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Gao Y, Shelling AN, Nolan E, Porter D, Leung E, Wu Z. Liposome-enabled bufalin and doxorubicin combination therapy for trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer with a focus on cancer stem cells. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:489-506. [PMID: 38269490 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2305866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a key role in therapeutic resistance in breast cancer treatments and disease recurrence. This study aimed to develop a combination therapy loaded with pH-sensitive liposomes to kill both BCSCs and the okbulk cancer cells using trastuzumab-sensitive and resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer cell models. The anti-BCSCs effect and cytotoxicity of all-trans retinoic acid, salinomycin, and bufalin alone or in combination with doxorubicin were compared in HER2+ cell line BT-474 and a validated trastuzumab-resistant cell line, BT-474R. The most potent anti-BCSC agent was selected and loaded into a pH-sensitive liposome system. The effects of the liposomal combination on BCSCs and bulk cancer cells were assessed. Compared with BT-474, the aldehyde dehydrogenase positive BCSC population was elevated in BT-474R (3.9 vs. 23.1%). Bufalin was the most potent agent and suppressed tumorigenesis of BCSCs by ∼50%, and showed strong synergism with doxorubicin in both BT-474 and BT-474R cell lines. The liposomal combination of bufalin and doxorubicin significantly reduced the BCSC population size by 85%, and inhibited both tumorigenesis and self-renewal, although it had little effect on the migration and invasiveness. The cytotoxicity against the bulk cancer cells was also enhanced by the liposomal combination than either formulation alone in both cell lines (p < 0.001). The liposomal bufalin and doxorubicin combination therapy may effectively target both BCSCs and bulk cancer cells for a better outcome in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Nolan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Porter
- Auckland Regional Cancer and Blood Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Farhangnia P, Ghods R, Falak R, Zarnani AH, Delbandi AA. Identification of placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC-1) expression on human PC-3 cell line-derived prostate cancer stem cells compared to the tumor parental cells. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:251. [PMID: 38943028 PMCID: PMC11213845 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC-1) is a gene primarily expressed in the placenta and the testis. Interestingly, it is also found to be expressed in many solid tumors, and it is involved in malignant cell features. However, no evidence has been reported regarding the relationship between PLAC-1 and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the current research, we explored the expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) derived from the human PC-3 cell line. The enrichment of PCSCs was achieved using a three-dimensional cell culture technique known as the sphere-formation assay. To confirm the identity of PCSCs, we examined the expression of genes associated with stemness and pluripotency, such as SOX2, OCT4, Nanog, C-Myc, and KLF-4, as well as stem cell differentiation molecules like CD44 and CD133. These evaluations were conducted in both the PCSCs and the original tumor cells (parental cells) using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we assessed the expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in both enriched cells and parental tumor cells at the gene and protein levels using the same techniques. The tumor cells from the PC-3 cell line formed spheroids with CSC characteristics in a non-adherent medium. The expression of SOX2, OCT4, Nanog, and C-Myc genes (p < 0.01), and the molecules CD44 and CD133 (p < 0.05) were significantly elevated in PCSCs compared to the parental cells. The expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in PCSCs showed a significant increase compared to the parental cells at both gene (p < 0.01) and protein (p < 0.001) levels. In conclusion, it was indicated for the first time that PLAC-1 is up-regulated in PCSCs derived from human PC-3 cell line. This study may propose PLAC-1 as a potential target in targeted therapies, which should be confirmed through further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Jardin I, Alvarado S, Jimenez-Velarde V, Nieto-Felipe J, Lopez JJ, Salido GM, Smani T, Rosado JA. Orai1α and Orai1β support calcium entry and mammosphere formation in breast cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19471. [PMID: 37945647 PMCID: PMC10636192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Orai1 is the pore-forming subunit of the Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ channels that mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in excitable and non-excitable cells. Two Orai1 forms have been identified in mammalian cells, the full-length variant Orai1α, and the short form Orai1β, lacking the N-terminal 63 amino acids. Stem cells were isolated from non-tumoral breast epithelial cells of the MCF10A cell line, and the most representative ER+ , HER2 or triple negative breast cancer cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Orai and TRPC family members expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were analyzed by confocal microscopy using Fluo 4 and the spheroid-forming ability and self-renewal was estimated in culture plates coated with pHEMA using a cell imaging system. Here, we have characterized the expression of Orai family members and several TRPC channels at the transcript level in breast stem cells (BSC) derived from the non-tumoral breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) derived from the well-known estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 and triple negative cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Furthermore, we have evaluated the mammosphere formation efficiency and self-renewal of the BSC and BCSC. Next, through a combination of Orai1 knockdown by iRNA and the use of MDA-MB-231 KO cells, missing the native Orai1, transfected with plasmids encoding for either Orai1α or Orai1β, we show that Orai1 is essential for mammosphere formation and self-renewal efficiency in BCSC derived from triple negative and HER2 subtypes cell cultures, while this channel has a negligible effect in BCSC derived from ER+ cells as well as in non-tumoral BSC. Both, Orai1α, and Orai1β support SOCE in MDA-MB-231-derived BCSC with similar efficiency, as well as COX activation and mammosphere formation. These findings provide evidence of the functional role of Orai1α and Orai1β in spheroid forming efficiency and self-renewal in breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
| | - Sandra Alvarado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Vanesa Jimenez-Velarde
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Joel Nieto-Felipe
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose J Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiologia Medica y Biofisica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
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4
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Hossain F, Ucar DA, Monticone G, Ran Y, Majumder S, Larter K, Luu H, Wyczechowska D, Heidari S, Xu K, Shanthalingam S, Matossian M, Xi Y, Burow M, Collins-Burow B, Del Valle L, Hicks C, Zabaleta J, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Sulindac sulfide as a non-immune suppressive γ-secretase modulator to target triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244159. [PMID: 37901240 PMCID: PMC10612326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive tumors with high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Current pharmacological treatment options remain largely limited to chemotherapy. Despite promising results, the efficacy of immunotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy in TNBC remains limited. There is strong evidence supporting the involvement of Notch signaling in TNBC progression. Expression of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 correlate with poor prognosis. Notch inhibitors, including g-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), are quite effective in preclinical models of TNBC. However, the success of GSIs in clinical trials has been limited by their intestinal toxicity and potential for adverse immunological effects, since Notch plays key roles in T-cell activation, including CD8 T-cells in tumors. Our overarching goal is to replace GSIs with agents that lack their systemic toxicity and ideally, do not affect tumor immunity. We identified sulindac sulfide (SS), the active metabolite of FDA-approved NSAID sulindac, as a potential candidate to replace GSIs. Methods We investigated the pharmacological and immunotherapeutic properties of SS in TNBC models in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo. Results We confirmed that SS, a known γ-secretase modulator (GSM), inhibits Notch1 cleavage in TNBC cells. SS significantly inhibited mammosphere growth in all human and murine TNBC models tested. In a transplantable mouse TNBC tumor model (C0321), SS had remarkable single-agent anti-tumor activity and eliminated Notch1 protein expression in tumors. Importantly, SS did not inhibit Notch cleavage in T- cells, and the anti-tumor effects of SS were significantly enhanced when combined with a-PD1 immunotherapy in our TNBC organoids and in vivo. Discussion Our data support further investigation of SS for the treatment of TNBC, in conjunction with chemo- or -chemo-immunotherapy. Repurposing an FDA-approved, safe agent for the treatment of TNBC may be a cost-effective, rapidly deployable therapeutic option for a patient population in need of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A. Ucar
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Giulia Monticone
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacological and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kristina Larter
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hanh Luu
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Soroor Heidari
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Keli Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matthew Burow
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Todd Golde
- Department of Pharmacological and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Danev N, Harman RM, Oliveira L, Huntimer L, Van de Walle GR. Bovine milk-derived cells express transcriptome markers of pluripotency and secrete bioactive factors with regenerative and antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12600. [PMID: 37537239 PMCID: PMC10400535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine mammary stem/progenitor cell secretome stimulates regeneration in vitro and contains proteins associated with antimicrobial defense. This has led to the exploration of the secretome as a biologic treatment for mastitis, a costly inflammation of the udder commonly caused by bacteria. This study reports on a population of bovine mammary stem/progenitor cells isolated non-invasively from milk (MiDCs). MiDCs were characterized by immunophenotyping, mammosphere formation assays, and single cell RNA sequencing. They displayed epithelial morphology, exhibited markers of mammary stem/progenitor cells, and formed mammospheres, like mammary gland tissue-isolated stem/progenitor cells. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed two sub-populations of MiDCs: epithelial cells and macrophages. Functionally, the MiDC secretome increased fibroblast migration, promoted angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and inhibited the growth of mastitis-associated bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, in vitro. These qualities of MiDCs render them a source of stem cells and stem cell products that may be used to treat diseases affecting the dairy industry, including mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Danev
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leane Oliveira
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Lucas Huntimer
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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6
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Ortiz MMO, Andrechek ER. Molecular Characterization and Landscape of Breast cancer Models from a multi-omics Perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:12. [PMID: 37269418 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is well-known to be a highly heterogenous disease. This facet of cancer makes finding a research model that mirrors the disparate intrinsic features challenging. With advances in multi-omics technologies, establishing parallels between the various models and human tumors is increasingly intricate. Here we review the various model systems and their relation to primary breast tumors using available omics data platforms. Among the research models reviewed here, breast cancer cell lines have the least resemblance to human tumors since they have accumulated many mutations and copy number alterations during their long use. Moreover, individual proteomic and metabolomic profiles do not overlap with the molecular landscape of breast cancer. Interestingly, omics analysis revealed that the initial subtype classification of some breast cancer cell lines was inappropriate. In cell lines the major subtypes are all well represented and share some features with primary tumors. In contrast, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) are superior in mirroring human breast cancers at many levels, making them suitable models for drug screening and molecular analysis. While patient derived organoids are spread across luminal, basal- and normal-like subtypes, the PDX samples were initially largely basal but other subtypes have been increasingly described. Murine models offer heterogenous tumor landscapes, inter and intra-model heterogeneity, and give rise to tumors of different phenotypes and histology. Murine models have a reduced mutational burden compared to human breast cancer but share some transcriptomic resemblance, and representation of many breast cancer subtypes can be found among the variety subtypes. To date, while mammospheres and three- dimensional cultures lack comprehensive omics data, these are excellent models for the study of stem cells, cell fate decision and differentiation, and have also been used for drug screening. Therefore, this review explores the molecular landscapes and characterization of breast cancer research models by comparing recent published multi-omics data and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena M O Ortiz
