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Chiang CH, Zhang TR, Hsu PS, Lin SP, Chen CY. Weight regain, but not weight loss exacerbates hepatic fibrosis during multiple weight cycling events in male mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:965-976. [PMID: 38265751 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight cycling is a phenomenon characterized by fluctuating body weight that is commonly observed in individuals employing intentional weight loss methods. Despite its prevalence, the impact of weight cycling on health remains equivocal. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of weight cycling on liver health. METHODS The weight cycling model was established by switching the feeding method of mice between ad libitum (AL) and restricted intake (DR or 60% of AL) of the breeding diet to cause weight gain and weight loss, respectively. The weight cycling model comprised two and a half cycles, with one group terminating the experience during the weight-gain period (S-AL) and the other during the weight-loss period (S-DR). Liver tissue was collected to investigate morphology alterations, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial homeostasis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the termination point of weight cycling affected body weight and hepatic steatosis. All parameters examined in the S-DR mice exhibited a comparable trend to those observed in the DR mice. Notably, S-AL mice showed a significant increase in lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver compared to AL-fed mice, along with reduced lipid droplets. Moreover, hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis were exacerbated in the S-AL mice compared to AL mice, whereas mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy were decreased in the S-AL mice. CONCLUSION Weight cycling ending in weight gain exacerbated hepatic fibrosis, potentially by inducing apoptosis or disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Conversely, weight cycling ending in weight loss demonstrated beneficial effects on hepatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rui Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Li W, Chen W. Weight cycling based on altered immune microenvironment as a result of metaflammation. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 36814270 PMCID: PMC9945679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the obesity epidemic, more people are concerned about losing weight; however, weight regain is common, leading to repeated weight loss and weight cycling. The health benefits of early weight loss are nullified by weight regain after weight cycling, which has much more severe metabolic consequences. Weight cycling alters body composition, resulting in faster fat recovery and slower muscle reconstruction. This evident fat accumulation, muscle loss, and ectopic fat deposition destroy the intestinal barrier, increase the permeability of the small intestinal epithelium, and cause the lipotoxicity of lipid metabolites and toxins to leak into extraintestinal tissues and circulation. It causes oxidative stress and hypoxia in local tissues and immune cell infiltration in various tissues, all contributing to the adaptation to this metabolic change. Immune cells transmit inflammatory responses in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue by secreting cytokines and adipokines, which mediate immune cell pathways and cause metaflammation and inefficient metabolic degradation. In this review, we focus on the regulatory function of the immunological microenvironment in the final metabolic outcome, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular processes of local and systemic metaflammation induced by weight cycling-induced changes in body composition. Metaflammation in adipose and muscle tissues that is difficult to relieve may cause weight cycling. As this chronic low-grade inflammation spreads throughout the body, metabolic complications associated with weight cycling are triggered. Inhibiting the onset and progression of metabolic inflammation and enhancing the immune microenvironment of adipose and muscle tissues may be the first step in addressing weight cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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3
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Mehran L, Honarvar M, Masoumi S, Khalili D, Amouzegar A, Azizi F. Weight fluctuation, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults in 18 years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:37-49. [PMID: 35921037 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Controversies exist in the effect of body weight loss and fluctuation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aims to assess the effect of weight variability on CVD and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) cohort. METHOD Participants aged ≥ 40 year at the baseline period with at least 3 BMI measurements were included in this study. After excluding individuals with cancer, CVD, end-stage renal disease, systemic use of glucocorticoids, pregnancy, and missing covariates at the baseline, a total of 3461 participants were enrolled and followed for 18 years. BMI variability was defined using root mean squared error (RMSE) and average successive variability (ASV). In the RMSE method, BMI variability was calculated using the best-fitting model for BMI trend of each subject. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess BMI variability's effect on CVD and mortality. RESULTS Among the 3461 participants in this study, the group with the highest weight variability had an increased risk of death for all-cause (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.25), non-cardiovascular (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.24-2.53), and non-cancer (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.25-2.50) mortality. However, BMI variability showed to be protective against CVD (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.6-0.97). These findings were significant in males, non-smokers, participants with age ≤ 60 year, BMI < 30, negative BMI slope, and both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION High BMI variability is associated with increased risk of all-cause, non-CVD, and non-cancer mortality, although protective for the CVD event. Appropriate strategies for body weight maintenance after weight loss could be adopted to avoid weight variability, particularly in non-obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Honarvar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Masoumi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - D Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Koldemir Gündüz M. BGM, a Newly Synthesised Boron Compound, Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via PPARγ and CTRP3. