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Kropp C, Tambosco K, Chadi S, Langella P, Claus SP, Martin R. Christensenella minuta protects and restores intestinal barrier in a colitis mouse model by regulating inflammation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 39294159 PMCID: PMC11411060 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Christensenella minuta DSM 22607 has recently been suggested as a potential microbiome-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because it displays strong anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanism(s) underlying the DSM 22607-mediated beneficial effects on the host in a mouse model of chemically induced acute colitis. We observed that C. minuta plays a key role in the preservation of the epithelial barrier and the management of DNBS-induced inflammation by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-33 and Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 (Tnfrsf8) gene expression. We also showed that DSM 22607 abundance was positively correlated with Akkermansia sp. and Dubosiella sp. and modulated microbial metabolites in the cecum. These results offer new insights into the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of C. minuta DSM 22607 by protecting the intestinal barrier integrity and regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Kropp
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- YSOPIA Bioscience, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sead Chadi
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Rebeca Martin
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 68350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Di Salvo C, D'Antongiovanni V, Benvenuti L, Fornai M, Valdiserra G, Natale G, Ryskalin L, Lucarini E, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C, Colucci R, Haskó G, Pellegrini C, Antonioli L. The pharmacological blockade of P2X4 receptor as a viable approach to manage visceral pain in a rat model of colitis. J Drug Target 2024; 32:953-963. [PMID: 38864378 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2367563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the pharmacological management of visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis is ineffective. In this context, targeting purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), which can modulate visceral pain transmission, could represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Herein, we tested the pain-relieving effect of two novel and selective P2X4R antagonists (NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX) in a murine model of DNBS-induced colitis and investigated the mechanisms underlying their effect. Tested drugs and dexamethasone (DEX) were administered orally, two days after colitis induction. Treatment with tested drugs and DEX improved tissue inflammatory parameters (body weight, spleen weight, macroscopic damage, TNF and IL-1β levels) in DNBS-rats. In addition, NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX attenuated visceral pain better than DEX and prevented the reduction of occludin expression. In in vitro studies, treatment of CaCo2 cells with supernatant from THP-1 cells, previously treated with LPS plus ATP, reduced the expression of tight junctions protein. By contrast, CaCo2 cells treated with supernatant from THP-1 cells, previously incubated with tested drugs, counteracted the reduction of tight junctions due to the inhibition of P2X4R/NLRP3/IL-1β axis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the direct and selective inhibition of P2X4R represents a viable approach for the management of visceral pain associated with colitis via NLRP3/IL-1β axis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Valdiserra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Tinnirello V, Zizzo MG, Conigliaro A, Tabone M, Ganji NR, Cicio A, Bressa C, Larrosa M, Rappa F, Vergilio G, Gasparro R, Gallo A, Serio RM, Alessandro R, Raimondo S. Industrial-produced lemon nanovesicles ameliorate experimental colitis-associated damages in rats via the activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses and microbiota modification. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116514. [PMID: 38574618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have recently emerged as natural delivery systems of biofunctional compounds toward mammalian cells. Considering their already described composition, anti-inflammatory properties, stability, and low toxicity, PDNVs offer a promising path for developing new preventive strategies for several inflammatory diseases, among which the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we explore the protective effects of industrially produced lemon vesicles (iLNVs) in a rat model of IBD. Characterization of iLNVs reveals the presence of small particles less than 200 nm in size and a profile of bioactive compounds enriched in flavonoids and organic acids with known beneficial properties. In vitro studies on human macrophages confirm the safety and anti-inflammatory effects of iLNVs, as evidenced by the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory markers. As evidenced by in vivo experiments, pre-treatment with iLNVs significantly alleviates symptoms and histological features in 2,4 dinitrobenzensulfuric acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Molecular pathway analysis reveals modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2, indicating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Finally, iLNVs affects gut microbiota composition, improving the consistent colitis-related alterations. Overall, we demonstrated the protective role of industrially produced lemon nanovesicles against colitis and emphasized their potential in managing IBD through multifaceted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tabone
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Carlo Bressa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127 Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Section of Palermo, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergilio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127 Italy
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Venneri T, Giorgini G, Leblanc N, Flamand N, Borrelli F, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V. Altered endocannabinoidome bioactive lipid levels accompany reduced DNBS-induced colonic inflammation in germ-free mice. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:63. [PMID: 37189092 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota are involved in the onset and development of chronic intestinal inflammation. The recently described endocannabinoidome (eCBome), a diverse and complex system of bioactive lipid mediators, has been reported to play a role in various physio-pathological processes such as inflammation, immune responses and energy metabolism. The eCBome and the gut microbiome (miBIome) are closely linked and form the eCBome - miBIome axis, which may be of special relevance to colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in conventionally raised (CR), antibiotic-treated (ABX) and germ-free (GF) mice with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Inflammation was assessed by Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, body weight change, colon weight-length ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and cytokine gene expression. Colonic eCBome lipid mediator concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS /MS. RESULTS GF mice showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory eCBome lipids (LEA, OEA, DHEA and 13- HODE-EA) in the healthy state and higher MPO activity. DNBS elicited reduced inflammation in GF mice, having lower colon weight/length ratios and lower expression levels of Il1b, Il6, Tnfa and neutrophil markers compared to one or both of the other DNBS-treated groups. Il10 expression was also lower and the levels of several N-acyl ethanolamines and 13-HODE-EA levels were higher in DNBS-treated GF mice than in CR and ABX mice. The levels of these eCBome lipids negatively correlated with measures of colitis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the depletion of the gut microbiota and subsequent differential development of the gut immune system in GF mice is followed by a compensatory effect on eCBome lipid mediators, which may explain, in part, the observed lower susceptibility of GF mice to develop DNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Joint International Research Unit (JIRU) for Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (MicroMeNu) between Université Laval and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Centre NUTRISS, École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Joint International Research Unit (JIRU) for Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (MicroMeNu) between Université Laval and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Centre NUTRISS, École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Tavares EDA, Guerra GCB, da Costa Melo NM, Dantas-Medeiros R, da Silva ECS, Andrade AWL, de Souza Araújo DF, da Silva VC, Zanatta AC, de Carvalho TG, de Araújo AA, de Araújo-Júnior RF, Zucolotto SM. Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phenolic-Rich Extract from Nopalea cochenillifera (Cactaceae): A Preclinical Study on the Prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:594. [PMID: 36771677 PMCID: PMC9921826 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have been scientifically recognized as beneficial to intestinal health. The cactus Nopalea cochenillifera, used as anti-inflammatory in traditional medicine, is a rich source of these bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of N. cochenillifera extract and evaluate its acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect on 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The total phenolic content per gram of dry extract was 67.85 mg. Through HPLC-IES-MSn, a total of 25 compounds such as saccharides, organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterized. The dose of 2000 mg/kg of extract by an oral route showed no signs of toxicity, mortality or significant changes in biochemical and hematological parameters. Regarding intestinal anti-inflammatory effects, animals were treated with three different doses of extract or sulfasalazine. Macroscopic analysis of the colon indicated that the extract decreased the disease activity index. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased, IL-10 increased and MDA and MPO enzyme levels decreased when compared with the control group. In addition, a down-regulation of MAPK1/ERK2 and NF-κB p65 pathway markers in colon tissue was observed. The epithelial integrity was improved according to histopathological and immunohistological analysis. Thus, the extract provided strong preclinical evidence of being effective in maintaining the remission of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella de Aragão Tavares
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Nadja Maria da Costa Melo
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Renato Dantas-Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Zanatta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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Kim JE, Song HJ, Choi YJ, Jin YJ, Roh YJ, Seol A, Park SH, Park JM, Kang HG, Hwang DY. Improvement of the intestinal epithelial barrier during laxative effects of phlorotannin in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:1. [PMID: 36597137 PMCID: PMC9808941 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are frequently observed in various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the improvement in the IEB during the laxative activity of phlorotannin (Pt) harvested from Ecklonia cava in constipation by examining the changes in the expression of the regulatory proteins for the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), and inflammatory cytokines in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lm)-induced constipation after a Pt treatment. RESULTS The Pt treatment induced laxative activity, including the improvement of feces-related parameters, gastrointestinal transit rate, and histological structure of the mid colon in Lm-treated SD rats. In addition, significant recovery effects were detected in the histology of IEB, including the mucus layer, epithelial cells, and lamina propria in the mid colon of Lm + Pt treated SD rats. The expression levels of E-cadherin and p120-catenin for AJ and the ZO-1, occludin, and Claudin-1 genes for TJ in epithelial cells were improved remarkably after the Pt treatment, but the rate of increase was different. Furthermore, the Pt treatment increased the expression level of several inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-4 in Lm + Pt treated SD rats. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence that the laxative activity of Pt in SD rats with Lm-induced constipation phenotypes involve improvements in the IEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Hee Jin Song
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - You Jeong Jin
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Roh
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Ayun Seol
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Ju Min Park
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Veterinary Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
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7
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Genetic and Small-Molecule Modulation of Stat3 in a Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237020. [PMID: 36498596 PMCID: PMC9736649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastro-intestinal tract (GI) and is associated with an increased risk of gastro-intestinal cancer. In the current study, we determined the role of genetic and small-molecule modulation of STAT3 in a mouse model of CD. STAT3 has 2 isoforms (α, β) which are expressed in most cells in a 4:1 ratio (α: β). STAT3α has pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while STAT3β has contrasting roles. We used an animal model of CD consisting of intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and examined the severity of CD in transgenic-mice that express only STAT3α (∆β/∆β), as well as in wild-type (WT) mice administered TTI-101 (formerly C188-9), a small molecule STAT3 inhibitor. We determined that clinical manifestations of CD, such as mortality, rectal-bleeding, colonic bleeding, diarrhea, and colon shortening, were exacerbated in ∆β/∆β transgenic versus cage-control WT mice, while they were markedly decreased by TTI-101 treatment of WT mice. TTI-101 treatment also increased apoptosis of pathogenic CD4+ T cells and reduced colon levels of IL-17-positive cells. Our results indicate that STAT3 contributes to CD and that targeting of STAT3 with TTI-101 may be a useful approach to treating CD.
