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Hammerhøj A, Chakravarti D, Sato T, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH. Organoids as regenerative medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. iScience 2024; 27:110118. [PMID: 38947526 PMCID: PMC11214415 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder with an increasing global prevalence. Managing disease activity relies on various pharmacological options. However, the effectiveness of current therapeutics is limited and not universally applicable to all patients and circumstances. Consequently, developing new management strategies is necessary. Recent advances in endoscopically obtained intestinal biopsy specimens have highlighted the potential of intestinal epithelial organoid transplantation as a novel therapeutic approach. Experimental studies using murine and human organoid transplantations have shown promising outcomes, including tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Human trials with organoid therapy have commenced; thus, this article provides readers with insights into the necessity and potential of intestinal organoid transplantation as a new regenerative therapeutic option in clinical settings and explores its associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hammerhøj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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2
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Mencattini A, Daprati E, Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Sangiuolo F, Martinelli E. Assembloid learning: opportunities and challenges for personalized approaches to brain functioning in health and disease. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1385871. [PMID: 38708094 PMCID: PMC11066156 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1385871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Daprati
- Department of System Medicine and Centro di Biomedicina Spaziale (CBMS), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- San Raffaele Rome University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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3
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Yang L, Liang P, Yang H, Coyne CB. Trophoblast organoids with physiological polarity model placental structure and function. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261528. [PMID: 37676312 PMCID: PMC10499031 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast organoids (TOs) are a three-dimensional ex vivo culture model that can be used to study various aspects of placental development, physiology and pathology. However, standard culturing of TOs does not recapitulate the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo given that the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) develops largely within the inner facing surfaces of these organoids (STBin). Here, we developed a method to culture TOs under conditions that recapitulate the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo. We show that culturing STBin TOs in suspension with gentle agitation leads to the development of TOs containing the STB on the outer surface (STBout). Using membrane capacitance measurements, we determined that the outermost surface of STBout organoids contain large syncytia comprising >50 nuclei, whereas STBin organoids contain small syncytia (<10 nuclei) and mononuclear cells. The growth of TOs under conditions that mimic the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo thus allows for the study of a variety of aspects of placental biology under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Coyne
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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4
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Jiang KL, Jia YB, Liu XJ, Jia QL, Guo LK, Wang XX, Yang KM, Wu CH, Liang BB, Ling JH. Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:969-983. [PMID: 38516239 PMCID: PMC10950634 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published. AIM To analyze and understand the development, impact, and direction of gastric organoid research using bibliometric methods using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS This analysis encompassed literature pertaining to gastric organoids published between 2010 and 2023, as indexed in the WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to depict network maps illustrating collaborations among authors, institutions and keywords related to gastric organoid. Citation, co-citation, and burst analysis methodologies were applied to assess the impact and progress of research. RESULTS A total of 656 relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of research was published in gastroenterology-focused journals. Globally, Yana Zavros, Hans Clevers, James M Wells, Sina Bartfeld, and Chen Zheng were the 5 most productive authors, while Hans Clevers, Huch Meritxell, Johan H van Es, Marc Van de Wetering, and Sato Toshiro were the foremost influential scientists in this area. Institutions from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology (Utrecht), and University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, United States) made the most significant contributions. Currently, gastric organoids are used mainly in studies investigating gastric cancer (GC), Helicobacter pylori-infective gastritis, with a focus on the mechanisms of GC, and drug screening tests. CONCLUSION Key focus areas of research using gastric organoids include unraveling disease mechanisms and enhancing drug screening techniques. Major contributions from renowned academic institutions highlight this field's dynamic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yue-Bo Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Qing-Ling Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Li-Kun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Ke-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Chen-Heng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
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5
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Qu S, Xu R, Yi G, Li Z, Zhang H, Qi S, Huang G. Patient-derived organoids in human cancer: a platform for fundamental research and precision medicine. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:6. [PMID: 38342791 PMCID: PMC10859360 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, along with considerable variability in clinical response to common treatments across patients. Conventional models for tumor research, such as in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, demonstrate significant limitations that fall short of satisfying the research requisites. Patient-derived tumor organoids, which recapitulate the structures, specific functions, molecular characteristics, genomics alterations and expression profiles of primary tumors. They have been efficaciously implemented in illness portrayal, mechanism exploration, high-throughput drug screening and assessment, discovery of innovative therapeutic targets and potential compounds, and customized treatment regimen for cancer patients. In contrast to conventional models, tumor organoids offer an intuitive, dependable, and efficient in vitro research model by conserving the phenotypic, genetic diversity, and mutational attributes of the originating tumor. Nevertheless, the organoid technology also confronts the bottlenecks and challenges, such as how to comprehensively reflect intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, reduce research costs, and establish standardized construction processes while retaining reliability. This review extensively examines the use of tumor organoid techniques in fundamental research and precision medicine. It emphasizes the importance of patient-derived tumor organoid biobanks for drug development, screening, safety evaluation, and personalized medicine. Additionally, it evaluates the application of organoid technology as an experimental tumor model to better understand the molecular mechanisms of tumor. The intent of this review is to explicate the significance of tumor organoids in cancer research and to present new avenues for the future of tumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongyang Xu
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Buckley KH, Beyries KA, Ryeom S, Yoon SS, Katona BW. Establishment and Characterization of Patient-derived Gastric Organoids from Biopsies of Benign Gastric Body and Antral Epithelium. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66094. [PMID: 38345211 PMCID: PMC11066735 DOI: 10.3791/66094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric patient-derived organoids (PDOs) offer a unique tool for studying gastric biology and pathology. Consequently, these PDOs find increasing use in a wide array of research applications. However, a shortage of published approaches exists for producing gastric PDOs from single-cell digests while maintaining a standardized initial cell seeding density. In this protocol, the emphasis is on the initiation of gastric organoids from isolated single cells and the provision of a method for passaging organoids through fragmentation. Importantly, the protocol demonstrates that a standardized approach to the initial cell seeding density consistently yields gastric organoids from benign biopsy tissue and allows for standardized quantification of organoid growth. Finally, evidence supports the novel observation that gastric PDOs display varying rates of formation and growth based on whether the organoids originate from biopsies of the body or antral regions of the stomach. Specifically, it is revealed that the use of antral biopsy tissue for organoid initiation results in a greater number of organoids formed and more rapid organoid growth over a 20-day period when compared to organoids generated from biopsies of the gastric body. The protocol described herein offers investigators a timely and reproducible method for successfully generating and working with gastric PDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kole H Buckley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Keely A Beyries
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine;
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7