- Genetics and Genomics Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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7
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Adams CM, Mitra R, Xiao Y, Michener P, Palazzo J, Chao A, Gour J, Cassel J, Salvino JM, Eischen CM. Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1210-1229. [PMID: 36734633 PMCID: PMC10164114 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) frequently inactivate p53, increasing their aggressiveness and therapy resistance. We identified an unexpected protein vulnerability in p53-inactivated TNBC and designed a new PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) to target it. Our PROTAC selectively targets MDM2 for proteasome-mediated degradation with high-affinity binding and VHL recruitment. MDM2 loss in p53 mutant/deleted TNBC cells in two-dimensional/three-dimensional culture and TNBC patient explants, including relapsed tumors, causes apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Our MDM2-PROTAC is stable in vivo, and treatment of TNBC xenograft-bearing mice demonstrates tumor on-target efficacy with no toxicity to normal cells, significantly extending survival. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of p53 family target genes. Investigations showed activation and a required role for TAp73 to mediate MDM2-PROTAC-induced apoptosis. Our data, challenging the current MDM2/p53 paradigm, show MDM2 is required for p53-inactivated TNBC cell survival, and PROTAC-targeted MDM2 degradation is an innovative potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC and superior to existing MDM2 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE p53-inactivated TNBC is an aggressive, therapy-resistant, and lethal breast cancer subtype. We designed a new compound targeting an unexpected vulnerability we identified in TNBC. Our MDM2-targeted degrader kills p53-inactivated TNBC cells, highlighting the requirement for MDM2 in TNBC cell survival and as a new therapeutic target for this disease. See related commentary by Peuget and Selivanova, p. 1043. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter Michener
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen Chao
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Seo J, Park M, Ko D, Kim S, Park JM, Park S, Nam KD, Farrand L, Yang J, Seok C, Jung E, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Seo JH. Ebastine impairs metastatic spread in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting focal adhesion kinase. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:132. [PMID: 37185776 PMCID: PMC10130003 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We sought to investigate the utility of ebastine (EBA), a second-generation antihistamine with potent anti-metastatic properties, in the context of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-suppression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). EBA binds to the tyrosine kinase domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), blocking phosphorylation at the Y397 and Y576/577 residues. FAK-mediated JAK2/STAT3 and MEK/ERK signaling was attenuated after EBA challenge in vitro and in vivo. EBA treatment induced apoptosis and a sharp decline in the expression of the BCSC markers ALDH1, CD44 and CD49f, suggesting that EBA targets BCSC-like cell populations while reducing tumor bulk. EBA administration significantly impeded BCSC-enriched tumor burden, angiogenesis and distant metastasis while reducing MMP-2/-9 levels in circulating blood in vivo. Our findings suggest that EBA may represent an effective therapeutic for the simultaneous targeting of JAK2/STAT3 and MEK/ERK for the treatment of molecularly heterogeneous TNBC with divergent profiles. Further investigation of EBA as an anti-metastatic agent for the treatment of TNBC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Ko
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dal Nam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Farrand
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jinsol Yang
- Galux Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08738, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaok Seok
- Galux Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08738, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Guro Hospital Campus, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Guu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Guro Hospital Campus, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Guu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Guro Hospital Campus, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Guu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Guro Hospital Campus, Korea University, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Guu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Karalis T, Shiau AK, Gahman TC, Skandalis SS, Heldin CH, Heldin P. Identification of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hyaluronan Synthesis, DDIT, Targeting Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235800. [PMID: 36497283 PMCID: PMC9741431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women. Breast cancer cells synthesize large amounts of hyaluronan to assist their proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Accumulation of hyaluronan and overexpression of its receptor CD44 and hyaluronidase TMEM2 in breast tumors correlate with tumor progression and reduced overall survival of patients. Currently, the only known small molecule inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis is 4-methyl-umbelliferone (4-MU). Due to the importance of hyaluronan for breast cancer progression, our aim was to identify new, potent and chemically distinct inhibitors of its synthesis. Here, we report a new small molecule inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, the thymidine analog 5'-Deoxy-5'-(1,3-Diphenyl-2-Imidazolidinyl)-Thymidine (DDIT). This compound is more potent than 4-MU and displays significant anti-tumorigenic properties. Specifically, DDIT inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cancer stem cell self-renewal by suppressing HAS-synthesized hyaluronan. DDIT appears as a promising lead compound for the development of inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis with potential usefulness in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karalis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew K. Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy C. Gahman
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-4714733
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10
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Fayez S, Bruhn T, Feineis D, Assi LA, Kushwaha PP, Kumar S, Bringmann G. Naphthylisoindolinone alkaloids: the first ring-contracted naphthylisoquinolines, from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus, with cytotoxic activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28916-28928. [PMID: 36320727 PMCID: PMC9555057 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The West African liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus is a rich source of structurally most diverse naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. From its roots, a series of four novel representatives, named ancistrobrevolines A-D (14-17) have now been isolated, displaying an unprecedented heterocyclic ring system, where the usual isoquinoline entity is replaced by a ring-contracted isoindolinone part. Their constitutions were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations at the chiral axis and at the stereogenic center were assigned by using experimental and computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) investigations and a ruthenium-mediated oxidative degradation, respectively. For the biosynthetic origin of the isoindolinones from 'normal' naphthyltetrahydroisoquinolines, a hypothetic pathway is presented. It involves oxidative decarboxylation steps leading to a ring contraction by a benzilic acid rearrangement. Ancistrobrevolines A (14) and B (15) were found to display moderate cytotoxic effects (up to 72%) against MCF-7 breast and A549 lung cancer cells and to reduce the formation of spheroids (mammospheres) in the breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of WürzburgAm HublandD-97074 WürzburgGermany,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 111566 CairoEgypt
| | - Torsten Bruhn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 111566 CairoEgypt
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of WürzburgAm HublandD-97074 WürzburgGermany
| | - Laurent Aké Assi
- Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentMax-Dohrn-Str. 8-10D-10589 BerlinGermany
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Centre National de Floristique, Université d'AbidjanConservatoire et Jardin BotaniqueAbidjan 08Ivory Coast,Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of PunjabBathinda-151401PunjabIndia
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Centre National de Floristique, Université d'AbidjanConservatoire et Jardin BotaniqueAbidjan 08Ivory Coast
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of WürzburgAm HublandD-97074 WürzburgGermany
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11
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Cheng GJ, Leung EY, Singleton DC. In vitro breast cancer models for studying mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:297-320. [PMID: 36045910 PMCID: PMC9400723 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of endocrine resistance is a common reason for the failure of endocrine therapies in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This review provides an overview of the different types of in vitro models that have been developed as tools for studying endocrine resistance. In vitro models include cell lines that have been rendered endocrine-resistant by ex vivo treatment; cell lines with de novo resistance mechanisms, including genetic alterations; three-dimensional (3D) spheroid, co-culture, and mammosphere techniques; and patient-derived organoid models. In each case, the key discoveries, different analysis strategies that are suitable, and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Certain recently developed methodologies that can be used to further characterize the biological changes involved in endocrine resistance are then emphasized, along with a commentary on the types of research outcomes that using these techniques can support. Finally, a discussion anticipates how these recent developments will shape future trends in the field. We hope this overview will serve as a useful resource for investigators that are interested in understanding and testing hypotheses related to mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Cheng
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Y. Leung
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 2Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 3Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Dean C. Singleton
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 2Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 3Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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12
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Anees M, Tiwari S, Mehrotra N, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Development and Evaluation of PLA Based Hybrid Block Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery of Pirarubicin as an Anti-Cancer Agent. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121761. [PMID: 35472512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (PIRA) is a semi-synthetic anthracycline derivative that is reported to have lesser toxicity and better clinical outcomes as compared to its parental form doxorubicin (DOX). However, long term use of PIRA causes bone marrow suppression and severe cardiotoxicity to the recipients. Herein, we have developed a biodegradable polymeric nano platform consisting of amphiphilic di-block copolymer methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid and a hydrophobic penta-block copolymer polylactic acid-pluronic L-61-polylactic acid as a hybrid system to prepare PIRA (& DOX) encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) with an aim to reduce its off targeted toxicity and enhance therapeutic efficacy for cancer therapy. Prepared PIRA/DOX NPs showed uniform particle size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug release profile. Cytotoxicity evaluation of PIRA NPs against TNBC cells and mammospheres showed its superior anti-cancer activity over DOX NPs. Anti-cancer efficacy of PIRA/DOX NPs was found significantly enhanced in presence of penta-block copolymer which confirmed chemo-sensitising ability of pluronic L-61. Most importantly, encapsulation of PIRA/DOX in the NPs reduced their off targeted toxicity and increased the maximum tolerated dose in BALB/c mice. Moreover, treatment of EAC tumor harbouring mice with PIRA NPs resulted in higher tumor regression as compared with the groups treated with free PIRA, free DOX or DOX NPs. Altogether, the results conclude that prepared PIRA NPs exhibits an excellent anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy and has a strong potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anees
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Sachchidanand Tiwari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, INDIA.
