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Smits-Engelsman B, Verbecque E. Pediatric care for children with developmental coordination disorder, can we do better? Biomed J 2022; 45:250-264. [PMID: 34482014 PMCID: PMC9250084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper adopts a method of narrative critical review based on a non-systematic search of the literature to provide insights into the trends of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) treatment and to point out some future alternative approaches to prevent secondary health implications in children with DCD. The cause of DCD is unknown, but evidence suggests that these children have atypical brain structure and function. Interventions to help children cope with their activity limitations are effective in improving motor competence and motor skill related fitness in the short term. Although activity-orientated interventions can improve motor outcomes in children with DCD, high quality intervention trials and evaluation of long-term effects are urgently needed. Importantly, motor coordination problems associated with DCD extend to exercise-related activities leading to reduced participation in play and sports, which causes secondary problems in muscular fitness and body composition. Hence, treatment goals should not be limited to the improvement of motor skills (in ADL), but should also focus on health-related quality of life. We therefore propose when noticing motor problems in a child, already before enrolling but also during intervention, to explore ways to adapt everyday physical activities to optimally match the child's skill level. Hence, such activities will not only train the skills and improve physical fitness but will lead to positive engagement, thereby preventing the child from opting out of active play and sports. This provides the child with chances for exercise-dependent learning and will also positively impact social-emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Physical Literacy in Elementary Physical Education: A Survey of Fundamental Movement Skill Practice Patterns. Pediatr Phys Ther 2022; 34:56-61. [PMID: 34873120 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe fundamental movement skill (FMS) practice patterns in the elementary physical education (PE) curriculum. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was sent to PE teachers of grades 1 through 6. Sixty-eight responses were included for analysis. RESULTS Only 38.2% of teachers taught all 12 FMS components. Compared with PE teachers for grades 4 to 6, a significantly higher proportion of PE teachers for grades 1 to 3 taught all 12 FMS and used direct instruction methods. For children falling behind, only 8.8% reported referring to an exercise program and no PE teacher sought a health care referral. A video abstract can be found in Supplemental Digital Content 1 (available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A342).
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Gentil P, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Ramirez-Campillo R, Souza D. High-Intensity Multimodal Training for Young People: It's Time to Think Inside the Box! Front Physiol 2021; 12:723486. [PMID: 34456755 PMCID: PMC8397438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- College of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Stracciolini A, Luz J, Walker G, Edwards N, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Are primary care physicians ill equipped to evaluate and treat childhood physical inactivity? PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:199-207. [PMID: 31560577 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1673685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate primary care physician clinical practice patterns, barriers, and education surrounding pediatric physical activity (PA), and to compare practice patterns by discipline.Study design: Cross-sectional studyMethods: 4500 randomly selected pediatricians, family practice, and sports medicine physicians in the United States were surveyed (11% response rate). Main outcome measures were questionnaire answers on clinical effort, attitudes, and barriers surrounding PA, medical education in exercise science, and awareness of ICD-9 diagnostic codes pertaining to physical inactivity.Results: Approximately 15% of patient interaction time was spent on the evaluation and treatment of physical inactivity for a normal weight child. For an overweight or obese child, clinical time spent on PA almost doubles. Regardless of weight, sports medicine physicians spent significantly more time on the evaluation of physical activity compared to family/internal medicine physicians and pediatricians. Mean percentage of time family/internal medicine physicians spent on PA evaluation and treatment was consistently less than sports medicine physicians, and consistently more than pediatricians. Most physicians strongly agreed that PA assessment and treatment are important for disease prevention; only 28% had ever made the diagnosis of childhood physical inactivity. Limited clinical time was identified as a primary barrier to diagnosing childhood physical inactivity. Eighty-five percent of respondents were unaware of ICD-9 codes for reimbursement of PA evaluation. Eighty-one percent reported a paucity of exercise science education in medical school.Conclusion: While physicians report that PA evaluation is important in practice, behavior patterns surrounding time evaluating PA and treating childhood physical inactivity are discrepant. Pediatricians showed less favorable attitudes and effort surrounding PA compared to other primary care disciplines. The majority of physicians are unaware of physical inactivity diagnostic codes, have never made the diagnosis of childhood physical inactivity, and may not be receiving basic pediatric exercise science training required for evaluating and treating childhood physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stracciolini
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Luz