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Ahmad V, Yeddula SGR, Telugu BP, Spencer TE, Kelleher AM. Development of Polarity-Reversed Endometrial Epithelial Organoids. Reproduction 2024; 167:REP-23-0478. [PMID: 38215284 PMCID: PMC10959009 DOI: 10.1530/rep-23-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The uterine epithelium is composed of a single layer of hormone responsive polarized epithelial cells that line the lumen and form tubular glands. Endometrial epithelial organoids (EEO) can be generated from uterine epithelia and recapitulate cell composition and hormone responses in vitro. As such, the development of EEO represents a major advance for facilitating mechanistic studies in vitro. However, a major limitation for the use of EEO cultured in basement membrane extract and other hydrogels is the inner location of apical membrane, thereby hindering direct access to the apical surface of the epithelium to study interactions with the embryo or infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria. Here, a straightforward strategy was developed that successfully reverses the polarity of EEO. The result is an apical-out organoid that preserves a distinct apical-basolateral orientation and remains responsive to ovarian steroid hormones. Our investigations highlight the utility of polarity-reversed EEO to study interactions with E. coli and blastocysts. This method of generating apical-out EEO lays the foundation for developing new in vitro functional assays, particularly regarding epithelial interactions with embryos during pregnancy or other luminal constituents in a pathological or diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakil Ahmad
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew M Kelleher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Poplaski V, Bomidi C, Kambal A, Nguyen-Phuc H, Di Rienzi SC, Danhof HA, Zeng XL, Feagins LA, Deng N, Vilar E, McAllister F, Coarfa C, Min S, Kim HJ, Shukla R, Britton R, Estes MK, Blutt SE. Human intestinal organoids from Cronkhite-Canada syndrome patients reveal link between serotonin and proliferation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166884. [PMID: 37909332 PMCID: PMC10617781 DOI: 10.1172/jci166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome (CCS) is a rare, noninherited polyposis syndrome affecting 1 in every million individuals. Despite over 50 years of CCS cases, the etiopathogenesis and optimal treatment for CCS remains unknown due to the rarity of the disease and lack of model systems. To better understand the etiology of CCS, we generated human intestinal organoids (HIOs) from intestinal stem cells isolated from 2 patients. We discovered that CCS HIOs are highly proliferative and have increased numbers of enteroendocrine cells producing serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5HT). These features were also confirmed in patient tissue biopsies. Recombinant 5HT increased proliferation of non-CCS donor HIOs and inhibition of 5HT production in the CCS HIOs resulted in decreased proliferation, suggesting a link between local epithelial 5HT production and control of epithelial stem cell proliferation. This link was confirmed in genetically engineered HIOs with an increased number of enteroendocrine cells. This work provides a new mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of CCS and illustrates the important contribution of HIO cultures to understanding disease etiology and in the identification of novel therapies. Our work demonstrates the principle of using organoids for personalized medicine and sheds light on how intestinal hormones can play a role in intestinal epithelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Poplaski
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | | | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | | | - Sara C. Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | - Linda A. Feagins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Inflammatory Bowl Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soyoun Min
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richa Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA
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10
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Ahmad V, Yeddula SGR, Telugu BP, Spencer TE, Kelleher AM. Development of Polarity-Reversed Endometrial Epithelial Organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553918. [PMID: 37645779 PMCID: PMC10462151 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The uterine epithelium is composed of a single layer of hormone responsive polarized epithelial cells that line the lumen and form tubular glands. Endometrial epithelial organoids (EEO) can be generated from uterine epithelia and recapitulate cell composition and hormone responses in vitro . As such, the development of EEO represents a major advance for facilitating mechanistic studies in vitro . However, a major limitation for the use of EEO cultured in basement membrane extract and other hydrogels is the inner location of apical membrane, thereby hindering direct access to the apical surface of the epithelium to study interactions with the embryo or infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria. Here, a straightforward strategy was developed that successfully reverses the polarity of EEO. The result is an apical-out organoid that preserves a distinct apical-basolateral orientation and remains responsive to ovarian steroid hormones. Our investigations highlight the utility of polarity-reversed EEO to study interactions with E. coli and blastocysts. This method of generating apical-out EEO lays the foundation for developing new in vitro functional assays, particularly regarding epithelial interactions with embryos during pregnancy or other luminal constituents in a pathological or diseased state.
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11
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Yang ASP, Dutta D, Kretzschmar K, Hendriks D, Puschhof J, Hu H, Boonekamp KE, van Waardenburg Y, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van Gemert GJ, de Wilt JHW, Bousema T, Clevers H, Sauerwein RW. Development of Plasmodium falciparum liver-stages in hepatocytes derived from human fetal liver organoid cultures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4631. [PMID: 37532704 PMCID: PMC10397232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasite development in liver represents the initial step of the life-cycle in the human host after a Pf-infected mosquito bite. While an attractive stage for life-cycle interruption, understanding of parasite-hepatocyte interaction is inadequate due to limitations of existing in vitro models. We explore the suitability of hepatocyte organoids (HepOrgs) for Pf-development and show that these cells permitted parasite invasion, differentiation and maturation of different Pf strains. Single-cell messenger RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of Pf-infected HepOrg cells has identified 80 Pf-transcripts upregulated on day 5 post-infection. Transcriptional profile changes are found involving distinct metabolic pathways in hepatocytes with Scavenger Receptor B1 (SR-B1) transcripts highly upregulated. A novel functional involvement in schizont maturation is confirmed in fresh primary hepatocytes. Thus, HepOrgs provide a strong foundation for a versatile in vitro model for Pf liver-stages accommodating basic biological studies and accelerated clinical development of novel tools for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie S P Yang
- Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Devanjali Dutta
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Merus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiome and Cancer Devision, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huili Hu
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kim E Boonekamp
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Signaling and Functional Genomics Devision, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Youri van Waardenburg
- Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Princess Maxima Center (PMC) for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Pharma, Research and Early Development (pRED) of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Yang L, Liang P, Yang H, Coyne CB. Trophoblast organoids with physiological polarity model placental structure and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523752. [PMID: 36711688 PMCID: PMC9882188 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human trophoblast organoids (TOs) are a three-dimensional ex vivo culture model that can be used to study various aspects of placental development, physiology, and pathology. Previously, we showed that TOs derived from full-term human placental tissue could be used as models of trophoblast innate immune signaling and teratogenic virus infections. Here, we developed a method to culture TOs under conditions that recapitulate the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo , with the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) localized to the outer surface of organoids and the proliferative cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) located on the inner surface. We show that standard TOs containing the STB layer inside the organoid (STB in ) develop into organoids containing the STB on the outer surface (STB out ) when cultured in suspension with gentle agitation. STB out organoids secrete higher levels of select STB-associated hormones and cytokines, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and interferon (IFN)-λ2. Using membrane capacitance measurements, we also show that the outermost surface of STB out organoids contain large syncytia comprised of >50 nuclei compared to STB in organoids that contain small syncytia (<10 nuclei) and mononuclear cells. The growth of TOs under conditions that mimic the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo thus allows for the study of a variety of aspects of placental biology under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Coyne
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Deguchi K, Zambaiti E, De Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: current research and perspective in pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:167. [PMID: 37014468 PMCID: PMC10073065 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine, encompassing several disciplines including stem cell biology and tissue engineering, continues to advance with the accumulating research on cell manipulation technologies, gene therapy and new materials. Recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies may transcend the boundaries of regenerative medicine from laboratory research towards clinical reality. However, for the ultimate goal to construct bioengineered transplantable organs, a number of issues still need to be addressed. In particular, engineering of elaborate tissues and organs requires a fine combination of different relevant aspects; not only the repopulation of multiple cell phenotypes in an appropriate distribution but also the adjustment of the host environmental factors such as vascularisation, innervation and immunomodulation. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the recent discoveries and development in stem cells and tissue engineering, which are inseparably interconnected. The current status of research on tissue stem cells and bioengineering, and the possibilities for application in specific organs relevant to paediatric surgery have been specifically focused and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Zambaiti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- NIHR BRC SNAPS Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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14
