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Chhajed S, Li Y, Chen S. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Measurement in Arabidopsis Guard Cells in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:205-212. [PMID: 38869797 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the major plant stress level indicators is reactive oxygen species (ROS). They have been known to play a central role in regulating plant responses to various environmental stresses. This book chapter specifically covers abiotic stress induced by a drought hormone abscisic acid and biotic stress induced by Pseudomonas syringe DC3000 on single cell-type guard cells. We describe in detail the measurement of ROS production starting from sample preparation to data analysis by fluorescence intensity acquisition using ImageJ software. We discussed the problems faced while performing the experiment and addressed how to overcome them by providing specific guidelines to ensure high quality repeatable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - YangYang Li
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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2
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Martinez P, Serpe M, Barron R, Buerki S. Acclimation and hardening of a slow-growing woody species emblematic to western North America from in vitro plantlets. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2023; 11:e11515. [PMID: 37051580 PMCID: PMC10083460 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Determining the tolerance of plant populations to climate change requires the development of biotechnological protocols producing genetically identical individuals used for genotype-by-environment experiments. Such protocols are missing for slow-growth, woody plants; to address this gap, this study uses Artemisia tridentata, a western North American keystone shrub, as model. METHODS AND RESULTS The production of individual lines is a two-step process: in vitro propagation under aseptic conditions followed by ex vitro acclimation and hardening. Due to aseptic growth conditions, in vitro plantlets exhibit maladapted phenotypes, and this protocol focuses on presenting an approach promoting morphogenesis for slow-growth, woody species. Survival was used as the main criterion determining successful acclimation and hardening. Phenotypic changes were confirmed by inspecting leaf anatomy, and shoot water potential was used to ensure that plantlets were not water stressed. CONCLUSIONS Although our protocol has lower survival rates (11-41%) compared to protocols developed for herbaceous, fast-growing species, it provides a benchmark for slow-growth, woody species occurring in dry ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Martinez
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseIdahoUSA
| | - Marcelo Serpe
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseIdahoUSA
| | | | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseIdahoUSA
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3
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Han C, Hua W, Li J, Qiao Y, Yao L, Hao W, Li R, Fan M, De Jaeger G, Yang W, Bai MY. TOR promotes guard cell starch degradation by regulating the activity of β-AMYLASE1 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1038-1053. [PMID: 34919720 PMCID: PMC8894947 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the main energy storage carbohydrate in plants and serves as an essential carbon storage molecule for plant metabolism and growth under changing environmental conditions. The TARGET of RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator that integrates energy, nutrient, hormone, and stress signaling to regulate growth in all eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that TOR promotes guard cell starch degradation and induces stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Starvation caused by plants growing under short photoperiod or low light photon irradiance, as well as inactivation of TOR, impaired guard cell starch degradation and stomatal opening. Sugar and TOR induce the accumulation of β-AMYLASE1 (BAM1), which is responsible for starch degradation in guard cells. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid and transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 play crucial roles in sugar-promoted expression of BAM1. Furthermore, sugar supply induced BAM1 accumulation, but TOR inactivation led to BAM1 degradation, and the effects of TOR inactivation on BAM1 degradation were abolished by the inhibition of autophagy and proteasome pathways or by phospho-mimicking mutation of BAM1 at serine-31. Such regulation of BAM1 activity by sugar-TOR signaling allows carbon availability to regulate guard cell starch metabolism and stomatal movement, ensuring optimal photosynthesis efficiency of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenbo Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinge Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ruizi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Wu HC, Yu SY, Wang YD, Jinn TL. Guard Cell-Specific Pectin METHYLESTERASE53 Is Required for Abscisic Acid-Mediated Stomatal Function and Heat Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836151. [PMID: 35265095 PMCID: PMC8898962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a major component of the plant cell wall, forming a network that contributes to cell wall integrity and flexibility. Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyzes the removal of methylester groups from the homogalacturonan backbone, the most abundant pectic polymer, and contributes to intercellular adhesion during plant development and different environmental stimuli stress. In this study, we identified and characterized an Arabidopsis type-II PME, PME53, which encodes a cell wall deposited protein and may be involved in the stomatal lineage pathway and stomatal functions. We demonstrated that PME53 is expressed explicitly in guard cells as an abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated gene required for stomatal movement and thermotolerance. The expression of PME53 is significantly affected by the stomatal differentiation factors SCRM and MUTE. The null mutation in PME53 results in a significant increase in stomatal number and susceptibility to ABA-induced stomatal closure. During heat stress, the pme53 mutant highly altered the activity of PME and significantly lowered the expression level of the calmodulin AtCaM3, indicating that PME53 may be involved in Ca2+-pectate reconstitution to render plant thermotolerance. Here, we present evidence that the PME53-mediated de-methylesterification status of pectin is directed toward stomatal development, movement, and regulation of the flexibility of the guard cell wall required for the heat response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Yu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Da Wang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Luo Jinn