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory D Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Tabacchi G, Faigenbaum A, Jemni M, Thomas E, Capranica L, Palma A, Breda J, Bianco A. Profiles of Physical Fitness Risk Behaviours in School Adolescents from the ASSO Project: A Latent Class Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091933. [PMID: 30189647 PMCID: PMC6163564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to describe profiles of adolescents’ fitness level, identify latent classes of fitness-related risk behaviours, and describe their sociodemographic and environmental predictors. In total, 883 adolescents (16.4 ± 1.4 years; 167.3 ± 10.4 cm; 62.8 ± 13.5 kg; 62.2% males) were assessed for personal and lifestyle information and for physical fitness components. Eleven possible fitness determinants and seven predictors were included. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine fitness-related risk behaviours. Logistic regressions predicted class membership and assessed associations with fitness levels and fitness components. Five latent classes were recognised: 1—virtuous, 30.7% of respondents; 2—low physical activity/sport, 18.8%; 3—incorrect alcohol/food habits, 25.8%; 4—health risk/overweight, 15.9%; 5—malaise/diseases, 8.8%. Sex, age, parents’ overweightness/obesity and education, and school type predicted most classes significantly. Compared to class 1, class 2 had higher odds of having all poor fitness components except upper body maximal strength; class 4 had higher risk of low muscular endurance; and class 5 was likely to have lower maximal strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility. Educating adolescents to reach a sufficient practice of PA/sport could help decreasing the risk of low health-related fitness more than discouraging them from using alcohol, addressing proper food behaviours and habits, and helping them understand their psychophysical malaise symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Avery Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
| | - Monèm Jemni
- ISAFA-International Science and Football Association, 13 Musker Pl, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB23 3LE, UK.
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, P.za Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
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Wald A, Garber CE. A Review of Current Literature on Vital Sign Assessment of Physical Activity in Primary Care. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 50:65-73. [PMID: 29068556 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct an integrated review of the performance and implementation of two physical activity (PA) assessment tools, the exercise vital sign (EVS) and the physical activity vital sign (PAVS), in U.S. primary care practice. DESIGN An integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl's methodology. METHODS Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched. Search terms were "exercise vital sign" OR "physical activity vital sign" AND "primary care". Additional inclusion criteria were studies conducted in the United States, published in English, in primary care, between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported validity data of the EVS tool, while four studies reported data from the PAVS tool. Compared with the accelerometer, the EVS tool overestimated moderate-vigorous PA, while the PAVS tool demonstrated moderate agreement in identifying those not meeting national PA guidelines. The EVS tool was successfully implemented in large, integrated practices utilizing electronic health record systems. PA documentation increased compared to non-EVS practices. The predictive ability of the PAVS tool for clinical outcomes was shown. Studies of PA assessment tool use in children were not found. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence on the validity of both the EVS and PAVS tools support cautious use of each as a screening tool in primary care. There were no data on reliability, with limited data on tool use in diverse populations or settings. Data in children, older adults, and diverse population subgroups were lacking. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Two brief exercise vital signs tools have each shown some initial validity for use by primary care clinicians as measures to identify patients not meeting PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wald
- Assistant Professor, Nursing, School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, The College of New Rochelle, New Rochelle, NY, USA
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Professor and Chair, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Muth ND, Vargo K, Bryant CX. The Role of the Fitness Professional in the Clinical Setting. Curr Sports Med Rep 2015; 14:301-12. [PMID: 26166055 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While fitness professionals have not historically been considered an extension of the health care team, there is a growing movement in health care to provide more complete and effective team-based care and to better integrate clinical and community resources. One way to do this is through physician referrals to community-based fitness professionals who can help patients translate clinician-advised exercise recommendations into individualized and effective exercise programs. Fitness professionals are uniquely qualified to fulfill this role given their training and practical expertise in exercise physiology, exercise program design and implementation, and health behavior change principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Digate Muth
- 1Children's Primary Care Medical Group, San Diego, CA; 2Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and 3American Council on Exercise, San Diego, CA