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Xie X, Tong X, Li Z, Cheng Q, Wang X, Long Y, Liu F, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu L. Use of mouse primary epidermal organoids for USA300 infection modeling and drug screening. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 36631452 PMCID: PMC9833019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin infections caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occur at high rates nationwide. Mouse primary epidermal organoids (mPEOs) possess stratified histological and morphological characteristics of epidermis and are highly similar to their derived tissue at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Herein, the susceptibility of mPEOs to methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 infection was investigated. The results show that mPEOs support USA300 colonization and invasion, exhibiting swollen epithelial squamous cells with nuclear necrosis and secreting inflammatory factors such as IL-1β. Meanwhile mPEOs beneficial to observe the process of USA300 colonization with increasing infection time, and USA300 induces mPEOs to undergo pyroptosis and autophagy. In addition, we performed a drug screen for the mPEO infection model and showed that vancomycin restores cell viability and inhibits bacterial internalization in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, we establish an in vitro skin infection model that contributes to the examination of drug screening strategies and antimicrobial drug mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebo Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Long
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fangbo Liu
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Drugability Biomass Product Evaluation Professional Public Service Platform, Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Helicobacter pylori shows tropism to gastric differentiated pit cells dependent on urea chemotaxis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5878. [PMID: 36198679 PMCID: PMC9535007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric epithelium forms highly organized gland structures with different subtypes of cells. The carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori can attach to gastric cells and subsequently translocate its virulence factor CagA, but the possible host cell tropism of H. pylori is currently unknown. Here, we report that H. pylori preferentially attaches to differentiated cells in the pit region of gastric units. Single-cell RNA-seq shows that organoid-derived monolayers recapitulate the pit region, while organoids capture the gland region of the gastric units. Using these models, we show that H. pylori preferentially attaches to highly differentiated pit cells, marked by high levels of GKN1, GKN2 and PSCA. Directed differentiation of host cells enable enrichment of the target cell population and confirm H. pylori preferential attachment and CagA translocation into these cells. Attachment is independent of MUC5AC or PSCA expression, and instead relies on bacterial TlpB-dependent chemotaxis towards host cell-released urea, which scales with host cell size. The carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori infects gastric cells. Here, the authors show that H. pylori preferentially infects differentiated cells in the pit region of gastric units, and this relies on bacterial chemotaxis towards host cell-released urea, which scales with host cell size.
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16
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Günther C, Winner B, Neurath MF, Stappenbeck TS. Organoids in gastrointestinal diseases: from experimental models to clinical translation. Gut 2022; 71:1892-1908. [PMID: 35636923 PMCID: PMC9380493 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We are entering an era of medicine where increasingly sophisticated data will be obtained from patients to determine proper diagnosis, predict outcomes and direct therapies. We predict that the most valuable data will be produced by systems that are highly dynamic in both time and space. Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are poised to be such a highly valuable system for a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. In the lab, organoids have emerged as powerful systems to model molecular and cellular processes orchestrating natural and pathophysiological human tissue formation in remarkable detail. Preclinical studies have impressively demonstrated that these organs-in-a-dish can be used to model immunological, neoplastic, metabolic or infectious GI disorders by taking advantage of patient-derived material. Technological breakthroughs now allow to study cellular communication and molecular mechanisms of interorgan cross-talk in health and disease including communication along for example, the gut-brain axis or gut-liver axis. Despite considerable success in culturing classical 3D organoids from various parts of the GI tract, some challenges remain to develop these systems to best help patients. Novel platforms such as organ-on-a-chip, engineered biomimetic systems including engineered organoids, micromanufacturing, bioprinting and enhanced rigour and reproducibility will open improved avenues for tissue engineering, as well as regenerative and personalised medicine. This review will highlight some of the established methods and also some exciting novel perspectives on organoids in the fields of gastroenterology. At present, this field is poised to move forward and impact many currently intractable GI diseases in the form of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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17
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Nolan LS, Baldridge MT. Advances in understanding interferon-mediated immune responses to enteric viruses in intestinal organoids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943334. [PMID: 35935957 PMCID: PMC9354881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are antiviral cytokines with critical roles in regulating pathogens at epithelial barriers, but their capacity to restrict human enteric viruses has been incompletely characterized in part due to challenges in cultivating some viruses in vitro, particularly human norovirus. Accordingly, advancements in the development of antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies for enteric viral infections have been similarly constrained. Currently emerging is the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) to investigate mechanisms of human enteric viral pathogenesis. HIEs provide a unique opportunity to investigate host-virus interactions using an in vitro system that recapitulates the cellular complexity of the in vivo gastrointestinal epithelium. This approach permits the exploration of intestinal epithelial cell interactions with enteric viruses as well as the innate immune responses mediated by IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. Here, we describe recent findings related to the production, signaling, and function of IFNs in the response to enteric viral infections, which will ultimately help to reveal important aspects of pathogenesis and facilitate the future development of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila S. Nolan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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18
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Zeng M, Pi C, Li K, Sheng L, Zuo Y, Yuan J, Zou Y, Zhang X, Zhao W, Lee RJ, Wei Y, Zhao L. Patient-Derived Xenograft: A More Standard "Avatar" Model in Preclinical Studies of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898563. [PMID: 35664756 PMCID: PMC9161630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death in humans. The establishment of relevant animal models of gastric cancer is critical for further research. Due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, the commonly used preclinical animal models fail to adequately represent clinically relevant models of gastric cancer. However, patient-derived models are able to replicate as much of the original inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of gastric cancer as possible, reflecting the cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. In addition to implanting patient tissues or primary cells into immunodeficient mouse hosts for culture, the advent of alternative hosts such as humanized mouse hosts, zebrafish hosts, and in vitro culture modalities has also facilitated the advancement of gastric cancer research. This review highlights the current status, characteristics, interfering factors, and applications of patient-derived models that have emerged as more valuable preclinical tools for studying the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese MateriaMedica, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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19
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Idowu S, Bertrand PP, Walduck AK. Gastric organoids: Advancing the study of H. pylori pathogenesis and inflammation. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12891. [PMID: 35384141 PMCID: PMC9287064 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For decades, traditional in vitro and in vivo models used for the study of Helicobacter pylori infection have relied heavily on the use of gastric cancer cell lines and rodents. Major challenges faced by these methods have been the inability to study cancer initiation in already cancerous cell lines, and the difficulty in translating results obtained in animal models due to genetic differences. These challenges have prevented a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and slowed the development of cancer therapies and a suitable vaccine against the pathogen. In recent years, the development of gastric organoids has provided great advantages over the traditional in vivo and in vitro models due to their similarities to the human stomach in vivo, their ease of use, and the capacity for long-term culture. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of existing in vivo and in vitro models of H. pylori infection, and how gastric organoids have been applied to study H. pylori pathogenesis, with a focus on how the pathogen interacts with the gastric epithelium, inflammatory processes, epithelial repair, and cancer initiation. The potential applications of organoids to address more complex questions on the role of hormones, vaccine-induced immunity are also discussed.
