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Lun W, Yan Q, Guo X, Zhou M, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Mechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:468-491. [PMID: 38322325 PMCID: PMC10840437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane receptor, TGR5 is widely distributed in different parts of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, including the processes of energy consumption, weight loss and blood glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as fatty liver, obesity and diabetes. With the global obesity situation becoming more and more serious, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism of TGR5 and filling the gaps in knowledge concerning clinical ligand drugs are urgently needed. In this review, we mainly explain the anti-obesity mechanism of TGR5 to promote the further study of this target, and show the electron microscope structure of TGR5 and review recent studies on TGR5 ligands to illustrate the specific binding between TGR5 receptor binding sites and ligands, which can effectively provide new ideas for ligand research and promote drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Lun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Hu F, Yu H, Zong J, Xue J, Wen Z, Chen M, Du L, Chen T. The impact of hypertension for metabolites in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36819519 PMCID: PMC9929784 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death and is often accompanied by hypertension. Methods We investigated whether hypertension affects the metabolism of patients with ACS. Serum samples were provided from healthy controls (HCs; n=26), patients with ACS (n=20), or those patients with ACS complicated with hypertension (HTN, n=21), and all were subjected to non-targeted metabolomics analyses based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Differential metabolites were screened using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) provided metabolic pathways related to these metabolites. Results Compared to those in the HC group, 12 metabolites were significantly upregulated and 6 significantly downregulated in the ACS group; among these, L-cystine and isocitric acid showed the most obvious differences, respectively. Compared to those in the ACS group, 3 metabolites were significantly upregulated and 2 metabolites were significantly downregulated in the ACS-HTN group, among which oleic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid showed the most marked difference, respectively. The five most prominent metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites between the ACS and HC groups were arginine biosynthesis; oxidative phosphorylation; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; citrate cycle; and glucagon signaling pathway. The metabolic pathways between the ACS and ACS-HTN groups were steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. Conclusions A comprehensive study of the changes in circulatory metabolomics and the influence of HTN was conducted in patients with ACS. A serum metabolomics test can be used to identify differentially metabolized molecules and allow the classification of patients with ACS or those complicated with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajiong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoshi Wen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China;,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Park SY, Jung YD. Bile acids and microbes in metabolic disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6846-6866. [PMID: 36632317 PMCID: PMC9827586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients, lipids and vitamins. BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucial roles in gut metabolism, microbiota habitat regulation and cell signaling. BA-activated nuclear receptors regulate the enterohepatic circulation of BAs which play a role in energy, lipid, glucose, and drug metabolism. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the biotransformation of BAs and regulates BAs composition and metabolism. Therefore, altered gut microbial and BAs activity can affect human metabolism and thus result in the alteration of metabolic pathways and the occurrence of metabolic diseases/syndromes, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity/hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases. BAs and their metabolites are used to treat altered gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. This review explores the increasing body of evidence that links alterations of gut microbial activity and BAs with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Moreover, we summarize existing research on gut microbes and BAs in relation to intracellular pathways pertinent to metabolic disorders. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic interventions using BAs can facilitate microbiome functioning and ease metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501190, South Korea
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Zhu L, Liao R, Huang J, Xiao C, Yang Y, Wang H, He D, Yan H, Yang C. Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 Regulates Liver Lipid Metabolism Partly via the miR-130a-5p/MBOAT2 Pathway in a NAFLD Model of Laying Hens. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244133. [PMID: 36552896 PMCID: PMC9776975 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus spp., as probiotics, have shown efficacy in alleviating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we screened a new probiotic strain, Lactobacillus salivarius SNK-6 (L. salivarius SNK-6), which was isolated from the ileum of healthy Xinyang black-feather laying hens in China. We investigated the beneficial activity of L. salivarius SNK-6 in a NAFLD model in laying hens and found that L. salivarius SNK-6 inhibited liver fat deposition and decreased serum triglyceride levels and activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. MBOAT2 (membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 2) was directly targeted by miR-130a-5p, which was downregulated in the liver of NAFLD laying hens but reversed after L. salivarius SNK-6 treatment. Downregulation of MBOAT2, L. salivarius SNK-6 supplementation in vivo, and L. salivarius SNK-6 cell culture treatment in vitro suppressed the mRNA expression of genes involved in the PPAR/SREBP pathway. In addition, 250 metabolites were identified in the supernatants of L. salivarius SNK-6 culture media, and most of them participated in metabolic pathways, including amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that acetate, butyrate, and propionate were the most abundant short-chain fatty acids, while cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were the four most-enriched bile acids among L. salivarius SNK-6 metabolites. This may have contributed to the reparative effect of L. salivarius SNK-6 in the NAFLD chicken model. Our study suggested that L. salivarius SNK-6 alleviated liver damage partly via the miR-130a-5p/MBOAT2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Poultry Research Center for Engineering and Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Rongrong Liao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jiwen Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Changfeng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Poultry Research Center for Engineering and Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yunzhou Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-216-220-5472 (H.Y. & C.Y.)
