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Sana SS, Chandel AKS, Raorane CJ, Aly Aly Saad M, Kim SC, Raj V, Sangkil Lee. Recent advances in nano and micro formulations of Ginsenoside to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:156007. [PMID: 39276537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ginsenosides, the main component of Panax ginseng, have long been recognized for their therapeutic benefits and are thought to have neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-depressant, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-stress properties. However, due to their low water solubility, low biomembrane permeability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and total metabolism in the body, ginsenosides have a poor absorption profile that has hindered the therapeutic potential of these organic molecules. METHODS Initially, we broadly illuminated the several techniques of extraction of Ginsenosides using Panax quinquefolius and Panax ginseng. Subsequently, we focused on different delivery methods to improve the stability, permeability, and solubility of natural chemicals, which raises the bioavailability of ginsenoside. Lastly, we explained significance of a variety of nano and microscale delivery systems, including liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, metal/metal oxide systems, micro/nanoemulsions, polymeric micro/nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, transfersomes, and micelles to increase the bioavailability of ginsenosides. RESULTS The utilization of micro/nanoscale delivery methods, such as liposome-based delivery, polymer micro/nanoparticle distribution, and micro/nanoemulsion, to increase the bioavailability of ginsenosides has recently advanced, and we have emphasized these advances in this study. Furthermore, the disadvantages of ginsenosides were also discussed, including the challenges associated with putting these delivery systems into practice in clinical settings and suggestions for further research. CONCLUSION In summary, ginsenosides-based administration has several benefits that make it a potentially useful substance for a range of therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankar Sana
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Mohamed Aly Aly Saad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Wei X, Shi L, Jiang H, Ma F, Li Y, Li C, Ma Y, Ma Y. The latest research progress: Active components of Traditional Chinese medicine as promising candidates for ovarian cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118811. [PMID: 39251149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ovarian cancer ranks the first in the mortality of gynecological tumors. Because there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of ovarian cancer, most patients are in the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing year by year, and the incidence of ovarian cancer has a trend of younger age. In recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant impact on improving the quality of life of cancer patients, reducing drug toxicity, preventing metastasis and recurrence, enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prolonging survival time, so patients have benefited a lot. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarizes the mechanisms and molecular pathways through which active ingredients of TCM act in ovarian cancer. It explores the advantages of TCM in treating ovarian cancer. This review provides theoretical support for the use of TCM in the treatment of ovarian cancer, offering new perspectives for its clinical prevention and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review conducted a literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant studies on TCM active ingredients in preventing ovarian cancer. The search terms included "ovarian cancer" combined with "Chinese herbal medicine," "Herbal medicine," "Traditional Chinese medicine," and "Active ingredients of Chinese medicine". Based on existing experimental and clinical research, the paper systematically summarized and analyzed the mechanisms of TCM in treating ovarian cancer. RESULTS Active ingredients of TCM inhibit the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer through inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, suppressing tumor cell migration and invasion, inducing tumor cell autophagy, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs. Chinese medicine provides a comprehensive treatment option for ovarian cancer patients, synergizing with radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs to enhance treatment effectiveness and introduce new hope and possibilities in clinical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Active ingredients of TCM can inhibit the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer, but further clinical research is needed to support their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hehe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjun Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunjing Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Kooshki L, Webber K, Bishayee A. Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by natural compounds: a comprehensive and critical review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:501-574. [PMID: 37792223 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells employ multiple signaling mediators to escape the hypoxic condition and trigger angiogenesis and metastasis. As a critical orchestrate of tumorigenic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is responsible for stimulating several target genes and dysregulated pathways in tumor invasion and migration. Therefore, targeting HIF-1 pathway and cross-talked mediators seems to be a novel strategy in cancer prevention and treatment. In recent decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop multi-targeted therapies to modulate several dysregulated pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In this line, natural compounds have shown a bright future in combating angiogenic and metastatic conditions. Among the natural secondary metabolites, we have evaluated the critical potential of phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur compounds, marine- and microbe-derived agents in the attenuation of HIF-1, and interconnected pathways in fighting tumor-associated angiogenesis and invasion. This is the first comprehensive review on natural constituents as potential regulators of HIF-1 and interconnected pathways against cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. This review aims to reshape the previous strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Feng L, Liu X, Sun K, Sun Y, Wu W, Chen C, Jin X, Wan X. Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits the Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing the Mitochondrial-mediated Apoptosis Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:928-941. [PMID: 38465430 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206299212240304142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the more common malignant tumors posing a great threat to human life, and it is very urgent to find safe and effective therapeutic drugs. The antitumor effect of ginsenosides has been reported to be a treatment with a strong effect and a high safety profile. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on 95D and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells and its pathway to promote apoptosis. METHODS We performed the CCK-8 assay, fluorescence staining assay, flow cytometry, scratch healing assay, and Transwell assay to detect the effects of different concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 on the antitumor activity of 95D and NCI-H460 cells and Western Blot detected the mechanism of antitumor effect. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rb1 treatment significantly increased the inhibition and apoptosis rates of 95D and NCIH460 cells and inhibited the cell cycle transition from S phase to G2/M. Rb1 induces apoptosis by altering the levels of P53, Bax, Cyto-c, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3, Bcl-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins and activating the external apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of 95D and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to achieve antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Kaijing Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ying Sun
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Valdés-González JA, Sánchez M, Moratilla-Rivera I, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginseng: A Pharmacological Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093863. [PMID: 37175273 PMCID: PMC10180039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, a medicinal plant of the genus Panax, boasts a rich historical record of usage that dates back to the Paleolithic period. This botanical is extensively acknowledged and consumed in Eastern countries for its therapeutic properties, and, in Western countries, it is becoming increasingly popular as a remedy for fatigue and asthenia. This review provides an update on current research pertaining to ginseng and its isolated compounds, namely, ginsenosides and polysaccharides. The primary focus is on three crucial pharmacological activities, namely, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The review encompasses studies on both isolated compounds and various ginseng extracts obtained from the root, leaves, and berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Valdés-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moratilla-Rivera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Islam MR, Rahman MM, Dhar PS, Nowrin FT, Sultana N, Akter M, Rauf A, Khalil AA, Gianoncelli A, Ribaudo G. The Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Compounds in Ovarian Cancer: Updates on Mechanisms of Action, Current Trends and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:2070. [PMID: 36903316 PMCID: PMC10004182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents a major health concern for the female population: there is no obvious cause, it is frequently misdiagnosed, and it is characterized by a poor prognosis. Additionally, patients are inclined to recurrences because of metastasis and poor treatment tolerance. Combining innovative therapeutic techniques with established approaches can aid in improving treatment outcomes. Because of their multi-target actions, long application history, and widespread availability, natural compounds have particular advantages in this connection. Thus, effective therapeutic alternatives with improved patient tolerance hopefully can be identified within the world of natural and nature-derived products. Moreover, natural compounds are generally perceived to have more limited adverse effects on healthy cells or tissues, suggesting their potential role as valid treatment alternatives. In general, the anticancer mechanisms of such molecules are connected to the reduction of cell proliferation and metastasis, autophagy stimulation and improved response to chemotherapeutics. This review aims at discussing the mechanistic insights and possible targets of natural compounds against ovarian cancer, from the perspective of medicinal chemists. In addition, an overview of the pharmacology of natural products studied to date for their potential application towards ovarian cancer models is presented. The chemical aspects as well as available bioactivity data are discussed and commented on, with particular attention to the underlying molecular mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Feana Tasmim Nowrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23430, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Kim YW, Bak SB, Lee WY, Bae SJ, Lee EH, Yang JH, Kim KY, Song CH, Kim SC, Yun UJ, Park KI. Systemic and molecular analysis dissect the red ginseng induction of apoptosis and autophagy in HCC as mediated with AMPK. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:479-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Zeng Z, Jiang W, Kan J, Zhang D, Li R, He F, Hu Y, Li X, Zhang E, Cao Z. Shentao Ruangan formula promotes apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154565. [PMID: 36610125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. E2F2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in HCC; however, The mechanism by which E2F2 promotes the progression of HCC remains unclear. The Shentao Ruangan (STR) formula exhibits antitumor efficacy against HCC; however, the underlying antitumor mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE To explore the regulatory effect of E2F2 on the p53 signaling pathway and reveal the role and mechanism of STR in promoting cell apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 signaling pathway in HCC. METHODS E2F2 overexpression or silencing by lentivirus in HepG2 cells were used to explore their influence on apoptosis and the p53 pathway. An H22 tumor-bearing mice model was used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of STR and its effects on the E2F2-p53 pathway. STR-mediated serum (STR-MS) was prepared, and its chemical constituents were identified using mass spectrometry. The effects of STR-MS on viability and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the E2F2-p53 pathway were investigated and validated using rescue experiments. RESULTS E2F2 overexpression significantly inhibited apoptosis and the p53 pathway in HepG2 cells, whereas E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells showed the reverse. This increased apoptosis was rescued by the addition of a p53 inhibitor (PFT-α) to E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells. In vivo, high doses of STR could remarkably inhibit the growth of xenografts, promote the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, downregulate E2F2, and activate the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway with good safety. In vitro, STR-MS exhibited similar effectiveness, and the best effect was achieved at 30% STR-MS concentration for 48 h. When 30% STR-MS was added to E2F2-overexpressing cells, the increased apoptosis and expression of key proteins in the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly rescued. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that E2F2 inhibits hepatoma cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner and that STR may promote apoptosis by regulating the E2F2-p53 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Weichi Jiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jun Kan
- Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Yuechen Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Zebiao Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Lin Z, Xie R, Zhong C, Huang J, Shi P, Yao H. Recent progress (2015-2020) in the investigation of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb 1, a main active ingredient in Panax ginseng Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:39-53. [PMID: 35058726 PMCID: PMC8753521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most important ingredients in Panax ginseng Meyer, has been confirmed to have favorable activities, including reducing antioxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis, affecting sugar and lipid metabolism, and regulating various cytokines. This study reviewed the recent progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rb1 against cardiovascular and nervous system diseases, diabetes, and their complications, especially those related to neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia, hypoxia injury, and traumatic brain injury. This review retrieved articles from PubMed and Web of Science that were published from 2015 to 2020. The molecular targets or pathways of the effects of Rb1 on these diseases are referring to HMGB1, GLUT4, 11β-HSD1, ERK, Akt, Notch, NF-κB, MAPK, PPAR-γ, TGF-β1/Smad pathway, PI3K/mTOR pathway, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, Nrf2/ARE pathway, and MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The potential effects of Rb1 and its possible mechanisms against diseases were further predicted via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and disease ontology semantic and enrichment (DOSE) analyses with the reported targets. This study provides insights into the therapeutic effects of Rb1 and its mechanisms against diseases, which is expected to help in promoting the drug development of Rb1 and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongfang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Hao Y, Yu J, Zeng Z, Chen N, Zhao M, Tang J, Gong D. Ginsenoside Rb1 Lessens Gastric Precancerous Lesions by Interfering With β-Catenin/TCF4 Interaction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682713. [PMID: 34594214 PMCID: PMC8476751 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Seeking novel and effective therapies for gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) is crucial to reducing the incidence of gastric cancer. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and has been proved to possess multiple bioactivities. However, whether GRb1 could protect against GPL and the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. Methods: We evaluated the effects of GRb1 on gastric precancerous lesions in rats on macroscopic, microscopic and ultramicroscopic levels. Then, an antibody array was employed to screen differential expression proteins (DEPs). Validation for the targeting DEP and investigation for the possible mechanism was conducted using immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, TUNEL apoptosis assay, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Results: GRb1 was found to reverse intestinal metaplasia and a portion of dysplasia in the MNNG-induced GPL rats. The antibody array assay revealed seven DEPs in GPL rats as compared to control rats (5 DEPs were up-regulated, while two DEPs were down-regulated). Among the DEPs, β-catenin, beta-NGF and FSTL1 were significantly down-regulated after GRb1 administration. Our validation results revealed that enhanced protein expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were present in animal GPL samples. In addition, analysis of human gastric specimens demonstrated that β-catenin up-regulation and nuclear translocation were significantly associated with advanced GPL pathology. GRb1 intervention not only decreased protein expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, but interfered with β-catenin/TCF4 interaction. Along with this, declined transcriptional and protein expression levels of downstream target genes including c-myc, cyclin D1 and Birc5 were observed in GRb1-treated GPL rats. Conclusion: GRb1 is capable of preventing the occurrence and progression of GPL, which might be contributed by diminishing protein expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin and interfering with β-catenin/TCF4 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junrong Yu
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zeng
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Luo Z, An J, Shi W, Li C, Gao H. One step assembly of ginsenoside Rb1-based nanovehicles with fast cellular transport in photothermal-chemical combined cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195103. [PMID: 33524967 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe1f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the research of photothermal-chemical co-therapy provides new ideas for the treatment of cancer. However, the harsh photothermal temperature hinders the clinical development of photothermal therapy. To ensure low-temperature photothermal-chemical combined therapy, a safe and feasible drug delivery system is highly desirable. Herein, through one step co-precipitation method, ginsenoside Rb1-based nanovehicles composed of the hydrophobic drug doxorubicin, the photochemical reagent Cypate and the heat shock protein inhibitor gambogic acid was prepared, resulting from the amphiphilicity and membrane permeability of Rb1. Encouragingly, this platform exhibited excellent biocompatibility and rapid cellular uptake, both of which led to significant and irreversible death of breast cancer cells under the trigger of short-term near-infrared light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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12