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20
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Mahnaz R, Harrison B, Hon K, Gohar S, Hadi R, Aaron FK, James PA, Peter-John W, Sarah V. Characterization of human nasal organoids from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Biol Open 2022; 11:275102. [PMID: 35452072 PMCID: PMC9399817 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids grown in three-dimensional cultures provide an excellent platform for phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug-response research. Organoid technology has been applied to study stem cell biology and various human pathologies. This study investigates the characteristics and cellular morphology of organoids derived from primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Nasal organoids were cultured up to 20 days and morphological, cell composition and functional parameters were measured by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot and FACS analysis. The results showed that nasal organoids expressed the stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), and markers for apical junction genes, goblet cells and ciliated cells. Moreover, we were able to regrow and expand the nasal organoids well after freezing and thawing. This study provides an effective and feasible method for development of human nasal organoids, suitable for the phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug response research. Summary: This study provides an effective and feasible method for development of human nasal organoids from chronic rhinosinusitis patients, suitable for phenotypic high-throughput screening and drug-response research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramezanpour Mahnaz
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bolt Harrison
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Karen Hon
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Gohar
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rastin Hadi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Fenix Kevin Aaron
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Psaltis Alkis James
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wormald Peter-John
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vreugde Sarah
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network (Basil Hetzel Institute), The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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21
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The Fast Track for Intestinal Tumor Cell Differentiation and In Vitro Intestinal Models by Inorganic Topographic Surfaces. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010218. [PMID: 35057113 PMCID: PMC8781367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) complex in vitro cell systems are well suited to providing meaningful and translatable results in drug screening, toxicity measurements, and biological studies. Reliable complex gastrointestinal in vitro models as a testbed for oral drug administration and toxicity are very valuable in achieving predictive results for clinical trials and reducing animal testing. However, producing these models is time-consuming due to the lengthy differentiation of HT29 or other cells into mucus-producing goblet cells or other intestinal cell lineages. In the present work, HT29 cells were grown on an inorganic topographic surface decorated with a periodic pattern of micrometre-sized amorphous SiO2 structures for up to 35 days. HT29 cells on topographic surfaces were compared to undifferentiated HT29 in glucose-containing medium on glass or culture dish and with HT29 cells differentiated for 30 days in the presence of methotrexate (HT29-MTX). The cells were stained with Alcian blue for mucus, antibodies for mucus 2 (goblet cells), villin (enterocytes), lysozyme (Paneth cells), and FITC-labeled lectins to identify different cells, glycomic profiles, and cell features. We observed that HT29 cells on topographic surfaces showed more similarities with the differentiated HT29-MTX than with undifferentiated HT29. They formed islands of cell clusters, as observed for HT29-MTX. Already after 2 days, the first mucus secretion was shown by Alcian blue stain and FITC-wheat germ agglutinin. After 4–6 days, mucus was observed on the cell surface and in the intercellular space. The cell layer was undulated, and in 3D reconstruction, the cells showed a clear polarisation with a strong actin signal to one membrane. The lectins and the antibody-staining confirmed the heterogeneous composition of differentiated HT29 cells on topographic surfaces after 6–8 days, or after 6–8 days following MTX differentiation (30 days).
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22
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Loss of E-Cadherin Leads to Druggable Vulnerabilities in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Vesicle Trafficking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010102. [PMID: 35008266 PMCID: PMC8749886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germline loss of the CDH1 gene is the primary genetic basis for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, a disease resulting in elevated risk of both diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Current preventative treatment consists of prophylactic total gastrectomy, a therapy with several associated long-term morbidities. To address the lack of targeted molecular therapies for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, we have utilized a synthetic lethal approach to identify candidate compounds that can specifically kill CDH1-null cells. Inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking pathways were identified as promising candidate compounds in a cell line model of CDH1 loss, then further validated in murine-derived organoid models of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. With further research, these findings may lead to the development of novel chemoprevention strategies for the treatment of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Abstract Germline inactivating variants of CDH1 are causative of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), a cancer syndrome characterized by an increased risk of both diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Because loss of function mutations are difficult to target therapeutically, we have taken a synthetic lethal approach to identify targetable vulnerabilities in CDH1-null cells. We have previously observed that CDH1-null MCF10A cells exhibit a reduced rate of endocytosis relative to wildtype MCF10A cells. To determine whether this deficiency is associated with wider vulnerabilities in vesicle trafficking, we screened isogenic MCF10A cell lines with known inhibitors of autophagy, endocytosis, and sphingolipid metabolism. Relative to wildtype MCF10A cells, CDH1−/− MCF10A cells showed significantly greater sensitivity to several drugs targeting these processes, including the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the endocytosis inhibitors chlorpromazine and PP1, and the sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor PF-543. Synthetic lethality was confirmed in both gastric and mammary organoid models of CDH1 loss, derived from CD44-Cre/Cdh1fl/fl/tdTomato mice. Collectively, these results suggest that both sphingolipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking represent previously unrecognised druggable vulnerabilities in CDH1-null cells and may lead to the development of new therapies for HDGC.
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23
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Law AMK, Rodriguez de la Fuente L, Grundy TJ, Fang G, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D. Advancements in 3D Cell Culture Systems for Personalizing Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:782766. [PMID: 34917509 PMCID: PMC8669727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical models that are being currently used for drug development and in personalised therapies. To ensure that the assessment of drug efficacy and their mechanism of action have clinical translatability, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment needs to be properly modelled. 3D culture models are emerging as a powerful research tool that recapitulates in vivo characteristics. Technological advancements in this field show promising application in improving drug discovery, pre-clinical validation, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the significance of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on therapy success, the current developments of 3D culture, and the opportunities that advancements that in vitro technologies can provide to improve cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M K Law
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas J Grundy
- Life Sciences, Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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24
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Varrone F, Mandrich L, Caputo E. Melanoma Immunotherapy and Precision Medicine in the Era of Tumor Micro-Tissue Engineering: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5788. [PMID: 34830940 PMCID: PMC8616100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma still remains a cancer with very poor survival rates, although it is at the forefront of personalized medicine. Most patients show partial responses and disease progressed due to adaptative resistance mechanisms, preventing long-lasting clinical benefits to the current treatments. The response to therapies can be shaped by not only taking into account cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity, but also by its structural context as well as the cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we review the recent development in the field of immunotherapy and target-based therapy and how, in the era of tumor micro-tissue engineering, ex-vivo assays could help to enhance our melanoma biology knowledge in its complexity, translating it in the development of successful therapeutic strategies, as well as in the prediction of therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Mandrich
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystem—IRET-CNR Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emilia Caputo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics—IGB-CNR, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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25
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Ebrahimi N, Nasr Esfahani A, Samizade S, Mansouri A, Ghanaatian M, Adelian S, Shadman Manesh V, Hamblin MR. The potential application of organoids in breast cancer research and treatment. Hum Genet 2021; 141:193-208. [PMID: 34713317 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge for breast cancer researchers who have struggled to find effective treatments despite recent advances in oncology. Although the use of 2D cell culture methods in breast cancer research has been effective, it cannot model the heterogeneity of breast cancer as found within the body. The development of 3D culture of tumor cells and breast cancer organoids has provided a new approach in breast cancer research, allowing the identification of biomarkers, study of the interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment, and for drug screening and discovery. In addition, the possibility of gene editing in organoids, especially using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, is convenient, and has allowed a more detailed study of tumor behavior in models closer to the physiological condition. The present review covers the application of organoids in breast cancer research. The recent use of gene-editing systems to provide insights into therapeutic approaches for breast cancer, is highlighted. The study of organoids and the possibility of gene manipulation may be a step towards the personalized treatment of breast cancer, which has so far remained unattainable due to the high heterogeneity of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Setare Samizade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Jahrom, Jahrom, Fars, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Department of Genetics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vida Shadman Manesh
- Medical Engineering Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Faculty of Health Science, Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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26
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Aguilar C, Alves da Silva M, Saraiva M, Neyazi M, Olsson IAS, Bartfeld S. Organoids as host models for infection biology - a review of methods. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1471-1482. [PMID: 34663936 PMCID: PMC8521091 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the infection process is urgently needed. Over the last century, the development of in vitro and in vivo models has led to remarkable contributions to the current knowledge in the field of infection biology. However, applying recent advances in organoid culture technology to research infectious diseases is now taking the field to a higher level of complexity. Here, we describe the current methods available for the study of infectious diseases using organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians Universität Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Alves da Silva
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mastura Neyazi
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians Universität Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - I. Anna S. Olsson
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians Universität Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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27
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Gastric Organoids: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:19-33. [PMID: 34547535 PMCID: PMC8600088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stomach is a complex and physiologically necessary organ, yet large differences in physiology between mouse and human stomachs have impeded translation of physiological discoveries and drug screens performed using murine gastric tissues. Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health threat, with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. The heterogeneous nature of GC makes it poorly suited for current "one size fits all" standard treatments. In this review, we discuss the rapidly evolving field of gastric organoids, with a focus on studies expanding cultures from primary human tissues and describing the benefits of mouse organoid models. We introduce the differing methods for culturing healthy gastric tissue from adult tissues or pluripotent stem cells, discuss the promise these systems have for preclinical drug screens, and highlight applications of organoids for precision medicine. Finally, we discuss the limitations of these models and look to the future to present potential ways gastric organoids will advance treatment options for patients with GC.
