptoms were characterised by a general difficulty to exert cognitive control in both emotional and non emotional contexts and by greater difficulty in even simple attentional processing of emotional material. This study granted novel insights on the extent of cognitive control difficulties in emotional and non emotional contexts for people with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore Ambrosini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Hoorelbeke K, Vander Zwalmen Y, Hagen BI, Stubberud J, Koster EHW. Connecting residual depressive symptoms to self-reported executive functioning: A network analytical approach. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:75-84. [PMID: 35995017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Persisting executive functioning (EF) impairments following remission from depression form an important source of disability in daily life. However, little is known regarding how specific aspects of EF relate to residual depressive symptomatology. Using network analysis, the current study investigates unique associations between cognitive-, affective-, and somatic depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition, BDI-II) and self-reported EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version, BRIEF-A) in a sample of 161 remitted depressed individuals. We identified three clusters of closely connected nodes, corresponding with the Metacognition- and Behavioral Regulation Index of the BRIEF-A, and one cluster consisting of cognitive, affective-, and somatic depressive symptomatology. Among the clusters consisting of EF domains, working memory and shifting difficulties emerged as bridging nodes. Depressive cognition most strongly connected the cluster of depressive symptoms with the EF clusters. Depressive symptom dimensions demonstrated both shared and unique associations with EF domains. Each depressive symptom dimension was directly related to emotional control impairments. In addition, multiple associations were observed between depressive symptomatology and complaints at the level of working memory, shifting, and planning/organizing. Depressive affect was uniquely related to difficulties initiating activity. The current findings provide insights into the relationship between perceived difficulties in EF and residual depressive symptomatology. EF domains were differentially related to depressive symptom dimensions, suggesting the need for further research into the role of EF following remission from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjørn Ingulfsvann Hagen
- Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Social Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
| | - Jan Stubberud
- Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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40
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Bigliassi M, Filho E. Functional significance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during exhaustive exercise. Biol Psychol 2022; 175:108442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bartholomay EM, Stone BM, Koran J, Björgvinsson T, Kertz SJ. Repetitive Negative Thinking Explains the Relationship Between Perceived Attentional Control and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Weller S, Schroeder PA, Plewnia C. Gamification improves antidepressant effects of cognitive control training-A pilot trial. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:994484. [PMID: 36339520 PMCID: PMC9635856 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.994484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computerised cognitive trainings have been put forward to improve control over negatively biased information processing and associated depressive symptomatology. Yet, disease-related impairments of motivation and endurance, as well as insufficient accessibility hinder use of this promising therapeutic opportunity. Here, we developed an app (de:)press© ) that utilizes a cognitive control training (paced auditory serial addition task) enriched with gamification and information elements. We compared a six-week training with de:)press© to a non-gamified version (active control group). METHODS Thirty-two depressed participants were included. Each received either de:)press© or the non-gamified version and was instructed to train three times per week for two weeks. Afterwards (four weeks) they were free to train at their own discretion. Depression severity was assessed during training and two follow-up sessions. Primary endpoint was defined as difference between groups [change of Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)] four weeks after end of training. RESULTS Depression severity decreased in both groups. At primary endpoint, MADRS scores were significantly lower in the de:)press© -group compared to the control group. No differences were observed at three months' follow-up. Intervention usability was consistently rated positively. Participants who had trained with de:)press© maintained the recommended training frequency without further prompting. Besides transient fatigue or frustration, no adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION This pilot demonstrates that gamification and information elements can substantially increase cognitive control training efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms. Moreover, it provides first evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of de:)press© as an add-on intervention to treat depression. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04400162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Correspondence: Christian Plewnia
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Zeng M, Chen S, Zhou X, Zhang J, Chen X, Sun J. The relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: Testing mediation and moderation effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1000109. [PMID: 36262440 PMCID: PMC9574398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, suspensions of activities and long periods of self-isolation led to a sharp increase in excessive use of mobile phones, which sparked public concern about mobile phone addiction (MPA). In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to physical exercise as a protective effect of MPA. However, more studies are needed to reveal this relationship and the exact mechanisms, based on which this study tested the mediating and moderating roles of self-control, rumination, psychological distress, and loneliness between physical exercise and MPA. Methods In this cross-sectional study, primary data was collected by questionnaire from 1,843 college students (19.75 ± 1.3) from five universities in Sichuan Province in Mainland China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-20) were investigated. The mediating models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software, in which the mediation