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Identification of stomatal-regulating molecules from de novo arylamine collection through aromatic C-H amination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:949. [PMID: 35042960 PMCID: PMC8766585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata—small pores generally found on the leaves of plants—control gas exchange between plant and the atmosphere. Elucidating the mechanism that underlies such control through the regulation of stomatal opening/closing is important to understand how plants regulate photosynthesis and tolerate against drought. However, up-to-date, molecular components and their function involved in stomatal regulation are not fully understood. We challenged such problem through a chemical genetic approach by isolating and characterizing synthetic molecules that influence stomatal movement. Here, we describe that a small chemical collection, prepared during the development of C–H amination reactions, lead to the discovery of a Stomata Influencing Molecule (SIM); namely, a sulfonimidated oxazole that inhibits stomatal opening. The starting molecule SIM1 was initially isolated from screening of compounds that inhibit light induced opening of dayflower stomata. A range of SIM molecules were rapidly accessed using our state-of-the-art C–H amination technologies. This enabled an efficient structure–activity relationship (SAR) study, culminating in the discovery of a sulfonamidated oxazole derivative (SIM*) having higher activity and enhanced specificity against stomatal regulation. Biological assay results have shed some light on the mode of action of SIM molecules within the cell, which may ultimately lead to drought tolerance-conferring agrochemicals through the control of stomatal movement.
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Mishra LS, Mishra S, Caddell DF, Coleman-Derr D, Funk C. The Plastid-Localized AtFtsHi3 Pseudo-Protease of Arabidopsis thaliana Has an Impact on Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:694727. [PMID: 34249066 PMCID: PMC8261292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.694727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While drought severely affects plant growth and crop production, the molecular mechanisms of the drought response of plants remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the effect of the pseudo-protease AtFtsHi3 of Arabidopsis thaliana on overall plant growth and in drought tolerance. An AtFTSHi3 knock-down mutant [ftshi3-1(kd)] displayed a pale-green phenotype with lower photosynthetic efficiency and Darwinian fitness compared to wild type (Wt). An observed delay in seed germination of ftshi3-1(kd) was attributed to overaccumulation of abscisic acid (ABA); ftshi3-1(kd) seedlings showed partial sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Being exposed to similar severity of soil drying, ftshi3-1(kd) was drought-tolerant up to 20 days after the last irrigation, while wild type plants wilted after 12 days. Leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) contained reduced stomata size, density, and a smaller stomatic aperture. During drought stress, ftshi3-1(kd) showed lowered stomatal conductance, increased intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), and slower stress acclimation. Expression levels of ABA-responsive genes were higher in leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) than Wt; DREB1A, but not DREB2A, was significantly upregulated during drought. However, although ftshi3-1(kd) displayed a drought-tolerant phenotype in aboveground tissue, the root-associated bacterial community responded to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanatkumar Mishra
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel F. Caddell
- Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Devin Coleman-Derr
- Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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7
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Mishra LS, Kim S, Caddell DF, Coleman‐Derr D, Funk C. Loss of Arabidopsis matrix metalloproteinase-5 affects root development and root bacterial communities during drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1045-1058. [PMID: 33616955 PMCID: PMC8247326 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endo-peptidases that in mammals are known to be involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in developmental and pathological processes. In this study, we report At5-MMP of Arabidopsis thaliana to be important for root development and root bacterial communities. At5-MMP is mainly localized in the root vasculature and lateral root, an At5-MMP T-DNA insertion mutant (mmp5 KO) showed reduced root growth and a lower number of root apexes, causing reduced water uptake from the soil. Subsequently, mmp5 KO is sensitive to drought stress. Inhibited auxin transport was accompanied with resistance to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) was lower in roots of mmp5 KO than in wild type. Genes responsive to ABA as well as genes encoding enzymes of the proline biosynthesis were expressed to a lower extent in mmp5 KO than in wild type. Moreover, drought stress modulated root-associated bacterial communities of mmp5 KO: the number of Actinobacteria increased. Therefore, At5-MMP modulates auxin/ABA signaling rendering the plant sensitive to drought stress and recruiting differential root bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung‐Yong Kim
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel F. Caddell
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Gene Expression CenterAlbanyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Devin Coleman‐Derr