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28
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Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing, expanding 3D cultures derived from stem cells. Using tissue derived from patients, these miniaturized models recapitulate various aspects of patient physiology and disease phenotypes including genetic profiles and drug sensitivities. As such, patient-derived organoid (PDO) platforms provide an unprecedented opportunity for improving preclinical drug discovery, clinical trial validation, and ultimately patient care. This article reviews the evolution and scope of organoid technology, highlights recent encouraging results using PDOs as potential patient "avatars" to predict drug response and outcomes, and discusses critical parameters for widespread clinical adoption. These include improvements in assay speed, reproducibility, standardization, and automation which are necessary to realize the translational potential of PDOs as clinical tools. The multiple entry points where PDOs may contribute valuable insights in drug discovery and lessen the risks associated with clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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29
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Bagayoko S, Leon-Icaza SA, Pinilla M, Hessel A, Santoni K, Péricat D, Bordignon PJ, Moreau F, Eren E, Boyancé A, Naser E, Lefèvre L, Berrone C, Iakobachvili N, Metais A, Rombouts Y, Lugo-Villarino G, Coste A, Attrée I, Frank DW, Clevers H, Peters PJ, Cougoule C, Planès R, Meunier E. Host phospholipid peroxidation fuels ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and supports Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven pathology. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009927. [PMID: 34516571 PMCID: PMC8460005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell necrosis supports immune and anti-infectious strategies of the body; however, dysregulation of these processes drives pathological organ damage. Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a phospholipase, ExoU that triggers pathological host cell necrosis through a poorly characterized pathway. Here, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ExoU-mediated necrosis. We show that cellular peroxidised phospholipids enhance ExoU phospholipase activity, which drives necrosis of immune and non-immune cells. Conversely, both the endogenous lipid peroxidation regulator GPX4 and the pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation delay ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and improve bacterial elimination in vitro and in vivo. Our findings also pertain to the ExoU-related phospholipase from the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia thailandensis, suggesting that exploitation of peroxidised phospholipids might be a conserved virulence mechanism among various microbial phospholipases. Overall, our results identify an original lipid peroxidation-based virulence mechanism as a strong contributor of microbial phospholipase-driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Bagayoko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen Adonai Leon-Icaza
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Miriam Pinilla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karin Santoni
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Péricat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Bordignon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavie Moreau
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Level 3 Biosafety Animal Core facility, Anexplo platform, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elif Eren
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélien Boyancé
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Naser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Cytometry & Imaging Core facility, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Lefèvre
- RESTORE institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Berrone
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Level 3 Biosafety Animal Core facility, Anexplo platform, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nino Iakobachvili
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Metais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- RESTORE institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Dara W. Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Peters
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Planès
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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30
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Larsen JB, Taebnia N, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Eriksen AZ, Hjørringgaard C, Kristensen K, Larsen NW, Larsen NB, Marie R, Mündler AK, Parhamifar L, Urquhart AJ, Weller A, Mortensen KI, Flyvbjerg H, Andresen TL. Imaging therapeutic peptide transport across intestinal barriers. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1115-1143. [PMID: 34458827 PMCID: PMC8341777 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is a highly preferred method for drug administration due to high patient compliance. However, oral administration is intrinsically challenging for pharmacologically interesting drug classes, in particular pharmaceutical peptides, due to the biological barriers associated with the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we start by summarizing the pharmacological performance of several clinically relevant orally administrated therapeutic peptides, highlighting their low bioavailabilities. Thus, there is a strong need to increase the transport of peptide drugs across the intestinal barrier to realize future treatment needs and further development in the field. Currently, progress is hampered by a lack of understanding of transport mechanisms that govern intestinal absorption and transport of peptide drugs, including the effects of the permeability enhancers commonly used to mediate uptake. We describe how, for the past decades, mechanistic insights have predominantly been gained using functional assays with end-point read-out capabilities, which only allow indirect study of peptide transport mechanisms. We then focus on fluorescence imaging that, on the other hand, provides opportunities to directly visualize and thus follow peptide transport at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consequently, it may provide new and detailed mechanistic understanding of the interplay between the physicochemical properties of peptides and cellular processes; an interplay that determines the efficiency of transport. We review current methodology and state of the art in the field of fluorescence imaging to study intestinal barrier transport of peptides, and provide a comprehensive overview of the imaging-compatible in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo platforms that currently are being developed to accelerate this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Bruun Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anne Zebitz Eriksen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claudia Hjørringgaard
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nanna Wichmann Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Niels Bent Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ann-Kathrin Mündler
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Andrew James Urquhart
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Arjen Weller
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim I Mortensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyvbjerg
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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31
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Zhong W, Chen W, Yao B, Wang X. 3D organoids derived from the small intestine: An emerging tool for drug transport research. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1697-1707. [PMID: 34386316 PMCID: PMC8343122 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small intestine in vitro models play a crucial role in drug transport research. Although conventional 2D cell culture models, such as Caco-2 monolayer, possess many advantages, they should be interpreted with caution because they have relatively poor physiologically reproducible phenotypes and functions. With the development of 3D culture technology, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and adult somatic stem cells (ASCs) show remarkable self-organization characteristics, which leads to the development of intestinal organoids. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the application of intestinal 3D organoids in drug transport mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). The advantages and limitations of this model are also discussed. Although there are still many challenges, intestinal 3D organoid model has the potential to be an excellent tool for drug transport research.