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8
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Ethanol Extracts of Rice Bran and Whole Grain Adlay Seeds Mitigate Colonic Inflammation and Damage in Mice with Colitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183877. [PMID: 36145253 PMCID: PMC9506450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with frequent relapsing inflammation in the colon. Whole grains have been promoted as healthy and sustainable foods; however, the use of whole gains in UC is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of rice bran (RBE) and whole-grain adlay seeds (ADE) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic damage in UC. Male C57BL/6JNarl mice were intra-rectal injected twice with 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce (day 0) and reactivate (day 21) UC. Control mice were fed AIN-93M diet (R group) and injected with a vehicle. UC mice were fed AIN-93M diet (UC group) supplemented with RBE (RBE group) or ADE (ADE group) for 21 days. The results showed that the UC group had an increased disease activity index, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and glutathione levels, microscopic injury scores, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in the colon and decreased colonic claudin-4 compared to the R group. RBE and ADE supplementation significantly reduced UC-elevated plasma IL-6 and colonic glutathione and pro-inflammatory cytokines and a chemokine. In addition, RBE and ADE supplementation significantly decreased T-helper-cell-associated cytokines in the plasma and colon. Moreover, RBE supplementation increased colonic IL-10 and tight junction protein claudin-4 levels, and ADE supplementation alleviated diarrhea in UC mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that RBE and ADE may mitigate colonic inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage in UC relapse.
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Noguès EB, Kropp C, Bétemps L, de Sousa C, Chain F, Auger S, Azevedo V, Langella P, Chatel JM. Lactococcus lactis engineered to deliver hCAP18 cDNA alleviates DNBS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice by promoting IL17A and IL10 cytokine expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15641. [PMID: 36123355 PMCID: PMC9485145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With its antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties, the cathelicidin (LL37) plays an important role in innate immune system. Here, we attempted to alleviate chemically induced colitis using a lactococci strain that either directly expressed the precursor to LL37, hCAP18 (LL-pSEC:hCAP18), or delivered hCAP18 cDNA to host cells under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter (LL-Probi-H1:hCAP18). We also investigated whether the alleviation of symptoms could be explained through modification of the gut microbiota by hCAP18. Mice were administered daily doses of LL-pSEC:hCAP18 or LL-Probi-H1:hCAP18. On day 7, colitis was induced by DNBS. During autopsy, we assessed macroscopic tissue damage in the colon and collected tissue samples for the characterization of inflammation markers and histological analysis. Feces were collected at day 7 for 16S DNA sequencing. We also performed a fecal transplant experiment in which mice underwent colon washing and received feces from Lactococcus lactis-treated mice before DNBS-colitis induction. Treatment with LL-Probi-H1:hCAP18 reduced the severity of colitis symptoms. The protective effects were accompanied by increased levels of IL17A and IL10 in mesenteric lymph node cells. L. lactis administration altered the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae. However, fecal transplant from L. lactis-treated mice did not improve DNBS-induced symptoms in recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Borras Noguès
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Camille Kropp
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laureline Bétemps
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Cassiana de Sousa
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France ,grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo-Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Florian Chain
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo-Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Philippe Langella
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
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10
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Valdez-Morales EE, Sánchez-Navarro CA, Reyes-Pavón D, Barrios-Garcia T, Ochoa-Cortes F, Barajas-Espinosa A, Barragán-Iglesias P, Guerrero-Alba R. TNF-α enhances sensory DRG neuron excitability through modulation of P2X3 receptors in an acute colitis model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872760. [PMID: 36032155 PMCID: PMC9416886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that acute colonic inflammation leads to an increase in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal excitability. However, the signaling elements implicated in this hyperexcitability have yet to be fully unraveled. Extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is a well-recognized sensory signaling molecule that enhances the nociceptive response after inflammation through activation of P2X3 receptors, which are expressed mainly by peripheral sensory neurons. The aim of this study is to continue investigating how P2X3 affects neuronal hypersensitivity in an acute colitis animal model. To achieve this, DNBS (Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 200 mg/kg) was intrarectally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and inflammation severity was assessed according to the following parameters: weight loss, macroscopic and microscopic scores. Perforated patch clamp technique was used to evaluate neuronal excitability via measuring changes in rheobase and action potential firing in T8-L1 DRG neurons. A-317491, a well-established potent and selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, served to dissect their contribution to recorded responses. Protein expression of P2X3 receptors in DRG was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Four days post-DNBS administration, colons were processed for histological analyses of ulceration, crypt morphology, goblet cell density, and immune cell infiltration. DRG neurons from DNBS-treated mice were significantly more excitable compared with controls; these changes correlated with increased P2X3 receptor expression. Furthermore, TNF-α mRNA expression was also significantly higher in inflamed colons compared to controls. Incubation of control DRG neurons with TNF-α resulted in similar cell hyperexcitability as measured in DNBS-derived neurons. The selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, A-317491, blocked the TNF-α-induced effect. These results support the hypothesis that TNF-α enhances colon-innervating DRG neuron excitability via modulation of P2X3 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Sánchez-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Diana Reyes-Pavón
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Raquel Guerrero-Alba,
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11
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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Margiotta F, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Matteo R, Suriano S, Troccoli A, Pecchioni N, Manera C, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C. The Efficacy of Camelina sativa Defatted Seed Meal against Colitis-Induced Persistent Visceral Hypersensitivity: The Relevance of PPAR α Receptor Activation in Pain Relief. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153137. [PMID: 35956313 PMCID: PMC9370738 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are natural sources of bioactive compounds able to promote gut health. Belonging to this plant family, Camelina sativa is an ancient oil crop rich in glucosinolates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants that is attracting renewed attention for its nutraceutical potential. This work aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of a defatted seed meal (DSM) of Camelina sativa on the colon damage and the persistent visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis in rats. Inflammation was induced by the intrarectal injection of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The acute administration of Camelina sativa DSM (0.1–1 g kg−1) showed a dose-dependent pain-relieving effect in DNBS-treated rats. The efficacy of the meal was slightly enhanced after bioactivation with myrosinase, which increased isothiocyanate availability, and drastically decreased by pre-treating the animals with the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) receptor antagonist GW6471. Repeated treatments with Camelina sativa DSM (1 g kg−1) meal counteracted the development, as well as the persistence, of visceral hyperalgesia in DNBS-treated animals by reducing the intestinal inflammatory damage and preventing enteric neuron damage. In conclusion, Camelina sativa meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool to manage persistent abdominal pain in patients and to promote gut healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Margiotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Serafino Suriano
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Antonio Troccoli
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
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12
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Son M, Park IS, Kim S, Ma HW, Kim JH, Kim TI, Kim WH, Han J, Kim SW, Cheon JH. Novel Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, Tegoprazan, Protects Against Colitis by Improving Gut Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870817. [PMID: 35693794 PMCID: PMC9174989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD can result from gut barrier dysfunction, altered gut microbiota, and abnormal intestinal immunity induced by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as rabeprazole are frequently employed for gastric acid inhibition. However, long-term PPI administration can alter the intestinal microbiome composition, possibly worsening IBD severity. The present study revealed that tegoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, significantly improved colitis in mice and enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Tegoprazan alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis and enhanced the growth of Bacteroides vulgatus. In turn, B. vulgatus alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting epithelial adhesion of pathogenic bacteria. Unlike rabeprazole, tegoprazan did not induce gut dysbiosis. Our findings provide novel insights into the potential role of tegoprazan as an intestinal protectant for IBD and as a therapeutic agent for gastric acid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cha Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Preventive and Regenerative Effect of Glutamine and Probiotics on Gastric Mucosa in an Experimental Model of Alcohol-Induced Injury in Male Holtzman Rats. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerative effect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical, experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and 350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats), and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with 8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups: the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimental phase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positive control group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic) and regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). At the end of each phase, the rats were sacrificed with sodium pentobarbital (Halathal) and a portion of their stomachs was stored in formol. Results: The evaluation of stomach tissue samples (desquamation, erythema, hyperemia) showed that in the preventive phase, glutamine shows effectiveness in comparison to glutamine with probiotic. In the regenerative phase, glutamine and glutamine with probiotic did not show significant differences. Conclusions: Glutamine and probiotics can potentially serve as a therapy for the treatment for gastritis.