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Lee JA, Williams SM, Brown DD, Laurson KR. Concurrent validation of the Actigraph gt3x+, Polar Active accelerometer, Omron HJ-720 and Yamax Digiwalker SW-701 pedometer step counts in lab-based and free-living settings. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:991-1000. [PMID: 25517396 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.981848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Activity monitors are frequently used to assess activity in many settings. But as technology advances, so do the mechanisms used to estimate activity causing a continuous need to validate newly developed monitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the step count validity of the Yamax Digiwalker SW-701 pedometer (YX), Omron HJ-720 T pedometer (OP), Polar Active accelerometer (PAC) and Actigraph gt3x+ accelerometer (AG) under controlled and free-living conditions. Participants completed five stages of treadmill walking (n = 43) and a subset of these completed a 3-day free-living wear period (n = 37). Manually counted (MC) steps provided a criterion measure for treadmill walking, whereas the comparative measure during free-living was the YX. During treadmill walking, the OP was the most accurate monitor across all speeds (±1.1% of MC steps), while the PAC underestimated steps by 6.7-16.0% per stage. During free-living, the OP and AG counted 97.5% and 98.5% of YX steps, respectively. The PAC overestimated steps by 44.0%, or 5,265 steps per day. The Omron pedometer seems to provide the most reliable and valid estimate of steps taken, as it was the best performer under lab-based conditions and provided comparable results to the YX in free-living. Future studies should consider these monitors in additional populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey A Lee
- a School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University , Normal , IL , USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Best TM, MacDonald J, Myer GD, Stracciolini A. Top 10 research questions related to exercise deficit disorder (EDD) in youth. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2014; 85:297-307. [PMID: 25141083 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2014.931179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exercise deficit disorder (EDD) is a pediatric medical condition characterized by reduced levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that are below current recommendations and inconsistent with positive health outcomes. At present, a majority of children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EDD because they are not accumulating minimum thresholds of daily MVPA. The purpose of this article is to highlight 10 important research questions related to EDD in youth. The critical research needs to better define the clinical spectrum of EDD to include an assessment of physical activity behaviors to determine the age or stage of maturation at which EDD first emerges; an examination of the kinesiogenesis of movement skills and physical abilities; and an evaluation of lifestyle factors that can influence the MVPA trajectory in youth. Research questions about interventions and policies to treat EDD include evaluating the education and training of health care providers on the importance of exercise medicine; determining the effectiveness of strategies to identify and treat youth with EDD in clinical practice; developing sensitive, specific, and cost-effective methods to diagnose youth with EDD; and assessing methods to promote health care reimbursement for the treatment of this condition. Without future research to optimize identification, treatment, and management strategies for youth with EDD, new health care concerns with significant biomedical, psychosocial, economic, and political ramifications will continue to emerge.
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10
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Duke AH. Commentary on “Reducing High BMI in African American Preschoolers. South Med J 2013; 106:460-1. [DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e3182a05d04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Viña CC, Wurz AJ, Culos-Reed SN. Promoting physical activity in pediatric oncology. Where do we go from here? Front Oncol 2013; 3:173. [PMID: 23875168 PMCID: PMC3709134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Myer GD, Faigenbaum AD, Stracciolini A, Hewett TE, Micheli LJ, Best TM. Exercise deficit disorder in youth: a paradigm shift toward disease prevention and comprehensive care. Curr Sports Med Rep 2013; 12:248-55. [PMID: 23851413 PMCID: PMC4137789 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0b013e31829a74cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widely recognized benefits of daily play, recreation, sports, and physical education on the physical and psychosocial well-being of children and adolescents, many contemporary children and adolescents worldwide do not meet the recommendations for daily physical activity (PA). The decline in PA seems to start early in life, which leads to conditions characterized by reduced levels of PA in the pediatric population that are inconsistent with current public health recommendations. Unlike many other diseases and disorders in pediatrics, physical inactivity in youth is unique in that it currently lacks a clinical gold standard for diagnosis. This makes the diagnosis and treatment medically challenging, though no less important, as the resultant ramifications of a missed diagnosis are of significant detriment. Exercise-deficient children need to be identified early in life and treated with developmentally appropriate exercise programs designed to target movement deficiencies and physical weaknesses in a supportive environment. Without such interventions early in life, children are more likely to become resistant to our interventions later in life and consequently experience adverse health consequences. Integrative approaches that link health care professionals, pediatric exercise specialists, school administrators, community leaders, and policy makers may provide the best opportunity to promote daily PA, reinforce desirable behaviors, and educate parents about the exercise-health link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Myer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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