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Key Words
- 3D organoid
- ASCs, adult somatic stem cells
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CDF, 5(6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- Caco-2 cell monolayer
- DDI, drug–drug interactions
- Drug transporter
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ER, efflux ratio
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- Lgr5+, leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 positive
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter protein
- MRP2, multidrug resistance protein 2
- NBD, nucleotide-binding domain
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- OCTN, carnitine/organic cation transporter
- P-glycoprotein
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PEPT, peptide transporter protein
- PMAT, plasma membrane monoamine transporter
- PSCs, pluripotent stem cells
- Papp, apparent permeability coefficient
- Rh123, rhodamine 123
- SLC, solute carrier
- Small intestine
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TMDs, transmembrane domains
- cMOAT, canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiguo Zhong
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 2420 6564; fax: +86 21 5434 4922.
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Shankaran A, Prasad K, Chaudhari S, Brand A, Satyamoorthy K. Advances in development and application of human organoids. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33977021 PMCID: PMC8105691 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innumerable studies associated with cellular differentiation, tissue response and disease modeling have been conducted in two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or animal models. This has been invaluable in deciphering the normal and disease states in cell biology; the key shortcomings of it being suitability for translational or clinical correlations. The past decade has seen several major advances in organoid culture technologies and this has enhanced our understanding of mimicking organ reconstruction. The term organoid has generally been used to describe cellular aggregates derived from primary tissues or stem cells that can self-organize into organotypic structures. Organoids mimic the cellular microenvironment of tissues better than 2D cell culture systems and represent the tissue physiology. Human organoids of brain, thyroid, gastrointestinal, lung, cardiac, liver, pancreatic and kidney have been established from various diseases, healthy tissues and from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Advances in patient-derived organoid culture further provides a unique perspective from which treatment modalities can be personalized. In this review article, we have discussed the current strategies for establishing various types of organoids of ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal origin. We have also discussed their applications in modeling human health and diseases (such as cancer, genetic, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases), applications in regenerative medicine and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Shankaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Angela Brand
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Department International Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University- Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute On Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Han X, Mslati MA, Davies E, Chen Y, Allaire JM, Vallance BA. Creating a More Perfect Union: Modeling Intestinal Bacteria-Epithelial Interactions Using Organoids. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:769-782. [PMID: 33895425 PMCID: PMC8273413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids have become indispensable tools for many gastrointestinal researchers, advancing their studies of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cells, and their roles in an array of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. In many cases. these diseases, as well as many enteric infections, reflect pathogenic interactions between bacteria and the gut epithelium. The complexity of studying this microbe-epithelial interface in vivo has led to significant focus on modeling this cross-talk using organoid models. Considering how quickly the organoid field is advancing, it can be difficult to keep up to date with the latest techniques, as well as their respective strengths and weaknesses. This review addresses the advantages of using organoids derived from adult stem cells and the recently identified differences that biopsy location and patient age can have on organoids and their interactions with microbes. Several approaches to introducing bacteria in a relevant (apical) manner (ie, microinjecting 3-dimensional spheroids, polarity-reversed organoids, and 2-dimensional monolayers) also are addressed, as are the key readouts that can be obtained using these models. Lastly, the potential for new approaches, such as air-liquid interface, to facilitate studying bacterial interactions with important but understudied epithelial subsets such as goblet cells and their products, is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthias A Mslati
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie M Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kayisoglu Ö, Schlegel N, Bartfeld S. Gastrointestinal epithelial innate immunity-regionalization and organoids as new model. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:517-530. [PMID: 33538854 PMCID: PMC8026474 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is in constant contact with microbial stimuli. Its barriers have to ensure co-existence with the commensal bacteria, while enabling surveillance of intruding pathogens. At the centre of the interaction lies the epithelial layer, which marks the boundaries of the body. It is equipped with a multitude of different innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors, to mount inflammatory responses to microbes. Dysfunction of this intricate system results in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the complexity of the cellular interactions, their molecular basis and their development remains poorly understood. In recent years, stem cell-derived organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for both development and a broad range of pathologies, including infectious diseases. In addition, organoids enable the study of epithelial innate immunity in vitro. In this review, we focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and its regional organization to discuss innate immune sensing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kayisoglu
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Serex L, Sharma K, Rizov V, Bertsch A, McKinney JD, Renaud P. Microfluidic-assisted bioprinting of tissues and organoids at high cell concentrations. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abca80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Organoid As a Novel Technology for Disease Modeling. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.868837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Traulsen J, Zagami C, Daddi AA, Boccellato F. Molecular modelling of the gastric barrier response, from infection to carcinogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 50-51:101737. [PMID: 33975688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lining of the stomach is a tight monolayer of epithelial cells performing functions in digestion and a protective barrier against gastric acid, toxic metabolites and infectious agents, including Helicobacter pylori. The response of the epithelial barrier to infections underlies gastric pathologies, including gastric cancer. H. pylori has the unique capacity to colonise the gastric mucosa while evading the immune system. The colonised mucosa initiates an inflammatory response to fight the infection and a strong regenerative program to avoid barrier failure and ulceration. This response changes the morphology and cell composition of the gastric epithelium and in parallel it might contribute to the accumulation of somatic mutations leading to cellular transformation. Genetically modified mice, cell lines and human-derived organoids are the main biological models to study the gastric epithelial barrier. With these models it is possible to dissect the stepwise process of tissue adaptation to infection that places the epithelium at risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Traulsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia Zagami
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alice Anna Daddi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Boccellato
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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38
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Brassard JA, Nikolaev M, Hübscher T, Hofer M, Lutolf MP. Recapitulating macro-scale tissue self-organization through organoid bioprinting. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:22-29. [PMID: 32958879 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting promises enormous control over the spatial deposition of cells in three dimensions1-7, but current approaches have had limited success at reproducing the intricate micro-architecture, cell-type diversity and function of native tissues formed through cellular self-organization. We introduce a three-dimensional bioprinting concept that uses organoid-forming stem cells as building blocks that can be deposited directly into extracellular matrices conducive to spontaneous self-organization. By controlling the geometry and cellular density, we generated centimetre-scale tissues that comprise self-organized features such as lumens, branched vasculature and tubular intestinal epithelia with in vivo-like crypts and villus domains. Supporting cells were deposited to modulate morphogenesis in space and time, and different epithelial cells were printed sequentially to mimic the organ boundaries present in the gastrointestinal tract. We thus show how biofabrication and organoid technology can be merged to control tissue self-organization from millimetre to centimetre scales, opening new avenues for drug discovery, diagnostics and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Brassard