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4807-4816. [PMID: 35508889 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity makes it a global health problem, while treatment options remain limited. Given the potential of boron in the treatment of obesity, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-adipogenic activity of the newly synthesised boron glycine monoester compound (BGM) using 3T3-L1 adipocytes by analysing lipid accumulation, CTRP3 and PPARy gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic effects. 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells (ATCC® CL-173) were transformed into adipocyte cells in vitro. Fat accumulation in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells was detected by Oil Red O staining. Gene expression levels were determined with qPCR. Biochemical analyzes were performed using spectrophotometric method (CAT, ALP and ACP) and ELISA kit (TAS, TOS, NADP-IDH). Apoptosis studies were performed on the muse cell nalyser using the Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Assay Kit. When BGM-treated cells were compared to control adipocyte cells, lipid accumulation decreased in a dose-dependent manner. BGM-treated adipocyte cells had higher CTRP3 expression levels and lower PPAR-γ gene expression levels compared to control adipocyte cells (p < 0.001). While BGM application increased the TAS level, it showed an antioxidant effect by regulating the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes (p < 0.001). BGM application increased total apoptosis by 1.5-fold. These results show that BGM is a potential therapeutic agent for obesity by regulating the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipocyte cells and by affecting the activity of enzymes of oxidative metabolism and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Koldemir Gündüz
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey.
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5
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Micallef P, Vujičić M, Wu Y, Peris E, Wang Y, Chanclón B, Ståhlberg A, Cardell SL, Wernstedt Asterholm I. C1QTNF3 is Upregulated During Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Stimulates Macrophage Chemotaxis and M1-Like Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914956. [PMID: 35720277 PMCID: PMC9202579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue undergoes substantial tissue remodeling during weight gain-induced expansion as well as in response to the mechanical and immunological stresses from a growing tumor. We identified the C1q/TNF-related protein family member C1qtnf3 as one of the most upregulated genes that encode secreted proteins in tumor-associated inguinal adipose tissue - especially in high fat diet-induced obese mice that displayed 3-fold larger tumors than their lean controls. Interestingly, inguinal adipose tissue C1qtnf3 was co-regulated with several macrophage markers and chemokines and was primarily expressed in fibroblasts while only low levels were detected in adipocytes and macrophages. Administration of C1QTNF3 neutralizing antibodies inhibited macrophage accumulation in tumor-associated inguinal adipose tissue while tumor growth was unaffected. In line with this finding, C1QTNF3 exerted chemotactic actions on both M1- and M2-polarized macrophages in vitro. Moreover, C1QTNF3 treatment of M2-type macrophages stimulated the ERK and Akt pathway associated with increased M1-like polarization as judged by increased expression of M1-macrophage markers, increased production of nitric oxide, reduced oxygen consumption and increased glycolysis. Based on these results, we propose that macrophages are recruited to adipose tissue sites with increased C1QTNF3 production. However, the impact of the immunomodulatory effects of C1QTNF3 in adipose tissue remodeling warrants future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Cottam MA, Caslin HL, Winn NC, Hasty AH. Multiomics reveals persistence of obesity-associated immune cell phenotypes in adipose tissue during weight loss and weight regain in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2950. [PMID: 35618862 PMCID: PMC9135744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within adipose tissue (AT), immune cells and parenchymal cells closely interact creating a complex microenvironment. In obesity, immune cell derived inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Diet-induced weight loss improves glucose tolerance; however, weight regain further exacerbates the impairment in glucose homeostasis observed with obesity. To interrogate the immunometabolic adaptations that occur in AT during murine weight loss and weight regain, we utilized cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITEseq) in male mice. Obesity-induced imprinting of AT immune cells persisted through weight-loss and progressively worsened with weight regain, ultimately leading to impaired recovery of type 2 regulatory cells, activation of antigen presenting cells, T cell exhaustion, and enhanced lipid handling in macrophages in weight cycled mice. This work provides critical groundwork for understanding the immunological causes of weight cycling-accelerated metabolic disease. For further discovery, we provide an open-access web portal of diet-induced AT immune cell imprinting: https://hastylab.shinyapps.io/MAIseq .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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8