| | - Changsuo Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Poultry Research Center for Engineering and Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-216-220-5472 (H.Y. & C.Y.)
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Zhang Y, Gu Y, Jiang J, Cui X, Cheng S, Liu L, Huang Z, Liao R, Zhao P, Yu J, Wang J, Jia Y, Jin W, Zhou F. Stigmasterol attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats by strengthening the intestinal barrier and improving bile acid metabolism. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:38. [PMID: 36030278 PMCID: PMC9420112 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol (ST) has been shown to improve both lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism. However, the mechanism(s) by which ST prevents dyslipidemia via BA metabolism, and the potential involvement of other regulatory mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we found that ST treatment effectively alleviates lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, we also show that fecal microbiota transplantation from ST-treated rats displays similar protective effects in rats fed on an HFD. Our data confirm that the gut microbiota plays a key role in attenuating HFD-induced fat deposition and metabolic disorders. In particular, ST reverses HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats by reducing the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and Allobaculum bacteria in the gut. In addition, ST treatment also modifies the serum and fecal BA metabolome profiles in rats, especially in CYP7A1 mediated BA metabolic pathways. Furthermore, chenodeoxycholic acid combined with ST improves the therapeutic effects in HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. In addition, this treatment strategy also alters BA metabolism profiles via the CYP7A1 pathway and gut microbiota. Taken together, ST exerts beneficial effects against HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity with the underlying mechanism being partially related to both the reprogramming of the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of BAs in enterohepatic circulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study of the anti-obesity effects of ST and consideration of the gut microbiota as a potential target for the treatment of HFD-induced dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Yuyan Gu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Saibo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Linling Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Rongxin Liao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center of TCM Preventive Treatment, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Jieying Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Cardiovascular Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China.
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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6
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Qi Y, Duan G, Wei D, Zhao C, Ma Y. The Bile Acid Membrane Receptor TGR5 in Cancer: Friend or Foe? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165292. [PMID: 36014536 PMCID: PMC9416356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 or TGR5, is characterized as a membrane receptor specifically activated by bile acids. A series of evidence shows that TGR5 induces protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), and transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 protein (TRPA1) signaling pathways, thereby regulating proliferation, inflammation, adhesion, migration, insulin release, muscle relaxation, and cancer development. TGR5 is widely distributed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT), and skeletal muscle. Several recent studies have demonstrated that TGR5 exerts inconsistent effects in different cancer cells upon activating via TGR5 agonists, such as INT-777, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA). In this review, we discuss both the ‘friend’ and ‘foe’ features of TGR5 by summarizing its tumor-suppressing and oncogenic functions and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicine College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guozhen Duan
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (Y.M.)
| | - Dengbang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center, Tibetan Medicine College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (Y.M.)