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13
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Ghallab AM, Eissa RA, El Tayebi HM. CXCR2 Small-Molecule Antagonist Combats Chemoresistance and Enhances Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862125. [PMID: 35517812 PMCID: PMC9065340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer as the absence of cell surface receptors renders it more difficult to be therapeutically targeted. Chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) has been suggested not only to promote therapy resistance and suppress immunotherapy but it also to possess a positive cross-talk with the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Here, we showed that CXCR2 and TGF-β signaling were both upregulated in human TNBC biopsies. CXCR2 inhibition abrogated doxorubicin-mediated TGF-β upregulation in 3D in vitro TNBC coculture with PBMCs and eliminated drug resistance in TNBC mammospheres, suggesting a vital role for CXCR2 in TNBC doxorubicin-resistance via TGF-β signaling regulation. Moreover, CXCR2 inhibition improved the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic drug “atezolizumab” where the combined inhibition of CXCR2 and PDL1 in TNBC in vitro coculture showed an additive effect in cytotoxicity. Altogether, the current study suggests CXCR2 inhibitors as a promising approach to improve TNBC treatment if used in combination with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Ghallab
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A. Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hend M. El Tayebi,
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14
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Three-dimensional models of the lung: past, present and future: a mini review. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1045-1056. [PMID: 35411381 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are a major reason for death in both men and women worldwide. The development of therapies for these diseases has been slow and the lack of relevant human models to understand lung biology inhibits therapeutic discovery. The lungs are structurally and functionally complex with many different cell types which makes designing relevant lung models particularly challenging. The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell line cultures are, therefore, not a very accurate representation of the in vivo lung tissue. The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems, popularly known as organoids/spheroids, aims to bridge the gap between 'in-dish' and 'in-tissue' cell behavior. These 3D cultures are modeling systems that are widely divergent in terms of culturing techniques (bottom-up/top-down) that can be developed from stem cells (adult/embryonic/pluripotent stem cells), primary cells or from two or more types of cells, to build a co-culture system. Lung 3D models have diverse applications including the understanding of lung development, lung regeneration, disease modeling, compound screening, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discuss the different techniques currently being used to generate 3D models and their associated cellular and biological materials. We further detail the potential applications of lung 3D cultures for disease modeling and advances in throughput for drug screening.
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15
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Msheik ZS, Nassar FJ, Chamandi G, Itani AR, Gadaleta E, Chalala C, Alwan N, Nasr RR. miR-126 Decreases Proliferation and Mammosphere Formation of MCF-7 and Predicts Prognosis of ER+ Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030745. [PMID: 35328298 PMCID: PMC8946945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major health burden that affects over one million women each year. It is the most prevalent cancer in women and the number one cancer killer of them worldwide. Of all BC subtypes, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC is the most commonly diagnosed. The objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of miR-126 in the tumorigenesis of ER+ BC. miR-126 was downregulated in ER+ BC tissues from young breast cancer patients, as shown through miRNA microarray analysis and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the effect of the modulation of miR-126 levels on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and spheres formation of the ER+ BC cell line, MCF-7, was assessed by MTT assay, PI analysis, and mammosphere formation assay, respectively. miR-126 overexpression significantly decreased MCF-7 proliferation and mammosphere-forming ability, but did not affect cell cycle progression. Then, in silico analysis determined SLC7A5, PLXNB2, CRK, PLK2, SPRED1, and IRS1 as potential targets of miR-126. RT-qPCR data showed that miR-126 overexpression significantly downregulated SLC7A5 and PLXNB2 mRNA levels in MCF-7. Finally, in silico survival analysis showed that high expression of miR-126 or low expression of SLC7A5 correlated with better overall survival (OS) of ER+ BC patients. Overall, our study suggests that miR-126 might play a tumor suppressor role in ER+ BC. miR-126 and SLC7A5 might also be considered potential prognostic biomarkers in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa S. Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
| | - Farah J. Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ghada Chamandi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
- Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, INSERM U976, HIPI, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Abdul Rahman Itani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
| | - Emanuala Gadaleta
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claude Chalala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rihab R. Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lasagna M, Ventura C, Hielpos MS, Mardirosian MN, Martín G, Miret N, Randi A, Núñez M, Cocca C. Endocrine disruptor chlorpyrifos promotes migration, invasion, and stemness phenotype in 3D cultures of breast cancer cells and induces a wide range of pathways involved in cancer progression. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111989. [PMID: 34506784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus chlorpyrifos (CPF) is currently considered an endocrine disruptor (ED), as it can imitate hormone actions both in vitro and in vivo. We recently reported that CPF induces migration and invasion in 2D cultures and changes the expression of key molecular markers involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether CPF could behave as a predisposing factor for tumors to become more metastatic and aggressive using 3D culture models. In MCF-7 cells, 0.05 μM CPF induced an increase in the number and size of mammospheres via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and c-SRC. Furthermore, 0.05 μM CPF increased the area of spheroids generated from MCF-7 cells, induced invasion using both Matrigel® and type 1 collagen matrices, and increased cell migration capacity via ERα in this 3D model. In turn, 50 μM CPF increased cell migration capacity and invasion using type 1 collagen matrix. In monolayers, CPF increased the phosphorylation and membrane translocation of c-SRC at both concentrations assayed. CPF at 0.05 μM boosted p-AKT, p-GSK-3β and p-P38. While p-AKT rose in a ERα-dependent way, p-GSK-3β was dependent on ERα- and c-SRC, and p-P38 was only dependent on c-SRC. On the other hand, the increase in p-AKT and p-P38 induced by 50 μM CPF was dependent on the c-SRC pathway. We also observed that 0.05 μM CPF increased IGF-1R and IRS-1 expression and that 50 μM CPF induced IGF-1Rβ phosphorylation. In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, 0.05 and 50 μM CPF increased p-c-SRC. Finally, p-AKT and p-GSK-3β were also induced by CPF at 0.05 and 50 μM, and an increase in p-P38 was observed at 50 μM. Taken together, these data provide support for the notion that CPF may represent a risk factor for breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lasagna
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Ventura
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M S Hielpos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M N Mardirosian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Martín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Miret
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Randi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Núñez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Cocca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Física, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Haidar Ahmad S, Pasquereau S, El Baba R, Nehme Z, Lewandowski C, Herbein G. Distinct Oncogenic Transcriptomes in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Infected With Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:772160. [PMID: 35003089 PMCID: PMC8727587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus is being recognized as a potential oncovirus beside its oncomodulation role. We previously isolated two clinical isolates, HCMV-DB (KT959235) and HCMV-BL (MW980585), which in primary human mammary epithelial cells promoted oncogenic molecular pathways, established anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and produced tumorigenicity in mice models, therefore named high-risk oncogenic strains. In contrast, other clinical HCMV strains such as HCMV-FS, KM, and SC did not trigger such traits, therefore named low-risk oncogenic strains. In this study, we compared high-risk oncogenic HCMV-DB and BL strains (high-risk) with low-risk oncogenic strains HCMV-FS, KM, and SC (low-risk) additionally to the prototypic HCMV-TB40/E, knowing that all strains infect HMECs in vitro. Numerous pro-oncogenic features including enhanced expression of oncogenes, cell survival, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes were observed with HCMV-BL. In vitro, mammosphere formation was observed only in high-risk strains. HCMV-TB40/E showed an intermediate transcriptome landscape with limited mammosphere formation. Since we observed that Ki67 gene expression allows us to discriminate between high and low-risk HCMV strains in vitro, we further tested its expression in vivo. Among HCMV-positive breast cancer biopsies, we only detected high expression of the Ki67 gene in basal tumors which may correspond to the presence of high-risk HCMV strains within tumors. Altogether, the transcriptome of HMECs infected with HCMV clinical isolates displays an “oncogenic gradient” where high-risk strains specifically induce a prooncogenic environment which might participate in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Clara Lewandowski
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Besançon, Besançon, France
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18
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Ali R, Huwaizi S, Alhallaj A, Al Subait A, Barhoumi T, Al Zahrani H, Al Anazi A, Latif Khan A, Boudjelal M. New Born Calf Serum Can Induce Spheroid Formation in Breast Cancer KAIMRC1 Cell Line. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:769030. [PMID: 35004846 PMCID: PMC8740237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.769030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have become very popular in the field of drug screening and discovery. There is an immense demand for highly efficient and easy methods to produce 3D spheroids in any cell format. We have developed a novel and easy method to produce spheroids from the newly isolated KAIMRC1 cell line in vitro. It can be used as a 3D model to study proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and drug response of cancer cells. Our procedure requires growth media supplemented with 10% new born calf serum (NBCS) and regular cell culture plates to generate KAIMRC1 spheroids without the need for any specialized 3D cell culture system. This procedure generates multiple spheroids within a 12–24-h culture. KAIMRC1 spheroids are compact, homogeneous in size and morphology with a mean size of 55.8 µm (±3.5). High content imaging (HCI) of KAIMRC1 spheroids treated with a panel of 240 compounds resulted in the identification of several highly specific compounds towards spheroids. Immunophenotyping of KAIMRC1 spheroids revealed phosphorylation of FAK, cJUN, and E-cadherin, which suggests the involvement of JNK/JUN pathway in the KAIMRC1 spheroids formation. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of cell junction genes, GJB3, DSC1, CLDN5, CLDN8, and PLAU. Furthermore, co-culture of KAIMRC1 cells with primary cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs) showcased the potential of these cells in drug discovery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Huwaizi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa Alhallaj
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Al Subait
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Al Zahrani
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Anazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Boudjelal
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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DiNatale A, Kaur R, Qian C, Zhang J, Marchioli M, Ipe D, Castelli M, McNair CM, Kumar G, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Subsets of cancer cells expressing CX3CR1 are endowed with metastasis-initiating properties and resistance to chemotherapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:1337-1351. [PMID: 34999735 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) display stem cell-like features, cause metastatic recurrences and defy chemotherapy, which leads to patients' demise. Here we show that prostate and breast cancer patients harbor contingents of tumor cells with high expression of CX3CR1, OCT4a (POU5F1), and NANOG. Impairing CX3CR1 expression or signaling hampered the formation of tumor spheroids by cell lines from which we isolated small subsets co-expressing CX3CR1 and stemness-related markers, similarly to patients' tumors. These rare CX3CR1High cells show transcriptomic profiles enriched in pathways that regulate pluripotency and endowed with metastasis-initiating behavior in murine models. Cancer cells lacking these features (CX3CR1Low) were capable of re-acquiring CX3CR1-associated features over time, implying that MICs can continuously emerge from non-stem cancer cells. CX3CR1 expression also conferred resistance to docetaxel, and prolonged treatment with docetaxel selected CX3CR1High phenotypes with de-enriched transcriptomic profiles for apoptotic pathways. These findings nominate CX3CR1 as a novel marker of stem-like tumor cells and provide conceptual ground for future development of approaches targeting CX3CR1 signaling and (re)expression as therapeutic means to prevent or contain metastasis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Champions Oncology, 1330 Piccard Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jieyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michael Marchioli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Darin Ipe