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Ceriello A, Lucisano G, Prattichizzo F, Eliasson B, Franzén S, Svensson AM, Nicolucci A. Variability in body weight and the risk of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: results from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:173. [PMID: 34446018 PMCID: PMC8394543 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a high incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Weight variability has been reported as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population and preliminarily also in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register the possible link between visit-to-visit body weight variability and the risk of cardiovascular complications among people with type 2 diabetes and without prevalent cardiovascular diseases at baseline has been evaluated. Overall, 100,576 people with type 2 diabetes, with at least five measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years, were included. Variability was expressed as quartiles of the standard deviation of the measures during the three years. The primary composite outcome included non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and all-cause mortality and was assessed during five years following the first 3 years of exposure to weight variability. Results After adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of the primary composite outcome significantly increased with increasing body weight variability [upper quartile HR = 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.39–1.52]. Furthermore, elevated body weight variability was associated with almost all the other cardiovascular complications considered (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, all-cause mortality, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral vascular angioplasty, hospitalization for heart failure, foot ulcer, and all-cause mortality). Conclusions High body weight variability predicts the development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that any strategy to reduce the body weight in these subjects should be aimed at maintaining the reduction in the long-term, avoiding oscillations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01360-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- CORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Björn Eliasson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Franzén
- Health Metrics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Registries, Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Svensson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Registries, Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- CORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
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Kim MN, Han K, Yoo J, Ha Y, Chon YE, Lee JH, Simon TG, Chan AT, Hwang SG. Body weight variability and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9154. [PMID: 33911167 PMCID: PMC8080815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between body weight variability and the risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using large-scale, nationwide cohort data. We included 726,736 individuals with NAFLD who underwent a health examination between 2009 and 2010. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥ 60, after excluding significant alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Body weight variability was assessed using four indices, including variability independent of the mean (VIM). During a median 8.1-year follow-up, we documented 11,358, 14,714, and 22,164 cases of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality, respectively. Body weight variability was associated with an increased risk of MI, stroke, and mortality after adjusting for confounding variables. The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, of VIM for body weight were 1.15 (1.10-1.20), 1.22 (1.18-1.26), and 1.56 (1.53-1.62) for MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality, respectively. Body weight variability was associated with increased risks of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality in NAFLD patients. Appropriate interventions to maintain a stable weight could positively affect health outcomes in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea.
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology Laboratory, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjung Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Chon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seong Gyu Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Associations of Variability in Metabolic Parameters with Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081982. [PMID: 33924149 PMCID: PMC8074362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is currently the most common cancer worldwide. This study investigates whether visit-to-visit variability in metabolic parameters is associated with lung cancer risk. We found that a high variability in fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body weight were each associated with increased risk of lung cancer. A higher number of high-variability parameters were also associated with increased lung cancer risk. Further research is needed to examine whether reducing variability can lead to decreased lung cancer risk. Abstract We investigated whether visit-to-visit variability in metabolic parameters is associated with lung cancer risk. We used nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, and 8,011,209 lung-cancer-free subjects who underwent over three health examinations from 2005 to 2010 were followed until 2017. Variability of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and body weight were measured by the variability independent of the mean, assessed by quartiles. There were 44,982 lung cancer events. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for lung cancer risk was 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) for fasting blood glucose in the highest quartile, 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) for systolic blood pressure, 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) for weight, and 1.11 (1.08, 1.14) for total cholesterol. When comparing ≥3 vs. 0 high-variability metabolic parameters, the HR for lung cancer was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.14, 1.22). However, while ≥3 high-variability parameters showed an increased lung cancer risk in men (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21, 1.31), women did not show increased risk (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92, 1.06). High variability in each metabolic parameter, and a higher number of high-variability parameters, were associated with increased lung cancer risk.