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mike Nikolaev
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Hübscher
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science (SB), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Poletti M, Arnauts K, Ferrante M, Korcsmaros T. Organoid-based Models to Study the Role of Host-microbiota Interactions in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:1222-1235. [PMID: 33341879 PMCID: PMC8256633 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota appears to play a central role in health, and alterations in the gut microbiota are observed in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Yet, the mechanisms behind host-microbiota interactions in IBD, especially at the intestinal epithelial cell level, are not yet fully understood. Dissecting the role of host-microbiota interactions in disease onset and progression is pivotal, and requires representative models mimicking the gastrointestinal ecosystem, including the intestinal epithelium, the gut microbiota, and immune cells. New advancements in organoid microfluidics technology are facilitating the study of IBD-related microbial-epithelial cross-talk, and the discovery of novel microbial therapies. Here, we review different organoid-based ex vivo models that are currently available, and benchmark their suitability and limitations for specific research questions. Organoid applications, such as patient-derived organoid biobanks for microbial screening and 'omics technologies, are discussed, highlighting their potential to gain better mechanistic insights into disease mechanisms and eventually allow personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Poletti
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven [SCIL], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Corresponding author: Marc Ferrante, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel.: +32 16 344225;
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Neumeyer V, Brutau-Abia A, Allgäuer M, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Falkeis-Veits C, Kremmer E, Vieth M, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Loss of RNF43 Function Contributes to Gastric Carcinogenesis by Impairing DNA Damage Response. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1071-1094. [PMID: 33188943 PMCID: PMC7898035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) is a tumor suppressor that frequently is mutated in gastric tumors. The link between RNF43 and modulation of Wingless-related integration site (WNT) signaling has not been shown clearly in the stomach. Because mutations in RNF43 are highly enriched in microsatellite-unstable gastric tumors, which show defects in DNA damage response (DDR), we investigated whether RNF43 is involved in DDR in the stomach. METHODS DDR activation and cell viability upon γ-radiation was analyzed in gastric cells where expression of RNF43 was depleted. Response to chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was analyzed in gastric cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors. In addition, involvement of RNF43 in DDR activation was analyzed upon Helicobacter pylori infection in wild-type and Rnf43ΔEx8 mice. Furthermore, a cohort of human gastric biopsy specimens was analyzed for RNF43 expression and mutation status as well as for activation of DDR. RESULTS RNF43 depletion conferred resistance to γ-radiation and chemotherapy by dampening the activation of DDR, thereby preventing apoptosis in gastric cells. Upon Helicobacter pylori infection, RNF43 loss of function reduced activation of DDR and apoptosis. Furthermore, RNF43 expression correlated with DDR activation in human gastric biopsy specimens, and RNF43 mutations found in gastric tumors conferred resistance to DNA damage. When exploring the molecular mechanisms behind these findings, a direct interaction between RNF43 and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) was observed. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel function for RNF43 in the stomach as a regulator of DDR. Loss of RNF43 function in gastric cells confers resistance to DNA damage-inducing radiotherapy and chemotherapy, suggesting RNF43 as a possible biomarker for therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Neumeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Brutau-Abia
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Lee SJ, Lee HA. Trends in the development of human stem cell-based non-animal drug testing models. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:441-452. [PMID: 33093266 PMCID: PMC7585597 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.6.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In vivo animal models are limited in their ability to mimic the extremely complex systems of the human body, and there is increasing disquiet about the ethics of animal research. Many authorities in different geographical areas are considering implementing a ban on animal testing, including testing for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is a need for research into systems that can replicate the responses of laboratory animals and simulate environments similar to the human body in a laboratory. An in vitro two-dimensional cell culture model is widely used, because such a system is relatively inexpensive, easy to implement, and can gather considerable amounts of reference data. However, these models lack a real physiological extracellular environment. Recent advances in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and microfabrication techniques have facilitated the development of various 3D cell culture models. These include multicellular spheroids, organoids, and organs-on-chips, each of which has its own advantages and limitations. Organoids are organ-specific cell clusters created by aggregating cells derived from pluripotent, adult, and cancer stem cells. Patient-derived organoids can be used as models of human disease in a culture dish. Biomimetic organ chips are models that replicate the physiological and mechanical functions of human organs. Many organoids and organ-on-a-chips have been developed for drug screening and testing, so competition for patents between countries is also intensifying. We analyzed the scientific and technological trends underlying these cutting-edge models, which are developed for use as non-animal models for testing safety and efficacy at the nonclinical stages of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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Three-Dimensional In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus Abscess Communities Display Antibiotic Tolerance and Protection from Neutrophil Clearance. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00293-20. [PMID: 32817328 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00293-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen in bone and soft-tissue infections. Pathophysiology involves abscess formation, which consists of central staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs), surrounded by a fibrin pseudocapsule and infiltrating immune cells. Protection against the ingress of immune cells such as neutrophils, or tolerance to antibiotics, remains largely unknown for SACs and is limited by the lack of availability of in vitro models. We describe a three-dimensional in vitro model of SACs grown in a human plasma-supplemented collagen gel. The in vitro SACs reached their maximum size by 24 h and elaborated a fibrin pseudocapsule, as confirmed by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. The in vitro SACs tolerated 100× the MIC of gentamicin alone and in combination with rifampin, while planktonic controls and mechanically dispersed SACs were efficiently killed. To simulate a host response, SACs were exposed to differentiated PLB-985 neutrophil-like (dPLB) cells and to primary human neutrophils at an early stage of SAC formation or after maturation at 24 h. Both cell types were unable to clear mature in vitro SACs, but dPLB cells prevented SAC growth upon early exposure before pseudocapsule maturation. Neutrophil exposure after plasmin pretreatment of the SACs resulted in a significant decrease in the number of bacteria within the SACs. The in vitro SAC model mimics key in vivo features, offers a new tool to study host-pathogen interactions and drug efficacy assessment, and has revealed the functionality of the S. aureus pseudocapsule in protecting the bacteria from host phagocytic responses and antibiotics.
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The ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB axis links a bacterial carcinogen to R-loop-induced replication stress. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5117. [PMID: 33037203 PMCID: PMC7547021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of gastric epithelial cells to the bacterial carcinogen Helicobacter pylori causes DNA double strand breaks. Here, we show that H. pylori-induced DNA damage occurs co-transcriptionally in S-phase cells that activate NF-κB signaling upon innate immune recognition of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic intermediate β-ADP-heptose by the ALPK1/TIFA signaling pathway. DNA damage depends on the bi-functional RfaE enzyme and the Cag pathogenicity island of H. pylori, is accompanied by replication fork stalling and can be observed also in primary cells derived from gastric organoids. Importantly, H. pylori-induced replication stress and DNA damage depend on the presence of co-transcriptional RNA/DNA hybrids (R-loops) that form in infected cells during S-phase as a consequence of β-ADP-heptose/ ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB signaling. H. pylori resides in close proximity to S-phase cells in the gastric mucosa of gastritis patients. Taken together, our results link bacterial infection and NF-κB-driven innate immune responses to R-loop-dependent replication stress and DNA damage. The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is known for its ability to induce DNA double-strand breaks in the genome of its target cells. Here, we show that H. pylori-induced DNA damage and replication stress occurs in S-phase cells as a result of R-loop-mediated transcription/replication conflicts that are triggered by activation of the ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB signaling axis.