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Maria Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chris M McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.,Cancer Informatics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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20
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Kim GD. Ursolic Acid Decreases the Proliferation of MCF-7 Cell-Derived Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Modulating the ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:434-444. [PMID: 35047440 PMCID: PMC8747966 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are strong drivers of metastasis and cancer relapse, which makes them important therapeutic targets. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has anticancer effects in various types of cancer; however, little is known about its effect on the growth of MCF-7 cell-derived breast cancer stem (BCS)-like cells in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. In this study, the anticancer activity of UA in MCF-7 cell-derived BCS-like cells and its mechanism of action were evaluated. Furthermore, its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell-derived BCS-like cells were compared with that on MCF-7 cells. In MCF-7 cells, UA increased p53 and p21 expression but decreased cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 expression to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, UA significantly suppressed migration, invasion, and colony formation in MCF-7 cells, and suppressed mammosphere formation in a concentration- dependent manner. In MCF-7 cell-derived BCS-like cells, UA significantly decreased migration, suppressed p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-ERK expression, and enhanced p-FoxO1/FoxO3a expression. Accordingly, in MCF-7 cell-derived BCS-like cells, UA suppressed proliferation in part by downregulating ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These findings provide the first evidence for the selective effects of UA in BCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
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21
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RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 enhances circ_0000745 abundancy and promotes aggressiveness and stemness of ovarian cancer cells via the microRNA-3187-3p/ERBB4/PI3K/AKT axis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34774079 PMCID: PMC8590297 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important regulators in cancer including ovarian cancer (OC). This work focuses on the effects of circ_0000745 on the OC development of and molecules involved. METHODS Expression of circ_0000745 in collected OC tissues and the acquired OC cell lines was examined by RT-qPCR. The stability of circ_0000745 in cells was examined by RNase R treatment. The target transcripts interacted with circ_0000745 were predicted using bioinformatic systems. Gain- and loss-of-function studies of circ_0000745, microRNA (miR)-3187-3p and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) were conducted to determine their functions on proliferation, migration, invasion and stem cell property of OC cells. RESULTS Circ_0000745 and ERBB4 were abundantly expressed while miR-3187-3p was poorly expressed in OC tissues and cells. Circ_0000745 sequestered miR-3187-3p and blocked its repressive effect on ERBB4. Downregulation of circ_0000745 reduced proliferation, aggressiveness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stemness of SK-OV-3 cells, but this reduction was blocked upon miR-3187-3p inhibition or ERBB4 upregulation. By contrast, artificial induction of circ_0000745 upregulation, miR-3187-3p upregulation and ERBB4 downregulation led to inverse trends in ES-2 cells. ERBB4 promoted the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. An RNA binding protein IGF2BP2 was found to circ_0000745 bind to and promote its expression and stability. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that circ_0000745 upregulated by IGF2BP2 promotes aggressiveness and stemness of OC cells through a miR-3187-3p/ERBB4/PI3K/AKT axis. Circ_0000745 may serve as a promising target for OC treatment.
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22
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Ali A, Shafarin J, Unnikannan H, Al-Jabi N, Jabal RA, Bajbouj K, Muhammad JS, Hamad M. Co-targeting BET bromodomain BRD4 and RAC1 suppresses growth, stemness and tumorigenesis by disrupting the c-MYC-G9a-FTH1axis and downregulating HDAC1 in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4474-4492. [PMID: 34803511 PMCID: PMC8579449 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain BRD4 and RAC1 oncogenes are considered important therapeutic targets for cancer and play key roles in tumorigenesis, survival and metastasis. However, combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 signaling pathways in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer including luminal-A, HER-2 positive and triple-negative breast (TNBC) largely remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated a new co-targeting strategy by combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 oncogenic signaling in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a context-dependent manner. We show that combined treatment of JQ1 (inhibitor of BRD4) and NSC23766 (inhibitor of RAC1) suppresses cell growth, clonogenic potential, cell migration and mammary stem cells expansion and induces autophagy and cellular senescence in molecular subtypes of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, JQ1/NSC23766 combined treatment disrupts MYC/G9a axis and subsequently enhances FTH1 to exert antitumor effects. Furthermore, combined treatment targets HDAC1/Ac-H3K9 axis, thus suggesting a role of this combination in histone modification and chromatin modeling. C-MYC depletion and co-treatment with vitamin-C sensitizes different molecular subtypes of breast cancer cells to JQ1/NSC23766 combination and further reduces cell growth, cell migration and mammosphere formation. Importantly, co-targeting RAC1-BRD4 suppresses breast tumor growth in vivo using xenograft mouse model. Clinically, RAC1 and BRD4 expression positively correlates in breast cancer patient's samples and show high expression patterns across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Both RAC1 and BRD4 proteins predict poor survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our results suggest that combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 pathways represents a novel and potential therapeutic approach in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and highlights the importance of co-targeting RAC1-BRD4 signaling in breast tumorigenesis via disruption of C-MYC/G9a/FTH1 axis and down regulation of HDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Al-Jabi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rola Abu Jabal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Ishibashi JR, Keshri R, Taslim TH, Brewer DK, Chan TC, Lyons S, McManamen AM, Chen A, Del Castillo D, Ruohola-Baker H. Chemical Genetic Screen in Drosophila Germline Uncovers Small Molecule Drugs That Sensitize Stem Cells to Insult-Induced Apoptosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102771. [PMID: 34685753 PMCID: PMC8534514 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells, in contrast to their more differentiated daughter cells, can endure genotoxic insults, escape apoptosis, and cause tumor recurrence. Understanding how normal adult stem cells survive and go to quiescence may help identify druggable pathways that cancer stem cells have co-opted. In this study, we utilize a genetically tractable model for stem cell survival in the Drosophila gonad to screen drug candidates and probe chemical-genetic interactions. Our study employs three levels of small molecule screening: (1) a medium-throughput primary screen in male germline stem cells (GSCs), (2) a secondary screen with irradiation and protein-constrained food in female GSCs, and (3) a tertiary screen in breast cancer organoids in vitro. Herein, we uncover a series of small molecule drug candidates that may sensitize cancer stem cells to apoptosis. Further, we have assessed these small molecules for chemical-genetic interactions in the germline and identified the NF-κB pathway as an essential and druggable pathway in GSC quiescence and viability. Our study demonstrates the power of the Drosophila stem cell niche as a model system for targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy Ishibashi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Riya Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tommy Henry Taslim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Kennedy Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tung Ching Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anika Marie McManamen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashley Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Debra Del Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Chae WO, Kim GD. Dioscin Decreases Breast Cancer Stem-like Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle Arrest by Modulating p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:183-194. [PMID: 34703821 PMCID: PMC8511578 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin (DS), a steroidal saponin, has been shown to have anti-cancer activity by exerting antioxidant effects and inducing apoptosis. However, the anti-cancer activity of DS in breast cancer-derived stem cells is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DS on migration, invasion, and colony formation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines and the mechanism by which it inhibits proliferation of breast cancer stem-like cells after inducing differentiation into breast cancer stem cells. DS treatment significantly reduced cellular migration, invasion, and colony formation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. During the differentiation process that induced manifestation of breast cancer stem-like cells, DS significantly inhibited mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expression of p53 and p21 in breast cancer stem-like cells, reducing the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, DS treatment induced G2/M and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. DS also increased the phosphorylation of p38 and decreased the expression levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR. These results suggest that DS regulates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways to reduce the proliferation of breast cancer stem-like cells through cell cycle arrest. Therefore, these findings suggest that DS may serve as a potential treatment candidate targeting breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ock Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
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25
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ETV7 regulates breast cancer stem-like cell features by repressing IFN-response genes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:742. [PMID: 34315857 PMCID: PMC8316333 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a population of cells within the tumor able to drive tumorigenesis and known to be highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this work, we show a new role for ETV7, a transcriptional repressor member of the ETS family, in promoting breast cancer stem-like cells plasticity and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy in breast cancer (BC) cells. We observed that MCF7 and T47D BC-derived cells stably over-expressing ETV7 showed reduced sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil and to radiotherapy, accompanied by an adaptive proliferative behavior observed in different culture conditions. We further noticed that alteration of ETV7 expression could significantly affect the population of breast CSCs, measured by CD44+/CD24low cell population and mammosphere formation efficiency. By transcriptome profiling, we identified a signature of Interferon-responsive genes significantly repressed in cells over-expressing ETV7, which could be responsible for the increase in the breast CSCs population, as this could be partially reverted by the treatment with IFN-β. Lastly, we show that the expression of the IFN-responsive genes repressed by ETV7 could have prognostic value in breast cancer, as low expression of these genes was associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, we propose a novel role for ETV7 in breast cancer stem cells’ plasticity and associated resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which involves the repression of a group of IFN-responsive genes, potentially reversible upon IFN-β treatment. We, therefore, suggest that an in-depth investigation of this mechanism could lead to novel breast CSCs targeted therapies and to the improvement of combinatorial regimens, possibly involving the therapeutic use of IFN-β, with the aim of avoiding resistance development and relapse in breast cancer.