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7
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Hao Y, Zhou P, Zhu YJ, Zou S, Zhao Q, Yu J, Hu Y, Li J. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Altered Bile Acid Catabolism Lead to Metabolic Disorder in Psoriasis Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853566. [PMID: 35495722 PMCID: PMC9048827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with psoriasis tend to have significant comorbidities, such as hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, which belong to metabolic disorders. The specific mechanism through which psoriasis increases the metabolic disorder risk is uncertain. In this study, we demonstrated that the dysbiotic gut microbiota of 6-month-old psoriasis-like model mice (K14-VEGF-A-transgenic) exacerbated psoriasis disease and induced metabolic disorder when transferred into 2-month-old mice. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we confirmed that the Parabacteroides distasonis decreased with age in K14-VEGF mice, and P. distasonis also decreased in the transferred mice. Metabolomic screening identified an altered bile acid profile, including a decrease in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in the feces of transferred mice. Additionally, CDCA supplements prevented metabolic disorders in K14-VEGF-A-transgenic mice. Consequently, we found that aberrant bile acid metabolism may contribute to metabolic disorder in K14-VEGF-A-transgenic mice, indicating the possibility to prevent and treat the metabolic disorder in psoriasis mice by targeting gut microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-juan Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zou
- Department of Cardiology West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qixiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Li
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Wang X, Lv W, Xu J, Zheng A, Zeng M, Cao K, Wang X, Cui Y, Li H, Yang M, Shao Y, Zhang F, Zou X, Long J, Feng Z, Liu J. Hepatic Suppression of Mitochondrial Complex II Assembly Drives Systemic Metabolic Benefits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105587. [PMID: 35037426 PMCID: PMC8948583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternate day fasting (ADF), the most popular form of caloric restriction, has shown to improve metabolic health in preclinical subjects, while intrinsic network underpinning the process remains unclear. Here, it is found that liver undergoes dramatic metabolic reprogramming during ADF, accompanied surprisingly with unique complex II dysfunction attributing to suspended complex II assembly via suppressing SDHAF4, a recently identified assembly factor. Despite moderate mitochondrial complex II dysfunction, hepatic Sdhaf4 knockout mice present intriguingly improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity, consistent with mice after ADF intervention. Mechanistically, it is found that hepatocytes activate arginine-nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis axle in response to complex II and citric acid cycle dysfunction, the release of NO from liver can target muscle and adipocytes in addition to its autocrine action for enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the pivotal role of liver in ADF-associated systemic benefits, and suggest that targeting hepatic complex II assembly can be an intriguing strategy against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Adi Zheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yuting Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineXi'anShanghai200240China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai200240China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
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10
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Pharmacological Dose-Effect Profiles of Various Concentrations of Humanised Primary Bile Acid in Encapsulated Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040647. [PMID: 35214975 PMCID: PMC8879575 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA)s are known surfactants and well-documented to play a major role in food digestion and absorption. Recently, potential endocrinological and formulation-stabilisation effects of BAs have been explored and their pharmacological effects on supporting cell survival and functions have gained wide interest. Hence, this study aimed to explore the hyper-glycaemic dependent dose-effect of the BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) when encapsulated with pancreatic β-cells, allowing assessment of CDCA's impacts when encapsulated. Four different concentrations of the BA were prepared, and viable cells were encapsulated and incubated for 2 days. Multiple analyses were carried out including confocal imaging, glucose-induced cellular mitochondrial viability indices, insulin production, inflammatory biomarker analyses and cellular bioenergetics measurements. There was a significant dose-effect with different concentrations of the BA, affecting cellular viability and antioxidant activities, cell functions and insulin release, inflammatory biomarkers, and cellular-bioenergetics at different oxidative stress levels. The results demonstrate that, when encapsulated, the BA CDCA exerts positive pharmacological effects at the cellular level, and such effects are concentration dependent.