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Gene Expression CenterAlbanyCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Pang Q, Zhang T, Zhang A, Lin C, Kong W, Chen S. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses. PLANTA 2020; 252:66. [PMID: 32979085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein and phosphoprotein profiles uncovered the overall regulation of stomata movement against pathogen invasion and phosphorylation states of proteins involved in ABA, SA, calcium and ROS signaling, which may modulate the stomatal immune response. Stomatal openings represent a major route of pathogen entry into the plant, and plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate stomatal aperture as innate immune response against bacterial invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying stomatal immunity are not fully understood. Taking advantage of high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we performed label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of enriched guard cells in response to a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In total, 495 proteins and 1229 phosphoproteins were identified as differentially regulated. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormone signaling, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. We also showed that dynamic changes of phosphoprotein WRKY transcription factors may play a crucial role in regulating stomata movement in plant immunity. The identified proteins/phosphoproteins and the pathways form interactive molecular networks to regulate stomatal immunity. This study has provided new insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of stomatal immunity. The differential proteins and phosphoproteins are potential targets for engineering or breeding of crops for enhanced pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuwei Lin
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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9
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Li JG, Fan M, Hua W, Tian Y, Chen LG, Sun Y, Bai MY. Brassinosteroid and Hydrogen Peroxide Interdependently Induce Stomatal Opening by Promoting Guard Cell Starch Degradation. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:984-999. [PMID: 32051210 PMCID: PMC7145500 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in plants and functions in buffering carbon and energy availability for plant fitness with challenging environmental conditions. The timing and extent of starch degradation appear to be determined by diverse hormonal and environmental signals; however, our understanding of the regulation of starch metabolism is fragmentary. Here, we demonstrate that the phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) and redox signal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induce the breakdown of starch in guard cells, which promotes stomatal opening. The BR-insensitive mutant bri1-116 accumulated high levels of starch in guard cells, impairing stomatal opening in response to light. The gain-of-function mutant bzr1-1D suppressed the starch excess phenotype of bri1-116, thereby promoting stomatal opening. BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) interacts with the basic leucine zipper transcription factor G-BOX BINDING FACTOR2 (GBF2) to promote the expression of β-AMYLASE1 (BAM1), which is responsible for starch degradation in guard cells. H2O2 induces BZR1 oxidation, enhancing the interaction between BZR1 and GBF2 to increase BAM1 transcription. Mutations in BAM1 lead to starch accumulation and reduce the effects of BR and H2O2 on stomatal opening. Overall, this study uncovers the critical roles of BR and H2O2 in regulating guard cell starch metabolism and stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbo Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchen Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Lian-Ge Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
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Guan Q, Tan B, Kelley TM, Tian J, Chen S. Physiological Changes in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum During the C 3 to CAM Transition Induced by Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32256510 PMCID: PMC7090145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress impedes plant growth and development, and leads to yield loss. Recently, a halophyte species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum has become a model to study plant photosynthetic responses to salt stress. It has an adaptive mechanism of shifting from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis under stresses, which greatly enhances water usage efficiency and stress tolerance. In this study, we focused on investigating the morphological and physiological changes [e.g., leaf area, stomatal movement behavior, gas exchange, leaf succulence, and relative water content (RWC)] of M. crystallinum during the C3 to CAM photosynthetic transition under salt stress. Our results showed that in M. crystallinum seedlings, CAM photosynthesis was initiated after 6 days of salt treatment, the transition takes place within a 3-day period, and plants became mostly CAM in 2 weeks. This result defined the transition period of a facultative CAM plant, laid a foundation for future studies on identifying the molecular switches responsible for the transition from C3 to CAM, and contributed to the ultimate goal of engineering CAM characteristics into C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bowen Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Theresa M. Kelley
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Lawrence SR, Gaitens M, Guan Q, Dufresne C, Chen S. S-Nitroso-Proteome Revealed in Stomatal Guard Cell Response to Flg22. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051688. [PMID: 32121556 PMCID: PMC7084773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in stomata closure induced by environmental stimuli including pathogens. During pathogen challenge, nitric oxide (NO) acts as a second messenger in guard cell signaling networks to activate downstream responses leading to stomata closure. One means by which NO’s action is achieved is through the posttranslational modification of cysteine residue(s) of target proteins. Although the roles of NO have been well studied in plant tissues and seedlings, far less is known about NO signaling and, more specifically, protein S-nitrosylation (SNO) in stomatal guard cells. In this study, using iodoTMTRAQ quantitative proteomics technology, we analyzed changes in protein SNO modification in guard cells of reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana in response to flg22, an elicitor-active peptide derived from bacterial flagellin. A total of 41 SNO-modified peptides corresponding to 35 proteins were identified. The proteins cover a wide range of functions, including energy metabolism, transport, stress response, photosynthesis, and cell–cell communication. This study creates the first inventory of previously unknown NO responsive proteins in guard cell immune responses and establishes a foundation for future research toward understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory roles of SNO in stomata immunity against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon R. Lawrence
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Meghan Gaitens
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1400 Northpoint Parkway, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA;
| | - Sixue Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.G.); (Q.G.)
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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