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26
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Nakhjavani M, Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Yeo K, Price TJ, Townsend AR, Hardingham JE. Anti-Cancer Effects of an Optimised Combination of Ginsenoside Rg3 Epimers on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070633. [PMID: 34208799 PMCID: PMC8308773 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Key problems of chemotherapies, as the mainstay of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), are toxicity and development of tumour resistance. Using response surface methodology, we previously optimised the combination of epimers of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) for anti-angiogenic action. Here, we show that the optimised combination of 50 µM SRg3 and 25 µM RRg3 (C3), derived from an RSM model of migration of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, inhibited migration of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1143, in 2D and 3D migration assays (p < 0.0001). C3 inhibited mammosphere formation efficiency in both cell lines and decreased the CD44+ stem cell marker in the mammospheres. Molecular docking predicted that Rg3 epimers had a better binding score with IGF-1R than with EGFR, HER-2 or PDGFR, and predicted an mTOR inhibitory function of Rg3. C3 affected the signalling of AKT in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1143 mammospheres. In a mouse model of metastatic TNBC, an equivalent dose of C3 (23 mg/kg SRg3 + 11 mg/kg RRg3) or an escalated dose of 46 mg/kg SRg3 + 23 mg/kg RRg3 was administered to NSG mice bearing MDA-MB-231-Luc cells. Calliper and IVIS spectrum measurement of the primary and secondary tumour showed that the treatment shrunk the primary tumour and decreased the load of metastasis in mice. In conclusion, this combination of Rg3 epimers showed promising results as a potential treatment option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nakhjavani
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (M.N.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (M.N.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8222-6142
| | - Helen M. Palethorpe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (M.N.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Kenny Yeo
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (M.N.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Tim J. Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Amanda R. Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Jennifer E. Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (M.N.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.J.P.); (A.R.T.)
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27
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Hua Z, White J, Zhou J. Cancer stem cells in TNBC. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:26-34. [PMID: 34147641 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a broad collection of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and excess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. TNBC is considered to have poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer because of a lack of effective therapeutic targets. The success of precision cancer therapies relies on the clarification of key molecular mechanisms that drive tumor growth and metastasis; however, TNBC is highly heterogeneous in terms of their cellular lineage composition and the molecular nature within each individual case. In particular, the rare and sometimes slow cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs) can provide effective means for TNBC to resist various treatments. Single cell analysis technologies, including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and proteomics, provide an avenue to unravel patient-level intratumoral heterogeneity by identifying CSCs populations, CSC biomarkers and the range of tumor microenvironment cellular constituents that contribute to tumor growth. This review discusses the emerging evidence for the role of CSCs in driving TNBC incidence and the therapeutic implications in manipulating molecular signaling against this rare cell population for the control of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Hua
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason White
- Tuskegee University, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee, AL, 36830, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
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Gupta N, Srivastava SK. Atovaquone Suppresses the Growth of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Tumors in Lungs and Brain by Inhibiting Integrin/FAK Signaling Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060521. [PMID: 34071408 PMCID: PMC8229709 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be the most aggressive and malignant neoplasm and is highly metastatic in nature. In the current study, we investigated the anti-metastatic potential of atovaquone, a protozoal drug prescribed for Pneumocystis pneumonia. We showed that atovaquone induced apoptosis and reduced the survival of several aggressive metastatic TNBC cell lines including metastatic patient-derived cells by reducing the expression of integrin α6, integrin β4, FAK, Src, and Vimentin. In order to study the efficacy of atovaquone in suppressing metastasized breast tumor cells in brain and lungs, we performed three in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that oral administration of 50 mg/kg of atovaquone suppressed MDA-MB-231 breast tumor growth by 90% in lungs in an intravenous metastatic tumor model. Anti-metastatic effect of atovaquone was further determined by intracardiac injection of 4T1-luc breast tumor cells into the left ventricle of mouse heart. Our results showed that atovaquone treatment suppressed the growth of metastatic tumors in lungs, liver and brain by 70%, 50% and 30% respectively. In an intracranial model, the growth of HCC1806-luc brain tumors in atovaquone treated mice was about 55% less than that of control. Taken together, our results indicate the anti-metastatic effects of atovaquone in vitro and in vivo in various breast tumor metastasis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-325-696-0464
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29
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Cruickshank BM, Wasson MCD, Brown JM, Fernando W, Venkatesh J, Walker OL, Morales-Quintanilla F, Dahn ML, Vidovic D, Dean CA, VanIderstine C, Dellaire G, Marcato P. LncRNA PART1 Promotes Proliferation and Migration, Is Associated with Cancer Stem Cells, and Alters the miRNA Landscape in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112644. [PMID: 34072264 PMCID: PMC8198907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive, lack targeted therapies and are enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Novel therapies which target CSCs within these tumors would likely lead to improved outcomes for TNBC patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets for TNBC and CSCs. We demonstrate that lncRNA prostate androgen regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is enriched in TNBCs and in Aldefluorhigh CSCs, and is associated with worse outcomes among basal-like breast cancer patients. Although PART1 is androgen inducible in breast cancer cells, analysis of patient tumors indicates its androgen regulation has minimal clinical impact. Knockdown of PART1 in TNBC cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft decreased cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth, and mammosphere formation potential. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the lncRNA affects expression of hundreds of genes (e.g., myosin-Va, MYO5A; zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 2, ZHX2). MiRNA 4.0 GeneChip and TaqMan assays identified multiple miRNAs that are regulated by cytoplasmic PART1, including miR-190a-3p, miR-937-5p, miR-22-5p, miR-30b-3p, and miR-6870-5p. We confirmed the novel interaction between PART1 and miR-937-5p. In general, miRNAs altered by PART1 were less abundant than PART1, potentially leading to cell line-specific effects in terms miRNA-PART1 interactions and gene regulation. Together, the altered miRNA landscape induced by PART1 explains most of the protein-coding gene regulation changes (e.g., MYO5A) induced by PART1 in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Cruickshank
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Marie-Claire D. Wasson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Justin M. Brown
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Jaganathan Venkatesh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | | | - Margaret L. Dahn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Dejan Vidovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Cheryl A. Dean
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Carter VanIderstine
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (B.M.C.); (M.-C.D.W.); (J.M.B.); (W.F.); (J.V.); (O.L.W.); (M.L.D.); (D.V.); (C.A.D.); (C.V.); (G.D.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-4239
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30
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Noori S, Rajabi S, Tavirani MR, Shokri B, Zarghi A. Anti-Breast Cancer Activities of Ketoprofen-RGD Conjugate by Targeting Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Parental Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1027-1036. [PMID: 32900351 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200908105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play an important role in various stages of cancer development, advancement, and therapy resistance. Ketoprofen-RGD has been revealed to act as an anti-cancer agent against some tumors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effects of a novel Ketoprofen-RGD compound on the suppression of Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells (BCSCs) and their parental cells. METHODS Mammospheres were developed from MCF-7 cells and assessed by CSC surface markers through flowcytometry. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of Ketoprofen-RGD were measured by MTS assay and flowcytometry. The expression levels of stemness markers and JAK2/STAT proteins were measured by quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was measured using a cell permeable, oxidant-sensitive fluorescence probe (carboxy-H2DCFDA). RESULTS Ketoprofen-RGD significantly reduced the mammosphere formation rate and the expression of three out of six stemness markers and remarkably decreased viability and induced apoptosis of spheroidal and parental cells compared to controls. Further experiments using CD95L, as a death ligand, and ZB4 antibody, as an extrinsic apoptotic pathway blocker, showed that Ketoprofen-RGD induced intrinsic pathway, suggesting a mechanism by which Ketoprofen-RGD triggers apoptosis. ROS production was also another way to induce apoptosis. Results of western blot analysis also revealed a marked diminish in the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT proteins. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, elucidated an anti-BCSC activity for Ketoprofen-RGD via declining stemness markers, inducing toxicity, and apoptosis in these cells and parental cells. These findings may suggest this compound as a promising anti-breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa R Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Shokri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Xu G, Zhao H, Xu J, Zhang Y, Qi X, Shi A. Hard antler extract inhibits invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of triple-negative and Her-2 + breast cancer cells by attenuating nuclear factor-κB signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113705. [PMID: 33346025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hard antler extract (HAE) is a traditional Chinese medicine and has potent antitumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that HAE can inhibit human prostate cancer metastasis and murine breast cancer proliferation. However, the effect of HAE on human breast cancer cells has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of HAE on self-renewal of stem-like cells and spontaneous and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-enhanced wound healing, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. METHODS HAE was prepared from sika deer by sequential enzymatic digestions and the active compounds were determined by HPLC. The effects of HAE on the viability, mammosphere formation, wound healing and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR3 cells were determined. The impact of HAE treatment on spontaneous and TGF-β1-promoted EMT and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in breast cancer cells was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with HAE at varying concentrations did not change the viability of breast cancer cells. However, HAE at 0.25 or 0.5 mg/mL significantly reduced the number and size of formed mammospheres, and inhibited spontaneous and TGF-β1-enhanced wound healing, invasion and EMT in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β1 treatment significantly decreased IκBα expression and increased NF-kBp65 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells, indicating that TGF-β1 enhanced NF-κB signaling. In contrast, HAE treatment attenuated the spontaneous and TGF-β1-enhanced NF-κB signaling in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that HAE inhibited the self-renewal of stem-like cells and spontaneous and TGF-β1-enhanced wound healing, invasion and EMT in breast cancer cells by attenuating the NF-κB signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Biology Major, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78705, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Aiping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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32