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11
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Zagoskin PP, Erlykina EI. Bile Acids as a New Type of Steroid Hormones Regulating Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:114-127. [PMID: 34796012 PMCID: PMC8596256 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the systematization, classification, and generalization of the results of modern scientific research on the role of bile acids as a new class of steroid hormones. The paper presents the evidence for bile acid participation in the regulation of the body energy metabolism, body weight control, as well as the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention is paid to the role of bile acids in the control of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body. The applied aspects of using the novel data about the membrane and intracellular receptors responsible for the development of hormonal regulatory effects of bile acids are analyzed. According to the authors, the modern data on the role of bile acids in the regulation of body functions allow a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of body weight disorders and associated cardiovascular diseases. The review demonstrates promising directions in the search for specific methods of prevention and correction of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zagoskin
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E I Erlykina
- Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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12
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Zhang H, Dong M, Liu X. Obeticholic acid ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis by activating brown fat. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:991. [PMID: 34345273 PMCID: PMC8311225 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA) is exemplified as a potent drug for treating primary biliary cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting bile acid synthesis. However, it remains unclear whether the effect of OCA is mediated by the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the present study, brown adipogenesis differentiation in vitro and db/db mouse model treated with OCA were used to assess the anti-obesity function by body weight tracking, O2 consumption, food intake, physical activity, glucose tolerance tests. In addition, uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) protein expression in brown adipose tissue was measured by western blotting, morphometry of brown adipose tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic steatosis was detected by Oil-Red O staining and serological analysis was performed to assess the effect of OCA on hyperlipidemia. OCA treatment enhanced brown adipocyte cell differentiation and upregulated the expression of the BAT-specific gene Ucp1) in C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. Consistent with these findings, OCA increased whole-body energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis by enhancing BAT activity in vivo, and ultimately decreased body weight gain in db/db mice. In addition, the results demonstrated that spontaneous hepatic steatosis in db/db mice was ameliorated following OCA treatment. In summary, OCA functioned as a BAT activator to help ameliorate obesity and maintain glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. The present results may provide a novel potential therapeutic approach to activate brown fat in patients with obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, P.R. China
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13
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Song M, Zhang F, Chen L, Yang Q, Su H, Yang X, He H, Ling M, Zheng J, Duan C, Lai X, Pan M, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:365-375. [PMID: 34258424 PMCID: PMC8245770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional diarrhea and subsequent performance degradation in weaned piglets are major challenges for the pig industry. Bile acids (BA) can be added to the diet as emulsifiers. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a major primary BA, on growth performance, serum metabolic profiles and gut health in weaned piglets. A total of 72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and the CDCA groups, which were feed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CDCA for 30 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that CDCA significantly increased final BW and average daily gain (ADG), decreased feed-to-gain (F:G) ratio and tended to reduce diarrhea incidence. In addition, CDCA increased the villus height-to-crypt depth (V:C) ratio, elevated goblet cell numbers and the expression of tight junction proteins, suggesting the enhancement of intestinal barrier function. As an emulsifier, CDCA increased jejunal lipase activity and the mRNA expression of pancreatic lipases. CDCA supplementation also altered the serum metabolic profiles, including increasing the levels of indole 3-acetic acid, N'-formylkynurenine and theobromine that were beneficial for gut health. Moreover, the relative abundance of 2 beneficial gut bacteria, Prevotella 9 and Prevotellaceae TCG-001, were increased, whereas the relative abundance of a harmful bacteria, Dorea, was decreased in the gut of weaned piglets supplemented with CDCA. Importantly, the altered serum metabolic profiles showed a strong correlation with the changed gut bacteria. In conclusion, CDCA improved the growth performance of weaned piglets by improving intestinal morphology and barrier function, and enhancing lipid digestion, accompanied by alterations of serum metabolic profiles, and changes in relative abundance of certain gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Han Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jisong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mushui Pan