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D'Costa K, Kosic M, Lam A, Moradipour A, Zhao Y, Radisic M. Biomaterials and Culture Systems for Development of Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip Models. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2002-2027. [PMID: 32285341 PMCID: PMC7334104 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel 3D tissue culture systems has enabled the in vitro study of in vivo processes, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of previous 2D tissue culture systems. Advances in biomaterials, including the discovery of novel synthetic polymers has allowed for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro 3D culture models. A large number of 3D culture systems, aided by novel organ-on-a-chip and bioreactor technologies have been developed to improve reproducibility and scalability of in vitro organ models. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the increasing number of protocols to generate iPSC-derived cell types has allowed for the generation of novel 3D models with minimal ethical limitations. The production of iPSC-derived 3D cultures has revolutionized the field of developmental biology and in particular, the study of fetal brain development. Furthermore, physiologically relevant 3D cultures generated from PSCs or adult stem cells (ASCs) have greatly advanced in vitro disease modelling and drug discovery. This review focuses on advances in 3D culture systems over the past years to model fetal development, disease pathology and support drug discovery in vitro, with a specific focus on the enabling role of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya D'Costa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milena Kosic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Lam
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Azeen Moradipour
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Corrò C, Novellasdemunt L, Li VSW. A brief history of organoids. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C151-C165. [PMID: 32459504 PMCID: PMC7468890 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the past, the lack of tissue architecture and complexity of such model fails to inform the true biological processes in vivo. Recent advances in the organoid technology have revolutionized the in vitro culture tools for biomedical research by creating powerful three-dimensional (3D) models to recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of the primary tissues. Such organoid technology enables researchers to recreate human organs and diseases in a dish and thus holds great promises for many translational applications such as regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the organoid history and development. We discuss the strengths and limitations of organoids as well as their potential applications in the laboratory and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Corrò
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London United Kingdom
| | - Laura Novellasdemunt
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London United Kingdom
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London United Kingdom
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Heidari-Khoei H, Esfandiari F, Hajari MA, Ghorbaninejad Z, Piryaei A, Baharvand H. Organoid technology in female reproductive biomedicine. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:64. [PMID: 32552764 PMCID: PMC7301968 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in organoid technology are revolutionizing our knowledge about the biology, physiology, and function of various organs. Female reproductive biology and medicine also benefit from this technology. Organoids recapitulate features of different reproductive organs including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, as well as trophoblasts. The genetic stability of organoids and long-lasting commitment to their tissue of origin during long-term culture makes them attractive substitutes for animal and in vitro models. Despite current limitations, organoids offer a promising platform to address fundamental questions regarding the reproductive system's physiology and pathology. They provide a human source to harness stem cells for regenerative medicine, heal damaged epithelia in specific diseases, and study biological processes in healthy and pathological conditions. The combination of male and female reproductive organoids with other technologies, such as microfluidics technology, would enable scientists to create a multi-organoid-on-a-chip platform for the next step to human-on-a-chip platforms for clinical applications, drug discovery, and toxicology studies. The present review discusses recent advances in producing organoid models of reproductive organs and highlights their applications, as well as technical challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Heidari-Khoei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hajari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Zeynab Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4719, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Luo H, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang T, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Xu J, Yue M, Fang W, Li X. Utility Evaluation of Porcine Enteroids as PDCoV Infection Model in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32390999 PMCID: PMC7191032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel emerging enteric coronavirus found in pigs. Intestinal enteroids, which partially recreate the structure and function of intestinal villi-crypts, have many physiological similarities to the intestinal tissues in vivo. Enteroids exhibit advantages in studying the interactions between intestines and enteric pathogens. To create a novel infection model for PDCoV, we developed an in vitro system to generate porcine intestinal enteroids from crypts of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of pigs. Enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, stem cells, proliferating cells, and goblet cells were found in the differentiated enteroids. Replication of PDCoV was detected in the cultured enteroids by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. Double immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated that PDCoV was present in Sox9-positive intestinal cells and Villin1-positive enterocytes. There were multiple cellular responses shown as changes of transcription of genes related to mucosal immunity, antiviral genes, and marker genes of stem cells and other cells in the enteroids infected with PDCoV. We conclude that the 2-D enteroids derived from porcine jejunum can be used as an in vitro multicellular model for the investigation of pathogenesis and host immune responses to porcine enteric pathogens, such as PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyou Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Co JY, Margalef-Català M, Li X, Mah AT, Kuo CJ, Monack DM, Amieva MR. Controlling Epithelial Polarity: A Human Enteroid Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2509-2520.e4. [PMID: 30811997 PMCID: PMC6391775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteroids-epithelial spheroids derived from primary gastrointestinal tissue-are a promising model to study pathogen-epithelial interactions. However, accessing the apical enteroid surface is challenging because it is enclosed within the spheroid. We developed a technique to reverse enteroid polarity such that the apical surface everts to face the media. Apical-out enteroids maintain proper polarity and barrier function, differentiate into the major intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) types, and exhibit polarized absorption of nutrients. We used this model to study host-pathogen interactions and identified distinct polarity-specific patterns of infection by invasive enteropathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium targets IEC apical surfaces for invasion via cytoskeletal rearrangements, and Listeria monocytogenes, which binds to basolateral receptors, invade apical surfaces at sites of cell extrusion. Despite different modes of entry, both pathogens exit the epithelium within apically extruding enteroid cells. This model will enable further examination of IECs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mar Margalef-Català
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel R Amieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Busslinger GA, Lissendorp F, Franken IA, van Hillegersberg R, Ruurda JP, Clevers H, de Maat MFG. The potential and challenges of patient-derived organoids in guiding the multimodality treatment of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Open Biol 2020; 10:190274. [PMID: 32259456 PMCID: PMC7241074 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of adenocarcinoma at the gastrooesophageal junction increased over the last years. Curative treatment for patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies, such as oesophageal and gastric tumours, is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Radical surgical resection with complete lymphadenectomy is the cornerstone of UGI cancer treatment. Combined with peri-operative treatment (i.e. by applying CROSS, EOX or FLOT regimen), the survival is even better than with surgery alone. However, peri-operative treatment is not effective in all patients, and the most effective strategy is a topic of active debate, as is reflected by varying treatment guidelines between countries. UGI cancers are (epi)genetically highly heterogeneous. It is thus not likely that a uniform treatment will benefit all patients equally well. Over recent years, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) gained more and more interest as an in vitro prediction model that may assist as a diagnostic tool in the future to select and eventually optimize the best peri-operative treatments for each patient. PDOs can be derived from endoscopic tumour biopsies, which maintain heterogeneity in culture. They can be rapidly established and expanded in a relatively short time for in vitro drug screening experiments. This review summarizes the clinical and molecular aspects of oesophageal and gastric tumours, as well as the current progress and remaining challenges in the use of PDOs for drug and radiation screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Busslinger
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fianne Lissendorp
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A Franken
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Hillegersberg
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle P Ruurda
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F G de Maat
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Verma S, Senger S, Cherayil BJ, Faherty CS. Spheres of Influence: Insights into Salmonella Pathogenesis from Intestinal Organoids. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040504. [PMID: 32244707 PMCID: PMC7232497 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular complexity of host-pathogen interactions remains poorly understood in many infectious diseases, particularly in humans due to the limited availability of reliable and specific experimental models. To bridge the gap between classical two-dimensional culture systems, which often involve transformed cell lines that may not have all the physiologic properties of primary cells, and in vivo animal studies, researchers have developed the organoid model system. Organoids are complex three-dimensional structures that are generated in vitro from primary cells and can recapitulate key in vivo properties of an organ such as structural organization, multicellularity, and function. In this review, we discuss how organoids have been deployed in exploring Salmonella infection in mice and humans. In addition, we summarize the recent advancements that hold promise to elevate our understanding of the interactions and crosstalk between multiple cell types and the microbiota with Salmonella. These models have the potential for improving clinical outcomes and future prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-726-7991
| | - Stefania Senger
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Bobby J. Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Christina S. Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
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