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Luong Huynh D, Nguyen NH, Nguyen CT. Pharmacological properties of ginsenosides in inflammation-derived cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3329-3340. [PMID: 33900512 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is commonly used as an herbal medicine for improvement of life quality. It is also used as a supplemental medication with anti-cancer drugs to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and shows some beneficial effects. Ginsenosides, also known as saponins, are the major active pharmacological compounds found in ginseng and have been extensively using in treatment of not only cancers but also the other inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. The anti-cancer activities of ginsengs and ginsenosides in different types of cancers have been well studied experimentally and clinically. The major anti-cancer mechanisms of ginseng compounds include inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis as well as induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Herein, we review and summarize the current knowledge on the pharmacological effects of ginsengs and ginseng-derived compounds in the treatment of cancers. Moreover, the molecular and cellular mechanism(s) by which ginsengs and ginsenosides modulate the immune response in cancer diseases as well as ginsengs-drugs interaction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Luong Huynh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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13
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He S, Lyu F, Lou L, Liu L, Li S, Jakowitsch J, Ma Y. Anti-tumor activities of Panax quinquefolius saponins and potential biomarkers in prostate cancer. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:273-286. [PMID: 33841008 PMCID: PMC8020356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Developing new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PC) is a significant need. The Chinese herbal medicine Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) have been reported to show anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized that PQS exhibits anti-cancer activity in human PC cells and we aimed to search for novel biomarkers allowing early diagnosis of PC. METHODS We used the human PC cell line DU145 and the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 to perform cell viability assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, and FACS-based apoptosis assays. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was used to display specific gene expression patterns and to search for novel biomarkers. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to demonstrate the expression levels of multiple cancer-related genes. RESULTS Our data showed that PQS inhibited the viability of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. A significant decrease in DU145 cell invasion and migration were observed after 24 h treatment by PQS. PQS up-regulated the expression levels of p21, p53, TMEM79, ACOXL, ETV5, and SPINT1 while it down-regulated the expression levels of bcl2, STAT3, FANCD2, DRD2, and TMPRSS2. CONCLUSION PQS promoted cells apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells, which suggests that PQS may be effective for treating PC. TMEM79 and ACOXL were expressed significantly higher in PNT2 than in DU145 cells and could be novel biomarker candidates for PC diagnosis.
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Key Words
- ACOXL, Acyl-CoA oxidase-like protein
- Chinese medicinal herbs
- DRD2, dopamine receptor D2
- ETV5, ETS variant 5
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FANCD2, fanconi anemia group D2
- PC, prostate cancer
- PQS, Panax quinquefolius saponins
- Panax quinquefolius
- Potential biomarkers
- Prostate cancer cells
- SPINT1, serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 1
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine
- TMEM79, transmembrane protein 79
- TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2
- bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- p21, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21
- p53, tumor suppressor p53
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- saponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fangqiao Lyu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Wang D, Zhao S, Pan J, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu X, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu M. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates microglia activation to improve spinal cord injury via microRNA-130b-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2144-2155. [PMID: 32761843 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a major ingredient of ginseng, has been found to be a potential protective agent in spinal cord injury (SCI) and in activated microglia-induced neuronal injury. This study discovered that GRb1 could facilitate miR-130b-5p expression in SCI rats and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; a crucial player in inflammation) was a potential target of miR-130b-5p. Hence, we further investigated whether GRb1 could relieve SCI by reducing microglia-mediated inflammatory responses and neuronal injury via miR-130b-5p/TLR4 pathways. The results showed that GRb1 alleviated SCI through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and proinflammatory factor expression via increasing miR-130b-5p.GRb1 weakened the damage of activated microglia to neurons through upregulating miR-130b-5p. miR-130b-5p attenuated activated microglia-induced neuron injury via targeting TLR4. GRb1 inactivated TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine secretion by increasing miR-130b-5p in activated microglia. As a conclusion, GRb1 alleviated SCI through reducing activated microglia-induced neuronal injury via miR-130b-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis, providing a deep insight into the molecular basis of GRb1 in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Pan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Li Y, Wang J, Chen W, Chen X, Wang J. Overexpression of STAT4 under hypoxia promotes EMT through miR-200a/STAT4 signal pathway. Life Sci 2021; 273:119263. [PMID: 33636177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous reports have found that STAT4 is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby regulating the metastasis and invasion of ovarian cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying remain unclear. MAIN METHODS We first established hypoxia-induced in vivo and in vitro models. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), the markers of EMT and microRNA-200a (miR-200a) were assessed by western blot and qRT-PCR analysis, respectively. Through the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay, the relationship between miR-200a and SATA4 was performed. The gain- and loss-function experiments were performed to examine the role of miR-200a/STAT4 axis. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the protein level of STAT4 was significantly up-regulated in our hypoxia-exposed models, and contributed to the regulating of EMT. Besides, we found STAT4 was a direct target of miR-200a. Overexpression of miR-200a repressed the expression of STAT4, and inhibited EMT progress, whereas the silencing of miR-200a promoted the STAT4-mediated EMT regulation both in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provided a potential molecular mechanism by which miR-200a involved in hypoxia-induced metastasis and invasion in ovarian cancer, suggesting a possible target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224001, P.R.China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224001, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224001, P.R.China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224001, P.R.China
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16
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Kang Z, Zhonga Y, Wu T, Huang J, Zhao H, Liu D. Ginsenoside from ginseng: a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:700-711. [PMID: 33462754 PMCID: PMC8180475 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease mediated by immune disorder and termed as one of the most refractory diseases by the Word Health Organization. Its morbidity has increased steadily over the past half century worldwide. Environmental, genetic, infectious, and immune factors are integral to the pathogenesis of IBD. Commonly known as the king of herbs, ginseng has been consumed in many countries for the past 2000 years. Its active ingredient ginsenosides, as the most prominent saponins of ginseng, have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Recent studies have confirmed that the active components of Panax ginseng have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on IBD, including regulating the balance of immune cells, inhibiting the expression of cytokines, as well as activating Toll-like receptor 4, Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP), mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and so on. Accumulated evidence indicates that ginsenosides may serve as a potential novel therapeutic drug or health product additive in IBD prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Kang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhonga
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.,Experimental Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1689 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
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17
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Yan YB, Tian Q, Zhang JF, Xiang Y. Antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of action of natural products in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:141. [PMID: 32934709 PMCID: PMC7471673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among females with genital tract cancer. At present, postoperative platinum drugs and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is the gold standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, patients who receive this chemotherapy often develop cumulative toxic effects and are prone to chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine more effective treatment options that would be better tolerated by patients. Recent studies have reported the therapeutic effects of numerous natural products in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, these natural ingredients do not induce adverse effects in healthy cells and tissues, suggesting that natural products may serve as a safe alternative treatment for ovarian cancer. The antitumor effects of natural products are attributed to suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis, stimulation of autophagy, improved chemotherapy sensitivity, and induction of apoptosis. The present review focused on the antitumor effects of several natural products, including curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and quercetin, which are increasingly being investigated as therapeutic options in ovarian cancer, and discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis and sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bo Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tian
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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18
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Transcription co-activator P300 activates Elk1-aPKC-ι signaling mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and malignancy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:32. [PMID: 32144235 PMCID: PMC7060348 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study found that atypical protein kinase C-ι (aPKC-ι) promoted the EMT process in HCC. However, how the aPKC-ι signaling pathway is regulated in HCC has not been elucidated. In this study, vector transfection was utilized to study the invasion of HCC cells, and the mechanism between P300 and aPKC-ι signaling pathways in regulating the EMT process of HCC was further elucidated in vitro and in vivo. We found both P300 and aPKC-ι were highly expressed in HCC and they were correlated with tumor progression and poor survival in HCC patients. P300 knockdown inhibited EMT, invasion and other malignant events of HCC cells but promoted cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. However, the effects mediated by P300 knockdown were abolished by aPKC-ι overexpression. Further studies showed that P300 upregulates aPKC-ι expression through increasing the transcription of Elk1, a transcriptional activator of aPKC-ι, and stabilizing Elk1 protein and its phosphorylation. In conclusion, our work uncovered the molecular mechanism by which oncogenic aPKC-ι is upregulated in HCC and suggests that P300, like aPKC-ι, may be used as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
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19