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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14
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Mooranian A, Zamani N, Takechi R, Luna G, Mikov M, Goločorbin-Kon S, Kovacevic B, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. Modulatory Nano/Micro Effects of Diabetes Development on Pharmacology of Primary and Secondary Bile Acids Concentrations. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:900-909. [PMID: 32013849 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200204115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that hyperglycaemia influences the bile acid profile and concentrations of secondary bile acids in the gut. INTRODUCTION This study aimed to measure changes in the bile acid profile in the gut, tissues, and faeces in type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). METHODS T1D and T2D were established in a mouse model. Twenty-one seven-weeks old balb/c mice were randomly divided into three equal groups, healthy, T1D and T2D. Blood, tissue, urine and faeces samples were collected for bile acid measurements. RESULTS Compared with healthy mice, T1D and T2D mice showed lower levels of the primary bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, in the plasma, intestine, and brain, and higher levels of the secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid, in the plasma and pancreas. Levels of the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid were undetected in healthy mice but were found to be elevated in T1D and T2D mice. CONCLUSION Bile acid profiles in other organs were variably influenced by T1D and T2D development, which suggests similarity in effects of T1D and T2D on the bile acid profile, but these effects were not always consistent among all organs, possibly since feedback mechanisms controlling enterohepatic recirculation and bile acid profiles and biotransformation are different in T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nassim Zamani
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Luna
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Bozica Kovacevic
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Song M, Ye J, Zhang F, Su H, Yang X, He H, Liu F, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA) Protects against the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Impairment of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function via the FXR-MLCK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8868-8874. [PMID: 31319027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a primary bile acid, has been demonstrated to play important roles as a signaling molecule in various physiology functions. However, the role of CDCA in regulating intestinal barrier function remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CDCA on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function and explore the underlying mechanisms. In IPEC-J2 cells, CDCA reversed the LPS-induced increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and decrease in tight junction protein expression. In addition, we found that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) but not Takeda G-protein receptor 5 was responsible for the CDCA-improved epithelial barrier function impaired by LPS. Furthermore, CDCA blocked LPS-induced activation of the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) pathway in a FXR-dependent manner and elicited similar effects to MLCK inhibition. In mice, CDCA supplementation restored LPS-induced elevation of intestinal permeability and MLCK expression and reduction of tight junction protein expression, thus alleviating LPS-induced intestinal barrier impairment. In conclusion, CDCA protected against the LPS-induced impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier function via the FXR-MLCK pathway.
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16
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Zhao J, Wang H, Dong L, Sun S, Li L. miRNA-20b inhibits cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation through targeting NLRP3. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:1167-1178. [PMID: 30628668 PMCID: PMC6365032 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA)-20b in the inflammatory response during cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanism following cerebral ischemia. A reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to measure the expression of miRNA-20b, and tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels were measured using ELISA. In addition, the protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by western blot analysis. It was determined that the expression of miRNA-20b during cerebral ischemia was increased compared with the control group. The overexpression of miRNA-20b increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cerebral ischemia group through activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Conversely, the downregulation of miRNA-20b suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 levels in cerebral ischemia via suppression of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, the overexpression of miRNA-20b increased the levels of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cerebral ischemia group, which were decreased following the downregulation of miRNA-20b. The inhibition of NLRP3 decreased the pro-inflammatory effects of miRNA-20b in cerebral ischemia. Suppression of ATP decreases the pro-inflammatory effects of miRNA-20b in cerebral ischemia. Suppression of ROS also decreases the pro-inflammatory effects of miRNA-20b in cerebral ischemia. Collectively, the present study provided novel insight into the role of miRNA-20b upregulation in the promotion of inflammation following cerebral infarction, suggesting that the miRNA-20b/NLRP3 axis may be a putative therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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17