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11
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Association between BMI variability and risk of fracture among Korean men and women: a population based study. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:67. [PMID: 33839996 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In Korean adults aged 50 years and older, the overall risk of fractures increased with greater BMI variability among both men and women, specifically, spinal fractures for men and both spinal and hip fractures for women. PURPOSE The bone-health-related outcome, such as fractures due to BMI fluctuation, has been understudied within Asian populations. In this large-scale, population-based cohort study in Korea, we aimed to investigate the relationship between variability in body mass index (BMI) and the risk of fractures. METHODS The study included 166,932 subjects aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The BMI variability value from three follow-up examinations during 2002-2007 was categorized into quartiles. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effects of BMI variability on the risk of admission from hip, spine, and upper extremity fractures during 2008-2015 were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Compared to those in the lowest BMI variability (1st quartile), men in the highest BMI variability (4th quartile) showed an increased risk of spinal fractures (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.36) with a significant linear trend (P for trend = 0.021). Compared to those in the lowest BMI variability (1st quartile), women in the highest BMI variability (4th quartile) showed an increased risk of hip and spinal fractures (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.69; aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) with significant linear trends (P for trend = 0.021; P for trend = 0.003, respectively). There was no association between BMI variability and incidents of upper extremity fractures for men or women. CONCLUSION Association between BMI variability and increased fracture risk depended on sex and fracture types. BMI maintenance, instead of high BMI fluctuation, may be beneficial in terms of lowering the overall fracture risk for Korean adults over 50 years old.
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12
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Weight fluctuation and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide population-based 8-million-subject study. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:482-492. [PMID: 33598868 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The importance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by obesity has been emphasized. Many studies have shown that weight fluctuations as well as high BMI are associated with various adverse outcomes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between weight fluctuation and HCC in general populations drawn from a nationwide population-based cohort. METHOD A population-based cohort study including 8,001,829 subjects participating in more than three health examinations within 5 years from the index year were followed until the end of 2017. The degree of weight fluctuation and incidence of HCC during the period were evaluated. RESULTS When we classified groups according to baseline body mass index (BMI) level, the highest risk for HCC was observed in subjects with BMI of 30 or greater (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-1.54). Also, increasing trends for the relationship between weight fluctuation and HCC were observed in multivariable Cox proportional analyses. The risk of HCC increased by 16% (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) for the highest quartile of weight fluctuation relative to the lowest quartile. These findings were consistent regardless of the baseline BMI or other metabolic factors. However, these effects of weight fluctuation on HCC were not observed in liver cirrhosis or viral hepatitis subgroups. CONCLUSION Weight fluctuation is an independent predictor of HCC. In the absence of liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, the impact of weight fluctuation on HCC is further emphasized. These results suggest maintaining steady weight is recommended to reduce the risk of HCC.
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Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C375-C391. [PMID: 33356944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ tissue complications in the overweight and obese organism. Despite this widely confirmed paradigm, numerous open questions and knowledge gaps remain to be investigated. This is mainly due to the intricately intertwined cross-talk of various pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades involved in the immune response of expanding adipose depots, particularly the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammation is initiated and sustained over time by dysfunctional adipocytes that secrete inflammatory adipokines and by infiltration of bone marrow-derived immune cells that signal via production of cytokines and chemokines. Despite its low-grade nature, adipose tissue inflammation negatively impacts remote organ function, a phenomenon that is considered causative of the complications of obesity. The aim of this review is to broadly present an overview of adipose tissue inflammation by highlighting the most recent reports in the scientific literature and summarizing our overall understanding of the field. We also discuss key endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators and analyze their mechanistic role(s) in the pathogenesis and treatment of adipose tissue inflammation. In doing so, we hope to stimulate studies to uncover novel physiological, cellular, and molecular targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Camargo TF, Zanesco AM, Pacher KAS, Andrade TAM, Alves AA, do Amaral MEC. Physiological profile regulation during weight gain and loss by ovariectomized females: importance of SIRT1 and SIRT4. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E769-E778. [PMID: 32865007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in menopausal women occurs because of the systemic effects of loss of ovarian function, resulting in increased body weight and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is essential for weight loss, since it provides benefits associated with metabolic normalization resulting from the action of sirtuins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological effects of weight cycling in ovariectomized females. Females aged 2 mo (n = 8/group) were submitted to simulated surgery, ovariectomy (OVX group), and ovariectomy with weight fluctuation (WF group). In the WF group, weight cycling was performed two times, using 21 days of ad libitum commercial feed and 21 days of caloric restriction with 40% of the feed consumed by the OVX group. After 17 wk, the animals were evaluated experimentally. Weight fluctuations reduced triacylglycerol and the adipose tissue index of the WF animals, while increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins. In addition to causing fluctuations in the physiological parameters, the weight cycling led to increases of adipocyte number and serum fatty acids. These effects were reflected in increased expression of the sirtuin (SIRT) 1 and SIRT4 proteins, as well as protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, especially in the liver and adipose tissues. The weight-cycling results suggested that mitochondrial and nuclear sirtuins were active in cellular signaling for the control of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and redox status. Weight cycling was able to restore the health characteristics of lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Furtado Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Maria Zanesco
- College of Biomedicine, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayo Augusto Salandin Pacher
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
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Turicchi J, O'Driscoll R, Horgan G, Duarte C, Santos I, Encantado J, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Olsen JK, Heitmann BL, Stubbs RJ. Body weight variability is not associated with changes in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2020; 6:100045. [PMID: 33447771 PMCID: PMC7803052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Weight loss is known to improve health, however the influence of variability in body weight around the overall trajectory on these outcomes is unknown. Few studies have measured body weight frequently enough to accurately estimate the variability component. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of 12-month weight variability and concurrent weight change with changes in health markers and body composition. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the NoHoW trial, a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial promoting evidence-based behaviour change for weight loss maintenance. Outcome measurements related to cardiometabolic health and body composition were taken at 0, 6 and 12 months. Participants were provided with Wi-Fi connected smart scales (Fitbit Aria 2) and asked to self-weigh regularly over this period. Associations of weight variability and weight change with change in outcomes were investigated using multiple linear regression with multiple levels of adjustment in 955 participants. RESULTS Twelve models were generated for each health marker. Associations between weight variability and changes in health markers were inconsistent between models and showed no evidence of a consistent relationship, with all effects explaining <1% of the outcome, and most 0%. Weight loss was consistently associated with improvements in health and body composition, with the greatest effects seen in percent body fat (R2 = 10.4-11.1%) followed by changes in diastolic (4.2-4.7%) and systolic (3-4%) blood pressure. CONCLUSION Over 12-months, weight variability was not consistently associated with any measure of cardiometabolic health or body composition, however weight loss consistently improved all outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack K. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating Disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Sougiannis AT, VanderVeen BN, Cranford TL, Enos RT, Velazquez KT, McDonald S, Bader JE, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. Impact of weight loss and partial weight regain on immune cell and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue in male mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:909-919. [PMID: 32853106 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight fluctuations are common among individuals with obesity and are associated with increased morbidity. We examined adipose tissue immune and inflammatory markers in mice following weight loss and partial weight regain. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups (n = 8-10/group): low-fat diet for 32 wk (LFD), high-fat diet for 32 wk (HFD), LFD for 28 wk and then changed to a HFD for 4 wk (LFD→H), and HFD for 21 wk and then changed to LFD for 7 wk and then changed to HFD for 4 wk (HFD→L→H). LFD→H and HFD→L→H mice did not differ in body weight, fat mass, or fat percentage; however, these parameters were greater than in LFD (P < 0.05) but lower than in HFD (P < 0.05). HFD→L→H mice had smaller adipocytes than HFD and LFD→H (P < 0.05) but not LFD mice. Expressions of CD11c and CD8a genes were elevated in epididymal fat of HFD→L→H compared with LFD→H and LFD (P < 0.05)mice. However, CD11c was lower in HFD→L→H than in HFD mice (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in CD8a between these groups. TNFα and IFNγ expressions were increased in HFD→L→H compared with LFD and LFD→H mice (P < 0.05), although HFD→L→H had lower expression of these cytokines than HFD (P < 0.05). IL-1β was greater in HFD→L→H compared with LFD (P < 0.05) but was not different from LFD→H or HFD mice. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was lower (P < 0.05) in HFD→L→H than in LFD→H. These data reinforce the importance of maintaining a body weight in the range that is recommended for optimal health to reduce immune and inflammatory perturbations associated with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the immune and inflammatory status of adipose tissue in mice after they underwent weight loss followed by partial weight regain. We show an increase in selected immune cells and inflammatory mediators, in high-fat diet-fed mice that had prior exposure to a high-fat diet. Although weight fluctuations appear to exacerbate immune cell abundance and inflammation in adipose tissue, severity is less than in mice that were exposed to sustained high-fat diet feedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kandy T Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sierra McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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The role of immune cells in obesogenic memory. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:884-886. [PMID: 32346101 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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