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Wang W, Huang L, Hu Y, Thomas ER, Li X. Neuroprotective effects of notoginsenoside R1 by upregulating Trx-1 on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in PC12. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:797-807. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120901586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble chemical that is commonly used in chemical and cosmetic manufacture. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the neurotoxicity mechanisms of ACR, resulting in oxidative stress and nerve damages. One of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines is notoginsenoside R1 (NR1). However, its mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic effect caused in ACR-induced neurotoxicity has not been reported. Our results have shown that NR1 resisted the neurotoxicity induced by ACR by upregulating the levels of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) in Rat adrenal chromaffin cell tumor (PC12) cells. NR1 inhibited the increase in levels of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3, which was instigated by ACR. Moreover, NR1 inhibited the decrease in levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 and Trx-1 induced by ACR. The downregulation of Trx-1 aggravated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and increased the expression of the above molecules, which was induced by ACR. In contrast, overexpression of Trx-1 attenuated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and inhibited the expression of the mentioned molecules induced by ACR. Our results suggested that NR1 protected ACR-induced mitochondrial apoptosis by upregulating Trx-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - L Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ER Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - X Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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20
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Chen H, Yang H, Fan D, Deng J. The Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of Ginsenosides: An Updated Review. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200512.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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21
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Chang CYY, Yang PY, Tsai FJ, Li TM, Chiou JS, Chen CJ, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Ban B, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Integrated Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy Improves the Survival of Patients With Ovarian Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2019. [PMCID: PMC6902381 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419881497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed
malignancy worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological
cancers. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely applied in Taiwan and has been
used in integrated therapies to treat patients with cancer.
Methods: Patients with ovarian cancer who were registered in
the Taiwan Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients Database between 1997 and
2012 were considered for this study. A 1:1 individual matching by age was
implemented. A total of 101 CHM users and 101 non-CHM users were involved. A Cox
proportional hazard regression model was applied to evaluate the hazard ratio of
overall mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to
calculate the cumulative incidence of the overall survival rate. Association
rule mining and network analysis were used to analyze CHM prescription patterns.
Results: CHM users showed a significantly lower risk of overall
mortality than nonusers (hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval =
0.23-0.91; P = .0256; multivariate Cox proportional hazard
model). The cumulative incidence of the overall survival probability was higher
for CHM users than for non-CHM users (log-rank test, P =
.0009). Association rule mining and network analysis suggested that the main CHM
cluster was associated with the usage of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, Chuan-Xiong, and
Xi-Xin, followed by the use of Bai-Shao, Da-Huang, and Di-Huang.
Conclusions: CHM, as an adjunctive therapy, may reduce the
overall mortality in patients with ovarian cancer. A list of herbal medicines
that could potentially be used in future studies and clinical trials has also
been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- China Medical University, Taichung
- Asia University, Taichung
| | | | | | - Chao-Jung Chen
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- China Medical University, Taichung
| | | | | | | | - Bo Ban
- Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, Shandong, China
| | | | - Ying-Ju Lin
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- China Medical University, Taichung
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22
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Lee CH. Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Natural Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipids. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1841. [PMID: 31766574 PMCID: PMC6966475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the progression of malignant cancer. Therefore, blocking the EMT can be a critical fast track for the development of anticancer drugs. In this paper, we update recent research output of EMT and we explore suppression of EMT by natural anti-inflammatory compounds and pro-resolving lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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23
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. MicroRNAs mediate the anti-tumor and protective effects of ginsenosides. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1264-1275. [PMID: 31608663 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1675722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs(, as short non-coding RNAs, regulate important biological processes and mainly are associated with regulation of gene expression. The miRs are beneficial targets for diagnosis of various disorders, particularly cancer, since their expression profile undergoes alterations in pathological conditions. The numerous drugs have been designed with the capability of targeting miRs for treating pathological conditions. On the other hand, the application of naturally occurring compounds has been increased due to their minimal side effects and valuable biological and therapeutic activities. Ginsenosides are able to act as anti-tumor agents via either increasing or decreasing the expression level of miRs. Ginsenosides affect the expression profile of miRNAs to induce their protective impacts. Angiogenesis as a key factor in the progression of cancer can be suppressed by ginsenosides which is mediated by miR regulation. The aim of this review is to shed some light on the protective and anti-tumor activities of ginsenosides mediated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Bai J, Kwok WC, Thiery JP. Traditional Chinese Medicine and regulatory roles on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Chin Med 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31558913 PMCID: PMC6755703 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical biological process allowing epithelial cells to de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells. Orchestrated signaling pathways cooperatively induce EMT and effect physiological, sometimes pathological outcomes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been clinically prescribed for thousands of years and recent studies have found that TCM therapies can participate in EMT regulation. In this review, the historical discovery of EMT will be introduced, followed by a brief overview of its major roles in development and diseases. The second section will focus on EMT in organ fibrosis and tissue regeneration. The third section discusses EMT-induced cancer metastasis, and details how EMT contribute to distant dissemination. Finally, new EMT players are described, namely microRNA, epigenetic modifications, and alternative splicing. TCM drugs that affect EMT proven through an evidence-based research approach will be presented in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Wee Chiew Kwok