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Kim T, Nason S, Holleman C, Pepin M, Wilson L, Berryhill TF, Wende AR, Steele C, Young ME, Barnes S, Drucker DJ, Finan B, DiMarchi R, Perez-Tilve D, Tschöp M, Habegger KM. Glucagon Receptor Signaling Regulates Energy Metabolism via Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Diabetes 2018; 67:1773-1782. [PMID: 29925501 PMCID: PMC6110317 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, also promotes weight loss, in part through potentiation of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion. However, FGF21 is only a partial mediator of metabolic actions ensuing from glucagon receptor (GCGR) activation, prompting us to search for additional pathways. Intriguingly, chronic GCGR agonism increases plasma bile acid levels. We hypothesized that GCGR agonism regulates energy metabolism, at least in part, through farnesoid X receptor (FXR). To test this hypothesis, we studied whole-body and liver-specific FXR-knockout (Fxr∆liver) mice. Chronic GCGR agonist (IUB288) administration in diet-induced obese (DIO) Gcgr, Fgf21, and Fxr whole-body or liver-specific knockout (∆liver) mice failed to reduce body weight when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. IUB288 increased energy expenditure and respiration in DIO WT mice, but not Fxr∆liver mice. GCGR agonism increased [14C]palmitate oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from WT mice in a dose-dependent manner, an effect blunted in hepatocytes from Fxr∆liver mice. Our data clearly demonstrate that control of whole-body energy expenditure by GCGR agonism requires intact FXR signaling in the liver. This heretofore-unappreciated aspect of glucagon biology has implications for the use of GCGR agonism in the therapy of metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucagon/agonists
- Receptors, Glucagon/genetics
- Receptors, Glucagon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shelly Nason
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark Pepin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Chad Steele
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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18
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Han X, Zheng J, Wang Y, Gao Z. miRNA-29a inhibits colon cancer growth by regulation of the PTEN/Akt/GSK3β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2638-2644. [PMID: 30013659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of microRNA-29a (miRNA-29a) on colon cancer cell viability and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects were investigated. The expression of miRNA-29a in colon cancer serum samples was notably downregulated, compared with in the normal group. First, miRNA-29a mimic was used to increase the expression of miRNA-29a in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, upregulation of miRNA-29a suppressed cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis, and promoted caspase-3/9 activities and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, upregulation of miRNA-29a decreased phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) protein expression and suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. The results of the present study verified that the protective effects of miRNA-29a suppress the PTEN/Akt/GSK3β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
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19
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Lin CY, Zhao L, Huang T, Lu L, Khan M, Liu J, Zhong LLD, Cai ZW, Fan BM, Wong AOL, Bian ZX. Spexin Acts as Novel Regulator for Bile Acid Synthesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:378. [PMID: 29692737 PMCID: PMC5902714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin is a novel hormone involved in obesity and diabetes while its biofunctional significance in lipid metabolism is still to be comprehended. Global metabolomic analysis in the present study revealed multiple metabolic pathways altered by spexin intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in rat serum, which are highlighted by the changes in several bile acid metabolites. In rats, spexin (300 μg/kg) could dramatically reduce hepatic and circulating total bile acids (TBA) level compared with the controls. Correspondingly, treatment with spexin by i.p. injection for 28 days led to significant decrease in serum TBA and gallbladder weight in C57BL/6J mice. In enterohepatic circulation system, spexin effectively reduced TBA levels in mouse liver and gallbladder but not the intestine. Hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1) expression, unsurprisingly, was suppressed by spexin injection. Both GALR2 and GALR3 antagonists reversed the inhibitory effects of spexin on concentrations of serum TBA and 7 α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), and hepatic CYP7A1 expression. Finally, negative correlations were observed between serum spexin and total cholesterol (TC), total bile acid (TBA), tauro-chenodeoxycholate (TCDCA), as well as glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA) in 91 healthy volunteers. These findings illuminate the intrinsic importance of spexin in the regulation of bile acid synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Lin
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Huang
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Lu
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Mahjabin Khan
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Liu
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zong-Wei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Bao-Min Fan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
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