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Wang YH, Chan YT, Hung TH, Hung JT, Kuo MW, Wang SH, Huang Y, Lin YJ, Chen SC, Yu JC, Wu JC, Yu J, Yu AL. Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 (TMCC3) regulates breast cancer stem cell and AKT activation. Oncogene 2021; 40:2858-2871. [PMID: 33742122 PMCID: PMC8062265 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and resistance to therapy. Previously, we compared the phosphoproteomes of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) enriched subpopulation and non-BCSCs sorted from breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX), and identified a function unknown protein, transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 (TMCC3) to be a potential enrichment marker for BCSCs. We demonstrated greater expression of TMCC3 in BCSCs than non-BCSCs and higher expression of TMCC3 in metastatic lymph nodes and lungs than in primary tumor of breast cancer PDXs. TMCC3 silencing suppressed mammosphere formation, ALDH activity and cell migration in vitro, along with reduced tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that AKT activation was reduced by TMCC3 silencing, but enhanced by TMCC3 overexpression. We further demonstrated that TMCC3 interacted directly with AKT through its 1-153 a.a. domain by cell-free biochemical assay in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation and interaction domain mapping assays in vivo. Based on domain truncation studies, we showed that the AKT-interacting domain of TMCC3 was essential for TMCC3-induced AKT activation, self-renewal, and metastasis. Clinically, TMCC3 mRNA expression in 202 breast cancer specimens as determined by qRT-PCR assay showed that higher TMCC3 expression correlated with poorer clinical outcome of breast cancer, including early-stage breast cancer. Multivariable analysis identified TMCC3 expression as an independent risk factor for survival. These findings suggest that TMCC3 is crucial for maintenance of BCSCs features through AKT regulation, and TMCC3 expression has independent prognostic significance in breast cancer. Thus, TMCC3 may serve as a new target for therapy directed against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheh Chen
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chine Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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33
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Khera L, Vinik Y, Maina F, Lev S. The AXL-PYK2-PKCα axis as a nexus of stemness circuits in TNBC. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/6/e202000985. [PMID: 33785524 PMCID: PMC8046419 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinically relevant AXL-PYK2-PKCα axis where PYK2 and PKCα act as signaling nodes and functionally cooperate to converge stemness promoting pathways and regulate Oct4 and Nanog pluripotent TFs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance, and considered as attractive targets for cancer therapy. Here we identified a clinically relevant signaling nexus mediated by AXL receptor, PYK2 and PKCα and show its impact on stemness in TNBC. AXL, PYK2, and PKCα expression correlates with stemness signature in basal-like breast cancer patients, and their depletion in multiple mesenchymal TNBC cell lines markedly reduced the number of mammosphere-forming cells and cells harboring CSCs characteristic markers. Knockdown of PYK2 reduced the levels of AXL, PKCα, FRA1, and PYK2 proteins, and similar trend was obtained upon PKCα depletion. PYK2 depletion decreased AXL transcription through feedback loops mediated by FRA1 and TAZ, whereas PKCα inhibition induced redistribution of AXL to endosomal/lysosomal compartment and enhanced its degradation. PYK2 and PKCα cooperate at a convergence point of multiple stemness-inducing pathways to regulate AXL levels and concomitantly the levels/activation of STAT3, TAZ, FRA1, and SMAD3 as well as the pluripotent transcription factors Nanog and Oct4. Induction of stemness in TNBC sensitized cells to PYK2 and PKCα inhibition suggesting that targeting the AXL-PYK2-PKCα circuit could be an efficient strategy to eliminate CSCs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohit Khera
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille University, Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7288, Marseille, France
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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34
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Bhandary L, Bailey PC, Chang KT, Underwood KF, Lee CJ, Whipple RA, Jewell CM, Ory E, Thompson KN, Ju JA, Mathias TM, Pratt SJP, Vitolo MI, Martin SS. Lipid tethering of breast tumor cells reduces cell aggregation during mammosphere formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3214. [PMID: 33547369 PMCID: PMC7865010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammosphere assays are widely used in vitro to identify prospective cancer-initiating stem cells that can propagate clonally to form spheres in free-floating conditions. However, the traditional mammosphere assay inevitably introduces cell aggregation that interferes with the measurement of true mammosphere forming efficiency. We developed a method to reduce tumor cell aggregation and increase the probability that the observed mammospheres formed are clonal in origin. Tethering individual tumor cells to lipid anchors prevents cell drift while maintaining free-floating characteristics. This enables real-time monitoring of single tumor cells as they divide to form mammospheres. Monitoring tethered breast cancer cells provided detailed size information that correlates directly to previously published single cell tracking data. We observed that 71% of the Day 7 spheres in lipid-coated wells were between 50 and 150 μm compared to only 37% in traditional low attachment plates. When an equal mixture of MCF7-GFP and MCF7-mCherry cells were seeded, 65% of the mammospheres in lipid-coated wells demonstrated single color expression whereas only 32% were single-colored in low attachment wells. These results indicate that using lipid tethering for mammosphere growth assays can reduce the confounding factor of cell aggregation and increase the formation of clonal mammospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekhana Bhandary
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick C Bailey
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Katarina T Chang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Karen F Underwood
- UMGCCC Flow Cytometry Shared Service, 655 West Baltimore Street, BRB 7-022, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cornell J Lee
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rebecca A Whipple
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eleanor Ory
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Julia A Ju
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Trevor M Mathias
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMGCCC), 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,, Bressler Research Building Room 10-29, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Shan NL, Shin Y, Yang G, Furmanski P, Suh N. Breast cancer stem cells: A review of their characteristics and the agents that affect them. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:73-100. [PMID: 33428807 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolving concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the driving element in cancer development, evolution and heterogeneity, has overridden the previous model of a tumor consisting of cells all with similar sequentially acquired mutations and a similar potential for renewal, invasion and metastasis. This paradigm shift has focused attention on therapeutically targeting CSCs directly as a means of eradicating the disease. In breast cancers, CSCs can be identified by cell surface markers and are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, resist chemotherapy and radiation, and initiate new tumors upon serial transplantation in xenografted mice. These functional properties of CSCs are regulated by both intracellular and extracellular factors including pluripotency-related transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways and external stimuli. Several classes of natural products and synthesized compounds have been studied to target these regulatory elements and force CSCs to lose stemness and/or terminally differentiate and thereby achieve a therapeutic effect. However, realization of an effective treatment for breast cancers, focused on the biological effects of these agents on breast CSCs, their functions and signaling, has not yet been achieved. In this review, we delineate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors identified to date that control or promote stemness in breast CSCs and provide a comprehensive compilation of potential agents that have been studied to target breast CSCs, transcription factors and stemness-related signaling. Our aim is to stimulate further study of these agents that could become the basis for their use as stand-alone treatments or components of combination therapies effective against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naing L Shan
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yoosub Shin
- Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Furmanski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Sphere assays are widely used in vitro techniques to enrich and evaluate the stem-like cell behavior of both normal and cancer cells. Utilizing three-dimensional in vitro sphere culture conditions provide a better representation of tumor growth in vivo than the more common monolayer cultures. We describe how to perform primary and secondary sphere assays, used for the enrichment and self-renewability studies of melanoma/melanocyte stem-like cells. Spheres are generated by growing melanoma cells at low density in nonadherent conditions with stem cell media. We provide protocols for preparing inexpensive and versatile polyHEMA-coated plates, setting up primary and secondary sphere assays in almost any tissue culture format and quantification methods using standard inverted microscopy. Our protocol is easily adaptable to laboratories with basic cell culture capabilities, without the need for expensive fluidic instruments.
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Hermawan A, Ikawati M, Jenie RI, Khumaira A, Putri H, Nurhayati IP, Angraini SM, Muflikhasari HA. Identification of potential therapeutic target of naringenin in breast cancer stem cells inhibition by bioinformatics and in vitro studies. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:12-26. [PMID: 33603536 PMCID: PMC7873751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a strategic measure in inhibiting breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) pathways. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, was found to increase breast cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Bioinformatics study and 3D tumorsphere in vitro modeling in breast cancer (mammosphere) were used in this study, which aims to explore the potential therapeutic targets of naringenin (PTTNs) in inhibiting BCSCs. Bioinformatic analyses identified direct target proteins (DTPs), indirect target proteins (ITPs), naringenin-mediated proteins (NMPs), BCSC regulatory genes, and PTTNs. The PTTNs were further analyzed for gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and hub protein selection. Mammospheres were cultured in serum-free media. The effects of naringenin were measured by MTT-based cytotoxicity, mammosphere forming potential (MFP), colony formation, scratch wound-healing assay, and flow cytometry-based cell cycle analyses and apoptosis assays. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-RT PCR). Bioinformatics analysis revealed p53 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as PTTNs, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that TGF-ß and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways are regulated by PTTNs. Naringenin demonstrated cytotoxicity and inhibited mammosphere and colony formation, migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the mammosphere. The mRNA of tumor suppressors P53 and ERα were downregulated in the mammosphere, but were significantly upregulated upon naringenin treatment. By modulating the P53 and ERα mRNA, naringenin has the potential of inhibiting BCSCs. Further studies on the molecular mechanism and formulation of naringenin in BCSCs would be beneficial for its development as a BCSC-targeting drug.
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Key Words
- BCSCs, Breast cancer stem cells
- Bioinformatics
- Breast cancer stem cells
- CSC, Cancer stem cell
- DAVID, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
- DTPs, Direct target proteins
- DXR, Doxorubicin
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- EMT, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ERα
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GO, Gene ontology
- ITPs, Indirect target proteins
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MET, Metformin
- MFP, Mammosphere forming potential
- NAR, Naringenin
- NMPs, Naringenin-mediated proteins
- Naringenin
- P53
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTTN, Potential target of naringenin in inhibition of BCSCs
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Targeted therapy
- q-RT PCR, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Khumaira
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Putri Nurhayati
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonia Meta Angraini
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Haruma Anggraini Muflikhasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Chi F, Liu J, Brady SW, Cosgrove PA, Nath A, McQuerry JA, Majumdar S, Moos PJ, Chang JT, Kahn M, Bild AH. A `one-two punch' therapy strategy to target chemoresistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100946. [PMID: 33221681 PMCID: PMC7689336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient tumor subclones that survive chemotherapy acquire primitive cell traits. HDAC inhibitors can reverse chemo-acquired stemness states and abolish self-renewal abilities. Belinostat promotes stem cell differentiation and inhibits HDAC and MYC pathways. A ‘one-two punch’, chemotherapy-HDAC inhibitor combination strategy reverses chemo-induced resistant phenotypes.