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14
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Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Colucci R, Bertani L, Di Salvo C, Semeghini G, La Motta C, Giusti L, Zallocco L, Ronci M, Quattrini L, Angelucci F, Coviello V, Oh WK, Ha QTK, Németh ZH, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Preclinical Development of FA5, a Novel AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activator as an Innovative Drug for the Management of Bowel Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6325. [PMID: 34199160 PMCID: PMC8231528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs. However, ACA displays some pharmacodynamic limitations precluding its therapeutical applications. Our study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo effects of FA-5 (a novel direct AMPK activator synthesized in our laboratories) in an experimental model of colitis in rats. A set of experiments evaluated the ability of FA5 to activate AMPK and to compare the efficacy of FA5 with ACA in an experimental model of colitis. The effects of FA-5, ACA, or dexamethasone were tested in rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis to assess systemic and tissue inflammatory parameters. In in vitro experiments, FA5 induced phosphorylation, and thus the activation, of AMPK, contextually to the activation of SIRT-1. In vivo, FA5 counteracted the increase in spleen weight, improved the colon length, ameliorated macroscopic damage score, and reduced TNF and MDA tissue levels in DNBS-treated rats. Of note, FA-5 displayed an increased anti-inflammatory efficacy as compared with ACA. The novel AMPK activator FA-5 displays an improved anti-inflammatory efficacy representing a promising pharmacological tool against bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgia Semeghini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luca Quattrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vito Coviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; (W.-K.O.); (Q.T.K.H.)
| | - Quy Thi Kim Ha
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; (W.-K.O.); (Q.T.K.H.)
| | - Zoltan H. Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; (Z.H.N.); (G.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Gyorgy Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; (Z.H.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
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15
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Probiotic Candidate Strains Isolated during Fermentation of Agave ( Agave angustifolia Haw). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051063. [PMID: 34069080 PMCID: PMC8156479 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Agave species are a source of diverse products for human use, such as food, fiber, and beverages, which include mezcal, a distilled beverage produced by spontaneous fermentation. Agave is an excellent source of high amounts of sugars, minerals, and phenolic compounds, which favor the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast communities. In this work, 20 promising LAB strains with probiotic characteristics were isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. The strains belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum (15), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2), Enterococcus faecium (2), and Lactococcus lactis (1). These isolates were characterized for their resistance under gastrointestinal conditions, such as lysozyme, acid pH, and bile salts. In addition, the adherence of these LABs to human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) was tested in vitro and their antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile was determined using cellular models. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains were selected for their antioxidant properties, and their capacities in an oxidative stress model in intestinal epithelial cells IECs (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. Interestingly, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 and LM19 strains showed anti-inflammatory properties in TNF-α-stimulated HT-29 cells. Subsequently, bacterial strains exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were tested in vivo in a mouse model with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced chronic colitis. Weight loss, intestinal permeability, and cytokine profiles were measured in mice as indicators of inflammation. One of the selected strains, Lactobacillus plantarum LM17, improved the health of the mice, as observed by reduced weight loss, and significantly decreased intestinal permeability. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of LAB (and lactobacilli in particular) isolated from the agave fermentation stage in mezcal production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LM07 and Lactobacillus plantarum LM17 strains represent potential candidates for developing new probiotic supplements to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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YOLDAŞ İLKTAÇ H, KIZILTAN G, OZANSOY M, KILIÇ Ü, ÖZMEN TOĞAY S, KESKİN İ, ÖZDEMİR EM, GÜNAL MY. The Effect of Probiotic and Omega-3 Supplements on Total Oxidant and Total Antioxidant Levels in Experimental Colitis. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.865058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Oliveira RGD, Damazo AS, Antonielli LF, Miyajima F, Pavan E, Duckworth CA, Lima JCDS, Arunachalam K, Martins DTDO. Dilodendron bipinnatum Radlk. extract alleviates ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS in rats by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, IL-17 and COX-2 expressions, supporting mucus production and promotes an antioxidant effect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113735. [PMID: 33359865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dilodendron bipinnatum (Sapindaceae) stem bark decoction and macerate were used to treat uterine inflammation, pain in general, dermatitis and bone fractures. These homemade preparations also have diuretic, stimulant, expectorants and sedative effects and are effective in treating worm infections in the Brazilian Pantanal population. Our previous research confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic extract of inner stem bark of D. bipinnatum (HEDb). AIM This work aimed to investigate the efficacy of HEDb in ameliorating experimental colitis in rats and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the anti-ulcerative colitis properties of HEDb in rats and Caco-2 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects on cell viability, IL-8 and TNF-α in human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) were determined by flow cytometer and ELISA. Wistar rats (n = 6-7) were orally gavaged with, vehicle (0.9% saline), HEDb at doses of 20, 100 or 500 mg/kg, or mesalazine at a dose of 500 mg/kg, at 48, 24 and 1 h prior to the administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid via rectal administration to induce colitis. The anti-inflammatory effects of HEDb were assessed macroscopically, by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and for glutathione (GSH) concentration in the colon. Additionally, colonic histopathological analyses of UC severity were conducted by different staining methods (H&E, PAS and toluidine blue). Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified in colonic tissue by ELISA and colonic expressions of COX-2 and IL-17 were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS HEDb was shown to be non-cytotoxic with mean viability of 80% in Caco-2 cells. HEDb pre-treatments of 1, 5 or 20 μg/mL significantly reduced TNF-α production in Caco-2 cells by 21.8% (p < 0.05), 60.5 and 82.1% (p < 0.001) respectively following LPS treatment compared to LPS alone. However, no change in IL-8 production was observed. HEDb pre-treatment of rats subjected to TNBS significantly (p < 0.001) reduced colonic lesion score. Higher doses (100 and 500 mg/kg) caused a sharp downregulation of haemorrhagic damage, leukocyte infiltration, edema and restoration of mucus production. Moreover, mast cell degranulation was inhibited. Colonic MPO activity was reduced following all doses of HEDb, reaching 51.1% ± 1.51 (p < 0.05) with the highest dose. GSH concentration was restored by 58% and 70% following 100 and 500 mg/kg of HEDb, respectively. The oral treatment of HEDb at doses 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg decreased the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β at all doses in comparison to vehicle treated control. In addition, HEDb inhibited the COX-2 and IL-17 expressions with maximal effect at 500 mg/kg (60.3% and 65% respectively; p < 0.001). In all trials, the effect of HEDb at all doses being 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg was statistically comparable to mesalazine (500 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS HEDb reduces colonic damage in the TNBS colitis model and relieves oxidative and inflammatory events, at least in part, by increasing mucus production, reducing leukocyte migration and reducing TNF-α (in vivo and in vitro), IL-1β, IL-17 and COX-2 expression. Therefore, HEDb requires further investigation as a candidate for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Cuiabá (UNIC), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Aplicadas à Atenção Hospitalar, Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller (HUJM), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), MT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio Miyajima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Brench Ceará, Eusébio, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Joaquim Corsino da Silva Lima
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas Em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041067. [PMID: 33806061 PMCID: PMC8064481 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.