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Kuhn H, Zobel C, Vollert G, Gurcke M, Jenszöwski C, Barina C, Frille A, Wirtz H. High amplitude stretching of ATII cells and fibroblasts results in profibrotic effects. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:167-174. [PMID: 31290711 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1636424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inappropriate mechanical forces act on alveolar epithelial cells during mechanical ventilation e.g. in ARDS and possibly in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. These forces can cause lung injury and may contribute to the development or aggravation of pulmonary fibrosis. Aim of the study: We investigated the hypothesis that high amplitude mechanical stretching of alveolar type II (ATII) cells and lung fibroblasts promotes profibrotic processes. Material and Methods: ATII cells and fibroblasts were stretched on elastic membranes using a pattern of higher amplitudes ("unphysiological"). The production of profibrotic cytokines and extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins were investigated in supernatants. In addition, we determined the expression of relevant microRNAs (miRNA) and the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ATII cells. Results: Unphysiological stretch of ATII cells led to increased release of TGF-β1 into supernatants. We also found elevated protein levels of collagen I and IV in supernatants of stretched cells. By contrast, stretching of fibroblasts changed neither the expression of fibrosis-modulating factors nor ECM-proteins. However, fibroblasts significantly withstood stretch-induced cell injury and seemed to have a survival benefit. Further, stretched ATII cells exhibited a higher expression of miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-25, let-7d) relevant to EMT. The process of EMT, which is characterized by an increase of vimentin and a decrease of cytokeratin expression, was significantly accelerated due to stretching of ATII cells. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that unphysiological mechanical stretching of lung cells induced several profibrotic effects and accelerated EMT, which may have critical implications in terms of development or aggravation of pulmonary fibrosis in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Zobel
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Gordon Vollert
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Maurice Gurcke
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | | | - Christine Barina
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Armin Frille
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Hubert Wirtz
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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Song Y, Ye M, Zhou J, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Restoring E-cadherin Expression by Natural Compounds for Anticancer Therapies in Genital and Urinary Cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:130-138. [PMID: 31194121 PMCID: PMC6551504 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and tumor metastasis. Loss of E-cadherin contributes to enhanced invasion and metastasis in human cancers. Therefore, restoring E-cadherin could be a potential approach for cancer therapy. Multiple natural compounds have been shown to possess anti-tumor activities through the regulation of key molecules in signaling pathways, including E-cadherin. In this review, we describe the numerous compounds that restore the expression of E-cadherin in genital and urinary malignancies. We further discuss the potential anti-tumor molecular mechanisms of these agents as the activators of E-cadherin in genital and urinary cancers. Although these compounds exhibit their potential to inhibit the development and progression of cancers, there are several challenges to developing them as therapeutic drugs for cancer patients. Poor bioavailability in vivo is the main disadvantage of these compounds. Modification of compound structures has produced actual improvements in bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems could be useful to deliver the agents to targeted organs. These compounds could be new promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of human genital and urinary cancers. Further investigations are required to determine the safety and side effects of natural compounds using animal models prior to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizuo Song
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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27
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Liu J, Ke F, Cheng H, Zhou J. Traditional Chinese medicine as targeted treatment for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced cancer progression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1068-1079. [PMID: 30431663 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which loosens cell-cell adhesion complexes, endows cells with enhanced migratory and invasive properties. Furthermore, this process facilitates both the development of drug resistance and immunosuppression by tumor cells, which preclude the successful treatment of cancer. Recent research has demonstrated that many signaling pathways are involved in EMT progression. In addition, cancer stem cells (CSCs), vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the tumor-related immune microenvironment all play important roles in tumor formation. However, there are few reports on the relationships between EMT and these factors. In addition, in recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed a unique system for treating cancer. In this review, we summarize the crucial signaling pathways associated with the EMT process in cancer patients and discuss the interconnections between EMT and other molecular factors (such as CSCs, VM, and the tumor-related immune microenvironment). We attempt to identify common regulators that might be potential therapeutic targets to thereby optimize tumor treatment. In addition, we outline recent research on TCM approaches that target EMT and thereby provide a foundation for further research on the exact mechanisms by which TCMs affect EMT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ke