Cancer cell phenotypes evolve during a tumor's treatment. In some cases, tumor cells acquire cancer stem cell-like (CSL) traits such as resistance to chemotherapy and diminished differentiation; therefore, targeting these cells may be therapeutically beneficial. In this study we show that in progressive estrogen receptor positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer tumors, resistant subclones that emerge following chemotherapy have increased CSL abundance. Further, in vitro organoid growth of ER+ patient cancer cells also shows that chemotherapy treatment leads to increased abundance of ALDH+/CD44+ CSL cells. Chemotherapy induced CSL abundance is blocked by treatment with a pan-HDAC inhibitor, belinostat. Belinostat treatment diminished both mammosphere formation and size following chemotherapy, indicating a decrease in progenitor CSL traits. HDAC inhibitors specific to class IIa (HDAC4, HDAC5) and IIb (HDAC6) were shown to primarily reverse the chemo-resistant CSL state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with patient samples showed that HDAC targets and MYC signaling were promoted by chemotherapy and inhibited upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. In summary, HDAC inhibition can block chemotherapy-induced drug resistant phenotypes with ‘one-two punch’ strategy in refractory breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Samuel W Brady
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States; Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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The design and characterization of a gravitational microfluidic platform for drug sensitivity assay in colorectal perfused tumoroid cultures. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li Y, Wang D, Liu J, Li Y, Chen D, Zhou L, Lang T, Zhou Q. Baicalin Attenuates YAP Activity to Suppress Ovarian Cancer Stemness. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7151-7163. [PMID: 32801747 PMCID: PMC7386807 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying baicalin-suppressing ovarian cancer stemness. Methods OVCAR-3 and the primary ovarian cancer cells were used for cell model. The ovarian cancer stem cells were isolated by suspension culture. Cell viability and clonogenicity were examined by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The self-renewal of the cells was evaluated by the determination of sphere-forming capacity and the frequency of in vitro sphere-forming and in vivo tumor-initiating cells. The mRNA and protein levels were relatively quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The transcription regulation of target genes was tested by luciferase reporter assay and a modified nuclear rn-on qRT-PCR assay. Results Treatment with a non-toxic dose of baicalin significantly inhibited the spherogenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, a non-toxic dose of baicalin treatment suppressed the frequency of sphere-forming and tumor-initiating ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of ovarian cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1) was inhibited by a non-toxic dose of baicalin treatment. Baicalin inhibits YAP activity and suppresses RASSF6, a positive regulator of YAP, at the transcriptional level. Overexpression of both YAP and RASSF6 abolished the inhibitory effect of baicalin on the proliferation and stemness of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion The results in this study demonstrated that baicalin suppresses the stemness of ovarian cancer cells by attenuating YAP activity via inhibiting RASSF6 at the transcriptional level. This finding revealed baicalin as a novel YAP inhibitor that could serve as an anti-cancer drug for eradicating ovarian cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Duke Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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41
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Dillard C, Kiyohara M, Mah V, McDermott SP, Bazzoun D, Tsui J, Chan AM, Haddad G, Pellegrini M, Chang YL, Elshimali Y, Wu Y, Vadgama JV, Kim SR, Goodglick L, Law SM, Patel DD, Dhawan P, O'Brien NA, Gordon LK, Braun J, Lazar G, Wicha MS, Wadehra M. EMP2 Is a Novel Regulator of Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1682-1695. [PMID: 32451329 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) in breast cancer development or progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EMP2 may regulate the formation or self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) in the tumor microenvironment. In silico analysis of gene expression data demonstrated a correlation of EMP2 expression with known metastasis-related genes and markers of cancer stem cells (CSC) including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In breast cancer cell lines, EMP2 overexpression increased and EMP2 knockdown decreased the proportion of stem-like cells as assessed by the expression of the CSC markers CD44+/CD24-, ALDH activity, or by tumor sphere formation. In vivo, upregulation of EMP2 promoted tumor growth, whereas knockdown reduced the ALDHhigh CSC population as well as retarded tumor growth. Mechanistically, EMP2 functionally regulated the response to hypoxia through the upregulation of HIF-1α, a transcription factor previously shown to regulate the self-renewal of ALDHhigh CSCs. Furthermore, in syngeneic mouse models and primary human tumor xenografts, mAbs directed against EMP2 effectively targeted CSCs, reducing the ALDH+ population and blocking their tumor-initiating capacity when implanted into secondary untreated mice. Collectively, our results show that EMP2 increases the proportion of tumor-initiating cells, providing a rationale for the continued development of EMP2-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Dillard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Meagan Kiyohara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vei Mah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana Bazzoun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ann M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ghassan Haddad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sara R Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lee Goodglick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Samuel M Law
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deven D Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Neil A O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gary Lazar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. .,Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Velázquez-Quesada I, Ruiz-Moreno AJ, Casique-Aguirre D, Aguirre-Alvarado C, Cortés-Mendoza F, de la Fuente-Granada M, García-Pérez C, Pérez-Tapia SM, González-Arenas A, Segura-Cabrera A, Velasco-Velázquez MA. Pranlukast Antagonizes CD49f and Reduces Stemness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1799-1811. [PMID: 32494122 PMCID: PMC7229803 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s247730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive the initiation, maintenance, and therapy response of breast tumors. CD49f is expressed in breast CSCs and functions in the maintenance of stemness. Thus, blockade of CD49f is a potential therapeutic approach for targeting breast CSCs. In the present study, we aimed to repurpose drugs as CD49f antagonists. Materials and Methods We performed consensus molecular docking using a subdomain of CD49f that is critical for heterodimerization and a collection of pharmochemicals clinically tested. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to further characterize drug-target binding. Using MDA-MB-231 cells, we evaluated the effects of potential CD49f antagonists on 1) cell adhesion to laminin; 2) mammosphere formation; and 3) cell viability. We analyzed the effects of the drug with better CSC-selectivity on the activation of CD49f-downstream signaling by Western blot (WB) and co-immunoprecipitation. Expressions of the stem cell markers CD44 and SOX2 were analyzed by flow cytometry and WB, respectively. Transactivation of SOX2 promoter was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Changes in the number of CSCs were assessed by limiting-dilution xenotransplantation. Results Pranlukast, a drug used to treat asthma, bound to CD49f in silico and inhibited the adhesion of CD49f+ MDA-MB-231 cells to laminin, indicating that it antagonizes CD49f-containing integrins. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that pranlukast binding induces conformational changes in CD49f that affect its interaction with β1-integrin subunit and constrained the conformational dynamics of the heterodimer. Pranlukast decreased the clonogenicity of breast cancer cells on mammosphere formation assay but had no impact on the viability of bulk tumor cells. Brief exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to pranlukast altered CD49f-dependent signaling, reducing focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. Further, pranlukast-treated cells showed decreased CD44 and SOX2 expression, SOX2 promoter transactivation, and in vivo tumorigenicity, supporting that this drug reduces the frequency of CSC. Conclusion Our results support the function of pranlukast as a CD49f antagonist that reduces the CSC population in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this drug have already been established, rendering a potential adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Velázquez-Quesada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Research and Development in Bioprocess Unit, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel J Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Drug Design, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Cortés-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Graduate Program in Biochemical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol de la Fuente-Granada
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos García-Pérez
- Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Research and Development in Bioprocess Unit, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,National Laboratory for Specialized Services of Investigation, Development and Innovation (I+D+i) for Pharma Chemicals and Biotechnological Products, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Segura-Cabrera
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Peripherical Unit for Research in Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Koh EY, You JE, Jung SH, Kim PH. Biological Functions and Identification of Novel Biomarker Expressed on the Surface of Breast Cancer-Derived Cancer Stem Cells via Proteomic Analysis. Mol Cells 2020; 43:384-396. [PMID: 32235022 PMCID: PMC7191048 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common life-threatening malignancies and the top cause of cancer deaths in women. Although many conventional therapies exist for its treatment, breast cancer still has many handicaps to overcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a well-known cause of tumor recurrences due to the ability of CSCs for self-renewal and differentiation into cell subpopulations, similar to stem cells. To fully treat breast cancer, a strategy for the treatment of both cancer cells and CSCs is required. However, current strategies for the eradication of CSCs are non-specific and have low efficacy. Therefore, surface biomarkers to selectively treat CSCs need to be developed. Here, 34 out of 641 surface biomarkers on CSCs were identified by proteomic analysis between the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MCF-7-derived CSCs. Among them, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 6 (CEACAM6 or CD66c), a member of the CEA family, was selected as a novel biomarker on the CSC surface. This biomarker was then experimentally validated and evaluated for use as a CSC-specific marker. Its biological effects were assessed by treating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with short hairpin (sh)-RNA under oxidative cellular conditions. This study is the first to evaluate the biological function of CD66c as a novel biomarker on the surface of CSCs. This marker is available as a moiety for use in the development of targeted therapeutic agents against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Koh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Akella NM, Le Minh G, Ciraku L, Mukherjee A, Bacigalupa ZA, Mukhopadhyay D, Sodi VL, Reginato MJ. O-GlcNAc Transferase Regulates Cancer Stem-like Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:585-598. [PMID: 31974291 PMCID: PMC7127962 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumors are heterogeneous and composed of different subpopulation of cells, each with dynamic roles that can change with stage, site, and microenvironment. Cellular heterogeneity is, in part, due to cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that share properties with stem cells and are associated with treatment resistance. CSCs rewire metabolism to meet energy demands of increased growth and biosynthesis. O-GlcNAc transferase enzyme (OGT) uses UDP-GlcNAc as a substrate for adding O-GlcNAc moieties to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. OGT/O-GlcNAc levels are elevated in multiple cancers and reducing OGT in cancer cells blocks tumor growth. Here, we report that breast CSCs enriched in mammosphere cultures contain elevated OGT/O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibition of OGT genetically or pharmacologically reduced mammosphere forming efficiency, the CD44H/CD24L, NANOG+, and ALDH+ CSC population in breast cancer cells. Conversely, breast cancer cells overexpressing OGT increased mammosphere formation, CSC populations in vitro, and also increased tumor initiation and CSC frequency in vivo. Furthermore, OGT regulates expression of a number of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and CSC markers including CD44, NANOG, and c-Myc. In addition, we identify Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) as a novel regulator of breast cancer mammosphere formation and a critical target of OGT in regulating CSCs. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that OGT plays a key role in the regulation of breast CSCs in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo, in part, via regulation of KLF8, and thus inhibition of OGT may serve as a therapeutic strategy to regulate tumor-initiating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary A Bacigalupa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dimpi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie L Sodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Zhang K, Tan X, Guo L. The long non-coding RNA DANCR regulates the inflammatory phenotype of breast cancer cells and promotes breast cancer progression via EZH2-dependent suppression of SOCS3 transcription. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:309-328. [PMID: 31860165 PMCID: PMC6998389 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we focused on the clinical relevance, biological effects, and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) in breast cancer. We compared the expression of DANCR between breast cancer and normal tissues, and between breast cancer cell lines and normal breast epithelial cells using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. By knocking down and overexpressing DANCR, we assessed its significance in regulating viability (MTT assay), migration/invasion (Transwell assay), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (western blot), stemness (mammosphere formation assay and western blot), and production of inflammatory cytokines (qRT-PCR and ELISA) of breast cancer cells in vitro, as well as xenograft growth in vivo. Furthermore, using ChIP and RNA immunoprecipitation, we examined the reciprocal regulation between DANCR and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in breast cancer. DANCR was significantly up-regulated in tissue samples from patients with breast cancer, as well as in breast cancer cell lines, as compared with normal tissues and breast epithelial cells, respectively. The highest DANCR expression levels were associated with advanced tumor grades or lymph node metastasis. DANCR was necessary and sufficient to control multiple malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DANCR promoted the binding of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to the promoter of SOCS3, thereby epigenetically inhibiting SOCS3 expression. Functionally, SOCS3 up-regulation or EZH2 inhibition could rescue multiple malignant phenotypes induced by DANCR. Our data indicate that DANCR is a pleiotropic oncogenic lncRNA in breast cancer. Boosting SOCS3 expression may reverse the oncogenic activities of DANCR and thus provide a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Jing Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryXiangya HospitalClinical Research Center For Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan ProvinceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Lang Tan
- Department of OncologyChangsha Central HospitalChina
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Breast SurgeryXiangya HospitalClinical Research Center For Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan ProvinceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Gaio E, Conte C, Esposito D, Reddi E, Quaglia F, Moret F. CD44 Targeting Mediated by Polymeric Nanoparticles and Combination of Chlorine TPCS 2a-PDT and Docetaxel-Chemotherapy for Efficient Killing of Breast Differentiated and Stem Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E278. [PMID: 31979218 PMCID: PMC7072409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of rare but highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumors is recognized as one of the major reasons of failure of conventional chemotherapies, mainly attributed to the development of drug resistance and increasing metastatic potential. Here, we propose a therapeutic strategy based on the simultaneous delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorine disulfonate (TPCS2a) using hyaluronic acid (HA) coated polymeric nanoparticles (HA-NPs) for the targeting and killing of CD44 over-expressing breast cancer (BC) cells, both differentiated and CSCs (CD44high/CD24low population), thus combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using the CD44high MDA-MB-231 and the CD44low MCF-7 cells, we demonstrated the occurrence of CD44-mediated uptake of HA-NPs both in monolayers and mammosphere cultures enriched in CSCs. Cell treatments showed that combination therapy using co-loaded NPs (HA@DTX/TPCS2a-NPs) had superior efficacy over monotherapies (HA@DTX-NPs or HA@TPCS2a-NPs) in reducing the self-renewal capacity, measured as mammosphere formation efficiency, and in eradicating the CSC population evaluated with aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay and CD44/CD24 immunostaining. In summary, these in vitro studies demonstrated for the first time the potential of the combination of DTX-chemotherapy and TPCS2a-PDT for killing CSCs using properly designed NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gaio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (E.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Claudia Conte
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (F.Q.)
| | - Diletta Esposito
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (F.Q.)
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (E.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (F.Q.)
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (E.G.); (E.R.)
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Lasso P, Llano Murcia M, Sandoval TA, Urueña C, Barreto A, Fiorentino S. Breast Tumor Cells Highly Resistant to Drugs Are Controlled Only by the Immune Response Induced in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419848047. [PMID: 31056957 PMCID: PMC6505237 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419848047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor cells responsible for metastasis are highly
resistant to chemotherapy and have characteristics of stem cells, with a high
capacity for self-regeneration and the use of detoxifying mechanisms that
participate in drug resistance. In vivo models of highly resistant cells allow
us to evaluate the real impact of the immune response in the control of cancer.
Materials and Methods: A tumor population derived from the 4T1
breast cancer cell line that was stable in vitro and highly aggressive in vivo
was obtained, characterized, and determined to exhibit cancer stem cell (CSC)
phenotypes (CD44+, CD24+, ALDH+,
Oct4+, Nanog+, Sox2+, and high self-renewal
capacity). Orthotopic transplantation of these cells allowed us to evaluate
their in vivo susceptibility to chemo and immune responses induced after
vaccination. Results: The immune response induced after vaccination
with tumor cells treated with doxorubicin decreased the formation of tumors and
macrometastasis in this model, which allowed us to confirm the immune response
relevance in the control of highly chemotherapy-resistant ALDH+ CSCs
in an aggressive tumor model in immunocompetent animals.
Conclusions: The antitumor immune response was the main element
capable of controlling tumor progression as well as metastasis in a highly
chemotherapy-resistant aggressive breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lasso
- 1 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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EGFL9 promotes breast cancer metastasis by inducing cMET activation and metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5033. [PMID: 31695034 PMCID: PMC6834558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms driving metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor-like 9 (EGFL9) is significantly upregulated in basal-like breast cancer cells and associated with metastatic progression in breast tumor samples. Functionally, EGFL9 is both necessary and sufficient to enhance cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as distant metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that EGFL9 binds cMET, activating cMET-mediated downstream signaling. EGFL9 and cMET co-localize at both the cell membrane and within the mitochondria. We further identify an interaction between EGFL9 and the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor COA3. Consequently, EGFL9 regulates COX activity and modulates cell metabolism, promoting a Warburg-like metabolic phenotype. Finally, we show that combined pharmacological inhibition of cMET and glycolysis reverses EGFL9-driven stemness. Our results identify EGFL9 as a therapeutic target for combating metastatic progression in TNBC. Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive form of the disease. Here, the authors identify EGFL9 as a mediator of metastasis in TNBC through interactions with cMET.
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Wanandi SI, Syahrani RA, Arumsari S, Wideani G, Hardiany NS. Profiling of Gene Expression Associated with Stemness and Aggressiveness of ALDH1A1-Expressing Human Breast Cancer Cells. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:38-52. [PMID: 31728117 PMCID: PMC6839666 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been widely reported that breast cancer aggressiveness may be driven by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs display stemness properties that include self-renewal, tumourigenicity and pluripotency. The regulation of gene expression may have important roles in BCSC stemness and aggressiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the stemness and aggressiveness gene expression profile of BCSCs compared to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Methods Human ALDH1+ BCSCs were grown in serum-free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12, while MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum under standard conditions. Total RNA was extracted using the Tripure Isolation Reagent. The relative mRNA expressions of OCT4, ALDH1A1 and CD44 associated with stemness as well as TGF-β1, TβR1, ERα1 and MnSOD associated with aggressiveness in BCSCs and MCF-7 cells were determined using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The mRNA expressions of OCT4 (5.19-fold ± 0.338; P = 0.001), ALDH1A1 (3.67-fold ± 0.523; P = 0.006), CD44 (2.65-fold ± 0.307; P = 0.006), TGF-β1 (22.89-fold ± 6.840; P = 0.015), TβR1 (3.74-fold ± 1.446; P = 0.045) and MnSOD (4.6-fold ± 1.096; P = 0.014) were higher in BCSCs than in MCF-7 but were almost similar to MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, the ERα1 expression of BCSCs (0.97-fold ± 0.080; P = 0.392) was similar to MCF-7 cells, indicating that BSCSs are oestrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Conclusion The oestrogen-dependent BCSCs express stemness and aggressiveness genes at a higher level compared to oestrogen-dependent MCF-7 but are almost similar to oestrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facilities, IMERI-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Resda Akhra Syahrani
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facilities, IMERI-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sekar Arumsari
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facilities, IMERI-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gita Wideani
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facilities, IMERI-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of Preussin, a Hydroxypyrrolidine Derivative from the Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062, in a Panel of Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Using 2D and 3D Cultures. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080448. [PMID: 31366127 PMCID: PMC6722565 DOI: 10.3390/md17080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preussin, a hydroxyl pyrrolidine derivative isolated from the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062, displayed anticancer effects in some cancer cell lines, including MCF7. Preussin was investigated for its cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-231), representatives of major breast cancers subtypes, and in a non-tumor cell line (MCF12A). Preussin was first tested in 2D (monolayer), and then in 3D (multicellular aggregates), cultures, using a multi-endpoint approach for cytotoxicity (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), resazurin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) and proliferative (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)) assays, as well as the analysis of cell morphology by optical/electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for caspase-3 and ki67. Preussin affected cell viability and proliferation in 2D and 3D cultures in all cell lines tested. The results in the 3D culture showed the same tendency as in the 2D culture, however, cells in the 3D culture were less responsive. The effects were observed at different concentrations of preussin, depending on the cell line and assay method. Morphological study of preussin-exposed cells revealed cell death, which was confirmed by caspase-3 immunostaining. In view of the data, we recommend a multi-endpoint approach, including histological evaluation, in future assays with the tested 3D models. Our data showed cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of preussin in breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures, warranting further studies for its anticancer potential.
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