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Melo NMDC, Almeida MVS, Campos DMDO, Oliveira CBSD, Oliveira JIN. Animal models for inducing inflammatory bowel diseases: integrative review. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2021. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v11i1.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify and describe comparatively the chemical models of the induction of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in rodents most used and that best mimic the pathogenesis in humans. Methods: Based on an integrative review in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, it was investigated which experimental induction models were most cited in articles published from 2004 to 2020, with the descriptors "Colitis/CI", "Colitis model ulcerative" and "Intestinal inflammation model." All empirical articles that addressed one or more inflammation models in rats or mice were included. Results: 239 articles were identified; of these, only ten empirical articles were selected. The most used models were colitis induced by TNBS acid, DSS, and colitis induced by acetic acid (AA). Conclusion: It was possible to identify the most used models to promote the induction of intestinal inflammation in rats, and both models proved to be effective according to the limitations observed in the models described, suggesting the need for new works that use more well-defined protocols and that more fully represent the pathophysiological complexity of the disease.
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031016. [PMID: 33801082 PMCID: PMC8003974 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.
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Raffner Basson A, Gomez-Nguyen A, LaSalla A, Buttó L, Kulpins D, Warner A, Di Martino L, Ponzani G, Osme A, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Replacing Animal Protein with Soy-Pea Protein in an "American Diet" Controls Murine Crohn Disease-Like Ileitis Regardless of Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes Ratio. J Nutr 2021; 151:579-590. [PMID: 33484150 PMCID: PMC7948210 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current nutritional composition of the "American diet" (AD; also known as Western diet) has been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn disease (CD). OBJECTIVES This study investigated which of the 3 major macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) in the AD has the greatest impact on preventing chronic inflammation in experimental IBD mouse models. METHODS We compared 5 rodent diets designed to mirror the 2011-2012 "What We Eat in America" NHANES. Each diet had 1 macronutrient dietary source replaced. The formulated diets were AD, AD-soy-pea (animal protein replaced by soy + pea protein), AD-CHO ("refined carbohydrate" by polysaccharides), AD-fat [redistribution of the ω-6:ω-3 (n-6:n-3) PUFA ratio; ∼10:1 to 1:1], and AD-mix (all 3 "healthier" macronutrients combined). In 3 separate experiments, 8-wk-old germ-free SAMP1/YitFC mice (SAMP) colonized with human gut microbiota ("hGF-SAMP") from CD or healthy donors were fed an AD, an AD-"modified," or laboratory rodent diet for 24 wk. Two subsequent dextran sodium sulfate-colitis experiments in hGF-SAMP (12-wk-old) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6 (20-wk-old) mice, and a 6-wk feeding trial in 24-wk-old SPF SAMP were performed. Intestinal inflammation, gut metagenomics, and MS profiles were assessed. RESULTS The AD-soy-pea diet resulted in lower histology scores [mean ± SD (56.1% ± 20.7% reduction)] in all feeding trials and IBD mouse models than did other diets (P < 0.05). Compared with the AD, the AD-soy-pea correlated with increased abundance in Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostraceae (1.5-4.7 log2 and 3.0-5.1 log2 difference, respectively), glutamine (6.5 ± 0.8 compared with 3.9 ± 0.3 ng/μg stool, P = 0.0005) and butyric acid (4:0; 3.3 ± 0.5 compared with 2.54 ± 0.4 ng/μg stool, P = 0.006) concentrations, and decreased linoleic acid (18:2n-6; 5.4 ± 0.4 compared with 8.6 ± 0.3 ng/μL plasma, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Replacement of animal protein in an AD by plant-based sources reduced the severity of experimental IBD in all mouse models studied, suggesting that similar, feasible adjustments to the daily human diet could help control/prevent IBD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandria LaSalla
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ludovica Buttó
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Danielle Kulpins
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gina Ponzani
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Chidrawar V, Alsuwayt B. Defining the role of CFTR channel blocker and ClC-2 activator in DNBS induced gastrointestinal inflammation. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:291-304. [PMID: 33994824 PMCID: PMC8093574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated and/or compared the role of glibenclamide, G as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor, and lubiprostone, L as chloride channel-2 (ClC-2) activator in the 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. GI inflammation was induced by intrarectal administration of DNBS. Rats were randomly allocated in 5 groups as sham control, distilled water + DNBS, sulfasalazine (S) + DNBS, G + DNBS, and L + DNBS. All the groups were pre-treated successively for five days before the induction of colitis. One day before and the first four days after DNBS administration various parameters were studied. Later, blood chemistry, colon’s gross structure, histology, and the antioxidant load was examined. Pre-treatment with G significantly protected the change induced by DNBS concerning the change in body weight, food intake, diarrhea, occult blood in the feces, wet weight of the colon, and spleen. G because of its anti-inflammatory property down-regulated the neutrophil and WBC count and up-regulated the lymphocyte number. Moreover, G efficiently ameliorates the oxidative stress in the colon and declines the level of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde and up-regulated the level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Lubiprostone has not shown any promising effects, in fact, it causes an increase in diarrheal frequency. Our findings from this study represent that G has good potential to ameliorate GI inflammation induced by DNBS by its multiple actions including CFTR blockage and reducing the release of inflammatory markers from the MCs, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging property.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- CFTR
- CFTR, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- CLC, Chloride Channel
- ClC-2
- DAI, Disease Activity Index
- DC, Disease Control
- DM, Diabetes Mellitus
- DNBS, 2,4-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- EtOH, Ethanol
- G, Glibenclamide
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- GSH, Reduced Glutathione
- Glibenclamide
- H & E, Hematoxylin and eosin
- IAEC, Institutional Animal Ethical Committee
- IBD
- IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- L, Lubiprostone
- Lubiprostone
- MC, Mast cell
- MDA, Malonaldehyde
- MPO, Myeloperoxidase
- NCEB, National Committee of Bio Ethics
- PMS, Post-Mitochondrial Supernatant
- RBC, Red blood cells
- S, Sulfasalazine
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase levels.