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinrong Zhou
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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28
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Guo G, Zhou J, Yang X, Feng J, Shao Y, Jia T, Huang Q, Li Y, Zhong Y, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Role of MicroRNAs Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicines Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Brief Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1059-1067. [PMID: 30343602 PMCID: PMC6247546 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418805564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene
expression, and consequently several important functions including early embryo
development, cell cycle, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and
metabolism. While there are no effective treatments available against
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), some Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to
regulate growth, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. Many studies
have shown that Chinese herbal medicines regulate the expression of miRNAs and
this may be associated with their ability to control the development of HCC. In
this article, the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on the expression of
miRNAs and their functions in the regulation of HCC have been reviewed and
discussed. miRNAs such as miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 mediated by Chinese herbal
medicines may be good biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Zhou
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogaung Yang
- 2 Hangzhou Hesti Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Feng
- 2 Hangzhou Hesti Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Shao
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jia
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Li
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhong
- 3 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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29
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Mehlich D, Garbicz F, Włodarski PK. The emerging roles of the polycistronic miR-106b∼25 cluster in cancer - A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1183-1195. [PMID: 30257332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting translation and decreasing the stability of the targeted transcripts. Over the last two decades, miRNAs have been recognized as important regulators of cancer cell biology, acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The polycistronic miR-106b∼25 cluster, located within an intron of MCM7 gene, consists of three highly conserved miRNAs: miR-25, miR-93 and miR-106b. A constantly growing body of evidence indicates that these miRNAs are overexpressed in numerous human malignancies and regulate multiple cellular processes associated with cancer development and progression, including: cell proliferation and survival, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that miR-106b∼25 cluster miRNAs modulate cancer stem cells characteristics and might promote resistance to anticancer therapies. In light of these novel discoveries, miRNAs belonging to the miR-106b∼25 cluster have emerged as key oncogenic drivers as well as potential biomarkers and plausible therapeutic targets in different tumor types. Herein, we comprehensively review novel findings on the roles of miR-106b∼25 cluster in human cancer, and provide a broad insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying its oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Garbicz
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Żwirki i Wigury Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 14 Indiry Gandhi Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
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Shin KO, Choe SJ, Uchida Y, Kim I, Jeong Y, Park K. Ginsenoside Rb1 Enhances Keratinocyte Migration by a Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Dependent Mechanism. J Med Food 2018; 21:1129-1136. [PMID: 30148701 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cutaneous wound healing process is tightly regulated by a range of cellular responses, including migration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid produced in keratinocytes (KC) and it is known to stimulate skin wound repair through increased KC migration. Of the multifunctional triterpene ginsenosides, Rb1 enhances cutaneous wound healing process by increasing KC migration, but cellular mechanisms responsible for the Rb1-mediated increase in KC migration are largely unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that, and assessed whether, Rb1 could stimulate KC migration through S1P-dependent mechanisms. Rb1 significantly increases S1P production by regulating the activity of metabolic conversion enzymes associated with S1P generation and degradation, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and S1P lyase, respectively, in parallel with enhanced KC migration. However, blockade of ceramide to S1P metabolic conversion using a specific inhibitor of SPHK1 attenuated the expected Rb1-mediated increase in KC migration. Furthermore, a pan-S1P receptor inhibitor pertussis toxin significantly attenuated Rb1-induced stimulation of KC migration. Moreover, the Rb1-induced increases in KC migration required S1P receptor(s)-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB, leading to production of key cutaneous migrating proteins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the results show that Rb1 stimulates KC migration through an S1P→S1P receptor(s)→ERK1/2→NF-κB→MMP-2/-9 pathway. This research revealed a previously unidentified cellular mechanism for Rb1 in enhancing KC migration and pointing to a new therapeutic approach to stimulate the cutaneous wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Jay Choe
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju, Korea
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- 3 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- 4 Northern California Institute for Research and Education , Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Inyong Kim
- 5 Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- 5 Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
- 6 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University , Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
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