variables were self-control, rumination, and psychological distress, and the moderation was loneliness. Gender, major, and grade were included as control variables. Result Self-control, rumination, and psychological distress played a simple mediating role between physical exercise and MPA. Moreover, not only self-control and rumination but also self-control and psychological distress played the chain mediating roles between physical exercise and MPA. The chain pathways were moderated by loneliness. Specifically, the effect was more substantial among college students with higher loneliness. Conclusion The conclusions corroborate and clarify that self-control, rumination, and psychological distress mediated the association between physical exercise and MPA, and the mediation effects were moderated via loneliness. This present study advanced our understanding of how and when college students’ physical exercise was related to MPA. It also illustrates that educators and parents should pay more attention to college students’ physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zeng
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhou
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jingquan Sun,
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Axelsson E, Othman NN, Kansal N. Temperament and children's accuracy and attention during word learning. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 69:101771. [PMID: 36116290 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When hearing a novel word, children typically rule out familiar objects and assume a speaker is referring to a novel object. This strategy is known as fast mapping, and young children use this with a high degree of accuracy. However, not all children engage in fast mapping to the same extent and temperament can play a role. Shyness is associated with poorer fast mapping and less attention to target objects, which is associated with poorer retention (Hilton et al., 2019; Hilton & Westermann, 2017). We further investigated the relationship between temperament and fast mapping by presenting 2.5-year-old children with 8 familiar target fast mapping trials and 4 novel target trials presented twice. We considered two temperamental dimensions: approachability due to its similarity to shyness; and reactivity, which could predict children's capacity to engage during fast mapping. We found an association between approachability and fast mapping accuracy the second time children fast-mapped novel targets, and approachability was associated with greater retention accuracy. Reactivity predicted proportions of target looking during fast mapping with less reactive temperament scores associated with greater focus on targets. This provides support for a relationship between two dimensions of temperament and fast mapping and retention. Approachability may be associated with a further opportunity to fast map and memory for novel words, and/or how willing children are to guess the targets. Reactivity may be associated with the capacity to focus during word learning situations. Different aspects of temperament could have implications for children's capacity to disambiguate and learn words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Axelsson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia; Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Australia.
| | | | - Nayantara Kansal
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Australia
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Lantrip C, Szabo YZ, Kozel FA, Holtzheimer P. Neuromodulation as an Augmenting Strategy for Behavioral Therapies for Anxiety and PTSD: a Narrative Review. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2022; 9:406-418. [PMID: 36714210 PMCID: PMC9881183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent problem. Despite current treatments, symptoms may persist, and neuromodulation therapies show great potential. A growing body of research suggests that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is effective as a standalone treatment for PTSD, with recent research demonstrating promising use when combined synergistically with behavioral treatments. In this review, we survey this literature including data suggesting mechanisms involved in anxiety and PTSD that may be targeted by neurostimulation. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests the mechanism of action for TMS that contributes to behavioral change may be enhanced neural plasticity via increased functionality of prefrontal and subcortical/limbic structures and associated networks. Some research has demonstrated a behavioral change in PTSD and anxiety due to enhanced extinction learning or improved ability to think flexibly and reduce ruminative tendencies. Growing evidence suggests TMS may be best used as a therapeutic adjunct, at least acutely, for extinction-based exposure therapies in patients by accelerating therapy response. SUMMARY While TMS has shown promise as a standalone intervention, augmentation with psychotherapy is one avenue of interest. Non-responders to current EBPs might particularly benefit from this sort of targeted approach, and it may shorten treatment length, which would help the successful completion of a course of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lantrip
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research On Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX 76711, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research On Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX 76711, USA
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - F. Andrew Kozel
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paul Holtzheimer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Guimond S, Ling G, Drodge J, Matheson H, Wojtalik JA, Lopez B, Collin G, Brady R, Mesholam-Gately RI, Thermenos H, Eack SM, Keshavan MS. Functional connectivity associated with improvement in emotion management after cognitive enhancement therapy in early-course schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2245-2254. [PMID: 33183362 PMCID: PMC10763577 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to manage emotions is an important social-cognitive domain impaired in schizophrenia and linked to functional outcome. The goal of our study was to examine the impact of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) on the ability to manage emotions and brain functional connectivity in early-course schizophrenia. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to CET (n = 55) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) control group (n = 45). The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and measures of emotion management performances were collected at baseline, 9, and 18 months follow-up. The final sample consisted of 37 CET and 25 EST participants, including 19 CET and 12 EST participants with imaging data. Linear mixed-effects models investigated the impact of treatment on emotion management and functional connectivity from the amygdala to ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). RESULTS The CET group showed significant improvement over time in emotion management compared to EST. Neither functional connectivity changes nor main group differences were observed following treatment. However, a significant between-group interaction showed that improved emotion management ability was associated with increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the left dlPFC in the CET group exclusively. CONCLUSION Our results replicate the previous work demonstrating that CET is effective at improving some aspects of social cognition in schizophrenia. We found evidence that improvement in emotion management may be associated with a change in amygdala-dlPFC connectivity. This fronto-limbic circuit may provide a mechanistic link between the biology of emotion management processes that can be enhanced in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Québec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - George Ling
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jessica Drodge
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hannah Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jessica A. Wojtalik
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Betzamel Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guusje Collin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, 3584 XC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roscoe Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shaun M. Eack
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Draheim C, Pak R, Draheim AA, Engle RW. The role of attention control in complex real-world tasks. Psychon Bull Rev 2022; 29:1143-1197. [PMID: 35167106 PMCID: PMC8853083 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Working memory capacity is an important psychological construct, and many real-world phenomena are strongly associated with individual differences in working memory functioning. Although working memory and attention are intertwined, several studies have recently shown that individual differences in the general ability to control attention is more strongly predictive of human behavior than working memory capacity. In this review, we argue that researchers would therefore generally be better suited to studying the role of attention control rather than memory-based abilities in explaining real-world behavior and performance in humans. The review begins with a discussion of relevant literature on the nature and measurement of both working memory capacity and attention control, including recent developments in the study of individual differences of attention control. We then selectively review existing literature on the role of both working memory and attention in various applied settings and explain, in each case, why a switch in emphasis to attention control is warranted. Topics covered include psychological testing, cognitive training, education, sports, police decision-making, human factors, and disorders within clinical psychology. The review concludes with general recommendations and best practices for researchers interested in conducting studies of individual differences in attention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Draheim
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, USA.
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Richard Pak
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Amanda A Draheim
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, USA
| | - Randall W Engle
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Flamant N, Boncquet M, Van Petegem S, Haerens L, Beyers W, Soenens B. To endure or to resist? Adolescents' coping with overprotective parenting. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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OCD and Comorbid Depression: Assessment, Conceptualization, and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment. J Cogn Psychother 2022; 36:191-206. [PMID: 35882535 DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) also meet criteria for additional diagnoses. Among the most common co-occurring diagnoses are mood disorders-especially depression. This article focuses on the comorbidity between OCD and major depression. After discussing nature of OCD and depression, the rates and clinical impact of depression on OCD, the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of OCD when it appears along with depression is covered in detail. The derivation and implementation of a cognitive behavioral treatment program specifically for depressed OCD patients is described and illustrated using a case example.
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50
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Trapp W, Heid A, Röder S, Wimmer F, Hajak G. Cognitive Remediation in Psychiatric Disorders: State of the Evidence, Future Perspectives, and Some Bold Ideas. Brain Sci 2022; 12:683. [PMID: 35741569 PMCID: PMC9221116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people with psychiatric disorders experience impairments in cognition. These deficits have a significant impact on daily functioning and sometimes even on the further course of their disease. Cognitive remediation (CR) is used as an umbrella term for behavioral training interventions to ameliorate these deficits. In most but not all studies, CR has proven effective in improving cognition and enhancing everyday functional outcomes. In this paper, after quickly summarizing the empirical evidence, practical advice to optimize the effects of CR interventions is provided. We advocate that CR interventions should be as fun and motivating as possible, and therapists should at least consider using positively toned emotional stimuli instead of neutral stimuli. Participants should be screened for basic processing deficits, which should be trained before CR of higher-order cognitive domains. CR should stimulate metacognition and utilize natural settings to invoke social cognition. Wherever possible, CR tasks should link to tasks that participants face in their everyday life. Therapists should consider that participants might also benefit from positive side effects on symptomatology. Finally, the CR approach might even be utilized in settings where the treatment of cognitive impairments is not a primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Trapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands, Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences, 96050 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Röder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Wimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Göran Hajak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
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