- UC, Ulcerative colitis
- WBC, White blood cells
- i.p., Intraperitoneal Injection
- p.o., Per Orally
- s.c., Subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Chidrawar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsuwayt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
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Arunachalam K, Damazo AS, Macho A, Matchado MS, Pavan E, Figueiredo FDF, Oliveira DM, Duckworth CA, Thangaraj P, Leonti M, Martins DTDO. Canthin-6-one ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress. An in vivo and in silico approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114490. [PMID: 33647259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Canthin-6-one (Cant) is an indole alkaloid found in several botanical drugs used as medicines, reported to be gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal and anti-proliferative. We aimed to explore Cant in the management of colitis using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat model. Cant (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats followed by induction of colitis with TNBS. Macroscopic and histopathological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed in colon tissues. Pro- (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p70) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also quantified. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and Toll-like receptor-8 (TLR8), as putative targets, were considered through in silico analysis. Cant (5 and 25 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic and histological colon damage scores in TNBS-treated rats. MPO and MDA were reduced by up to 61.69% and 92.45%, respectively, compared to TNBS-treated rats alone. Glutathione concentration was reduced in rats administered with TNBS alone (50.00% of sham group) but restored to 72.73% (of sham group) with Cant treatment. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and VEGF were reduced, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased following Cant administration compared to rats administered TNBS alone. Docking ligation results for MAPK14 (p38α) and TLR8 with Cant, confirmed that these proteins are feasible putative targets. Cant has an anti-inflammatory effect in the intestine by down-regulating molecular immune mediators and decreasing oxidative stress. Therefore, Cant could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Área de Histologia e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Monica Steffi Matchado
- Ganga Orthopaedic Research & Education Foundation (GOREF), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Freitas Figueiredo
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Darley Maria Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Sinop-MT, Brazil
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Pallio G, Bitto A, Ieni A, Irrera N, Mannino F, Pallio S, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Scarpignato C, Minutoli L. Combined Treatment with Polynucleotides and Hyaluronic Acid Improves Tissue Repair in Experimental Colitis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100438. [PMID: 33092298 PMCID: PMC7589719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions that can benefit from the combined treatment of adenosine receptor agonists and hyaluronic acid (HA), which, binding the CD44, has pro-survival effects. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a mixture of polynucleotides and HA in an experimental model of dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. A group of 40 rats received a single intra-colonic instillation of DNBS, and after 6 h, animals were randomized to receive daily: (i) saline solution; (ii) polynucleotides (Poly; 8 mg/kg); (iii) polynucleotides (8 mg/kg) plus hyaluronic acid (HA; 15 mg/kg); and (iv) hyaluronic acid (HA; 15 mg/kg). Rats in the control group (n = 10) received saline solution only. Seven days after induction, animals receiving Poly plus HA showed reduced clinical signs, weight loss and colon shortening, ameliorated macroscopic and histological damage, and apoptosis. Moreover, the combined treatment reduced the positivity in the colonic infiltrate of CD3 positive T cells, CD20 positive B cells and CD44. Furthermore, Poly plus HA reduced colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde, indicating a dampening of the inflammatory infiltrate and oxidation products. Our research demonstrated that a combined treatment of polynucleotides with hyaluronic acid had a protective effect in a model of ulcerative colitis, suggesting that this association deserves further attention for the treatment of IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology and Evolutive Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Socrate Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Department of Health Sciences, United Campus of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta;
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShaTin, Hong Kong
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.B.); (N.I.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
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Uyttebroek L, Pype C, Hubens G, Timmermans JP, Van Nassauw L. Effect of TNBS-induced colitis on enteric neuronal subpopulations in adult zebrafish. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32875777 PMCID: PMC7459238 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is characterized by periods of acute inflammation and remission. Therapeutic management of IBD is still problematic, because of incomplete understanding its pathogenesis. This study focuses on the effect of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis on changes in enteric neuronal subpopulations in adult zebrafish. These changes are suggested to be related to the altered neuro-immune interactions and GI motility, and in IBD pathogenesis. New insights into neuroplasticity will be instrumental in finding appropriate therapeutic treatments. TNBS was intraluminally administered in the distal intestine (DI) of anesthetized adult zebrafish. A histological time course of the intestinal inflammatory response was created to establish optimal TNBS concentration and acute inflammation phase. Using double immunolabelling on whole mounts, the effect of inflammation on neuronal populations was analyzed. Based on intestinal wall thickening, epithelial fold disruption, reduced goblet cell number, and eosinophil infiltration, our analysis indicated that the optimal TNBS concentration (320 mM in 25% ethanol) inducing non-lethal inflammation reached a peak at 6 h post-induction. The inflammatory response returned to baseline values at 3 days post-induction. At the acute inflammation phase, no influence on the distribution or proportion of nitrergic neurons was observed, while only the proportion of cholinergic neurons was significantly reduced in the DI. The proportion of serotonergic neurons was significantly increased in the entire intestine during inflammation. This study describes a method of TNBS-induced colitis in the adult zebrafish. Given that the acute inflammation phase is accompanied by neuroplasticity comparable to changes observed in IBD patients, and the unique and versatile characteristics of the zebrafish, allows this model to be used alongside IBD animal models to unravel IBD pathology and to test new IBD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Uyttebroek
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp.
| | - Casper Pype
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp.
| | - Guy Hubens
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp.
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp.
| | - Luc Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp.
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26
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Formiga RDO, Alves Júnior EB, Vasconcelos RC, Guerra GCB, Antunes de Araújo A, de Carvalho TG, Garcia VB, de Araújo Junior RF, Gadelha FAAF, Vieira GC, Sobral MV, Barbosa Filho JM, Spiller F, Batista LM. p-Cymene and Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation Upkeeping ZO-1 and MUC-2: Role of Antioxidant System and Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5870. [PMID: 32824269 PMCID: PMC7461622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p-Cymene (p-C) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are secondary metabolites that are present in medicinal herbs and Mediterranean spices that have promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate their intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rats. p-C and RA (25-200 mg/kg) oral administration reduced the macroscopic lesion score, ulcerative area, intestinal weight/length ratio, and diarrheal index in TNBS-treated animals. Both compounds (200 mg/kg) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), restored glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced fluorescence intensity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). They also decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and maintained IL-10 basal levels. Furthermore, they modulated T cell populations (cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+, or CD3+CD4+CD25+) analyzed from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and colon samples, and also decreased cyclooxigenase 2 (COX-2), interferon (IFN)-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B subunit p65 (NFκB-p65) mRNA transcription, but only p-C interfered in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in inflamed colons. An increase in gene expression and positive cells immunostained for mucin type 2 (MUC-2) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) was observed. Altogether, these results indicate intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of p-C and RA involving the cytoprotection of the intestinal barrier, maintaining the mucus layer, and preserving communicating junctions, as well as through modulation of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Vinícius Barreto Garcia
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Junior
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88037-000, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
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27
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Andrade AWL, Guerra GCB, de Souza Araújo DF, de Araújo Júnior RF, de Araújo AA, de Carvalho TG, Fernandes JM, Diez-Echave P, Hidalgo-García L, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J, Zucolotto SM. Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lamarck) Leaf Extract in Experimental Colitis Models in Rodents. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:998. [PMID: 32848723 PMCID: PMC7403504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestine. Currently several therapeutic strategies available to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Though, most treatments can be associated with serious adverse effects what justifies the search for new treatments. In this sense, we highlight the interest in herbal products rich in bioactive compounds which immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties as is the case of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae). This plant is used in traditional medicine in Brazil for treating inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that hydroethanolic B. pinnatum leaf extract has intestinal anti-inflammatory effects on two experimental colitis models: 2.4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) in rats, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography method used for the quantification of the main compounds indicated good linearity, specificity, selectivity, precision, robustness and accuracy. The major flavonoids (mg/g of the extract) quantified were: quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (35.56 ± 0.086 mg/g), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4.66 ± 0.076 mg/g) and quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (4.56 ± 0.026 mg/g). The results obtained in the DNBS and DSS models indicate that extract has both chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory effects, observing a significant reduction in the disease activity index score, and less macroscopic and microscopic damage. The extract promoted downregulation of Toll-like receptor and kappa B p65 nuclear factor gene expression, leading to a reduction in pro-inflammatory and oxidative mediators, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. This immunomodulatory property was proposed that one of the possible action mechanisms of extract. An improvement in intestinal damage was also associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and infiltration of leukocytes, as evidenced by the reduction in malonaldialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity and increase in total glutathione in the colonic tissue. Moreover, the extract improved the cytoarchitecture of the colonic tissue and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier by restoring the expression of the proteins associated with mucosa protection. In view of the beneficial effects showed by the B. pinnatum leaf extract in preclinical rodent models of colitis there is the potential to conduct some future clinical studies to ensure safe and effective development of a phytotherapeutic treatment for human inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Health Science Center, Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Júlia Morais Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Diez-Echave
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Health Science Center, Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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28
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Khafipour A, Eissa N, Munyaka PM, Rabbi MF, Kapoor K, Kermarrec L, Khafipour E, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Denosumab Regulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Cytokines in Dinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (DNBS)-Experimental Colitis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1405. [PMID: 32670246 PMCID: PMC7331113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory mediator receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) plays a significant role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis; however, its role in inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. Genome-wide association meta-analysis for Crohn's disease (CD) identified a variant near the TNFSF11 gene that encodes RANKL and CD risk allele increased expression of RANKL in specific cell lines. This study aims to elucidate if the RANKL inhibitor denosumab can reduce the severity of experimental colitis and modify the gut microbiota composition using murine dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-experimental model of colitis mimicking CD. In colitic conditions, denosumab treatment significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α within the colonic mucosa. Moreover, colitis was accompanied by disruption of gut microbiota, and preventative treatment with denosumab modulated this disruption. Denosumab treatment also modified the alpha- and beta diversity of colonic mucosa and fecal microbiota. These results provide a rationale for considering denosumab as a future potential therapy in CD; however, more detailed experimental and clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Khafipour
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peris M Munyaka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mohammad F Rabbi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kunal Kapoor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laetitia Kermarrec
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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29
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Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Stem Bark of Alstonia boonei De Wild. (Apocynaceae) on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4918453. [PMID: 32565862 PMCID: PMC7277065 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4918453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most exploited species in Cameroon, Alstonia boonei is widely used in African medicine for the relief of several pathologies including gastrointestinal disorders. This study was conducted in order to assess the effects of aqueous and methanol stem-bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on DSS- (dextran sodium sulfate-) induced intestinal colitis and to determine its antioxidant potential. The classes of secondary metabolites present in these extracts were determined by chemical screening. The production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 was performed by in vitro ELISA analysis. Anticolitis effects were determined using an in vivo model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS. The colitis was induced with a double dose of DSS (3% and 1%), and the aqueous and methanol extracts were administered orally from the 6th day after commencement of induction. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of six classes of secondary metabolites in these crude extracts: tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. Methanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia boonei significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 production stimulated by LPS. Both extracts at all doses significantly reduced (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) the signs of DSS-induced colitis in the Wistar rats by decreasing inflammation and chronic colon damage. In addition, the extracts significantly (P < 0.001) reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the colon and significantly (P < 0.01) increased superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione (P < 0.05). Both extracts showed greater activity than the reference substance (prednisolone 4 mg/kg) used in this study. This study has demonstrated that aqueous and methanol extracts of Alstonia boonei stem bark have healing properties against colitis experimentally induced by DSS in rats.
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Parisio C, Lucarini E, Micheli L, Toti A, Khatib M, Mulinacci N, Calosi L, Bani D, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Pomegranate Mesocarp against Colitis-Induced Visceral Pain in Rats: Effects of a Decoction and Its Fractions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4304. [PMID: 32560291 PMCID: PMC7353021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic visceral pain related to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases or Irritable Bowel Syndrome is still a clinical problem and new therapeutic strategies continue to be investigated. In the present study, the efficacy of a pomegranate decoction and of its polysaccharide and ellagitannin components in preventing the development of colitis-induced abdominal pain in rats was evaluated. After colitis induction by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS), the pomegranate decoction (300 mg kg-1), polysaccharides (300 mg kg-1), and ellagitannins (45 mg kg-1) were orally administered for 14 days. Repeated treatment with decoction reduced visceral hypersensitivity in the colitic animals both at 7 and 14 days. Similar efficacy was shown by polysaccharides, but with lower potency. Ellagitannins administered at dose equivalent to decoction content showed higher efficacy in reducing the development of visceral pain. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations performed on the colon 14 days after the damage showed that all three preparations reduced the overall amount of mast cells, the number of degranulated mast cells, and the density of collagen fibers in the mucosal stroma. Although ellagitannins seem to be responsible for most of the beneficial effects of pomegranate on DNBS-induced colitis, the polysaccharides support and enhance its effect. Therefore, pomegranate mesocarp preparations could represent a complementary approach to conventional therapies for promoting abdominal pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Mohamad Khatib
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Division, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.K.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Division, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.K.); (N.M.)
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.G.)
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31
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D’Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Colucci R, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L, Bernardini N. Intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1564-1579. [PMID: 32327906 PMCID: PMC7167418 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of digestive and extra-digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal infections, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders, share a set of clinical features at gastrointestinal level, such as infrequent bowel movements, abdominal distension, constipation and secretory dysfunctions. Several lines of evidence indicate that morphological and molecular changes in intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric neuromuscular compartment contribute to alterations of both bowel motor and secretory functions in digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available knowledge on the morphological and molecular changes occurring in intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric neuromuscular compartment in both digestive and extra-digestive diseases. In addition, our intent was to highlight whether these morphological and molecular alterations could represent a common path (or share some common features) driving the pathophysiology of bowel motor dysfunctions and related symptoms associated with digestive and extra-digestive disorders. This assessment might help to identify novel targets of potential usefulness to develop original pharmacological approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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32
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Martínez C, Juarranz Y, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Carrión M, Pérez-García S, Villanueva-Romero R, Castro D, Lamana A, Mellado M, González-Álvaro I, Gomariz RP. A Clinical Approach for the Use of VIP Axis in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E65. [PMID: 31861827 PMCID: PMC6982157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroendocrine and immune systems are coordinated to maintain the homeostasis of the organism, generating bidirectional communication through shared mediators and receptors. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the paradigm of an endogenous neuropeptide produced by neurons and endocrine and immune cells, involved in the control of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Exogenous administration of VIP exerts therapeutic effects in models of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2). Currently, there are no curative therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and patients present complex diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic problems in daily clinical practice due to their heterogeneous nature. This review focuses on the biology of VIP and VIP receptor signaling, as well as its protective effects as an immunomodulatory factor. Recent progress in improving the stability, selectivity, and effectiveness of VIP/receptors analogues and new routes of administration are highlighted, as well as important advances in their use as biomarkers, contributing to their potential application in precision medicine. On the 50th anniversary of VIP's discovery, this review presents a spectrum of potential clinical benefits applied to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Mar Carrión
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Selene Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - David Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Amalia Lamana
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Mario Mellado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Médica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa P. Gomariz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.J.); (I.G.-C.); (M.C.); (S.P.-G.); (R.V.-R.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (R.P.G.)
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Jeong S, Lee H, Kim S, Ju S, Kim W, Cho H, Kim HY, Heo G, Im E, Yoo JW, Yoon IS, Jung Y. 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Azo-Coupled with a GPR109A Agonist Is a Colon-Targeted Anticolitic Codrug with a Reduced Risk of Skin Toxicity. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:167-179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanju Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Biotechnology & Therapeutic Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Biotechnology & Therapeutic Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Song WJ, Li Q, Ryu MO, Nam A, An JH, Jung YC, Ahn JO, Youn HY. Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-treated with TNF-alpha enhance immunomodulatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:176-184. [PMID: 31247473 PMCID: PMC7111869 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that results in various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which release immunomodulatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option for IBD treatment in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, although it is known that MSCs pre-treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines show enhanced anti-inflammatory properties via the secretion of soluble factors, the underlying mechanisms of IBD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the therapeutic effects and corresponding mechanisms of canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSCs stimulated with TNF-α in mouse models of IBD. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- or dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis were injected intraperitoneally with cAT-MSCs pre-treated with TNF-α. Colitis severity was assessed and colon tissues were collected for histopathological, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry analysis. cAT-MSCs stimulated with TNF-α secreted higher concentrations of immunomodulatory factors such as TSG-6 and PGE2, which play a key role in inducing phenotypic alterations in macrophages. Consequently, TNF-α-pre-treated cAT-MSCs further regulated colonic inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and ameliorated DSS- or DNBS-induced colitis in mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that M1 macrophages (F4/80+/iNOS+ cells) were decreased in colon tissues from mice treated with TNF-α-pre-treated cAT-MSCs, whereas M2 macrophages (F4/80+/CD206+ cells) were increased. These results may suggest a new cell-based therapeutic option for treating IBD. Canine AT-MSCs stimulated with TNF-α enhanced immunomodulatory factor secretion. TNF-α-stimulated cAT-MSCs showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects during experimental colitis. TNF-α-stimulated cAT-MSCs induced M2 macrophage phenotypic alterations in the colon. Preconditioning canine AT-MSCs with TNF-α could be applicable to dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryung Nam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- Chaon, A-301-3, 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341 Chuncheon, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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De Meyer F, Eeckhaut V, Ducatelle R, Dhaenens M, Daled S, Dedeurwaerder A, De Gussem M, Haesebrouck F, Deforce D, Van Immerseel F. Host intestinal biomarker identification in a gut leakage model in broilers. Vet Res 2019; 50:46. [PMID: 31215487 PMCID: PMC6582533 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal health problems are a major issue in the poultry industry. Quantifiable easy-to-measure biomarkers for intestinal health would be of great value to monitor subclinical intestinal entities that cause performance problems and to evaluate control methods for intestinal health. The aim of the study was to identify host protein biomarkers for intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage. Proteomic analysis was conducted on ileal and colonic content samples of broilers under an experimental gut damage and inflammation model. Effects of the challenge treatment resulted in a worse gut condition based on macroscopic gut appearance (p < 0.0001). Also microscopic changes such as shortening of the villi and increased crypt depth (p < 0.0001) as well as higher infiltration of T-lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) were seen in the duodenal tissue of challenged animals. Several candidate proteins associated with inflammation, serum leakage and/or tissue damage were identified with an increased abundance in intestinal content of challenged animals (p < 0.05). Conversely, brush border enzymes were less abundant in intestinal content of challenged animals (p < 0.05). These candidate biomarkers have potential to be used in the field for detection of gut barrier failure in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien De Meyer
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Daled
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten De Gussem
- Poulpharm BVBA, Prins Albertlaan 112, 8870, Izegem, Belgium.,Vetworks BVBA, Knokstraat 38, 9880, Poeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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36
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Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 protects DNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210854. [PMID: 30818368 PMCID: PMC6394946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 (EF-2001) on a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A total of 28 female NC/Nga mice were divided into 4 treatment groups. Controls were fed a normal commercial diet. In the experimental groups, colitis was induced by rectal administration of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Two groups were orally administered 2 and 17 mg/kg EF-2001, respectively. EF-2001 treatment decreased the expression of several cytokines, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in inflamed colon compared to the DNBS alone group. In addition, EF-2001 suppressed DNBS-induced colonic tissue destruction. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that EF-2001 could alleviate the inflammation associated with mouse IBD.
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37
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Ryan NM, Oghumu S. Role of mast cells in the generation of a T-helper type 2 dominated anti-helminthic immune response. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181771. [PMID: 30670631 PMCID: PMC6379226 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are long-lived, innate immune cells of the myeloid lineage which are found in peripheral tissues located throughout the body, and positioned at the interface between the host and the environment. Mast cells are found in high concentrations during helminth infection. Using Kitw-sh mast cell deficient mice, a recently published study in Bioscience Reports by Gonzalez et al. (Biosci. Rep., 2018) focused on the role of mast cells in the immune response to infection by the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta The authors showed that mast cells play a role in the modulation of Th2 immune response characterized by a unique IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokine profile, as well as subsequent robust worm expulsion during H. diminuta infection. Unlike WT mice which expelled H. diminuta at day 10, Kitw-sh deficient mice displayed delayed worm expulsion (day 14 post infection). Further, a possible role for mast cells in the basal expression of cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin was described. Deletion of neutrophils in Kitw-sh deficient mice enhanced H. diminuta expulsion, which was accompanied by splenomegaly. However, interactions between mast cells and other innate and adaptive immune cells during helminth infections are yet to be fully clarified. We conclude that the elucidation of mechanisms underlying mast cell interactions with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system during infection by helminths can potentially uncover novel therapeutic applications against inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Ryan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.
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38
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Endoscopic Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets in Experimental Colitis in Rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11314. [PMID: 30054522 PMCID: PMC6063883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the recent progress in regenerative medicine technology, clinical trials that harnessed the regeneration and immune modulation potentiality of stem cells for treating IBD have shown promising results. We investigated the feasibility and utility of intraluminal endoscopic transplantation of rat MSC sheets in murine models of experimental colitis for targeted delivery of stem cells to lesions. We isolated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) from EGFP-transgenic rats and fabricated the cells in sheet forms using temperature-responsive culture dishes. The MSC sheets were endoscopically transplanted to the inflamed area in electrocoagulation and DNBS colitis model. The effect of the transplantation was verified using endoscopic scoring and histological analysis. In the electrocoagulation model, the AD-MSC group showed significantly decreased ulcer size in the transplanted regions. In the DNBS colitis model, the AD-MSC group showed decreased inflammation and colitis in the transplanted regions. Histologic analysis showed that the MSC sheets had successfully attached to the inflamed mucosa in both the electrocoagulation and DNBS colitis model. Our results show that endoscopic transplantation of MSC sheets could be a new effective mode of stem cell therapy for IBD treatment.
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T-Bet Is Dependent on Stat-4 Inhibiting Acute Colitis but Not Stat-1 Using L4 Somatic Antigen of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:8571920. [PMID: 29977172 PMCID: PMC6011060 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8571920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths may alter the immunoinflammatory reactions of colitis. Proteins derived from H. polygyrus have prospective therapy for colitis. The goal of this study was to interpret the protective mechanisms of L4 somatic antigen (LSA) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus against an inflammatory response to the pathogenesis of DNBS-induced colitis. Colitis was actuated in mice by rectal instillation of DNBS. The mice were randomly divided into five groups containing control, DNBS alone, and three groups, with different doses of LSA (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), respectively. Mice initiated colitis by rectal administration of DNBS and after that were immunized with LSA for 14 days. Mice treated with LSA inhibited wasting disease compared with DNBS only group. The percentages of cells producing IFN-γ were reduced by LSA treatment. The level of T lymphocytes CD4+IFN-γ+ cells in the LPL was significantly diminished by LSA at both 100 and 200 μg/mL groups (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of T-bet was significantly declined in LSA immunized mice, but not RORγ-T mRNA, whereas GATA-3 expression tended to increase. The activation of STAT-4 significantly reduced LSA-treated mice but not STAT-1. It can be concluded that T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-γ in colitis.
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40
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Doligalska M. Helminth Therapy: Advances in the use of Parasitic Worms Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and its Challenges. Helminthologia 2018; 55:1-11. [PMID: 31662622 PMCID: PMC6799527 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of modern medicine and better living conditions in the 20th century helped in reducing a number of cases of infectious diseases. During the same time, expansion of autoimmunological disorders was noticed. Among other are Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease which are chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Absence of effective treatment in standard therapies effects the search for alternative opportunities. As per hygienic hypothesis increasing number of cases of autoimmune diseases is as a result of reduced exposure to pathogens, especially parasites. Thus, one of the promising remedial acts against IBD and other allergic and autoimmune disorders is "helminth therapy". Cure with helminths seems to be the most effective therapy of IBD currently proposed. Helminth therapy focuses on advantageous results that have been obtained from the clinical trials, but its mechanisms are still unclear. Explanation of this phenomenon would help to develop new drugs against IBD based on helminth immunomodulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - K. Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Effect of predatory bacteria on the gut bacterial microbiota in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43483. [PMID: 28262674 PMCID: PMC5337950 DOI: 10.1038/srep43483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are obligate predators of other Gram-negative bacteria and are considered potential alternatives to antibiotics. Most studies focusing on predatory bacteria have been performed in vitro, thus the effect of predatory bacteria on a live host, including the impact on the ecology of the native microbiota, has yet to be fully examined. In this study, intrarectal inoculations of Sprague-Dawley rats with predatory bacteria were performed. Additionally, feces were collected for seven days post-inoculation to determine the effect on gut bacterial diversity. Rat colonic tissue exhibited no abnormal histopathological effects due to predatory bacteria. A modest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured in the colons of rats inoculated with predatory bacteria by 24 and 48 hours, with all but IL-13 returning to baseline by seven days. V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA demonstrated minimal shifts in taxonomic representation over the week due to predatory bacteria. Changes in bacterial populations due to exposure to B. bacteriovorus are predicted to contribute to health, however, an overgrowth of Prevotella was observed due to exposure to M. aeruginosavorus. This study further addresses safety concerns associated with the potential use of predatory bacteria to treat infections.
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Travelli C, Aprile S, Rahimian R, Grolla AA, Rogati F, Bertolotti M, Malagnino F, di Paola R, Impellizzeri D, Fusco R, Mercalli V, Massarotti A, Stortini G, Terrazzino S, Del Grosso E, Fakhfouri G, Troiani MP, Alisi MA, Grosa G, Sorba G, Canonico PL, Orsomando G, Cuzzocrea S, Genazzani AA, Galli U, Tron GC. Identification of Novel Triazole-Based Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Inhibitors Endowed with Antiproliferative and Antiinflammatory Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1768-1792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center
of the Mental Health Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Rogati
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Floriana Malagnino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosanna di Paola
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercalli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stortini
- Department
of Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Pia Troiani
- R&D, Angelini Research Center, Piazzale della Stazione, 00040 S. Palomba-Pomezia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorba
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Department
of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 67, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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43
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Eissa N, Kermarrec L, Hussein H, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Appropriateness of reference genes for normalizing messenger RNA in mouse 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis using quantitative real time PCR. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42427. [PMID: 28186172 PMCID: PMC5301225 DOI: 10.1038/srep42427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis is an experimental model that mimics Crohn's disease. Appropriateness of reference genes is crucial for RT-qPCR. This is the first study to determine the stability of reference gene expression (RGE) in mice treated with DNBS. DNBS experimental Colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice. RNA was extracted from colon tissue and comprehensive analysis of 13 RGE was performed according to predefined criteria. Relative colonic TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels were calculated. Colitis significantly altered the stability of mucosal RGE. Commonly used glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), β-actin (Actb), or β2-microglobulin (β2m) showed the highest fluctuation within the inflamed and control groups. Conversely, ribosomal protein large P0 (Rplp0), non-POU domain containing (Nono), TATA-box-binding protein (Tbp) and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (Eef2) were not affected by inflammation and were the most stable genes. TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels was dependent on the reference gene used and varied from significant when the most stable genes were used to non-significant when the least stable genes were used. The appropriate choice of RGE is critical to guarantee satisfactory normalization of RT-qPCR data when using DNBS-Model. We recommend using Rplp0, Nono, Tbp, Hprt and Eef2 instead of common reference genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Hayam Hussein
- Large Animal Medicine, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Internal Medicine section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Internal Medicine section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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44
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Dinh CHL, Yu Y, Szabo A, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Huang XF. Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:237-55. [PMID: 26920068 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416631803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces chronic, low-grade inflammation, which increases the risk of colon cancer. We investigated the preventive effects of Bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation in a mouse colon. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=7) were fed a HFD (HFD group), HFD plus BARD (10 mg/kg) in drinking water (HFD/BARD group), or normal laboratory chow diet (LFD group) for 21 weeks. In HFD mice, BARD reduced colon thickness and decreased colon weight per length. This was associated with an increase in colon crypt depth and the number of goblet cells per crypt. BARD reduced the expression of F4/80 and CD11c but increased CD206 and IL-10, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. BARD prevented an increase of the intracellular pro-inflammatory biomarkers (NF-қB, p NF-қB, IL-6, TNF-α) and cell proliferation markers (Cox2 and Ki67). BARD prevented fat deposition in the colon wall and prevented microbial population changes. Overall, we report the preventive effects of BARD on colon inflammation in HFD-fed mice through its regulation of macrophages, NF-қB, cytokines, Cox2 and Ki67, fat deposition and microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H L Dinh
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia (CHLD, YY, AS, QZ, XH)
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia (CHLD, YY, AS, QZ, XH)
| | - Alexander Szabo
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia (CHLD, YY, AS, QZ, XH),ANSTO LifeSciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia (AS)
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia (CHLD, YY, AS, QZ, XH)
| | - Peng Zhang
- XuZhou Medical College, Jiangsu Province 221004, The People's Republic of China (PZ)
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia (CHLD, YY, AS, QZ, XH)
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45
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Xiong Y, Wang J, Chu H, Chen D, Guo H. Salvianolic Acid B Restored Impaired Barrier Function via Downregulation of MLCK by microRNA-1 in Rat Colitis Model. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:134. [PMID: 27303297 PMCID: PMC4880571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is isolated from the traditional Chinese medical herb Salvia miltiorrhiza and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sal B on epithelial barrier dysfunction in rat colitis and to uncover related mechanisms. Rat colitis model was established by intracolonic administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The intestinal barrier function was evaluated by measuring the serum recovery of fluorescein isothiocyanate-4 kD dextran in vivo and transepithelial electrical resistance in vitro respectively. The protein expression related to intestinal barrier function was studied using western blotting. The effects of Sal B on inflammatory responses, oxidative damage and colitis recurrence were also studied in this study. The intestinal barrier dysfunction in colitis was reversed by Sal B, accompanied with the decrease of tight junction proteins, and the effect could be blocked by microRNA-1(miR-1) inhibition. The inflammatory responses, oxidative damage and colitis recurrence were also decreased by Sal B. The colitis symptoms and recurrences were ameliorated by Sal B, and restoration of impaired barrier function via downregulation of MLCK by miR-1 maybe involved in this effect. This study provides some novel insights into both of the pathological mechanisms and treatment alternatives of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- Institute for Brain Disorder, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Chen
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
- Huishu Guo
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Rodriguez-Palacios A, Kodani T, Kaydo L, Pietropaoli D, Corridoni D, Howell S, Katz J, Xin W, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Stereomicroscopic 3D-pattern profiling of murine and human intestinal inflammation reveals unique structural phenotypes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7577. [PMID: 26154811 PMCID: PMC4510646 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histology is fundamental to assess two-dimensional intestinal inflammation; however, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are often indistinguishable microscopically on the basis of mucosal biopsies. Here, we use stereomicroscopy (SM) to rapidly profile the entire intestinal topography and assess inflammation. We examine the mucosal surface of >700 mice (encompassing >16 strains and various IBD-models), create a profiling catalogue of 3D-stereomicroscopic abnormalities and demonstrate that mice with comparable histological scores display unique sub-clusters of 3D-structure-patterns of IBD pathology, which we call 3D-stereoenterotypes, and which are otherwise indiscernible histologically. We show that two ileal IBD-stereoenterotypes ('cobblestones' versus 'villous mini-aggregation') cluster separately within two distinct mouse lines of spontaneous ileitis, suggesting that host genetics drive unique and divergent inflammatory 3D-structural patterns in the gut. In humans, stereomicroscopy reveals 'liquefaction' lesions and hierarchical fistulous complexes, enriched with clostridia/segmented filamentous bacteria, running under healthy mucosa in Crohn's disease. We suggest that stereomicroscopic (3D-SMAPgut) profiling can be easily implemented and enable the comprehensive study of inflammatory 3D structures, genetics and flora in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kodani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Scott Howell
- Department of Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeffry Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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47
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Wu X, Conlin VS, Morampudi V, Ryz NR, Nasser Y, Bhinder G, Bergstrom KS, Yu HB, Waterhouse CCM, Buchan AMJ, Popescu OE, Gibson WT, Waschek JA, Vallance BA, Jacobson K. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide promotes intestinal barrier homeostasis and protection against colitis in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125225. [PMID: 25932952 PMCID: PMC4416880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder associated with changes in neuropeptide expression and function, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP regulates intestinal vasomotor and secretomotor function and motility; however, VIP's role in development and maintenance of colonic epithelial barrier homeostasis is unclear. Using VIP deficient (VIPKO) mice, we investigated VIP's role in epithelial barrier homeostasis, and susceptibility to colitis. Colonic crypt morphology and epithelial barrier homeostasis were assessed in wildtype (WT) and VIPKO mice, at baseline. Colitic responses were evaluated following dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) or dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. Mice were also treated with exogenous VIP. At baseline, VIPKO mice exhibited distorted colonic crypts, defects in epithelial cell proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis, and altered permeability. VIPKO mice also displayed reduced goblet cell numbers, and reduced expression of secreted goblet cell factors mucin 2 and trefoil factor 3. These changes were associated with reduced expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), a master regulator of intestinal function and homeostasis. DNBS and DSS-induced colitis were more severe in VIPKO than WT mice. VIP treatment rescued the phenotype, protecting VIPKO mice against DSS colitis, with results comparable to WT mice. In conclusion, VIP plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of colonic epithelial barrier integrity under physiological conditions and promotes epithelial repair and homeostasis during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victoria S. Conlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijay Morampudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha R. Ryz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ganive Bhinder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirk S. Bergstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Hong B. Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Oana E. Popescu
- Department of Pathology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William T. Gibson
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James A. Waschek
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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48
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Gibson DL, Gill SK, Brown K, Tasnim N, Ghosh S, Innis S, Jacobson K. Maternal exposure to fish oil primes offspring to harbor intestinal pathobionts associated with altered immune cell balance. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:24-32. [PMID: 25559197 PMCID: PMC4615215 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2014.997610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that offspring from rat dams fed fish oil (at 8% and 18% energy), developed impaired intestinal barriers sensitizing the colon to exacerbated injury later in life. To discern the mechanism, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to fish oil, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), caused abnormal intestinal reparative responses to mucosal injury through differences in intestinal microbiota and the presence of naïve immune cells. To identify such mechanisms, gut microbes and naïve immune cells were compared between rat pups born to dams fed either n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA or breeder chow. Maternal exposure to either of the PUFA rich diets altered the development of the intestinal microbiota with an overall reduction in microbial density. Using qPCR, we found that each type of PUFA differentially altered the major gut phyla; fish oil increased Bacteroidetes and safflower oil increased Firmicutes. Both PUFA diets reduced microbes known to dominate the infant gut like Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteria spp. when compared to the chow group. Uniquely, maternal fish oil diets resulted in offspring showing blooms of opportunistic pathogens like Bilophila wadsworthia, Enterococcus faecium and Bacteroides fragilis in their gut microbiota. As well, fish oil groups showed a reduction in colonic CD8+ T cells, CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells and arginase+ M2 macrophages. In conclusion, fish oil supplementation in pharmacological excess, at 18% by energy as shown in this study, provides an example where excess dosing in utero can prime offspring to harbor intestinal pathobionts and alter immune cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DL Gibson
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada,Correspondence to: DL Gibson;
| | - SK Gill
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - K Brown
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - N Tasnim
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - S Innis
- Department of Pediatrics; Division Gastroenterology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics; Division Gastroenterology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
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